Renewable Energy Utilization - Aspects and Innovations: Sustainable, Green, and Smart Buildings in the

Emirate of Ajman

Prof Abdul Salam Darwish

Director of Phoenix Renewable Energy Centre

Lecturer– La Rochelle B S France

Program Leader OLC Europe

Main Contents

• Sustainable Energy Services & Targets

• Achieving Green Buildings Sustainability

• Commonality Of Smart And Green Sustainable Buildings Is The Target to move

towards Zero energy buildings

• Renewable Energy Resources In Ajman – UAE… How to Utilise?

• ACHIEVEMENTS AND SUGGESTED TARGETS

• Conclusion

FEWA (The Northern Emirates Region) Electricity Generation Compared with Consumption [GWh]

Expected To Be Doubled In Few YearsSustained Energy Efficiency Strategy

To Slow This Grow

Sustainable Energy Services & Targets

Energy services that meet

Economic needsSocial needsEnvironmental needs

• Providing

• Affordable

• Accessible

• Reliable

• Targets

• Low or zero emissions of CO2

• No necessary ecological harmful impacts

• Enhancing the security of the energy transit

• Reducing the cost of the energy production

• Improving the utilization of the green technologies

UAE Energy Targets

• 25%-30% Energy generated from clean energy by 2030, from nuclear and solar.

• 7% of total power generation from renewable sources by 2020.

• Estimated that savings greater than USD 3.7 billion could be achieved by hitting its renewables' target.

• The UAE wind-mapping project is about identifying the best locations for potential turbine sites. The Northern Emirates seems to have a good potential.

Sustainability Challenges Faces The Emirate of Ajman - UAE

Insuring the availability of

• Environmental sustainability

• Clean Sustainable Energy

• Protecting natural resources such as soil, water and air.

• Seven themes:• Air• Water• Biodiversity (e.g. Enhancing the ecological value of

its parks and gardens)• Land• Coastal zone• Built environment• Waste.

Sustainable

Buildings

Sustainable Buildings

Sources: www.green.va.govwww.3.bp.blogspot.com

• Climate change

• Indoor comfort

• Importantly, human factors

• Move towards protecting the

environment.

• To pursue a balance among economic,

social, and environmental performance in

implementing construction projects with:• High economic significance• Strong environmental performance• Strong social impacts

Designed for modern challenges

Green Sustainable Buildingsgo-green.ae

Achieving Green Buildings Sustainability

To maximise sustainability in a green building design, strategies are required:

resource use

energy use

emissions

renewables

occupants

local community

transport

waste and recycling

strategy

Smart - Green - SustainableBuildings

linktv.org

Smart Buildings

• Controlled by a computerised network of electronic sensors and controls to monitor and operate mechanical and lighting systems.

• A building automation system (BAS) links sensors and controllers on each floor to a master controller

• Building engineering teams are then kept informed through automated reports.

• Using Intelligent systems to achieve optimization of

Structure, Systems, Services and Management

and the interrelationships between them.

exchangecommunications.co.uk

Commonality Of Smart And Green Sustainable Buildings Is The Target

Sustainable sitesWater Efficiency

Energy and atmosphere

Materials and Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Innovation and Design process

GREEN BUILDINGS

Data Network

Video Distribution

A/V Surveillance

Access Control

HVAC Control

Power Mgm

Programmable Lighting

Cabling Infrastructure

Wireless Systems

SMART BUILDINGS

Optimize Energy Performance

Additional Commissioning Measurement and Verification

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring

Controllability of Systems

Thermal Comfort: Permanent Monitoring System

Innovation in Design

Source: automatedbuildings

Efficient systems by merging the Developments Of Yesterday with the Technologies Of Today.For Future energy we need to integrate and smartize operations with remote management

Sustainable Green and Smart Buildings is the move towards Zero energy buildings

• A net zero-energy building (ZEB) is with greatly reduced energy needs

• The balance of energy needs can be supplied with energy generated locally from renewable technologies.

• Solar and wind are key factors in addition to other sustainable energy sources including the waste-to-energy sources.

• Best strategy for is to gain Sustainable Community through:• Sustainable Designs

• Sustainable Planning

• Changing Behaviours

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE, SMART, GREEN

BUILDINGS:

Potential of Renewable

Energy Resources In

Ajman - UAE

Renewable Energy Sources In Ajman - UAE

wind

Wave

BiomassTidal

Solar

Waste-to-Energy

?

Renewables Investment by Sector In the MENA Region

114 (-41%)80 (38%)

8 (5%)

5 (-26%)

5 (-28%)

3 (-1%)

0.1 (-20%)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Solar

Wind

Biomass & waste

Biofuels

Small Hydro

Geothermal

Marine Solar and Wind can be

seen having the major

investment momentum

wind

SolarKey Renewable Energy Resources Ready For Utilization

in Buildings

inform.kz

Solar Energy

Potential

Ajman - UAE

Solar Energy Potential - Ajman

solargis.com

• High direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)

• High Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation (DHI)

Global Horizontal (GHI) = Direct Normal (DNI) X cos(θ) +

Diffuse Horizontal (DHI)

• Resulting in high Global Horizontal

Irradiation (GHI)

where θ is the solar zenith angle (vertically above the

location is 0°, horizontal is 90°).

(GHI) 2159 KWh/m2 per year

Solar Energy Potential - Ajman

• (DNI) is required for the Concentrated Solar Plant collectors (CSP)

• (DNI & DHI) for solar photovoltaic (PV) collectors, for electricity generation.

• Annual sum DNI (>1900 kW h/m2 )

• Annual sum of GHI (> 2159 kW h/m2 )

How can this be utilized in sustainable economical way

masdar.aeUnlimited energy potential available for investment!!

Small Size Projects investments

• Analysis for the suitable SolarSystems shows projects as small as100KW-500KW will payback theinvestment in less than 4 years andthe owners can have electricity atvery low rates for the next 22 years.

• These systems can be synchronized with DG sets to offer uninterrupted power supply throughout the year. solarenergypanels.in

Challenges to Utilization of Solar Energy

Reduce solar collectors’ efficiency

cthru.org.uk

Renewables still struggling to compete economically with fossil fuel

http://large.stanford.edu

• High Temperature• Dust

• The normal cost of solar PV modules fell by almost 80% between 2009 and 2014

• Cost

Overcoming Cooling Challenge

• Cooling load is the highest of energy demand.

• 25 different combinations of solar energy collection and cooling technologies were investigated.

• Most economically viable combination• Running vapour compression chillers by thin film PV modules

• fresnel concentrators

• Other developed system may also be considered.

Ssembatya, M., et al. (2014

Mokri, A., et al. (2013

Solar Thermal (Non-photovoltaic) Solar System (Heating – Cooling) - University of Florence

Possible system for buildings

• Produces thermal energy through a solar energy concentration system.

• Supply an absorption refrigeration unit for the summer air conditioning

misericordiadibadia.it

Optimizing the building envelope efficiency &Reducing Energy Demand for Cooling

• Insulation

• Air-tightness

• Optimized glazing and new glass materials

Allowing passive use of solar

gains in cold climates

Vojislav Novakovic (Vojislav.Novakovic@ntnu.no)

OR limiting solar impact

in hot climates.

Converting All Garages’ Shades

Wind Energy Potential inAjman

Key Drivers

• Secure power generation at night-time or through any unexpected climate change periods.

• Wind turbine normal costs dropped by more than 37% between 2009 and 2016.

• By 2025, average electricity costs generated by the sun and wind could drop by as much as 59% in UAE. International Renewable Energy Agency (Irena)

• UAE desalination cheaper with wind (recent study by Masdar 2017)

rameznaam.com/tag/economics/

windpowermonthly

Near Shore Wind Energy Potential

Annual Mean wind speed for the specified time range

• Mean average 5-6 m/s (Storms to reach higher speeds)

• Capacity factor 22%• Technology 100KW-500KW• capital cost 1500 (USD/kW) • O&M cost 60 (USD/kW/yr)

https://recrema.masdar.ac.ae/

Onshore Wind Energy Potential

• Mean average 5-5.5 m/s (Storms to reach higher speeds)

• Capacity factor 19%• Technology 100KW-500KW• capital cost 1500 (USD/kW) • O&M cost 60 (USD/kW/yr)

https://recrema.masdar.ac.ae/

Wind Energy Potential Facts In Ajman

• Possible wind speeds > 5 m/s is monitored onshore, exceed 7.0m/s

near-shore and as high as 13 m/s in some seasons.

• Wind power generation could be a possibility if the energy towers

are strategically located in relation to the highest wind catchment

point.

• Possible energy utilization from the wind at a height of 80 m, to

achieve a full load (i.e. capacity factor of 13.4%)

• Wind turbines with a low turning moment and characterized with a

low cut-in wind speed can be “wisely” implemented.

• Pumping water for irrigation is an option

Wind Energy Possible Implementations

• Turbines suitable for Implementation are

between (1kW – 500kW) (micro –

medium size)

• Predicted power (29 MWh – 3307 MWh)

annually for Horizontal and vertical axis

turbines power output (3.5 kW - 500 kW )

• Onshore, Costal area and Buildings

Rooftop.

• Street Lighting

climatetechwiki

Wind Power Desalination

• Possible desalination units:• Electro Dialysis (ED)• Reverse Osmosis (RO)• Mechanical Vapour Compression

(MVC)

• Best option is seawater desalination, especially in coastal areas with high wind potential

Gude, V. G. (2015).

Malek, P., et al. (2016).

energyprofessionalsymposium

Case Study For a Self powered Pilot Project - Solar install – 60KW-250KW System

• Selected building

• Should produce 175,000 KWh per year based on irradiation figures of 1900 KWh per KW installed.

• Rooftop and wall mounted

• Vertical axis wind turbines

30 KW capacity

Adding energy saving and performance materials, Insulations.

http://www.solarpv.co.uk/solar-pv-facades.html

Solar PV - Solar PV Facades - Rainscreen Cladding

Technology

Ajman Achieved 10% Saving in Electricity and Water consumption with 45% decrease in Maintenance Over the last Three years

• NEW or REFURBISHED buildings to self generate 10% of its Electrical

Consumption from Renewables ((Solar & Wind)

2018-2020

http://www.emaratalyoum.com/local-section/other/2013-12-21-1.633701

2016 -2018

Achievements and Suggested Targets

This is equivalent to approximate 35MW added could result reduction in the

use of diesel generators

• To achieve 20% Saving in Electricity and Water consumption

210 solar lighting poles in Ajman gardens and public Parks

• Municipality and Planning Department in Ajman completed the installation of 210 solar lighting poles

http://www.alittihad.ae/details.php?id=1148&y=2018

New Ajman school to run exclusively on solar power

• Fully powered by solar panels

• 2,000 solar panels in the first phase

• About 600 air conditioners, 20 centralised 40-tonne

air conditioner units, 1,800 LED lights, 125 computers

and 150 smart boards in the school will function with

solar power,

• The structure, which has over 20 classrooms, uses up

to 180 kilowatts of electricity which is supplied by

solar panels.

• Abu Dhabi green building code, (Etisdama)khaleejtimes.com

dubai92.com

Conclusions & Recommendations• Continue to save energy to reach 20%

• Start a policy on new and refurbished buildings to generate 10% of their consumption from solar and wind resources.

• Solar energy has great potential and tops in the list of renewable energies available at commercial level for availability on large areas of the surface of the earth

• Continues public awareness to assure energy saving through energy efficiency applications. (green, smart, Sustainable)

• Achieve a Green Building Certificate for energy efficiency for all city buildings.

• Eco-building materials have a great impact on the green building achievement.

• Cultural acceptance must be created through public awareness and education campaigns.

• Energy Performance Certification for buildings.