technology overview: integrated nuclear-renewable energy … · 2019-05-14 · energy program on...

Technology Overview: Integrated Nuclear – Renewable Energy Systems

July 12, 2018

Nuclear Innovation: Clean Energy Future (NICE Future)A Clean Energy Ministerial Initiative

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AGENDA

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Overview of Nuclear Innovation: Clean Energy Future (NICE Future)Ø Dr. Shannon Bragg-Sitton,

Manager of Systems Integration, Idaho National Laboratory, and Program Lead, U.S. Department Of Energy Office Of Nuclear Energy program on Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems

Presentations Question and Answer Session

Ø Ms. Sherry Bernhoft, Senior Program Manager, Electric Power Research Institue

Ø Dr. Shannon Bragg-Sitton, Manager of Systems Integration, Idaho National Laboratory, and Program Lead, U.S. Department Of Energy Office Of Nuclear Energy program on Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems

Ø Mr. Mark Ruth, Project Lead and Engineer, National Renewal Energy Laboratory

Ø Dr. Gina Strati, Energy Program Director, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories

Welcome & Introductory Remarks

1 2 3 4

Meet the Presenters

Ms. Sherry Bernhoft• Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

Senior Program Manager– Long Term Operations

– Flexible Operations for NPPs and related grid considerations

Dr. Shannon Bragg-Sitton• Idaho National Laboratory

– Manager of Systems Integration, Nuclear Systems Design and

Analysis Division, Nuclear Science & Technology Directorate

– Program Lead, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy program on Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems

Sherry Bernhoft

Shannon Bragg-Sitton

Meet the PresentersMr. Mark Ruth• National Renewable Energy Laboratory• Project Lead and Engineer in the Strategic Energy

Analysis Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

– Led analysis of the economic potential of nuclear-renewable energy systems

– Leading the multi-laboratory analysis of the H2@Scale concept

Dr. Gina Strati• Canadian Nuclear Laboratories• Energy Program Director

− Safe operation of existing nuclear power stations− Advanced reactors & Small Modular Reactors− Nuclear fuel and fuel cycles− Hydrogen technology− Federal needs to meet Canada’s GHG targets

Mark Ruth

Gina Strati

Nuclear Innovation: Clean Energy Future (NICE Future)A Clean Energy Ministerial Initiative

Technology Overview: Integrated Nuclear – Renewable Energy Systems

July 12, 2018

Nuclear Innovation: Clean Energy Future (NICE Future) • Rationale:

– Nuclear energy is an important contributor to global clean energy supply, and will continue to play a role in meeting future clean energy goals

– Even so, strategic planning for future clean energy systems often does not include nuclear energy

– As a result, there remains a need for a dialogue on the role nuclear can play alongside other forms of clean energy

• Focus areas for initiative activities: I. Technology evaluations for policy makers of coordinated energy systems, innovative

technologies, storage, and usesII. Engagement of policy makers and stakeholders regarding energy choices for the futureIII. Economics, including valuation, market structure, and ability to financeIV. Communicating nuclear energy's role in clean, integrated energy systems

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The Bottom Line – Up FrontTechnology options presented in this webinar are being developed to demonstrate that:

1. Flexibility and resilience are necessary attributes of our future energy system

2. Nuclear energy can be applied beyond baseload electricity generation to meet a broader set of energy needs

3. Nuclear plants can be coordinated with renewable generators to maximize penetration of clean energy in meeting our energy needs across all energy use sectors

© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

EPRI NPP Flexible Operations Program

2© 2018 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

EPRI NPP Flexible Operations Program (FPO) Program was started in 2014 due to increasing grid variability, grid congestion and negative electricity prices causing NPP operators to consider Flexible Operations as an option.

Purpose:

1. Proactive research to understand the impacts on the plant, and develop management strategies for safe and reliable flexible operations

2. Engage stakeholders3. Share operating experience


Example of What is Driving the Need to Consider FPOCAISO – Over-generation


How Existing NPPs Can Be Flexible – and Help with Grid Variability

§ Three pre-planned ‘bounding’ cases for Flexible Operation studies:

High renewable integration

Most frequent mode of FPO in the US

Extended low power operation

Under consideration for some plant operators

Response to grid transientWill need modification to plant/design basis

• >12 hour duration - daily basis• Ramp rate 0.5-1% per minute

Pre-Planned 100 - 80 to 70 -100% Power

• 2-8 week duration• Seasonal

Pre-Planned 50% Power

• Ramp rate 2-5% per minute• Response to Grid - short notice, no

defined duration

Extreme 100-30-100%


Research Focus Areas

Fuel integrity guidance

Chemistry and crud transport management Radiological Safety–waste effluents and source term challengesFlow Accelerated Corrosion program

Balance of plant impactsPrimary side impact assessment

Transient Cladding BallooningSteady State Irradiations

Thermal and MechanicalPerformance

PCI IntergranularStress Corrosion Cracking

Post-CHF Operation

Pellet CladdingMechanical Interaction


Looking Ahead What is the future picture....the need to consider FPO is a global issue and expected to continue to grow:§ Ability for faster and deeper maneuvering – coordination with the Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF)

project What are the questions we are being asked today:§ What is the ‘cost of FPO’ – can it be assessed and quantified?§ How do you value the benefits of being flexible and can we be recognized and compensated

for providing grid services? § Can we use the energy during periods of low demand and high capacity to produce other products?

Working with DOE (INL) a utility advisory committee has been formed

to study Hybrid Energy Systems


Contribution of Supply and Demand Resources to Required Power System Reliability Services*

Identified key grid reliability functions:

1. Reactive Power/Voltage Control2. Short Circuit Contribution3. Frequency Support

A. Inertial responseB. Primary frequency controlC. RegulationD. Load following/rampingE. Spinning reserve

4. Resource AvailabilityA. Fuel availabilityB. Equipment availability

5. Black Start

* EPRI Report ID 3002006400, available on EPRI.com

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Examples of candidate

applications beyond the grid

Small Modular Reactors

Large LWRs

Heat

Advanced Reactors

New Chemical Processes

Industry

Clean Water

Hydrogen for Vehicles and Industry

Generating Energy System Flexibility

• Goal: A sustainable, balanced energy portfolio for reliable, resilient electricity at stable, affordable prices

• Proposed solution: An integrated grid system that leverages contributions from nuclear fission beyond the electricity sector –i.e., hybridized nuclear energy systems to maximize flexibility and economic performance while ensuring reliability and resilience.

• Modeling and simulationTool development and associated analysis to assess technical and economic viability and to determine optimal system design and energy dispatch.FY-18 Focus: Pilot case studies for specific plants and regions with utility partners.

• Demonstration/experimental systemsElectrically heated system testing to demonstrate hardware interfaces, control systems, dynamic operation, etc.FY-18 Focus: Design/build thermal energy distribution system to connect PWR emulation loop to hydrogen electrolysis.

• Stakeholder engagement– Federal: Collaboration with multiple offices within DOE

(e.g. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energyshown in H2@Scale example)

– Industry: Utilities (including Utility Advisory Committee), developers, end users

– International: Clean Energy Ministerial, various others

DOE-NE Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems: Program Scope Overview

**H 2@ Scale is a com plem entary, collaborating program supported by the D O E EER E Fuel C ell Technologies O ffice.

The Optimization ApproachExample interim output from component sizing optimization:

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Wind Penetration: 200% of mean demandMin LCoE for all ES, SES Min LCoE

Net

Dem

and

(MW

e)

Gas

Tur

bine

Cap

acity

(MW

e)

Industrial Process Capacity (MWe) Energy Storage Capacity (MWh)

LCOE

100

600

System Component Capacity Optimization

Creation of the Environment (e.g., demand)

Dynamic System ModelEconomic Performance

(Best) financial performance and system capacity

Environment and system capacity

System Capacity

Dispatch and system capacity

Actual utilization, system capacity, and resource consumption

Economic figures of merit

Dispatch Optimization

INL-developed code for optimization: RAVENReactor Analysis and Virtual Control ENvironment (RAVEN)Allows researchers to understand and manage the probabilistic nature of complex systems and their numerical representation

Example: Optimized System Performance Results (Incl. Wind and Hydrogen)• System design optimization

using time histories for one year• Results shown for a selected

time history, one week period (hourly resolution)

• Optimized component capacities– Reactor (fixed size) 300 MWe

– Mean demand 400 MWe

– Industrial process 120 MWe(shown as negative – electricity input)

– Gas turbine 200 MWe

– Electric battery 100 MWh– H2 market price 1.75 $/kg– Wind penetration 400 MWe

(100% of mean demand, installed capacity, 27% capacity factor)

– Penalty function applied for over or under production of electricity.

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Evaluating Technical and Economic Feasibility w/Utility Partners

• Case I: Nuclear-Renewable-Water Integration in Arizona

• Electrical integration of existing nuclear generation and desalination processes in a region with significant solar generation

• Collaboration with Arizona Public Service (APS), operating owner of Palo Verde Generating Station, with consultation from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).

• Case II: Nuclear-Industrial Process Variable Hybrid in the Midwest

• Retrofit of an existing LWR to support an industrial application and electricity production in a region with significant wind generation

• Focus on H2 generation and associated off-take industries (e.g., steel making or ammonia production)

• Collaboration with multiple industrial partners, led by Exelon, with consultation from EPRI.

Southern Nuclear

Exelon

Arizona Public Service

PG&E/Diablo Canyon

EPRI

Duke Energy

Xcel Energy

Case Study Partner & Utility Advisory Committee

Utility Advisory Committee MemberPotential Utility Advisory Committee Member

Case Study Collaborator & Utility Advisory Committee

Experimental Demonstration of Integrated Systems (pending budget authorization and allocation)

Dynamic Energy Transport and Integration Laboratory (DETAIL)

Objective: Demonstrate simultaneous, coordinated, controlled, and efficient multi-directional transient distribution of electricity and heat for power generation, storage, and industrial end uses.

Data Links to DETAIL Components and Unit Operations:System-Level Controller to Unit-Level Controllers

Thermal Energy Distribution

Network

Simulated Nuclear Reactor

ARTIST

Controlled Heating Element

Steam Turbo Expander

Intermediate Heat Exch.

Thermal Energy Storage

SteamUser

Processes

Real Time Power Digital

Simulators

Dynomometer Power Gridor

Community Microgrid

System Monitoring& Control

PowerConverter

System Integration Lab Microgrid Components

Wind EV and Battery

Charging

Flow-ThroughChemical Batteries

PV SolarQ

QSET

CLR

S

R

Vin

GND

Vref

B1

B8

Sign

ENB

A/D Converter

Digital Real-TimeSimulator Stations

Experimental Demonstration of Integrated Systems (pending budget authorization and allocation)

• Electrically-heated testing of integrated energy systems

Nuclear Energy ReimaginedMaximizing energy utilization through novel systems integration and process design

Flexible Generators v Advanced Processes v Revolutionary Design

NOW

FUTURE

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Examples of candidate applications beyond

the grid

Electricity-only focus

Small Modular Reactors

Large Light Water

Reactors

Advanced Reactors

Industry

New Chemical Processes Clean Water

Heat

For more information contact:Shannon Bragg-Sitton

DOE-NE Lead for Integrated Nuclear-Renewable Energy Systems

[email protected]+1(208)526-2367

mailto:[email protected]

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated bythe Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Technoeconomic Analyses of Potential Greenfield N-R HESs

Mark Ruth

July 12, 2018

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Several N-R HES OpportunitiesLiquid Transportation Fuels

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/66073.pdf

Reverse Osmosis Desalination


Thermal Energy in an Industrial Park Hydrogen Production

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/66745.pdf http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy17osti/66764.pdf



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Key analysis questions?

1. Is the N-R HES more profitable than uncoupled configurations? Than competing technologies?

2. Does the flexibility of N-R HESs help support resource adequacy on the power grid while maximizing production of a more profitable industrial product? Does it increase profitability?

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Analysis Methodology• Developed grid with high

penetrations of wind or solar photovoltaic generation

• Used security-constrained production cost modeling to estimate costs to produce electricity during each hour of the year

• Added a capacity payment for generating electricity during high-need hours

• Calculated optimal N-R HES configuration and operating strategy

Hourly Electricity Price

Estimates

Subsystem Sizing and

Operational Optimization Capital &

Operating Costs

Capacity Payment

Generation Mix

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High Temperature Electrolysis (HTE)

Both thermally and electrically integrated

N-R HES with High Temperature Electrolysis

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Profitability of High Temperature Electrolysis

Configuration with the nuclear reactor and thermal power cycle has highest IRR at the base case values but does not meet the 10% discount rate

• Pink is full N-R HES• Blue and orange do not include the HTE• Light blue & yellow: nuclear reactor only used as a heat source• Purple adjusts between products

HTE: High temp electrolyzerNR: Nuclear reactorRE: Renewable electricity generationTPC: Thermal power cycle

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Optimal Purchases of Grid Electricity

All configurations with HTEs purchase at least some electricity.

At electricity price multipliers below 0.95: maximum electricity purchases

Between 0.95 and 1.1 wind-generated electricity displaced purchases

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Resource Adequacy Impacts

Higher capacity payments incentivize more price combinations but are insufficient to meet profitability requirements at base case.

$50 / kW-yr $100 / kW-yr $150 / kW-yr

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Conclusions

• Hybridization and flexibility improve profitability but require the energy system to pay for those services.

• When a capacity payment is available and large enough, an N-R HES’s most profitable design and operation will likely include supporting the grid by providing energy during key hours.

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Clean Energy Research at CNLGina L. Strati, Energy Program DirectorResearch & Development, Chalk River Laboratories


CNL is the single largest science and technology laboratory in CanadaChalk River Laboratories is the centre for R&D

9,100 acres with 200 acres of lab complex17 nuclear facilities, 70 major buildings 2,800 employees (500 PhDs & Masters)1,500 engineering, scientific & technical staff

Advanced nuclear fuels and materials researchRadiobiology, radioecology and dosimetryHydrogen and hydrogen isotopes management Nuclear safety, security and risk managementNuclear and systems engineeringNuclear chemistry applications


• Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM)• Nuclear Innovation and Clean Energy (NICE) Future Initiative • Carbon reduction targets for 2030 in the COP 21 agreement• Canada’s target to double research, development and demonstration

funding for clean energy and clean technology research by 2020

• Provincial and national interest in deploying SMRs; low-carbon energy solutions to remote communities and industries

• The NRCan supported, industry led SMR Roadmap encouraging alignment of the Canadian SMR industry

Environment for SuccessCanadian and Global interest in clean energy options


Energy

• Demonstrate the commercial viability of the small modular reactor• Support life extension and long-term reliability of existing reactors• Demonstrate new advanced fuel fabrication concepts• Develop and enhance material, fuel and fuel cycle options for CANDU,

research, small modular and Generation IV reactors• Decarbonize the transport sector and remote communities in Canada

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Small Modular ReactorsAn enabling element of an integrated clean energy solution

photos courtesy of Third Way - www.thirdway.org

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• Key activity: be a host site for SMR demonstration projects• April 2018: issued an Invitation for SMR Demonstration Projects (open, can

apply at any time)• June 2018: 4 responses

CNL’s plans for SMR DemonstrationGoal: demonstrate the commercial viability of SMRs by 2026

Stage 1:

Pre-qualification (3/4 Proponents)

Stage 2: Due Diligence

(1/4 Proponents)

Stage 3:

Negotiation of Land Arrangement

and Other Contracts

Stage 4:

Project Execution

Letter from CNL

CNL recommends to AECL

Signed contracts


Hydrogen ResearchHydrogen cogeneration, safety & applied research for three markets

Transport Sector Decarbonisation

Hydrogen Production, Safety, Process design,

Concepts validation

Small Modular Reactor Cogeneration

Hydrogen production,Safety,Process design,

Materials research

Off-grid CommunityEnergy storage,Safety,Process design,

Feasibility and sustainability

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Clean Energy Research Park

Clean Energy Park

Opportunistic clean-tech partners

ü Small Modular Reactorü Variable energy sourceü Energy managementü Energy storageü Hydrogen production

Renewable energy technologies

Possible power & thermal output users

IndustryWaste collection & recycle systemBiomass from waste utilization of sewage Reuse of waste water, desalinationRain water utilizationEmission controlLand pollution controlPublic transportHydrogen technologiesAgricultureElectric vehiclesQuick charger, small battery

“Smart” technologies

Demonstrating an affordable, reliable, low-carbon energy system to power the needs of diverse communities and applications


Gina StratiEnergy Program Director, R&[email protected]

www.cnl.ca

mailto:[email protected]


Staying Ahead of Increasing Grid Variability

§ Increase the ability for flexible operations:– Existing plants– New plant designs, including advanced non-LWRs

§ Key considerations:– Robust fuels– Enhanced fatigue monitoring– Licensing and design basis changes– Thermal bypass options – Hybrid Energy Systems

Question and Answers Session

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Webinar recordings provided on YouTube


Sherry Bernhoft,EPRI

Shannon Bragg-Sitton, INL

Mark Ruth,NREL

Gina Strati,CNL


THANK YOU!Your Participation is appreciated!

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technology overview: integrated nuclear-renewable energy … · 2019-05-14 · energy program on...

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