technological enviornment

7/28/2019 Technological Enviornment

1/28


2/28


3/28

Technology refers to the application of

knowledge, skills, principle, idea, events to

improvement of goods and service that have

utility and value.

Technology lies at the heart of economic

development and human progress,improvement, faster production and ultimately

improve productivity and growth.

TECHNOLOGICAL

ENVIRONMENT


4/28

Components of Technology

Input

Semi finished products and goods.

Output Produced resources.

Production Activity

The mode of converting inputs into outputs.Technology

The transformer and the core of the

transformation facility.


5/28

Characteristics of Technology

It involves a particular set of elements for the

production of a given service or commodity.

Technology is a dynamic phenomenon that

changes over time to develop new methods ofproduction.

It needs to be continually improved.


6/28

Determinants of technological

environment Infrastructure in technological education,

training and research.

Quality of human resource in terms of

research aptitude spirit and enterprise. Incentives and facilities for research and

development.

Access to foreign technology. Effectiveness of patent, copyright and other

laws for protection of intellectual property.


7/28

Research and development in

INDIA


8/28

In currently spends about 0.8% of GDPon research and development and thescience and technology policy(2003)has rise

2.0% in the year 2007. In India there areseveral incentives provided.

1.Income tax relief on RD expenditure.

2.Weighted tax reduction for sponsoredresearch programme.

3 Direct financial support to R and D project.


9/28

INDIAN TECHNOLOGICAL

ENVIRONMENT

Institutional environment

oICSR-Indian Council of Scientific Research.

oDST-Department of Scientific and Technology.

o ICMR-Indian Council for Medical Research.


10/28

4. Exception from the payment custom

duty on goods imported for the use in govt.funds for R and D projects.

5.Provision of accelerated depreciation

allowance on plant and machinerydeveloped technology.


11/28

Management of technology

Technology is a high risk costly uncertain

activity.

To achieve break through which have

social significants and profit potential for

the originater increasingly larger

investment in research must be made.

To obtain cost discovery effectiveness and

justify research and development

expenditures firms need potentially high

pay off.


12/28

A risk of the product being duplicated or

closed imitated


13/28

Constraints of technological

growthPollution of biosphere.

Traditional social institutions and values.

Industrial resource base.


14/28

Pollution:

o Pollution is an unavailable consequence of

industrial production. Smoke, smell and dustare generated by industrial establishments.

oHarmful chemicals

o

Industrial pollutions etc. becomes a threat.

Industrial resource base

o Industrial resource base comprises minerals,

different forms of energy, water supplies, skilled

labor force and human knowledge

oThere is limit to the availability of these and this

limitation checks the advancement of technology.


15/28

Social Institutions

oA third factor limiting technology is social

values and institutions that may beinconsistent with the fact productive potential

that is present in technology.

oMany societies, perhaps most of those that

adopt modern technology,, encounters similarless chamatic problems in arriving at a

decision between their traditional social

institutions and the new trends of

technological development.


16/28

Sources of technologicaldynamics


17/28

Meaning

Technological change may be

INTERNAL or EXTERNAL


18/28

Innovative

dynamics of

the company

Customer

needs/expectations

Social forces substitutes

Innovations by

research

organizations

Goverent policy

Demand

conditionsSupplier's forces

Competitive

dynamics


19/28

Factors

1)Innovative drive policy.

Technology as a driving force ofcompetitiveness and development of a

company.

Great important to R & D.Eg : Ranbaxy


20/28

2)Customer needs.

Customer is the king.

We must consider their needs

expectations


21/28

3)Demand conditions.

Customer demand influence the

technology.

Customer Demand on size, colour,

quality, price.

The world must be in a fast growing

trend.


22/28

4)Suppliers offerings

Technological changes are encouraged by

suppliers of a company.

Like capital goods and other technology

suppliers.

Eg: construction of engineering firms.


23/28

5)Competitive dynamics.

Competition compels the adoption of the

best technology.Eg: Japanese companies.

Absence of or lack of competition was a

major reason for technologicalbackwardness.

Eg: India


24/28

6)Substitutes.

Substitutes is a compelling reason for

technological change.

It is a function of the relative value to price

of competing products and switching cost

associated with changing between them.

Technological change create new product

use that substitute for others.

eg: fiberglass for plastic or wood.


25/28

7)Social forces.

Environmental pollution or other ecological

problems.

Demand or preference for eco-friendly

products.Eg: Japan


26/28

8)Research organizations

/Technological facilities.Technological environment of the business

enriched by research organizations.

Like Council for Scientific Research(ICSR)Central Food Technological Research

Institute

(CFTRI)Eg:Amul


27/28

9)Government policy.

Govt policy important factor for

technological change.Some countries give preference for

labour.eg: Kerala, keralites fight against

computerization.Some times govt adopt foreign

technology.


28/28

THANK U

technological enviornment

Documents