SA A D A HMED

BE ( VI)

Using Analog signals

Listen to handset

Frequency typically 150MHz & above

Poor voice quality

Poor battery life

Large phone size Large phone size

No security

Frequent call drops

Limited capacity and poor handoff

reliability.

2G phones using global system for mobile communications

(GSM) were first used in the early 1990 s in Europe. GSM provides

voice and limited data services and uses digital modulation for

improved audio quality. Digital AMPS , CDMA were some of the 2G

systems.

FEATURES INCLUDES:

An interim stage that is taken between 2G and 3G that is 2.5G

Features includes:-o Phone calls/ Faxo Phone calls/ Faxo Voice mailo Send/Receive e-mail messageso web browsingo camera phoneso speed: 64-144 kb/seco Time to download a 3 min MP3 song: 6-9 min

To meet the growing demand in network capacity, rates required

for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications , 3G

standards started evolving.

It is based on the International

Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards.Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards.

3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider

range of more advanced services.

Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video-calls and

broadband wireless data , all in a mobile environment.

The data are sent through the technology called

Packet switching.Voice calls are interpreted

through circuit switching.

Phone calls/ fax

Global roaming

Send/receive large email messages

High speed web

Navigation / maps Navigation / maps

Video conferencing

TV streaming

Electronic agenda meeting reminder

Speed: 200 kb/sec-2mb/sec

Time to download a 3 min MP3 song:

11 sec-1.5 min

Music is an important mobile

Content category.

Mobiles can’t compete with Ipads

True mobility immediate & direct

access to downloadable music,with

no cables or PC.

3G technology has taken the gaming to the next level.

Real-time multiplayer gaming is possible in 3G system.

Innovative new services are being added by developer

daily.

Not simply rebroadcast of TV or website

Enhanced existing service for mobile environment.

Multi-faceted – 24*7 access to multiple

live streams , video , image & text

content , voting , messaging.content , voting , messaging.

User interaction on multiple levels.

Fully integrated in browser – one click access.

New radio spectrum to relieve overcrowding in

existing systems.

More bandwidth , security & reliability. More bandwidth , security & reliability.

Inter-portability between services providers.

High data rates.

Rich multimedia services.

Always online devices.

Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses.

Numerous differences in the licensing terms.Numerous differences in the licensing terms.

It is a challenge to build the necessaryIt is a challenge to build the necessary

infrastructure for 3Ginfrastructure for 3G

Expense of 3G phones .Expense of 3G phones .

Lack of buyLack of buy--in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G

wireless services.wireless services.

Large cell phones.Large cell phones.

Also known as “Mobile Broadband Everywhere”

One of the terms used to describe 4G is:

Mobile Multimedia

Anytime Anywhere

Global mobility Support

Integrated wireless solution and

Customized personal service.

Faster and more reliable Faster and more reliable –– 100 Mbps 100 Mbps

Lower cost than previous generations.Lower cost than previous generations.

MultiMulti--standard wireless systemstandard wireless system

Bluetooth , WifiBluetooth , Wifi

Coverage of wide area.Coverage of wide area. Coverage of wide area.Coverage of wide area.

Wide Variety of services capability.Wide Variety of services capability.

IPv6 coreIPv6 core

Potentially IEEE standards 802.11Potentially IEEE standards 802.11

Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.Only packet switching used unlike previous generations.

MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread spectrum radio MIMO(Multiple In Multiple Out) replace CDMA spread spectrum radio

technologytechnology..

For the customer

Video streaming , TV broadcast Video calls , video clips- news , music , sports Enhanced gaming , chat , location services… Enhanced gaming , chat , location services…

For Business

High speed Tele-working / VPN access Sales force automation Video conferencing Real-time financial information

Specifications 3G 4GFrequency band 1.5- 2.8 GHz 2-8 GHz

Band width 5-20 MHz 5-20 MHz

Data rate upto 2 Mbps 20 Mbps or more

Access wideband CDMA Multi-carrier-CDMA orOFDM(TDMA)

FEC Turbo codes concatenated codes

Switching Circuit/ Packet Packet

Top speeds 200kmph 200kmph

High usability: anytime, anywhere and with any technology.

Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost.

Higher bandwidth , tight network security.

The equipment required to implement a next generation

network is still very expensive.

Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to make sure

that expenses are kept realistic.