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Technology In ActionTechnology In Action

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Technology In ActionTechnology In Action

Chapter 5Chapter 5

Using System Software: Using System Software:

The Operating System, Utility Programs, The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Managementand File Management

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TopicsTopics

System softwareSystem software Operating systems (OS):Operating systems (OS):

• Kinds of systems Kinds of systems • Common desktop systemsCommon desktop systems• User interactionUser interaction• How the OS manages the processorHow the OS manages the processor• How the OS manages memoryHow the OS manages memory

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TopicsTopics

Operating systems:Operating systems:• How the OS manages hardwareHow the OS manages hardware• How the OS manages interacts with How the OS manages interacts with

application softwareapplication software• How the OS helps to start the computerHow the OS helps to start the computer• How the OS helps you keep the How the OS helps you keep the

computer organizedcomputer organized Desktop and windows featuresDesktop and windows features Utility programsUtility programs

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System SoftwareSystem Software

Operating systemsOperating systems Control computer Control computer

functions:functions:• Hardware Hardware • Memory Memory • Application programsApplication programs• System maintenanceSystem maintenance

Provide user interfaceProvide user interface

System utilitiesSystem utilities Programs that perform Programs that perform

computer computer housekeeping tasks:housekeeping tasks:• Manage system Manage system

resourcesresources• Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency• Virus preventionVirus prevention

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Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories

Four categories:Four categories:• Real-Time (RTOS)Real-Time (RTOS)

No user interaction requiredNo user interaction required

• Single-User, Single-TaskSingle-User, Single-Task• Single-User, MultitaskSingle-User, Multitask• MultiuserMultiuser

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Real-Time Operating SystemsReal-Time Operating Systems

Built into devices, Built into devices, not usually sold not usually sold separatelyseparately

Uses include:Uses include:• Industrial machinesIndustrial machines• Robotic equipmentRobotic equipment• AutomobilesAutomobiles• Video game Video game

consolesconsoles• Home appliancesHome appliances

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Single-User Operating SystemsSingle-User Operating Systems

Single-task systemsSingle-task systems Perform one task at a timePerform one task at a time PDAs (Personal Digital PDAs (Personal Digital

Assistants):Assistants):• Pocket PCPocket PC• Palm OSPalm OS• Windows MobileWindows Mobile

MS-DOSMS-DOS

Multitask systemsMultitask systems Perform simultaneous Perform simultaneous

taskstasks WindowsWindows MAC OSMAC OS LinuxLinux

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Multiuser Operating Systems Multiuser Operating Systems

Known as network operating systemsKnown as network operating systems Allow access to the computer system by Allow access to the computer system by

more than one usermore than one user Manage user requestsManage user requests Systems include:Systems include:

• UNIXUNIX• LinuxLinux• Novell NetwareNovell Netware• Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2003

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Desktop Operating SystemsDesktop Operating Systems

Operating system combined with the Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platformprocessor is known as a platform• Microsoft Windows / IntelMicrosoft Windows / Intel• Apple Macintosh / Motorola in older versionsApple Macintosh / Motorola in older versions• Now Apple also uses the Intel processorNow Apple also uses the Intel processor

Desktop operating systems include:Desktop operating systems include:• Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows• MAC OSMAC OS• UNIXUNIX• LinuxLinux

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Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows Market leader – 90% market shareMarket leader – 90% market share

Click to view the various Windows systemsClick to view the various Windows systems

Windows XP (2001)

Offers a new multi-user desktop as well as improved digital media features andInternet capabilities.

Windows ME (2000)

This upgrade to Windows 95 and Windows 98 includes system backup andmultimedia capabilities (such as Media Player).

Windows 2000

(2000)

This upgrade to Windows NT offers improvements to file security and Internet support.

Windows 98 (1998)

This upgrade includes additional file protection and incorporatesInternet Explorer 4.0, a customizable taskbar, and desktop features

Windows 95

(1995)

This operating system runs fasterand more efficiently, introduces Plug and Play capabilities, long file names, short-cutright-click menus, and a cleaner desktop.

Windows NT (1993)

Fundamentally different operating system with increased security, power,performance, and multitasking scheduler.

Windows 3.x

(1990-1992)

First widely used PC graphical user interface (GUI) operating system. Improvedpoint-and-click mouse operations and multitasking capabilities.

Windows 2.0

(1987)

Includes better graphics capabilities and introduces keyboard shortcuts andthe ability to overlap windows.

Windows 1.0

(1985)

Introduces point-and-click commands with a mouse and includes modestmultitasking capabilities and desktop applications.

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Windows VistaWindows Vista Introduced in 2007Introduced in 2007

Versions Description

Windows XP Comparable

Version

Windows Vista Home Basic Low-level, budget home users. Windows XP Home Edition

Windows Vista Home PremiumCombines media features of to support advanced home

media uses such as HDTV and DVD authoring.

Windows XP Home Edition with features from Windows XP Media Center Edition

Windows Vista Business

As its name implies, this version is aimed at the business market. Similar to Windows XP Professional, this version has added support for networking capabilities. This product comes bundled with a new version of Internet Information Services (IIS), the most widely used Web server for corporate Web sites. Windows XP Professional

Windows Vista Enterprise

This edition is aimed at the enterprise segment of the business market and is not be available through retail stores or OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers). It comes with Microsoft Virtual PC, which enables it to run on any platform, and has a multilingual user interface.  

Windows Vista Ultimate

This is the “ultimate” operating system for high-end PC users, gamers, multimedia professionals, and PC enthusiasts. Vista Ultimate comes with RSS (Real-time Simple Syndication) support for easy access to podcasts and weblogs, a game performance tweaker, DVD ripping capabilities, and other online capabilities for downloading media.  

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MAC OSMAC OS First operating system with point-and-click First operating system with point-and-click

technology (Graphical User Interface)technology (Graphical User Interface) Excellent in:Excellent in:

• Graphics displayGraphics display• Processing capabilitiesProcessing capabilities• System reliabilitySystem reliability• Document recoveryDocument recovery

Fewer software applicationsFewer software applications

MAC OS X

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UNIXUNIX

Multiuser, multitask operating Multiuser, multitask operating systemsystem

Used primarily with mainframesUsed primarily with mainframes

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LinuxLinux

Open-source Open-source operating system operating system

Based on UNIXBased on UNIX Stable systemStable system FreeFree May be downloaded May be downloaded

through the Internetthrough the Internet

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What the Operating System DoesWhat the Operating System Does

Provides user Provides user interfaceinterface

Manages the CPUManages the CPU Manages memoryManages memory Manages hardwareManages hardware Coordinates Coordinates

application application software with the software with the CPUCPU

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The User InterfaceThe User Interface

Enables you to Enables you to interact with the interact with the computercomputer

Types of Types of interfaces:interfaces:• Command-driven Command-driven

interfaceinterface• Menu-driven Menu-driven

interfaceinterface• Graphical user Graphical user

interfaceinterface

Command-driven

Menu-driven

Graphical

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Process 4th

Process 3rd

Process 2nd

Process 1st

Processor ManagementProcessor Management

Controls the timing of events the Controls the timing of events the processor works onprocessor works on• InterruptsInterrupts• Interrupt handlerInterrupt handler• Interrupt tableInterrupt table• Stack Stack

REQUEST

Operating

System

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Memory ManagementMemory Management

The operating system allocates The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and space in RAM for instructions and datadata

RAM

Operating

System

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Virtual MemoryVirtual Memory

Instructions and data are stored on Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is fullthe hard drive when RAM is full• Swap fileSwap file• Paging Paging • Thrashing Thrashing

Operating

System

FULL

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Hardware ManagementHardware Management

Device drivers:Device drivers:• Programs that enable Programs that enable

the operating system to the operating system to communicate with communicate with peripheral devicesperipheral devices

• Provided by the Provided by the manufacturer of the manufacturer of the device device

Plug and Play:Plug and Play:• Hardware and software Hardware and software

standardstandard• Facilitates the Facilitates the

installation of new installation of new hardwarehardware

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Software Application CoordinationSoftware Application Coordination

Application programming interfaces Application programming interfaces (APIs):(APIs):• Blocks of code contained in the Blocks of code contained in the

operating systemoperating system• Coordinates the operating system with Coordinates the operating system with

software applicationssoftware applications Similar toolbars and menusSimilar toolbars and menus

• Microsoft Direct XMicrosoft Direct X

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Starting the ComputerStarting the Computer

The Boot ProcessThe Boot Process

Step 1:Step 1: The basic The basic input/output system (BIOS) is input/output system (BIOS) is activatedactivated

Step 2:Step 2: A Power-on self-test A Power-on self-test (POST) checks attached (POST) checks attached hardwarehardware

Step 3:Step 3: The operating The operating system loads into memorysystem loads into memory

Step 4:Step 4: Configuration and Configuration and customization settings are customization settings are checkedchecked

1

2

3

4

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Handling Errors in the Handling Errors in the Boot ProcessBoot Process

Non-system disk or disk Non-system disk or disk errorerror• Remove the floppy from Remove the floppy from

the drive and press any the drive and press any keykey

POST errorsPOST errors• Single beep: Everything is Single beep: Everything is

loading properlyloading properly• Series of beeps: Hardware Series of beeps: Hardware

problemproblem Safe modeSafe mode

• Windows does not boot Windows does not boot properlyproperly

• Uninstall any new devices Uninstall any new devices or softwareor software

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The DesktopThe Desktop

Desktop Desktop features:features:• Shortcut iconsShortcut icons• My DocumentsMy Documents• Start buttonStart button• Quick launchQuick launch• Open programsOpen programs• TaskbarTaskbar• System traySystem tray• toolbartoolbar

SHORTCUT ICONSA

B

C

D

E G H

I

_______________

MY DOCUMENTS

MY COMPUTER

START BUTTON

QUICK LAUNCH

TASKBAR SYSTEM TRAY

TOOLBAR

____________

____________

____________

____________

_________ ___________

_________

F

OPEN PROGRAMS__________________

Click to view Desktop features

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G

PINNED ITEMS LIST_______________

Start MenuStart MenuAUSER NAME

ALL PROGRAMSBUTTON

SPECIAL FOLDERSSYSTEM AREAHELPMOST FREQUENTLY

USED LIST

USER LOG OFF

SHUT DOWN/RESTART

F

E

D

C

B

_____________

___________

_______________

____________

_____________________________________________

_______________

Click to view Start menu features

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Window Window A

B

C

D

E

F

G

SCROLLBARS

STATUS BAR

VIEW OPTIONS

TOOLBARS

MENU BAR

TITLE BAR

SIZING BUTTONS

__________

__________

__________

______________

____________

____________

_______________

Click to view Window features

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File ManagementFile Management

The operating system provides an The operating system provides an organizational structure to the organizational structure to the computer’s contentscomputer’s contents

Hierarchical structure of directories:Hierarchical structure of directories:• DrivesDrives

FoldersFoldersSubfoldersSubfolders

FilesFiles

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Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders

Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer ViewsViews

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Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders

Windows Windows ExplorerExplorer• Detail Detail

ViewView• Sorted Sorted

and and groupedgrouped

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Naming FilesNaming Files

Filename:Filename:• Name assigned plus Name assigned plus

filename extensionfilename extension only characters not only characters not

legal in filenames legal in filenames are: are: \   ⁄   :   *   ?   " \   ⁄   :   *   ?   "   <   >   ¦  <   >   ¦

all others are all others are allowedallowed

Bioreport.doc

or

Bio report.doc

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Filename ExtensionsFilename Extensions

Filename Filename extensions:extensions:• Used by Used by

programsprograms

ExtensioExtension n

Type of Type of DocumentDocument

Application Application

.doc.doc Word processing Word processing documentdocument

Microsoft Word; Microsoft Word; Corel Corel WordPerfectWordPerfect

.xls.xls WorkbookWorkbook Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel

.ppt.ppt PowerPoint PowerPoint presentationpresentation

Microsoft Microsoft PowerPointPowerPoint

.mdb.mdb DatabaseDatabase Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Access

.bmp.bmp Bitmap imageBitmap image WindowsWindows

.zip.zip Compressed fileCompressed file WinZipWinZip

.pdf.pdf Portable Portable Document Document FormatFormat

Adobe AcrobatAdobe Acrobat

.htm .htm or .htmlor .html

Web pageWeb page Hypertext Hypertext Markup Markup LanguageLanguage

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File pathFile path

File pathFile path• Location of the fileLocation of the file

C: Tech in Action\TIA Pics\\My Documents\ dotmatrix.gif

Drive Primary folder

Subfolders Filename

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Working with FilesWorking with Files

File management File management actions:actions:• OpenOpen• CopyCopy• MoveMove• RenameRename• DeleteDelete

Recycle binRecycle binSaving files

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Utility ProgramsUtility Programs

Small application programs that Small application programs that perform special functions:perform special functions:• Manage system Manage system

resourcesresources• Create a pleasant Create a pleasant

environmentenvironment• Improve efficiencyImprove efficiency

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Display UtilitiesDisplay Utilities

Change the appearance of:Change the appearance of:• DesktopDesktop• Windows colorsWindows colors• Font sizesFont sizes• Screen saversScreen savers• Screen resolutionScreen resolution

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Add or Remove ProgramsAdd or Remove Programs Installation wizardInstallation wizard Uninstall wizard:Uninstall wizard:

• Do not just delete program files to Do not just delete program files to remove programsremove programs

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System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities

Disk cleanupDisk cleanup• Deletes Deletes

unnecessary filesunnecessary files

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System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities

Disk defragmenterDisk defragmenter• Tidies up a disk to Tidies up a disk to

make it run fastermake it run faster ScanDisk:ScanDisk:

• Error-checkerError-checker

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System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities

Task managerTask manager• Allows you to see Allows you to see

and control the and control the processes on your processes on your machinemachine

• Can be used to find Can be used to find spywarespyware

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System RestoreSystem Restore

System System Restore:Restore:• Restores the Restores the

system settings system settings back to a back to a specific datespecific date

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System BackupSystem Backup

Backup:Backup:• Creates a copy of Creates a copy of

the hard drive to the hard drive to another storage another storage devicedevice

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Accessibility UtilitiesAccessibility Utilities

Utility manager:Utility manager:• Magnify screen Magnify screen

imageimage• Screen contents Screen contents

narrationnarration• On-screen keyboardOn-screen keyboard