AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF USA GYMNASTICS

Inside

February 1996 Vol. 16, #2

Women IS Gymnastics A History: Volume 1-1966 To 1974

Keeping Up In The World Of Sport Sciences

1996 Congress

1997 FIG Code Of Points Summary

USA Gymnastics-1996 Budget

Handstand To Stutzkehre: The Relationship Between The Anatomical And Mechanical

The Symbolic Legacy Of American Gymnastics

Starting A Mobile Gymnastics Business From Scratch

Gymnaestrada-A Gym Owner And Coach IS Perspective

([filA GYMNASTICS

T296

USA GYMNASTICS

L--1_I_HL_ET_E_'S_C_OO_K_BO_O_K-----IIIL--_NE_W_V_ID_E_Ot_1_PE_S-------J USA Gymnastics and editor Michelle Dusserre, R.D., have

recently completed a book entitled, Athlete's Cookbook, published by Masters Press. This book has excellent information on meeting basic nutritional guidelines for athletes, understanding your nu­tritional needs, getting proper nutrition on the road, learning about and dealing with eating disorders, preparing great-tasting recipes and much, much more.

#2377 $16.95

#2375 $16.95

1995 National GymFest, Carmel, Indiana - (1:23) Footage of all individual group performances, plus the USA Rhythmic Group National Team, footage of practices, and the rehearsal for the Finale. This tape includes two music videos.

1995 Rhythmic Challenge - (2:00) This competition also served as the Pan American Games Trials. See Pan Am medalists Jessica Davis and Tamara Levinson as they prepared for the Games. Also see National Team members challenging to improve their 1995 ranking. The chapters include:

Nutrition Basics For Backflips

Building a Pyramid to Nutrition Success

Road Trip Nutrition

How To Win While Losing

Recipe categories are:

Breakfast: Great Ways to Start Your Day

Side Dishes: The Support­ing Cast

Pastas, Pizza and More

Meat and Poultry: Protein Perfection

Desserts: The Perfect Dis­mount

This book is available through the USA Gymnastics Locker room.

#3647 $14.95

Item # Size Description

SUBTOTAL

Quantity

SHIPPING & HANDLING: ORO[RSSIIANOUIIO[RAOOI4, IIS.0l ·IIOAOOII, 110.01 ·1100 AOO 16 OVER 1100.01 AOO 19

INDIANA RESIDENTS ADD S% SALES TAX

Price

TOTAL AMOUNT PAYABLE

Totol

#2376 $16.95

#2456 $16.95

#2501

$15.95

#2500

$24.95

#2502

$16.95

#2503

$16.95

1995 Junior Olympic Group Championships - (2:00) This second annual event was held in San Francisco, CA. The video includes Round 2 of Day 1 and Day 2 Finals competition. Catch the exci tement of rhythmic gymnastics group action in its developmental stage.

"A Day in the Gym" Video Series - Tape #1 - (2:00) Level 6 off-season workout. Arizona Sunrays, Phoenix, AZ.

1995 U.S. National Championships - Men's Team 2000 Competition - (2:00) Features: All competi tors. Hand-held footage from the stands. Blurry and choppy in places.

1995 U.S. National Championships - Men's Competition (2:00) - three tapes Tape 1: Compulsory Competition - (2:00) All competitors. Hand-held footage from the stands. Blurry and choppy in places. (2:00)

Tape 2: Optional Competition -Tape 3: Optional Competition and Event Finals (2:00)

1995 IBM Atlanta Gymnastics Invitational -Men's Competition (1:30) These are the " technical" videotapes. See top international per­formers in this " test-event" for the 1996 Olympic Games.

1995 IBM Atlanta Gymnastics Invitational -Women's Competition (1:30) These are the" teclmical" videotapes. See top international per­formers in this "test-event" for the 1996 Olympic Games.

To order ony of these books, or other educotionol moteriols ond videos presented in this issue, pleose complete this order form.

USA Gymnastics Locker room Order Form Name __________________________________________________ ___

Address ________________________ ___

City _______________________ _

State Zip _______ __ Phone ________ _

Charge: 0 MasterCard 0 VISA 0 Discover 0 AmEx Exp. Date: __ _

Card # _______________________ _

Signature: _______________________________________________ _

Send orders and make checks payable to: USA Gymnastics, Locker room Dept., PO Box 5562, Indianapolis, IN 46255-5562 • /-800-4-USA-GYM

publisher

Editor

Designer

Men' s Program Director

Women's Pragram Director

Rhythmic Program Director

Kathy Scanlan

Steve Whitlock

Cindy L. Reed

Ron Gal imore

Kathy Kelly

Nora Campbell

USA GYMNASTICS BOARD OF DIRECTORS Choir: Sandy Knapp; President: KOlhyScanlon; President Emeri· tus: Mike Donohue; Amateur Athletic Union: Mike Sionner; American Sokol Organization: Jerry Milan; USA Trampoline & Tumbling: Wayne Downing; American Turners: Betty Heppner; Jewish Community Centers: Lori Kalz; Collegiale Gymnastics Association: M Roy Johnson; National Association of Colle· giale Gymnastics (oaches for Women: Gail Davis; National Association for Girls and Women in Sport: Dr. Mimi Mu rray; National Association of Women' 5 Gymnastics Judges: Yvonne Hodge; Notional (ollegiote Athletic Association: Chri, Voelz, lou Burkel; National Federation of State High School Associa· tions: Suson True; National Gymnastics Judges Association: Harry Bjerke; National High School Gymnastics Cooches Asso· ciotion: John BrinkwMh; Special Olympics, Inc,: Kole Fober· Hickie; U.S. Rhythmic Gymnastics Ca"hes Association: Suzie DITullio; U.S, Association of Independent Gym Clubs: lonce Crowley; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Men's Gymnas' tics: Peler Kormann; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Women' 5

Gymnastics: Tony Gehman, Roe Kreulzer; U.S. Men's Gymnas­tics (ooches Association: More Yancey; U.S. Sports Anobatin Federation: Bonnie Davidson; Young Men's Christian Associa­'\on of the USA: Rick Dodson; USA Gymnastics Nationol

mbership Directors: Men's: Jim Holl, Ray Gura; Women's: , io Thompson·Arelz, Mark Weber; Rhythmic:Allo Svirsky, UleAI!·

Carberry Athlete's Advisory Committee: Koryn lyon Glover, choir; (hris Woller, vice choir; Tonyo Service Choplin, ,ec; Wendy Hilliard, Koryn lyon Glover, PelerVidmar, Conrad Voorsonger, Kri'len KenoyerWoodlond, Kim Zmeskol; USOC Athlete Representative: Michelle Du,serre·Forreli.

USA GYMNASTICS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Chair: Sondy Knopp; Special Advisor to the Chairman of the Board: Roe Kreulzer; President: KOlhy Sconlon; Secretary: Mike Milidoni,; Vice Chair Women: Hanry Marsholl; Vice Choir Men: Tim Doggell; Vice Chair Rhythmic: Candoce Feinberg; FIG Women' s Technical Committee: Jockie Fie; FIG Rhythmic Technical Committee: Andreo Schmid·Shopiro; fiG Men' s Tech· nical Committee: Bill Roelzheim; At large Members: Jim Harlung, Joon Moore·Gnol; Athlete Diredors: Tonyo Service (hoplin, Karyn lyon Glover, Peler Vidmar; USOC Athlete Representative: Michelle Dusserre·Farrell; President Emeritus: Mike Donohue.

Unless expressly idenlified 10 the conlrary, all orlicles, ,Iole· menls ond views prinled herein are ollribuled solely 10 the oUlhor ond USA Gymnoslies expresses no opinion and ollumes no responsibili ty Ihereof.

CH ANGEOF ADOREIIAND IUBICRIPTIO N INQUIRIES: In order 10 ensure uninlerrupled delivery 01 TECHNIQUE mogozine, nolice 01 change 01 address ,hould be mode six 10 eight weeks in odvome. For 10,lesl service, pleo .. enciOle your presenl moiling label. Direcl 011 subscriplion moil 10 TECHNIQUE Subscriplions, 1036 N. Copilol, Suile E·235, Indionopolis, IN 46204.

TECHNIQUE UIIN 07~B·5999 9 ) is published 10 li mes per year by USA Gymnoslies, Pon Americon PIOlO, 201 I. Copilol Ave ., luile 300, Indionopolis, IN 462251phone: 317-237-5050). Third closs pOlloge paid ol lndionopo lis, It I. lubmip· lioo prices: 125.00 per yeor in Uniled Iioles; al l olher lunlries 14B.00 per year. If ovoiloble, bo ck illue single

.opies 14.00 plus pOlloge/ hondling. All reosonoble core will be loken, bUI no responsibilily con be ossumed lor unsoliciled moleriol; enclose relurn posloge. Copyright 1996 by UIA Gymno' lies and TECHNIQUE. All rig his reserved. Prinled by Iporl Grophies, Indionopolis, IN.

Contents Book Review Women 's Gymnastics: A History: Volume 1- 1966 To 1974 101 Ways To Increase Class Enrollment & Club Profitability

Announcements Rhythmic Competition Bids Rhythmic Junior Olympic Group Compulsory Workshop Rhythmic Junior Olympic Group Championships Women's Technical Clarifications

Sports Science Keeping Up In The World Of Sport Sciences

1996 Congress 1996 Congress & Olympic Trials 1996 Olympic Trials Schedule 1996 Pre·Registration Form 1996 Congress Add-Ons Registration Form

Men's Gymnastics 1997 FIG Code Of Points Summary

Administration USA Gymnastics-1996 Budget

Biomechanics Handstand To Stutzkehre: The Relationship Between The Anatomical And Mechanical

History The Symbolic Legacy Of American Gymnastics

General Gymnastics Starting A Mobile Gymnastics Business From Scratch Gymnaestrada-A Gym Owner And Coach's Perspective USAG Jr. Olympic Vault Table (Revised January 1996) FIG Vault Table For Elite Competitions (Revised 1/96)

Women's Gymnastics Making Your Choice Of A College

Preschool Gymnastics Levell KAT Observation Form Levell KAT Workshops-Current Schedule KA T Registration Form

Board of Directors Helm 's Hall Of Fame Becomes USA Gymnastics Hall Of Fame Hall Of Fame Selection Committee Nomination Form

Women's Program Nominations For National Committee Chairs

~ USA GYMNASTICS CONGRESS --.- .- .-' 0 " 0 " . .. 0 ... ,~ ". II · 1 0

4 35

12 13 15 17

18

22

24

27

31 34

41 42

35

36

37 37

43 44

45

I

Book Review

WOMEN'S GYMNASTICS A HISTORY: VOLUME I -

d 1966 TO 1974 A 4 Minot Simons II

T his beautifully illus trated book is a celebration of the rich heritage of women's gymnas tics during the period 1966 to 1974, w hen the older gymnasts of former times gave way to a younger generation which brought with

them a new approach to the sport.

Firs t in a series of four volumes w hich w ill describe the history of women's gymnastics through 1996, Volume I contains 82 color an d 95 black and w hite photographs, a total of 177 pictures!

In its 432 p ages, Volume I covers the Mexico and Munich Olympics, the World and European Championships of the period and competitions such as the 1973 University Games.

USA Gymnastics asked author Minot Simons II to comment on h is motivation for writing and describe the scope and contents of the four volume series .

Simons' Comments I star ted w riting this book because I did not think the story of

women's gymnastics was being told as I thought it should be. If today's splendid gymnastics periodicals had been doing as well 20 years ago as they are now, I might never have s tarted. Still, there' s one thing they all suffer from-lack of space. There's never room for an in-depth s tory. They are so involved with their regular features that they have no room for the kind of detail I went into in Volume 1. It was wonderful to be able to w rite as much as I thought the story needed. After completing the 432 pages of Volume I, I was finally satisfied . Even so, m y wonderful designer, Valerie Taylor, would sometimes say, "No Minot, you just can ' t w rite an other word!"

Except Munich, the s tories in Volume I had never been w ri tten before. Glenn Sundby in his early days had neither the money nor the w riters to do the job on the 1968 Olympics . He did well in the 1972 Olympics w ith Dick Criley's detailed coverage, but could only give partial coverage to the 1970 World Championships in Ljubljana and had to miss the 1974 World Championships in Varna. Even though I a ttended the 1974 Championships, I did not know enough about gymnastics then to cover it p roperly. It took me several years observing workouts through the kindness of the Kips, the Scats, and Verdugo to learn the rudiments of the sport; then the hours spent in front of the TV transcribing ro utines honed my ability still further. Even so, I needed the help and corrections of my fr iend, Joanne Pasquale, well-known brevet judge, to offer a verifiable s tory.

Munich hooked me on women's gymnastics . Within three weeks of watching Olga and Ludmilla on television, I was enrolled in Russian at UCLA Ex tension . I have studied Russian at varying intensities of application since then. The main benefit of the s tudy has been the ability to read an d translate articles in Soviet publica-

tions. Without being able to do this, the biographies of Soviet gymnasts, for example, would not have been possible.

The biographies were one of my main interests, I wanted to pierce the veil of Soviet secrecy and learn about the person behind the gymnast. Fortunately, in the 20 years since Munich, much was wri tten in Soviet and now Russian periodicals, some of it by the gymnasts. In addition, I have found willing collaborators among Russian w riters.

The lives of gymnasts became more interesting w ith the pas­sage of time. Cathy Rigby McCoy and Karin Janz, are more interesting now than they were in 1972. Vera Caslavska's life since Mexico is a fascination in itself. It was also moving to read about the unhappy post-gymnastics lives of Zinaida Voronina and Tam ar! Lazakovich . '"

In w riting Women's Gymnas tics a history, I wanted the stories to be in such detail that people could turn to the various volumes, read the narratives and the rou tines, and find ou t w ho was there,

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Book Review

what they did and how well they did it. I followed this pattern for all the major competitions. While people were reading about the competitions, they could view the pictures and the diagrams. Then they could read the biographies of the stars. In short, I wanted to make it a book of record.

One other objective is that the books should always be available so that future gymnasts will be able to learn about their heritage. As Kathy Johnson observed in her endorsement of the book, "My belief is tha t to fully appreciate w h(;re we are, it is important to know whence we can1e."

Volume II will continue to fill the gaps in what has been reported so far. One such gap is the 1980 Moscow Olympics, w hich no one covered. I obtained a tape of the finals from Moscow TV and analyzed the routines as I have others. I translated the s tories from the newspaper Sovietsky Sport. I have already interviewed Bela Karolyi and Nelli Kim and will interview other gymnasts who where there. In addition, I will pay appropriate attention to those American gymnasts who were unable to compete in the 1980 Olympics.

Volume II will provide biographies of Nadia Comaneci and Nelli Kim, taking each of their stories from their earliest begin­nings up to the present. Many articles have been written about both of them, but Volume II will treat them in one condensed, coherent form, taking into consideration both their achievements and their personal lives.

Additionally, Volume IT will offer an opportunity to write about Marcia Frederick, om first world championship gold medalist, and about Rhonda Schwandt, w ho won the vault gold medal in the Moscow

Tews competition in the same year. Ensming that such great gymnasts ""ill not be forgotten is one of the rewarding aspects of this work.

In the same vein, Volume III will contain not only the story of the 1984 Olympics, but also that of the competition in Olomouc, Czechoslovakia, involving those countries that did not participate in the Los Angeles Olympics. Just as our gymnasts missed their chance for Olympic gold in 1980, so did Olga Mostepanova, Maxi Gnauck, and others from the socialist bloc countries in 1984. At least they should be honored in print.

I began my research in 1986, intending the work to be a single book. As it progressed, I realized it would be too big for one volume. Consequently, I divided it into four. The first volume would cover the period 1966 to 1974; the second, 1975 to 1980; the third, 1981 to 1988; and the fourth, 1989 to 1996. Since this decision was made only recently, much of the material for the subsequent volumes has already been written. Meanwhile, I contacted all the well-known publishers, but they turned it down as being either not in their field of interest or as p art of a market they considered too small. I believed in the possibilities of the book, however, and resolved to publish it myself.

One advantage of self-publishing is that of retaining control of the book. I could select the pictures, including the cover pictures, determine in what detail the text would be written, choose the paper it would be printed on, decide whether the cover would be hard or soft and, in general, what the book w ill look like. A publisher wou Id have made all these decisions. The result is a book that is exactly as I wanted it.

So far, it has been well received .

Minot Simons II Jnnu ary 16, 1996

Order Information You may order copies of the book by supplying the follow­

ing: name, address, phone number, and check, or charge card information . If you choose to charge, please provide account number, date of expiration, name on the account, type of card, and a signature. Please make check or money order payable to Welwyn Publishing Company. Address:

p.o. Box 222475 Carmel, CA 93922-2475 e-mail: welwwyn@aol . com

An order can also be placed as a FAX, and charged to your VISA or MASTERCARD.

The FAX number is: (408) 624-5294

The price of the book is $35. California residents add $2.19 sales tax.

Shipping and handling:

US, including Alaska and Hawaii: Book rate-$4.25; First Class (airmail)-$6.50. Canada Book rate-$6.25; Air mail­$9.50. All other international: Book rate - $6.50. For inter­national air mail, FedEx or other express service, please contact Welwyn Publishing Company.

Now there is a way for you to see the book on the Internet! The web site is: http : //www . welwyngymbook .com

On the Internet, you can see w hole pages, photographs, and diagrams. There you can preview some of the photos and narratives from major competitions of the period. You will see a biography page and two of the diagrams taken from the Code of Points.

HIRING HEAD CO . Lakeside . I/tCH, INSTRUCTORS

gIrls ages 7_/;fal11e sUmmer Ca . s tudents th . Complete mp. Live Wi th with dance r~ugh advanc~J1 Nissen equip' care for, teach developme~ t rogram's com ' ymnas tics sh ment. Beginner of USAG f , measurabl pulSory, Opt' OWs cOmb ' Com undament ead vancem JOnal skills l11ed ch 'ldPUlsolY levels · bal,OPtional sk 'll ent,Jnteres t Kn promote

1 reno Sel ,a IlJty to dI S; practic l ' OWledge

OesSential. Co]!ee of fun, lOve of : n110lnstrate, spo~. dknoWledge of

ppo ·t· ge soph 11 drel ' eSIre t ties 1 UnIty to teac om ores and .1~ substan tial 0 each M .6/16-8/22 N h other athl . up, l11ternsh' matunty

assachUsetts 02 on-smokers K etIcs, arts Wat lJjS aVailable 090-0307; (6i7)1~6Pewa, B~x 30;1' /~~nt activi_'

2-8291. ' yvestwood,

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

9

" A-S

I o A 6

Announcements

PETITION BIDS RHYTHMIC CO~ "",.,t'" ,vef~: '~:i:i~,~~';9t~~

st Rhythnnc y vents open "Bids to ~-;ing accepted. E April/May

are now. . is. followIng: OlympiC Chamt)1onshl'~Ying competitl~~~hedule)

. JunIor 0 en Qua 1 n Natlona "I./western "'~ y (depends 0 october

Easten early lV,a pionships d in up Cham . d form foun

. r OlympiC Gro mplete the bl d return it to . JunlO should cO d policies an

d persons R les an L' lntereste. GymnastiCS ~ mnastiCS ObiCe.

the Rhythm~ell at the USA y Nora CamP

::M,~Mf5~:=:::1l0yt.YMPIC WOllKSHOP

Due to time Constrain Compulsory Work ts, .thero. Rl1ythmicG . Championshi s. T~hop wIll not be held at th:mn~stIcsGroup Congress in B~ston ~ WorkShop will be held ins{unIOr Olympic pulsory routines ~ill ~omprehensive introducti~ad at the 1996 sesSIOns will be r e held on Thursda J n of the com-

epeated during the C y, une 27. Certain ongress, June 28-30.

~ lOR OLYMPIC I RHYTHM:~=IONSHIPS

GROUP . Championships will . . OlympIC Group Illinois. Please

1 . c 1un101 s Grove, t The Rhyt "I.ml J 1996 in Downer . Hice to reques

h ld October 12-13, USA GymnastlCS 0 be e b 11 at the call Nor~ Camp 7~237-5050) Thank you. -iciorrnatlOn. (31

L

WOMEN'S TECHNICAL CLARIFICATIONS I. The following technical questions have been clarified:

A. Uneven Bar Clarification: If a Cast Handstand with release-hop to reverse grip in handstand phase is performed followed by a turn (in or after handstand), it is still considered to be ONE ELEMENT. Therefore, a cast handstand-hop in handstand with a 1/2 turn in handstand is ONE "C" element and is not eligible for Special Connection bonus.

B. Balance Beam Clarification: Wolf Jump (Tuck jump/ hop with one leg extended forward at horizontal) with 3/4 turn was evaluated by the USAG-WTC and is presently listed in the Jr. Olympic Element Supple­ment as a "C" part #2.323. However, at the 1995 USA Championships and the 1995 World Championships, this element was submitted and was evaluated as a "0," if performed to the technical requirements (leg at horizontal, turn complete) . Therefore, EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, this element will receive "0" credit at all USAG competitions (Elite & Jr. Olympic). The new number for the Element Supplement is S-2.413.

II. USAG Judges' Fee Structure

Travel Expenses: Please be advised that the standard IRS rate for mileage has been increased from 30 cents per mile to 31 cents per mile. This new rate is in effect IMMEDI­ATELY.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

)

JOIN USA GYMNASTICS ONLINE!

5-HOUR FREE TRIAL! Dial By Modem 1-800-365-4636

Press Return 3 or 4 times

At Password, enter GYMNASTICS

Free time must be used on even ings and/or weekends Some restrictions apply. Complete details are provided during the toll-free registration.

USA GYMNASTICS has joined with DELPHI in a great new partner­ship. USA Gymnastics Online! is the new DELPHI Custom Service offering you the world of gymnas­tics through your computer and modem.

In addition to USA Gymnastics Online!, you can access DELPHI itself, and explore the Internet.

Join USA Gymnastics Online! now and get 5 hours of evening or weekend access to tryout the I nternet for free!

Use DELPHI's Internet mail to exchange messages with over 10 million people at universities, companies and other online ser­vices such as CompuServe and MCI Mail.

Download programs and files using FTP or connect in rea l-time to other networks using Telnet!

It 's all yours when you "hook up" to USA Gymnastics Online and Delphi .

It 's easy to sign up, and even easier to get online once you've signed up, through more than 600 local access telephone numbers nationwide. Explore it all from the comfort of your own computer. Get USA Gymnastics Online! and access to DELPHI and The Internet.

You'll be amazed by what you discover!

Questions? Call 1-800-695-4005. USA Gymnastics' online address for electronic mail is USGF.

1995 Budgetlnvitalional (uS;\/UKR) Women's Training Footage you can't see on TV! This 2 hour video offers an up·close look at top level athletes as they train for international competi­tion. Features all competitors from the USA and Ukraine teams, including: Amy Chow, Dominique Dawes, Alexis Brion, Jomie Dantzscher, Gail Kachura (USA), Anna Mirgordskaya, Oksano Knizhnik, Svetlana Zelepoukina (U KRI. A fan­tastic tape for serious gymnastics unthusiasts! #2430 ... . . $14.95 Women's Competition Includes BONUS Music Viduo!! This 1 hour and 15 minute video shows every routine from this international competition. Features all competitors from the USA and Ukraine teams, including: Amy Chow, Dominique Dawes, Alexis Brion, Jamie Dantzscher, Gail Kachura (USA), Anna Mirgordskaya, Oksana Knizhnik, Svetlana Zelepoukina (UKRI. # 2431 ..... $14.95

1995 Coca-Cola National Championships Women's Training Tapes 1 & 2 Footage you can't see on TV! Includes BONUS Music Video!! This 4 hour and 25 minute video offers an up-close look at top junior and senior elite gymnasts as they train for a spot on the U.S. National Team! Features athletes from the USA, including:

Dominique Dawes, Shannon Miller, Jaycie Phelps, Dominique Moceanu, Mina Kim, Vanessa Atler, Alexis Brion, Jamie Dantzscher, Kaifie Dyson ... and many, many more! A must-have video! #2451 ..... $24.95

1995 Jr. National Testing Oakland, Calif. Routines, Elements & Training Camp. (1: 121 # 2470 .. . .. $10.00

1995-91 Women's level 10 Judges Training Video and text of deductions for level 1 0 VT, UB, BB & FX. Routines are shown lirst in real time, then in slow motion and freeze frame to illus­trate deductions. #2453 ..... $19.95

RHYTHMIC 1995 RSG Jr. Olympi£ Championships. LevelS 2 tapes (2:401 # 2371 .... . $19.95 Level 7 2 tapes (2:401 # 2372 . . .. . $19.95

1995 RSG Senior National Championships. Jacksonville, Fla. Sr. Prelims & All-Around. Camcorder footage taken from the stands. 3 tapes (4: 151 # 2373 ... $24.95

r--------------------------------------, To order any USA Gymnastics merchondhe presented in this issue, please complete this order form.

USA GYMN"-STICS ORDER FORM

IIAMI PHOIII

AMRm __________________________________________ _

0N ______________________ _ SIAn ZIP ________ _

(!UB GYMMAITICI MIMB!RIHIP # ______________________________ ___ _

(HAIG[: 0 l.lAsmCAio 0 VISA ExP. DAn

URO # S1GNATURE

!HM # DESCRIPTION QUANT!TY PRICE TOTAL

S~ND ORD~RS AND MAK~ CH~CKS PAYABI~ 10: SUBTOTAL

USA GYMNASTICS IOCKERROOM SHIPPING & HANDLING: ct:95mWtl:il PO BOX SS62, Ibl SlSIID1SiiJ,OOsililOlnI!lJSicr:lS'~il.c,) i!

INDIANAPOLIS, IN 4625S·5S62

1-800-4-USA-GYM IN RES!DINTS ADD S% SALES TAX

USA TOTAL AMOUNT PAYABLE GYMNASITCS 1196

1995 RSG Junior National Championships. Jacksonville,Fla. Jr. Prelims & All-Around. Camcorder footage taken from the stands. 2 tapes (3: 151 # 2374 .. $19.95

MEN'S 1995 ;\merican (up Seottle, Wosh. Prelims & Finals. #2246 ..... $19.95

1995 Winter Cup Challenge Three SlP format tapes featuring EVERY routine, compulsories and optionals, all divisions! Features 011 competitors including: John Roethlisberger, Chainey Umphrey, Chris Waller, Jair lynch, Trent Dimos, Josh Stein, Brian Yee and many more! Camcorder footoge token from the stands. # 2245 ..... $19.95

1995 Pan i\rneric:an Garnes Straight from Mar Del Plato, Argentina: Men's Preliminaries and linals. See the U.S. men's' team triumph! Camcorder footage taken from the stands. # 2247 .. . .. $19.95

1995

~Fgll3~r Catch the lectures of the year! Don't miss seuing these captivating talks by the nation's top coaches and gymnastics professionals. More educational than Mardi Gras!

Mary Lee T ra£ey: Athlete and Staff Motivation (l hourI #2432 . .... $12.95 Steve Nunno: Planning To Win (1 hourI #2433 . . .. . $12.95

Bela Karolyi: Secrets of Successful Coaching (l hourI # 2446 . . ... $12.95 Peter Vid01ar: Dedication and Goals (1 hourI

# 2452 . $12.95

Muriel Grossfeld, T a0101Y Biggs & Roe Kreutzer: Developing Elites (l hourI # 2447 ..... $12.95 Double Features Ta0101Y Biggs & Vladitnir Arie01o-v: Body Alignment

and Tony Gel101an: Conditioning for Women's Gymnastics (2 hoursl #2439 ...... . $19.95

Mi"e West: Spotting Basic Tumbling

and Ste-ve Nunno: Tumble-Trak Drills (2 hoursl #2448 ..... $19.95 T 001 Lenzini: So, Coaches, You Think You Want To Own Your Own Gym?

and Jeff Lulla: Developing Effective Advertising and Public Relations Plans (2: 15 @ SlP Speed) # 2441 ..... $19.95 Triple Spe£ial Vladimir Memov: The Impartance of nexibility and Conditioning for FX and BB in Relation 10 Skill Performance

and Bryon Houg"': Basic Unavun Bar Progressions amI Drills and Darla Franz: Balam:e Beam Progressions and Drills (3: 15 @ SlP Speed I # 2449 .. $24.95

Sports Science

KEEPING UP IN THE WORLD OF SPORT SCIENCES

Mark R. Hutchinson, M.D.

Team Physician, USA Gymnastics Rhythmic Group

U SAGymnaStiCSand and long term health problems, has been extrapolated from its medical team especially if proper nutritional studies related to cholesterol on have been making intake is not being assured. Dr. patients at risk of heart disease. every effort to stay Dan Benardot, Team Nutrition- These studies simply do not

on the cutting edge of sports ist for USA Gymnastics, has apply to the young, athletic, medicine and sports sciences to developed an inexpensive and gymnastics population. What is optim..ize the performance ofthe simple technique to measure more important is that when athletes as well as ensure safe percentage body fat in elite these athletes are training, they participation in sports. Recently rhythmic gymnasts. He mea- maintain an overall caloric in­the International Olympic Com- sures the gymnast's height, take that correlates with their mittee (IOC) Medical Commis- weight, and su prailiac skin fold. dail y needs and energy expen­sion hosted the Third IOC The data is entered into a for- ditures. This will prevent them World Congress on Sport Sci- mula which is highly correlated from breaking down muscle and ences in Atlanta. The congress to other expensive high-tech actually reducing their perfor­is traditionally held prior to the ways to measure body fat. mance.

summer Olympic games in the If body fat percentage falls host city. Participants include below 11.4%, then the athlete is Psychology sports scientists and sports at increased risk of inJ'ury and S hi' 1 d port psyc 0 ogy mc u es medicine professionals from should be carefully screened for issues such as motivation, anxi­around the world. The congress other health problems. is a fo-rum for I Body Fat % = Suprailiac Skin Fold (1.976) - Height (0.0576) - Weight (0.1586) + 5.56 I sharing the mos t recent scientific know l­edge and ideas in the field of sports sciences. This article w ill provide some practical advice regarding various aspects of sports sciences including nutri­tion, psychology, injuries and prevention, training and biome­chanics, special issues in junior athletes and female a thle tes. The following are condensed from various presentations, speakers, and meetings of the congress.

Nutrition Optimal nutrition plays a key

role in the performance and suc­cess of gymnasts w hether rec­reational or elite. Indeed nutri­tional princi pies are fundamental to the gymnast's overall health and well-being. In gYl1mastics, and especially rhythmic gymnastics, the em­phasis on low body fat and weight can lead to both short

It has been universally ac­cepted that maintaining ad­equate hydration is essential to optimizing performance and health in any activity that takes longer than an hour. During intense training, water breaks should be taken whenever the athlete is thirsty and at least every 20 minutes. Thirst has been shown to be a late, rela­tively poor indicator of hydra­tion status. A more controver­sial issue has been exactly what the athlete is eating; high pro­tein, high carbohydrate, and low fat diets have all been consid­ered beneficial. Dr. David Pendergrast of the State Uni­versity of New York, and Dr. Christine Clark of Penn State University, argue that fats are a great source of energy and may not be as bad as the general public has been lead to believe. Most of the "bad press" on fats

ety, burnout, emotions, and at­titudes regarding training and competition. If the gymnast is not mentally prepared for com­petition, he/she will not per­form optimally. Abdel-Wahab EI Naggar of Saudi Arabia feels that a thletes have a wide range of pre-competition anxiety and zone of optiomal functioning. When the a thlete performs at their level of optiomal function­ing, their performance is im­proved. Likewise, being too anxious or not anxious enough may diminish performance. Therefore, each athlete should assess his/her individual zone of optimal functioning. Once defined, he should make an as­sessment of his anxiety level two days prior to competition in comparison to his optimal zone. If he/ she is too anxious, then relaxation skills are instituted. If he/ she is not anxious enough,

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

then they should make efforts to increase focus and intensity.

Interestingly, the level of anxiety felt by the athlete may flow over into their expressions during performance which in turn may effect their success. Dr. Dieter Hackfort of Germany argues that there are no good or bad emotions, yet how the ath­lete displays or expresses these emotions can effect the athlete's performance and scores. Dr. Hackfort has performed "ex­pression monitoring" on nu­merous a thletes and correlated their performance. Ideally, the athletes should be evaluated by coaches prior to the event to assure that the expressions be­ing displayed during perfor­mance are positive.

Iniuries and Prevention

Perhaps the most unwel­come news for any coach is that one of his/her athletes has been injured. Beyond the obvious concerns regarding the acu te injury and the health of the ath­le te, injury reduces the a thlete's ability to train, decreases their optimal performance, and could have long term ramifications. Finding ways to prevent inju­ries and avoid unwanted de­lays or complications is there­fore quite important. William Garrett of Duke University notes three factors that place muscles and tendons at risk of strains, fatigue weakness, and prior injury to the muscle. In contrast, he has shown quite scientifically that warm-up, acute stretching, and chronic stretching helps to prevent in-

tt

" A. 9

I ., A 10

jury. Therefore, to decrease the incidence of muscle strain inju­ries in gymnasts, they should be participating in a regular stretch­ing program prior to perfor­mance to warm-up the muscles and stretch out the tendons. In­deed they should be performing routine stretching throughout training to provide condition­ing of the muscles and chronic stretching of the tendons. Finally, any muscle or muscle group that has had previous injury should have special emphasis to avoid reoccurrence.

Unfortunately, injuries will occasionally occur. Fortunately, catastrophic injuries are quite rare . Coaches, athletes, and trainers should nonetheless al­ways be ready to assist in case such an event should occur. The United States Olympic Commit­tee (usOC) Sports Medicine Division has created a video discussing and displaying the proper technique for removing an injured athlete from a gym­nastics pit. Foam pits can create significant obstacles when try­ing to safely remove an athlete with a suspected neck injury. Bob Beeten of the USOC Sports Medicine Division emphasizes getting a lot of help . When get­ting into the pit, you must move slowly, deliberately, and me­thodically. If you jump in or

Sports Science

move to quickly, the injured gymnast may be jostled leading to permanent injury. Every coach and trainer who deals with gymnasts that use a foam pit should review this video made available through the USOC in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

Junior Athletes In a number of sports includ­

ing gymnastics, children and young athletes train to a similar extent and intensity as adults. These high mechanical de­mands are accompanied by a lesser ability to withstand stress in some structures. The carti­laginous growth plates in the spine and extremities are espe­cially weak areas. Lyle Micheli of Boston correlates the in­creased number of injuries in young athletes not so much to the demands of the specific sport and actually playing but rather the systemic repetitive training required to excel in organized sports. The repetitive training leads to overuse injuries sec­ondary to overstress. In gen­eral, pain in children has a cause that should be identified and treated . Children are rarely malingerers. Micheli also notes a second important factor asso­ciated with sports injuries in children .. . the actual growth pro-

cess itself. As growth occurs in bones, the muscles and tendons that span the bones and joints become tighter until they gradu­ally elongate themselves The tightness leads to reduced flex­ibility and an increased risk of injury. During rapid periods of growth, intensity of training should be reduced and specific slow stretching exercises begun in order to prevent injury.

Female Athletes As the population of women

participating in organized sports has grown over the past 20 years, so has the interest re­garding the problems peculiar to the female athlete. Every coach and athletic trainer that works with female athle te should be aware of the" female athlete triad" of anorexia, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Barbara Drinkwater of Seattle, Washington, argues that while exercise is important for ath­letic female athletes to prevent osteoporosis, it is more impor­tant for these women to have regular menses and normal cy­cling hormones. In the absence of normal menses, osteoporosis is more likely. All female ath­letes who have not begun regu­lar menses by age 16 should be evaluated b y a physician. Coaches can playa key role in

emphasizing appropriate nutri­tion and not just body weight to avoid disordered eating. If con­cerns arise regarding "the fe­male athlete triad," early refer­ral to a physician can avoid problems later.

Scientific studies regarding female athletes including train­ing has lagged behind similar studies in males. Barry Brown of the University of Arkansas demonstrated that female ath­letes could increase their explo­sive power demonstrated in vertical leap by a designed pro­tocol that would release neural inhibitions. Specifically, the ath­lete was asked to jump and grasp a basketball which was placed one inch below there maximum vertical jump. The ball was raised when the athlete was able to grasp the ball 10 times in a row (group 1) or 20 out of40 attempts (group 2). He found that while both groups improved their ability to jump, group 2 did better. He argued that the second technique al­lowed athletes to release neural inhibitions by not worrying so much about a single failure. This can eaSily be translated to other training techniques by asking the athlete to perform satisfac­torily a majority of the time rather than all of the time before they advance to the next level.

fI ~;~N~S~It~ Ii Curriculum Poster Reward System I' H () (; " A M TM • Proven Effective in Building Enrollment Retention

, .....

/

Jeff l.ulla, is • National Safety Certifier, Congress i'resenler, Preschool PDP oo-author, and an industry consultant His new gymnastics academy

/

/

provides training programs foc instruclOn, oflice and management

• Provides a SAFE and Progressive Teaching System • Sets ACHIEVABLE Goals • Motivates Parents and Students • Keeps Records o/when Skills are Passed • Valuable/or Measuring Teacher Efficiency

HOW IT WORKS ... Upon enrollment every student receives a Poster TO TAKE HOME. The whole family can monitor the students progress and share in the excitement as stars are awarded for skills learned. Includes training videos, cun1culum cards, award certificates and more.

OUR UCENSEES INCLUDE ... Tumbling Express-

Christine LaFollette Rainbow Gymnastics - Barbara Downey Michelle Shemm Spectrum Gymnastics -

Tony DeFrancesco Tumble Bee- Cheryl Holm

Currently l.icell.\'ed INTERNA110NAILY

to Oller 80 GYMS

All material may be ordered as needed by calling a toll free 800 phone number!! For free Video, InJomuUion and Samples, call (800) 800-3162

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

I

" i'-. 12

1996 Congress

BOSTON MASSACHUSETTS

JUNE 28·30

THE FACTS

Host City: Boston, Mass. Congress Dates:

Pre-Congress Sessions· June 27

Congress Sessions · June 28-30

Post Congress Sessions · July 1

1996 U.S. Olympic Trials· June 25-30

Artistic Trials· June 27-30

Rhythmic Trials · June 25-26

CONGRESS RATES AND REGISTRATION DATES

$150.00 Pre-registration

$175.00 On-Site

No pre-registration after MAY 3l. After MAY 31, you must register on­site.

Non-Members $235.00

CONGRESS HOTELS

The Copley Connection is a joint venture of world class hotels and an outstanding shopping facility. The Westin Hotel Copley Place, the Bos­ton Marriott Copley Place, and The Copley Place Shopping Galleries are all under one roof. For the 1996 USA Gymnastics Congress, these ~o hotels will be joined by the ad­lacent Copley Plaza to house Con­gress attendees. The Congress ses­sions will be conducted atthe Hynes

IIl1A GYMNASTICS

Convention Center that is con­nected directly to the Copley Place Shopping Galleries.

The Westin Hotel, Copley Place Boston

10 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02116-5798

The contemporary Westin Hotel, Copley Place Boston is located in the city 's charming and fashion­able back bay, considered to be Boston 's finest location. The hotel is linked via skybridge to the up­scale. Copley Place Shopping Galleries, the new Prudential Cen­ter Fashion Court, and the Hynes Convention Center. Eight hun­dred newly renovated guestrooms and suites offer breathtaking views of Boston. Sample some of Boston's favorite restaurants within the Westin Hotel. Enjoy TurnerFish­eries Bar & Restaurant, known for its outstanding fresh seafood and New England's number one, award winning clam chowder.

Reservations: Central reservations' 800-228-3000' Direct reservations: . 617 -262 -9600'

Cut-off date: May 31

Rates: $129 for single/double

Boston Marriott, Copley Place

110 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02116

At Copley Place, in the heart of Boston's Back Bay area, the Bos­ton Marriott is linked to the Hyne' s

Convention Center. There is a con­venient subway station located at Copley Place, connecting to AMTRAK and Logan International Airport. The Marriott features 1,147 guestrooms and suites, indoor pool, health club with exerc ise room, whirlpool, saunas, and game room. Hotel restaurants in­clude Gourme/i's, an upscale fam­ily restaurant and Bel/o Mondo, featuring the finest in Northern Ital­ian cuisine. For a great place to watch sports and enjoy the best burgers in Boston, try Champions, The American Sports Bar.

Reservations: 617-236-5800

Cut-off date: June 6

Rates: $125 for single/double, S10 for each additional person

The Copley Plaza, A Wyndham Hotel

138 St. James Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02116-5071

The Copley Plaza, affectionately known as the "Grande Dame" of Boston is also located in the historic Back Bay. Recent resto­ration has returned this majestic hotel to its original grandeur. Fe?turing 373 beauti fully ap­pOinted guest rooms and suites furnished with period antiques, Concierge, Cristaldi's Beauty Salon, and an on-site fitness cen­ter. Enjoy gourmet New England fare at its finest in the sophisti­cated Plaza Dining Room or Copley's Restaurantfor the best steak in town.

Reservations: 800-822-4200

Cut-off date: May 26

Rates: $149 for single/double

When making reservations, USA Gymnastics is listed in the hotel reservation systems as

"USA Gym Congress"

CONGRESS REGISTRATION INFORMATION

Congress Registration forms, Congress " Add-on" information and forms, and the tentative Congress Schedule are included on pages 13, 15,170fthisissue.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

PRESENTATIONS The biggest and the best! Watch Technique for more specific infor­mation on the Congress schedule, presenters, and topics. Sessions will be conducted at the beautiful John B. Hyne's Convention Center. The Hynes will provide a modern, el­egant. highly flexible environment for the annual Congress. Sessions will feature informative speakers dis­cussing c lub business, technique and sport science, preschool/de­velopmental, judges training, and other areas of interest. Sessions will also include men's, women's, and rhythmic areas.

EXHIBITION HALL The Exhibit Hall, located in the Hyne' s Convention Center, wi ll provide Congress attendees with the op­portunity to see the latest and the best in equipment. apparel, and services.

1996 U.S. OLYMPIC TEAM TRIALS America's top gymnasts will be mak­ing magic June 25-30 during the 1996 U.S. Olympic Gymnastics Trials in Boston. This nationally televised competition will determine which gymnastics hopefuls are going to compete in Atlanta. It promises to be a week of drama, passion, and perfection. A week to remember and you can experience the ex­citement. Al l of it-live and in per­son. You' ll want to attend and see firsthan?, . some of the most impor: t?nt ~rtlStiC and Rhythmic competi­tions In a gymnast's life.

ARTISTIC TRIALS June 27-30

RHYTHMIC TRIALS June 25-26

For more information about order­ing tickets, please call the Massa­chusetts Sports Partnership at 617-443-4909. Please do not call USA Gymnastics regarding Trials tickets.

The 1996 U.S. Olympic Trials-Gymnastics is offered

by USA Gymnastics and the

Massachusetts Sports Partnership.

1996 Congress

1996 CONGRESS AND U.S. OLYMPIC TRIALS SCHEDULE Note: The following schedule is tentative and subject to change. This is offered to illustrate how these two exciting events w ill be coordinated. Futu re issues of Technique will include more specific information regarding Presenters, topics, Congress, add-on sessions, and much more!

Times Congress Activities Times Competition Sessions

I TUESDAY, JUNE 25

I WEDNESDAY, JUNE 26 Allday

2:00-6:30 pm Evening

RSG Congress KAT Workshop #l. Pt. 1 Congress Registration Desk open

I THURSDAY, JUNE 27 Allday

8:00 am-1 :00 pm 8:30 am-1 :30 pm 9:00 am-6:00 pm

10:00 am-7:00 pm 1 :00--3:00 pm 1 :00-5:00 pm 2:00-6:30 pm 1 :00-8:00 pm

6:00-10:00 pm

Congress "Add-on" sessions: RSG Congress ' Exhibition set-up (decorator's) KAT Workshop #l. Pt. 2 PDP II: ASEP Sport Principles Co Registration Desk open PDP-I: Video Clinic and PDP I r::.",rviInA,ont:"Q',

Safety Course #1 KAT Workshop #2, Pt. 1 Exhibition set-up (exhibitor's) Rhythmic Judge Course - Level 5

FRIDAY, JUNE 28

7:00-9:30 pm

7:00-9:30 pm

7:00 am-7:00 pm 8:00-11 :00 am 8:15-9:15 am

9:30-10:30 am 11 :00 am-12 noon

12:00-6:00 pm 12:00-1:15 pm 1 :30-2:30 pm 2:45-3:45 pm 3:00-7:00 pm 4:00-5:00 pm

Registration Desk open Exhibition Hall set-up (exhibitor' ) SAG Y M N AS T I (S Congress Sessions (Round #1) CONGRESS Congress Sessions (Round #2) Congress GENERAL SESSION Exhibition Hall Open LUNCH BREAK 1 9 9 6 Congress Sessions (Round #3) B 0 5 ton . Mass .• J u n e 2 8 - 3 0 Congress Sessions (Round #4) . Level 6 RSG Judges course and Level 7/8 Congress Sessions (Round #5) 6:00-9:00 pm

I SATURDAY, JUNE 29 7:00-2:00 pm Registration Desk Open 8:00-9:00 am Congress Sessions (Round #6)

8:00-11 :30 am Level 5 Judges 9:00 am-3:00 pm Exhibition Hall Open

9: 15-1 0: 15 am Congress Sessions (Round #7) 10:30-11 :30 am Congress Sessions (Round #8)

11 :30 am- 12:45 pm L U N C H B REA K 12:45-1 :45 pm Congress Sessions (Round #9) 2:00-3:00 pm Congress Sessions (Round # 10)

7:30 pm Doors open for Ceremony of Honors 7:45 pm Ceremony of Honors video presentation

8:00:9:30 pm Ceremony of Honors 9:00 pm Doors open to Banquet area

9: 15 pm- 12:00 am USAG Annual Banquet

I SUNDAY, JUNE 30 8:30-11 :30 am

9:00 am-3:00 pm 9:15am

9:15-1O:15am 10:30-1 1 :30 am

11:30am-1:00pm 1 :00-2:00 pm 2:15-3:15 pm 3:30-4:30 pm 3:00-9:00 pm

Registration Desk Open Exhibition Hall Open Rhythmic Judges Certification tests (all levels) Congress Sessions (Round # 11) Congress Sessions (Round # 12) LUNCH BREAK Congress Sessions (Round # 13) Congress Sessions (Round #14) Congress Sessions (Round #15) Exhibitor tear-down

MONDAY, JULY 1 DEPARTURES ••• 9:00 am-1 :00 pm 8:30 am-1 :30 pm 9:00 am- 12 noon

9:00-10:30 am

Safety Course #2 KAT Workshop #2-Pt. 2 PDP Levell Video Clinic Women's State Evaluator Examination

4:00-6:30 pm

5:30-10:00 pm

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Rhythmic Trials Session #1

Rhythmic Trials Session #2

Men's Compulsories

Women's Compulsories

Men 's Optionals

Women's Optionals (live N)

9

" A 13

business

Put it all together BeAM And hey, let's face it.

in ClassSoft. An When your business

integrated software is running more effi-

package specifically cientiy and profitably

designed for the way because of all of the

you do business. No powerful features in

other software can ClassSoft, buying

help you run your CLA new beams won't be

business better! a problem.

I f'ax • 615 • 982· 3147 1452 E Brown School Rd . • Maryville, TN 37804 Call • 615 • 984 • 1640

USA GYMNASTI (S CONGRESS -Bos ton, Mass. _ Jun e 28-30

1996 Congress

CONGRESS COSTS PROFESSIONAL

MEMBERS Early registration: (postmarked by May 31, 1996) $150

. On-site registration: $175

NON.-MEMBERS $235

, 996 PRE-REGISTRATION FORM COMPLETE ONE CONGRESS FORM PER PERSON-YOU MAY PHOTOCOPY FORM FOR

ADDITIONAL CONGRESS REGISTRATIONS

Your Professional Address (listed in the USA Gymnastics Pro-member database) will be used for all . correspondence.

Name ______________________________________________________ __

Social Security No. ________________________________________________ _

USAG Pro# ____________________________ _ Exp, Date __________ _

o Change my Pro-address to:

Mailing Address _______________________________________________ _

City __________________________ _ State __ _ Zip _____ __

Name of Club Program ____________________________________________ _

Day Phone __________________ __ Night Phone _____________________ _

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16.

REGISTRATION IS

NON-REFUNDABLE AFTER

JUNE 14

NO PRE-REGISTRATION

AFTER

MAY31

AFTER MAY31 YOU MUST

REGISTER ON-SITE ,

NO EXCEPTIONS

PAYMENT MAKE CHECK/MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO USA GYMNASTICS

Amount Enclosed ,-I $ __________ -'

Charge to: o Visa o Mastercard o Discover o American Express

Card No. _ ______________________________ _

Exp, Date _______________________________ _

Signature (required) _________________________ _

(rlOA GYMNASTICS

T296

Please return this registration form to:

USA Gymnastics Congress Pan American Plaza, Suite 300

201 S, Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

CONGRESS COSTS

Fee includes:

One credential for en­trance to Congress ses­sions and master clinics on Friday morning through Sunday after­noon,

Entrance to the Exhibit Hall featuring the industry's finest products,

One ticket to the Final Congress Banquet. (Ad­ditional Banquet tickets for spouses/guests are $50 each-available at registration).

The annual Ceremony of Honors,

TO ORDER TICKETS TO THE U.S. OLYMPIC TEAM TRIALS ...

Please call the Massachusetts Sports

Partnership at: 617-443-4909

Please do not call USA Gymnastics regarding

Trials tickets.

MSP reports that ticket sales are very heavy,

order your tickets now!

I

" .A 15

Disl:o'Ver tLe knowledge to produl:e Lappy and LealtLy atLletes!

Coa«:t.es Guide to Nutrition and W eigt.t Control 1990 • Eisenman • Paper· 192 pages. Good nutrition allows ath· letes to maintain energy lev­els during training and safe­ly regulate their ratio of fat and lean weight. A practical sports nutrition guide that translates the sciences of physiology, bio-chemistry, and nutrition into easily applied information. Includes an excellent chapter on the signs of eating disorders. #17 . . . . .. .... . .. . ... . . $22.00

Helping Athletes witt. Eating Disorders Thompson, R.A. and Sherman, R.T .• 1993 • Hard covel' • Human Kinetics * 194 pages. This book provides a practical, sensitive and thera­peutic approach to treating athletes with eating disorders. This guide thoroughly exam­ines all aspects of eating dis­orders in athletes, from diag­nosis to education and pre­

vention. A must-have book! #3631 .. $25.00

AtMete's Coold.ool< 1995· Paper • Masters Press • 224 pages. Edited by Michelle Dussere, a nutri­tionist and 1984 Olympian, this clearly-written guide offers complete nutritional

information and "insider" advice from world-class gymnasts. Shannon Miller, Dominique Dawes, Mary Lou Retton, and

r----------------------------------------------, To order any UIA Gymnostics merchandise presented in this issue, please complet. this order form.

USA. GYMN"-STICS ORDER FORM IIAME ____________________________ _ PHONE ________ ___ _

AoORf5S ________________ _ __________________________ _ _

Cm _______ _____________ _ ITArr ZIP __________ _

CWi GylIHAS1l~ MuiBUSHIP # ______________________ _ ____________ _

CJwG~ 0 MAsrutun 0 VilA UP. Dlrr _______ _

tun # _ ________ _________ _ _ IIGNlJllIE __________________ _

IHM I DESCRIPTION QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

SEND ORDERS AND MAKI CHECKS PAYABLI TO: SUBTOTAL

USA GYMNASTICS lOCKIRROOM SHIPPING & HANDLING: cuasSIIWllCQ~Slllim)JJ..'M) PO BOX 5562, Si,Silllll00JOOSiMlSIOO-OiklSl

INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46255-5562 T-BOG-4-USA-GYM IN RESIDENTS ADD SOlo SALES TAX

USA TOTAL AMOUNT PAYABLE GYMNASflCS 19H

Bart Connor are among the many popu­lar athletes who donated their favorite low-fat, energy-boosting, and tasty recipes. Dussere uses her knowledge to help gymnasts and others eat and per­form like winners. #3647 ............ . .. . . $14.95

GYDlDasli(;s: A Guide for Parents and AtMetes 1992 • Paper· Feanay· 171 pages. An excellent book for begin­ners as well as experienced gymnasts.

Contains information to guide par­ents and athletes in choosing a gymnastics program that will best suit their needs. Provides pertinent information on safety, conditioning, and the guidelines of the sport. #3612 . ....... . .. . . .. .. $15.00

Portrait of an AtMete 1992 • Paper· Durbin· BB pagas. This book emphasizes the ideals that make athletes successful in both sports and life. It features advice, motivation, and values that help young people understand what athletics can mean to their future. #3627 .... . ... . ... .. . . . . $8.95

The Inner AtMete: Realizing your Fullest Potential 1994· Paper· Millman, D.· Slillpaini Publishing • 1 &9 pages. Used worldwide by profes­sional coaches and athletes to coordinate and develop active men and women's physical, mental, and emotional skills. It explains how to empower athletes to

achieve maximum capabilities-not only in sports, but in daily life. #3643 ................. $11.95

Sports and Stress Therapy: AtMeti«: Ret.aLilitation on Massage, Stret«:J.ing and Strengtt.ening 1994 • Hard Covel' • Shazl"{l, E. and Hanks, J. • Eskay Inc .• 130 pages. This book introduces a

new approach to the prevention and recuperation of fatigue and injuries. The techniques com­bine many ancient Asian traditions with western healing arts to provide instant relief of pain due to

overuse, acute, and chronic injury. #3644 .. . .. . . .. . ....... $19.95

In Pursuit of Euellen«:e: How to Win in Sport and Life tt.rougt. Mental Training 1990 • Papal' • Orlick .· 20B pagas. Written in an easy-to under­stand,m instructive style, this second edi­tion of In Pursuit of Excellence is the supplemental text for courses that cover

the basic sport psychology techniques. It covers the psy­chological concepts of concen­tration, winning, losing, and competing successfully. This highly successful sport perfor­mance book by internationally recognized sport psychologist Terry Orlick, has undergone a complete revitalization. Better organized for easier reading, the second edition includes dozens of new examples taken from Orlick's real-life experi­

ences with champion athletes and their coach. #14 . . .. . . .. . . . ... . .... $14.95

1996 Congress

, 996 CONGRESS ADD-ONS REGISTRATION FORM

COMPLETE ONE FORM PER PERSON-PLEASE PHOTOCOPY FORM FOR ADDITIONAL REGISTRATIONS

Your Professional Address (listed in the USA Gymnastics Pro-member database) will be used for all correspondence,

Name ____________________________________________________________ ___

Social Security No, ______________________________________________________ _

USAG Pro# ______ __________ _ _ Exp, Date _____ _

o Change my Pro-address 10:

Mailing Address ________________________________________________________ _

City ___ __________ _ State _ _ _ Zip ______ _

Day Phone ____________________ ___ Night Phone ________________________ _

Check (/ ) appropriate:

Minimum age for Safety Certification is 18,

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES: o Thursday, 6/27, 1 :00 pm-5:00 pm

o Monday, 7/ 1, 9:00 am-1 :00 pm

Pro­member

$75

$75

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (PDP) Levell Grandparent Course o Thursday, 6/27, 1 :00-3:00 pm $35

Criteria: USAG pro-membership, Safety Certification, and minimum of 4 years coaching/administrative experience, Experience Verification Form (see page 40),

Levell Video Clinics o Course #l - Thursday, 6/27, 1 :00-3:00 pm o Course #2-Monday, 7/1, 9:00 am-12 noon

USA Gymnastics/ ASEP Coaching Principles Course Note: Course enrollment is limited to 50, First come, first seNe ,

basis, You MUST pre-register- NO ON-SITE REGISTRATION o Thursday, 6/27, 9:00 am-6:00 pm

Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshops

$10 $10

$70

Non­member

$100

$100

N/A

$10 $10

$80

Note: Course enrollment is limited to 65, First come, first seNe-NO ON-SITE REGISTRATION, o Course #l - Wednesday, 6/26, 2:00-6:30 pm; and Thursday, 6/27, 8:30 am-1 :30 pm o Course #2-Thursday, 6/27, 2:00-6:30 pm; and Monday, 7/ 1, 8:30 am- 1:30 pm

$140

Women's,Program, Skill Evaluator Examination o Monday, 7 fl , 9:00-10:30 am

RHYTHMIC JUDGING COURSES/EXAMS

o Level 5- Thursday, 6/27, 6:00 -10:00 pm o LeveI6-Friday, 6/28, 3:00-7:00 pm o LeveI7/8-Friday, 6/28, 3:00-7:00 pm o Judging tests (ail levels)- Sunday, 6/30, 9: 15-11 :30 am

TOTAL PAYMENT

$9

$30 $50 $30 $5

MAKE CHECK/MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO USA GYMNASTICS

Amount Enclosed 1 L $ ____________ ..JI Charge to: 0 Visa 0 Mastercard

$160

$15

o Discover

Sub­TOTAL

o Am, Ex,

Card No, ________________________________________ _ Exp, Date ____ __ _

Signature (required) _ ___________________ ____________ _

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16.

T296

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Use this form to register for the 1996 USA Gymnastics

Congress tests, examinations, certifications,

accreditations, etc.

USA GYMNASTICS CONGRESS --.-.-. 1 0 110 n , Mo •• . • June 28· ) 0

REGISTRATION IS

NON-REFUNDABLE AFTER

JUNE 14

NO PRE-REGISTRATION

AFTER

MAY31

AFTER MAY31 YOU MUST

REGISTER ON-SITE.

NO ON-SITE REGISTRATION FOR

ASEP COACHING PRINCIPLES COURSES

OR KAT WORKSHOPS

NO EXCEPTIONS

rr~ GYMNASTICS

Ptease return this registration form to:

USA Gymnas~cs Congress Pan American,Plaza, Suite 300

201 S. Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46225

9 o A 17

I o A-18

Men's Gymnastics

1997 FIG CODE OF POINTS SUMMARY

Mike Juszczyk

Following the FIG-Men's Technical Committee (MTC) meetings in August, the 1997 Code of Points has essen­tially been finalized. The following is an early look at the significant rules changes for the next cycle. Please keep in

mind minor adjustments may be made in subsequent meetings, especially on vault. (version 1.1)

General Information A and B Jury

There will be an A and a B jury for all events except vaulting. The two juries will have separate responsibilities and their respec­tive scores will be added together to arrive at the final score.

1. The A-jury will determine the content of the routine (Diffi­culty, Special Requirements, and Bonus Points) and will render a Start Value out of 10.0.

2. The B-jury will evaluate the execution (exercise presenta­tion) and submit only the deductions without having seen the Start Value.

A t this time it has not been determined which U.s. com petitions will use this format. This will be decided jOintly between the USA Gymnastics Men's Program, National Gymnastics Judges' Asso­ciation, and the Men's Program Committee.

Difficulty Requirements The main difficulty requirements have not changed in the 1997

Code of Points.

However, an extra lower difficulty skill can never partially replace a higher difficulty skill. If a routine is missing a D skill and has three C skills, the routine is deducted 0.6 for no D skill. The extra C skill will not partially replace the D skill.

There will be no value raising on Parallel Bars and Hori­zontal Bar.

A combined element with a single value will not be split up or broken down to benefit the gymnast. However, if he fails to complete a combined skill, he will receive credit for what he has successfully shown.

Special Requirements Each event will still require three Special Requirements. Each is

still worth 0.4 for a total of 1.2. However, a dismount can never meet a Special Requirement. This may effect Pommel Horse and Parallel Bar routine construction.

Bonus This is the biggest change in the 1997 Code of Points. The bonus

category is now worth up to 1.4. The following is a breakdown of the bonus rules:

The required D can get bonus

Each D = 0.1, each E = 0.2

Connection bonus is unlimited and can be attained at both ends of an element (i.e., C+D+C = 0.3)

No bonus for element or connection with a large error

Exercise Presentation Most of the deductions will remain the same as the 1993 Code of

Points.The following are minor changes in the 1997 Code of Points:

The deduction table has been modified to eliminate the exces­sive writing. Each deduction has been replaced with a "+" under the appropriate column to signify the correct deduc­tion. The following are changes in the 1997 Code of Points

The reversal of direction deduction has been eliminated

Repetition The repetition rule has changed drastically in the 1997 Code of

Points. The following is our current* understanding of how the repetition rule is interpreted:

At most, one element may be repeated one time for value and bonus points. Any repetition of any other skill or additional repetition of the original skill, will not receive difficulty or bonus credit.

The appearance of any three identical elements (Code iden­tification numbers) in direct succession will be deducted 0.2 by the B-jury.

For the purpose of repetition, an element with the same Code number is considered the same element. Thus a back tuck, pike, and layout are the same.

If two identical directly connected elements (same Code number) result in a single value (i.e. front salto, front saIto =

C), that element (front salto) can only be recognized or used for value or bonus a third time if it is recognized as a separate skill with a different Code number.

For the purpose of repetition, elements will be credited according to their order of appearance in a routine. Thus on Floor Exercise: if a double layout, then two front saltos somewhere in mid-routine, then double layout dismount­the second double layout would receive no value since the one permitted repetition has already been used up by the front saltos.

* Our understanding is very fluid, there is still considerable confusion and a wide variety of questions regarding the repetition rule. Hopefully these will be addressed in the near future by the MTC.

Individual Events Floor Exercise 1. Requirements-The forward and backward acro series remains

the same. However, the third requirement must be of B value and can be either a one point balance OR a strength hold.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Men's Gymnastics

2. Value raising on Floor Exercise will remain similar to the 1993 Code of Points. The first two elements will combine to form one letter and the third element will be raised one letter if the third skill is at least of C value (i.e., whip back, immediate double back, immediate punch front; D+B, whip back, whip back, immediate double back; C+D). The following are difficulty principals and their application to directly connected saltos:

B+B; C

B+CorC+B;D

C+C or B+D or D+B or C+D or D+C ; E

Subsequent saltos will be value raised if at least C value.

D+D will stay as is since bonus is of more benefit to the gymnast; 0.3. Sequence

DSA, simple Swiss). When used as a dismount, the Kehr, Czech, back Stockli would only have an A value.

3. Other interpretations:

All elements have same Code Number whether performed in flair or circle.

• Elements on leather have the same Code N umber as element on the pommels except four flops on a single pommel (; E on Pommel, D + B on leather). The flop rule is the same as in the 1993 code.

Two B circles; C, three; repetition.

93 Value Bonus 97 Value Bonus

3. Main difficulty changes: Magyar - L,P,P,L C 0.0 D 0.1

Hold plus press elements are combined as one letter value (example, planche with 2 second hold, immediate press to handstand with 2 second hold; D).

Single pommel Russian D 0.1 C 0.0 Handstand dismount (no turn) A 0.0 B 0.0 Leather circles over pommel B 0.0 A 0.0

Front salto layout; B

All front saIto 1/1 ; C

All tuck and pike saltos have the same code number.

Still Rings 1. Requirements-The requirements have been altered from the

1993 Code of Points. The new requirements are:

A swing handstand forward, 2 seconds (mini­

!sequence 93 Value D+C D+E

Bonus 97 Value Bonus 0.0 0.2

mum C).

. Lay Front, Tuck Front, Tk Front I . Lay Front, Lay Front, Lay 1/1

0.2 C + B A swing handstand backward, 2seconds (mini­mum C). 0.5 C + D

Pommel Horse 1. Requirements-the scissor and 3-hand skill on one pommel

remain the same as in the 1993 Code of Points. However, the requirement for a B skill on each end of the horse has been modified. The new requirement states a move of value must be done on each end. This move could be an A, B, C, D, or of E value. This is a major change especially for the junior program.

2. Main difficulty changes:

Single pommel Russian; C

Flair handstand (dismount or continue without turning) ; B

A lower from a handstand to a circle or flair is the same value, one letter upgrade. All other handstand upgrade rules are as in the 1993 Code of Points but need 360 degree turn (not 270 degrees).

Regardless of the composition of flops, the gymnast may perform only two sequences of D or E flops or one combina­tion of D+ E flops. The third set of such flops is repetitious.

With the exception of side travel frontways, all side travels on pommel or leather are B's.

All 3/3 travels in cross support are D value regardless of hand placement.

Flair spindle in one circle; D.

Two circles with hands outside the pommels; C.

All 1/2 turns (except Schwabenflank or forward Wendeswings) are B's (i.e. Kehr, Czech, back Stockli, DSB or

A strength hold, 2 seconds (minimum B).

2. Main difficulty changes:

Cross; L-cross ; B, therefore all swings to L-cross will be a C.

Double layout 1/1 dismount; D, the pike-layout wording will be eliminated, but will be a C.

L cross pull up; C.

From planche, straight arm, straight body press to held handstand; C

3. Other interpretations

Value raising will occur for swing elements ending in a strength element (example, kip to immediate L cross; C). There will be limited value raising for connecting strength elements (example, L cross pull up; C, However, planche press to inverted cross; E).

During a combination of strength hold followed by strength press, any deduction for poor position during of the hold will also apply again to the press provided the poor position has made the press easier. If the hold is not recognized, then the press is also not recognized.

Connections of swing elements following strength hold positions will receive bonus only if the held position has a value of at least C.

All cross strap work will receive the same value as regular swing work.

COImection bonus is mostly for direct connections of swing elements, however, the second element of a direct combina­tion may lead to a strength hold position.

NOTE: There will be no connection bonus for pure strength combinations!

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

tt

" A 19

I

" A. 20

Men's Gymnastics

Sequence Magyar - L,P,P,L L-cross

93 Value C

Bonus 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3

97 Value D

Bonus 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Horizontal Bar 1. Requirements-The requirements

are identical to the 1993 Code of Points.

C L-cross, pull up D

D+D D+D

Kip, L-cross, and pull up Back uprise planche, press handstand

Vault The vaulting rules have not yet been finalized and are subject to

the greatest changes.

1. Main difficulty changes:

The A, B, C, D, E categories have been eliminated. Each vault will have a value. The values range between 7.2 and 10.0.

The 1997 Code of Points contains approximately 163 vaults (86 in the1993 Code of Points).

2. Other interpretations

The "virtuosity bonus" for distance has been eliminated.

Axis evaluation change is as follows: Two parallel lines 40 cm to the left and right of the center of the horse are to be marked on the landing surface. Upon the landing of the vault, both feet are to land between

Sequence

B C C+C D + C - no connect 0.1

2. Main difficulty changes:

The Quast family of elements will be listed as giants with hops rather than flight elements.

An over or under grip one arm giant = B

One arm giant to one arm Tkatchev = B+C not D

3. Other interpretations

The three A-part rule for the mount is eliminated.

All elements with wrong grip have the same value and Code number as with normal grip.

All elements on, from or to one arm have the same Code number as with two arms. The exceptions will be listed in the difficulty tables.

An extra connection bonus of 0.1 is available for directly connected C-value flight elements.

Only two one arm elements will be permitted.

the lines for no axis deduction. If one foot touches or crosses over the line, 0.1 is to be deducted. If both feet touch or cross over the line, 0.2 is to be deducted.

Overgrip Endo, Overgrip Endo pirouette • Tkatchev, Tkatchev, Gienger

Sequence Handspring 1/1 Handspring front (pike) Layout Tsukahara Layout Kasamatsu Layout Kasamatsu with 1/2 Yurchenko (straight) Yurchenko 1/ 1 (straight)

Parallel Bars

93 Value 8.9 9.2 9.2 9.5 9.8 9.2 9.5

97 Value 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.4 9.5 9.0 9.4

1. Requirements-The requirements are identical to the 1993 Code of Points.

2. Main difficulty changes:

None

3. Other interpretations

NO VALUE RAISING!

Connection bonus w ill be available only for connected swing elements that continue in the same direction. A "D" skill following a Stutzkehr, or swinging down after a glide kip reverse straddle cut will not receive connection bonus.

The straddle or s toop Endo COlu"lections on one rail will be eligible for bonus because there is no other connection possibili ty.

Composition Strategies 1. Connection bonus is unlimited. Try to find as many different

ways to connect a D with a C on both ends. C+ D+C = 0.3 bonus. Look for D+ E+ D combination (the 3 skills get 0.8 bonus). Look for C+D+E+D+C combination (the 5 skills get 1.1 bonus).

2. Use your most difficult element twice or the element which can easily be connected to a C on both sides to maximize the connection bonus.

3. Try not to use D+D combinations. D+O = 0.3 bonus. Sandw ich D's as much as possible with C's. C+O+C+D +C = 0.6 bonus.

4. The new repetition rule will demand that gymnasts and coaches diversify and find as many different C's, D's, and E's as pos­sible. No longer will routines be built around a few skills in differing combination.

Acknowledgements Special thanks in the preparation of this document to Bill

Roetzheim, George Beckstead, Dave Juszczyk, Jim Leo, Ted Muzyczko, Brian Richmond, and Butch Zunich.

Sequence 93 Value Bonus 97 Value Bonus Healy, Healy, hop 1/2 Healy, front toss, hop 1/2 C Stutz immed. pike double back

C + D + D 0.3 C + C + C 0.0 C + D + D 0.3 C + C + C 0.0 C + D 0.2 C + D 0.1

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

,

10 •• ,

Reaely , , ,

PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS VIDEO

. - , A video with the healthy and happy athlete in mind . .. featuring Dr. Joan Duda, USA Gymnastics National Team Sport Psychology Consultant, and Mary Lou Retton, 1984 Olympic Gold Medalist.

, , For athletes: This video sets the stage for better com­munication between you and your coaches/parents so that your sport experience can be maximized. Learn how ath­letes stay motivated and confident.

For parents and coaches: Learn how you can create an environment that fosters high self esteem and positive body image among young athletes.

First two parts of this video series are available for $4.95 each from USA Gymnastics Merchan­dise Department, PO. Box 5562, Indianapolis, IN 46255-5562. Tel: 317-237-5060

USA GYMNASTICS ORDER FORM

NUTRITIONAL READINESS VIDEO A video with the healthy athlete in mind ... featuring Dr. Dan Benardot, USA Gymnastics National Team Nutritionist, and Mary Lou

• , Retton, 1984 Olympic Gold Medalist.

, •

For athletes: Your performance is affected by your diet. Learn how and what to eat to excel. Answers your questions about what to eat: most of the time, before exercise, during exercise and after exercise.

For parents and coaches: This video was designed to educate about proper nutrition and to explain the hazards of eating disorders.

I o .A 22

Administration

USA GYMNASTICS -1996 BUDGET

As USA Gymnastics draws closer to the 1996 Olympic Games, our level of activity will in­crease to plateaus never reached before. Below is a Budget Summary for 1995 and 1996 which lists activity by Department.

Income Events

Merchandising

USOC

Safety and Education

Marketing

Membership

Interest

Foundation

Misc. Events

Sanctions

Mise.

Total Revenues

Expenses Events

Merchandising

Safety and Education

Marketing/Publications

Membership

Program

FIG

President's Office

Administrative

Total Expenses

Net Revenues

Revised 1995

$475,501

507,000

984,443

648,320

4,654,537

4,512,897

40,000

36,000

37,380

45,000

39,000

11,980,078

$1,862,015

557,387

607,882

1,460,881

3,277,584

2,678,602

225,170

61,400

1,247,097

11,978,018

2,060

1996

$435,000

596,000

1,187,777

738,410

5,563,285

4,723,097

40,000

40,000

90,800

45,000

40,000

13,499,369

$2,211,602

704,190

746,809

1,320,406

3,433,584

3,137,025

504,036

80,450

1,359,951

13,498,053

1,316

Budget amounts are categorized by area of responsibility, not necessarily by profit center. For example, income related to Events is split between the Events Department and the Market­ing Department.

Application of Budgeted Net Difference between 1995 and 1996

Program (M, W, R)

Administrative

President's Office and Board

FIG

Notes:

$458,423

112,854

19,050

278,866

869,193

1. Program variances between budgeted 1995 and 1996

1995 1996 Change

Women $1,226,373 $1,639,047 $412,674

Men 973,528 976,576 3,048

Rhythmic 478,701 521,402 42,701

2,678,602 3,137,025 458,423

2. Administrative change includes salary adjustments for entire staff which will be reallocated to departments at a later date and costs related to computer technology up­grades, staffing, maintenance, and amortization.

3. The FIG increase is the result of hosting the FIG Congress and Men's and Women's Intercontinental courses.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Our consignment program has already helped hundreds of pro shops across the country become successful and profitable. Why not choose the GK consignment program for your pro shop and start earning extra profits with ...

NO INVESTMENT! and NO RISK!

Our consignment program offers packages for: PRO SHOPS • MEETS • SUMMER CAMPS

With each consignment package ... You will receive a new assortment of prints and solids from our variety print collection. Your packages are specifically tailored to your gym's needs such as quantity, sizes and styles.

And. .. Since you only pay for what you've sold and you may return the rest of the package there is ...

NO INVESTMENT! and NO RISK!

Plus ... In addition to receiving consignment merchandise at wholesale pricee, you'll be able to purchaee all GK producte including team apparel at our low wholesale pricee too.

!?@{f f!iJiJ@{f@ om)(!@{ff!iJiJfffJ110@[Ji) @[Ji) (}iJ@ww Sf'@{lj} ©fffJ[Ji) [@@11 ~l1fffJ{f[1@@j @[Ji) @{lj} (f ©@[Ji)~O[@[Ji) !!iJV@[Ji)11 fPJ{f@[@{ffffJf!iJiJ9 D {lj}~11 ©fffJ 00 @{lj} {f ©{lj}~11@f!iJiJ@{f

~@!fWO©@ @@[pJfffJ{f[1f!iJiJ@[Ji)l1 fffJl111 C1ftJ@@C12J4J~C14J@ftJ?C

Elite Sportswear, L.P. • 1230 Spruce Street • Reading, PA 19602

Biomechanics

HANDSTAND TO STUTZKEHRE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE

i ANATOMICAL AND MECHANICAL ., i~ Dr. William L. Cornelius

24 Texas Woman's Ul1iversih)

U nderstanding and utilizing biomechanical principles is an important means by which the gymnastics com­munity can procure effective performances. This can be implemented by being acutely aware of how body

segments are effectively manipulated during a performance. It is essential to provide a means by which the gymnast can be more competent while performing on the apparatus. As the coach and athlete collectively deal with this matter by sharing ideas, they come face to face with the need to understand relationships be­tween anatomical and mechanical concerns. Discerning how an artistic performance occurs depends a great deal on a biomechani­cal perspective. We simply must grasp the relationship between a gymnast and his environment and how these act as mechanisms of motion.

There is an interrelationship between those aspects that are internal and external to the human system. Figure 1 provides a means by which a discussion can take place concerning the ana­tomical and mechanical aspects of human motion. The handstand to a stutzkehre combination depicts both static and d ynamic skills and serves to illustrate anatomical and mechanical inseparability.

FRAMES: 1

Biomechanical Analysis Static equilibrium

2 3 4 5

The combination begins with a handstand position and serves to illustrate the vertical alignment of body segments over the base of support at the hands (frame 1). Static equilibrium exists when the line of gravity is within the base of support. This is secured only when the gymnast's center of gravity is over the base of support.

Static equilibrium is improved when major joints are stabilized

by recruiting specific muscle fiber types in particular muscle groups. Stabilizing joints at the elbow, shoulder complex, back, and pelvis are particularly important. The elbow joint is best stabilized when fully extended. This prepares the gymnast for controlling forward swing in frames 2-5. The shoulder girdle (scapula and clavicle) is elevated, and related articulations stabi­lized, in order to facilitate a hollow chest position. Pelvic align­ment is secured by adequate strength in the abdominal and ham­string muscles because these muscle groups reduce anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar hyperextension. This is augmented by proper levels of flexibility in hip flexor and erector spinae muscle groups. Consequently, securing a straight handstand In equilibrium is highly dependent on a strength balance between agonist and antagonist muscle groups, along with related connective tissue flexibility.

Body segments and the tap A beat or tap action at the bottom of the swing (frames 3-4)

creates a reaction force from the bars that acts as an upward motive force. The effects of the tap action can accentuate the angular

6 7

momentum phenomenon when prepa­ratory body segment position occurs. A hollow chest position out of the hand­stand assists in setting up the tap ac­tion. The following are necessary se­quential anatomical adjustments when moving into the tap: a) chest leading and legs trailing in order to position the body prior to the bottom of the swing, b) lowering the total center of gravity by relaxing the shoulder girdle into the bottom point of the swing, and c) pull­ing backward on the bar and quickly moving the legs forward out of the swing bottom. Tapping technique fol­lows the point where the chest passes the bottom of the swing. The purpose of the tap is to maximize the relationship between movements of the gymnast's

shoulder girdle, bar reaction force, and resulting increased angu­lar velocity of the lower body at the hip joints. The effects of the resistive force of gravity during the forward swing (following frame 3) are reduced when the tap action is well timed. Such relationships are important in implementing sufficient angular momentum for a dynamic stutzkehre forward.

Elbow joint locking mechanism Parallel bar swing in straight arm support requires that there be

anatomical adjustments at the proximal radioulnar and glenohumeral joints. Particular adjustments at these joints provide

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Biomechanics

a locking mechanism for maintenance of full elbow extension. The elbow joint is uniaxial and only allows flexion and extension. This hinge joint does not permit motion around the longitudinal axis; therefore, necessary anatomical adjustments are made at associ­ated articulations.

Effective swing teclu1ique is reliant on an atomical adjustment. Necessary preparation occurs tlu'ough supination of the lower arm at the radioulnar joint and slight outward rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint. These movements are around the longitudinal axis in the transverse plane. The result is to limit elbow joint flexion created from a buckling action at the bottom point in the swing. TI1is can be problematic when an explosive maneuver is required. The pull of gravity is difficult to control unless the anterior elbow is facing forward immediately prior to and at the bottom of the swing (frame 3). The locking mechanism is particularly relevant w hen coupled with the effects of high levels of centrifugal force created in angular motion. The gynmast fl ies away from the axis of rotation w hen support is lost due to the bucking effect. Consequently, the gymnast's anatomical structure serves to maintain control, at tl1is critical point in the swing, and positions the body segments to receive the inwardly directed centripetal force from the bars in order to counteract centrifugal force.

Maximizing forward angular displa(ement Angular displacement on the forward swing (frames 1-5) can be

maximized by releasing one bar (frame 5). The result is increased range of motion and a continued ability to control angular momen­tum (product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity). On the other hand, the anatomical limitation connected with hyperex­tension occurs at the shoulder joints when holding on too long w ith both hands. Value in the teclu1ique of releasing with one hand, prior to the point of anatomical limitation, cannot be over­stated. The effectiveness of a one hand release can be further reinforced by slightly flexing the head at the cervical vertebra (frames 3-5). Neck flexion reduces the tendency to move the shoulder backward beyond the vertical line that passes through the base of su pport at the hands (Watanabe, 1995). The single hand base of support allows the forward swing to continue longer and permits the application of a backwardly directed action force on the bar. Hand contact with the bar can result in a forwardly directed external reaction force that is crucial to controlling the shoulder position and provides a mechanism for increasing angu­lar momentum. It is more likely that a handstand position can be attained in frame 6 with the release of one hand prior to the position shown in frame 5, rather than simultaneous release of both hands.

Multiaxial rotation Rotation of the gynmast' s body during the stutzkehre is around

both the primary mediolateral axis (frames 2-7) and the secondary longitudinal axis (frames 5-7) . Maximizing angular momentum about the primary axis is essential if there is to be an acceptable position at the completion of the stutzkehre (frame 7). There must be sufficient transfer of angular momentum from the primary axis to the secondary axis, yet enough continued angular momentum about the primary axis throughout the s tutzkehre.

The generated angular momentum shown in frames 2-5 is directly related to the magnitude of that w l1ich is produced while in bar support (Kreighbaum and Barthels, 1990). Angular momen­tum produced in the first part of the combination around the mediolateral axis (frames 1-5) is dependent on torques external to the gymnast. Utilizing the gravity torque by elongating the body from frame 1 to a point just shy of frame 3, use of the bar relation torque generated from a tap action beginning just prior to frame 3,

and reaction torque from pulling on the bars (frames 3-5), are effective mechanisms for producing angular momentum. There must be sufficient angular momentum entering the second phase of the combination (frames 3-7) for rotating effectively around both axes. These techniques should be fully exploited during support because additional angular momentum is not possible once free of support (frame 6) .

Rotating the human system during p erformance of the stutzkehre embodies conservation of angular momentum. This mechanical princi pIe is relevant while in bar support as well as free of support. From the point of releasing one hand, through the point at w hich both hands recontact the parallel bars, provides an important opportunity for having a positive effect on the rate a t which the elongated body rotates around the secondary axis (frames 5-7). While maintaining an extended support arm and torso, the free or unsupported ann can act to reduce the moment of inertia (rotational inertia) by bending at the elbow joint in frame 5. The moment of inertia can be further decreased while free of support by decreasing the length of both arms in frame 6. This results in greater angular velocity and assis ts in completing the 180 degree turn in preparation for subsequent gymnastics skills.

Angular momentum is the primary principle related to rotating the body and conservation of this vector quantity is essential if insufficient angular momentum exists around the longitudinal axis w hen free of support. External torque must be present to increase or decrease angular momentum; therefore, conservation of angular momentum occurs in fr ame 6. Furthermore, the stutzkehre forward w ill not reach a handstand position (frame 7) unless there is sufficient angular momentum present around the mediolateral axis in the sagittal plane at release (frame 5). Transfer of angular momentum from the mediolateral axis to the longitudi­nal axis can take place in both support or free of support. However, overall angular momentum cannot be changed w hile free of sup­port unless there is the presence of external torque. In this case, gravity acts only to reduce angular momentum in frame 6 when the gymn ast is dissociated from the bar.

Summary The interrelationships between anatomical and mechanical

aspects of human motion permeate gymnastics activity. One ef­fects the other. The athlete and coach should strive to open lines of communication and continue to study movement and it's scien­tific principles. Effective gymnastics performance and progressive change can otherwise be evasive.

References and Acknowledgements Kreighbaum, E., and Barthels, K.M. (1990). Biomechanics: A qualita­

tive approach for studying human movement (3rd edition). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Watanabe, M. (September 9, 1995). Parallel bar swing. Gymnastics Association of Texas Annual Meeting. Austin, Texas.

Figure 1 was based on drawings by H. Mizoguchi in the USA Gymnastics Junior Olympic Age Group Compulsories.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

I

" A 25

r----------

I

:1 I I

TO ORDER ANY U5A GYMNASTICS MERCHANDISE PRESENTED IN THIS ISSUE, PLEASE COMPLETE THIS ORDER fORM.

USA GYMNASTICS ORDER FORM

NAME PHONE

U~~S ____________ __________________ __________ _____________________ _

CITY __________________ ____________ _ STATE ZIP

CHARGE: OMC o VISA o AMEX o DISCOVER EXP. DATE __________________ _

CARD # SIGNATURE

lTEM # DESCRIPTION SIZE QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

SEND ORDERS AND MAKE CHECKS USA SUBTOTAL PAYABLE TO:

USA GYMNASTICS GYMNASTICS

SHIPPING & HANDLING' LOCKERROOM 'SHIPPING & HANDLING PO BOX 5562, SI5 AND UIIOER ADD S4 IN RESIDENTS ADD 5% SALES TAX

NDIANAPOLIS, IN 46255·5562 SI5.01-S50 ADO S5 1-800-4-USA-GYM S50.01-S100 ADO S6

TOTAL AMOUNT PAYABLE OVER SIOO.OI ADO S9

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

------------------------------~ 1296 L _______________ _

YOUTH Royal/Orange Y oulh Sweatshirt

#79401 -T18 (YM,Yl) WAS __ ..... 530.00

NOW _ ... . .. $25.50

Y oulh i\Lslrad (iymnaslTee

#39111-40 (YM,Yl) WAS ....... $15.00

NOW ...... . $10.00

Purple Team logo Tee

#93700-T20 (YM,Yl,YXl) WAS ....... $15.00

NOW ........ $8.00

New Flag Tee #93 150-50 (YM,Yl) WAS ....... $15.00

NOW _______ $13_95

Graphic Wind Jact.et #79411-Tl8 (Yl ONLY) WAS ....... $34.50

NOW ....... $29.33

ADULT Adult Ahstrad Gymnast Tee

#39111-40 (M ONLY) WAS. _ .... 515.00

NOW ....... $10.00

Groo~e Warnl-up #119000-A51 (S,M,l) WAS . . ..... 590.00

NOW ....... $75.00

Vested Jac:t.et #111 00-A51 (S,M) WAS ... . ... 5S0.00

NOW ... .... $45.00

Solid Blue Wind Jact.et

#39404-SI0 (S,M,l) WAS . . . .... $35.00

NOW ... .... $25.00

Purple French Terry Bit.eShort

#39411 -S97 (S,M,l) WAS . ... ... 522.00

NOW ..... . . $15.00

Blad. Wind Pant #39309-49 (WOMEN-S,M,l) WAS .. .. . .. 525.00

NOW .... . .. $20.00

Teal Wind Pant #39309-A40 (WOMEN-5,M) WAS .. .. .. . 525.00

NOW .. . .. . . $20.00

Ash Mesh logo Tee #94105-40 (M,l) WAS . . .. ... 515.00

NOW ....... $10.00

Na"y logo Jersey Shorts

#19406-Tl9 (5,M,l,Xl) WAS ....... 522.00

NOW ..... . . $18.00

Ash logo Jersey Shorts

#49326-40 (5,M,l,Xl) WAS ... . .. . 525.00

NOW ....... $15.00

Jade/Nary Jersey Shorts

#69403-585 (M,L,Xl) WAS .. .. ... 522.00

NOW ....... $15.00

Purple/Royal Blue Jersey Shorts

#69403-T20 (S,M,l,Xl) WAS ... _ ... $22.00

NOW ....... $15.00

Jade/Nary Corporate Wind Jad.et

#49406-585 (S,M,l,Xl) WAS ....... $45.00

NOW ... . . .. $30.00

New Flag Tee #93150-50 (M,Xl) WAS ..... _.51 5.00

NOW ....... $13.95

Blac:t. Bit.e Shorts #21300-49 (5,M,L) WAS _ . _ . _ .. $24.00

NOW .. . .... $21.00

Allprodud £a .... ies the USA

(iyrnnastic:s mal'''.

limited §ize§ and quantitie§ aYaiiaLle-§o order NOW.

CaD 1-800-4-USA-GYM

History

THE SYMBOLIC LEGACY OF AMERICAN GYMNASTICS

A.B. Frederick, Ph. D.

G ymnastics and tumbling are thousands of years old. The evidence for tumbling in particular suggests that it is one of the oldest physical activities in existence rivaled only by various types of dance activity. (1)

Early evidence of the existence of gymnastics activity consists of hieroglyphics, art, statuary, and literature. Rudimentary forms of gymnastics were practiced by the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and during the Dark Ages.

Another way to recall highlights of our gymnastics forebears is to examine symbols and artifacts that, in their time, were well known. Examples of carvings, patches, logos, and other organiza­tional representations are found on the accompanying chart. (2) From 1848 until World War II, gymnastics practiced by various ethnic groups and clubs produced an array of patches, logos, and symbolic representations . These are the symbols of our sport and should be preserved in a special way.

Hieroglyphics from ancient Egypt are among the archaic evi­dence of gymnastics activity. Observe the girls and women per­forming back bends or perhaps forward limbers in Figure 1. Athletic artifacts from ancient sites have been carefully docu­mented by the Egyptian Olympic Committee. (3) One of the most frequently cited evidence of primitive gymnasticsis the fresco in Crete showing a leap over a bull. This kind of activity has been studied by Professor James G. Thompson of Penn State University. (4) One interpretation of the leap is that it was done from the side over the bull's back with a cartwheel-like action perpendicular to the path of the charging bull; hence an early example of vaulting. See representation in Figure 2.

After he founded his playground in Berlin in 1811, F. L. Jahn, the father of modern gymnastics, created the root term "Turn" (5) which he believed (erroneously) to be of Germanic origin. He spoke about the "Gymnastic Art" or "Turnkunst" that appeared on the first diamond-shaped patch worn by his followers (Figure 3). The dates on the patch refer to some beginnings and endings in German history with the founding of "Turnkunst" being an im­portant element in rejecting French culture. It is ironic that "Turn" may actually be of French origin. (5)

The "Turnkunst" patch was replaced shortly after 1814 when a coppersmith, Heinrich Felsing, proposed a four "F" symbol for Jahn's gymnastics "Turnen." (7) The "F' s" denoted "Frisch," "Frei," "Frohlich," and "Fromm" (fresh, free, joyful, and devout). The original Felsing symbol is shown in Figure 4. The four F's were seen frequently in early American gymnastics clubs and persist throughout European gymnastics today. The symbol was readily adopted by J ahn who described the four F's as representative of the "Riches of the Turners." (8)

The four F's were partially replaced by some Turner groups who substituted an "S" and "T" for two of the F's (see Figure 5). Emerging Worker's Gymnastics and Sport Societies (9) rejected these joyful and pious symbols favoring in their place "Stark"

(strong) and "Treu" (true) as more typical of mature workers and the goals of the Turners. Both symbols appear on some certificates issued by the Normal School of the North American Gymnastics Union in Indianapolis in order to show support for all societies. The spiritual aspect represented by the fourth F (" fromm" =

devout or pious) was also distasteful to some. The Milwaukee Turners apparently adopted the worker's symbol and it is dis­played in other materials published by the former North American Gymnastic Union. After World War I, these symbols were infre­quently seen in American gymnastics. Others did not wish the four F symbol to become confused with the 4F classification of the military-the latter carrying a negative connotation. The last promi­nent American gymnast to wear the four "F' s was Frank Cumiskey when he tried out for and made, the 1948 Olympic team. (See Figure 11, the logo for the Hudson County Swiss Turnverein.)

In the earl y 30' s the American Turners adopted a very common symbol of American sporting groups .. . the Greek discobolus. (10) Variations of the logo are shown in Figure 6. Displayed on the left is the Worker's "Frisch, Frei, Stark, and Treu" and the "North American Gymnastic Union," the central organizing body of the Turners is on the right. The center patch shows the adoption of the Roman dictum, Mens sana in corpore sanD. (A sound mind in a sound body.) (11) Note that the Turners then identified themselves as members of the American Gymnastic Union. The last progression was to the American Turners with "Sound mind, sound body" displayed in English. Three time Olympian, Jack Beckner, of the Los Angeles Turners won the last of his four national all around titles in 1959. The LA Turners had accumulated seven national team titles. Since then, the Turners have not played a prominent role in national competition although a few gymnasts continued to represent various Turner clubs.

The seal of the Amateur Athletic Union (A AU), the original governing body for gymnastics and a host of other American amateur sports appeared early in its history. The AAU was founded in 1888 and the first official gymnastics championships were held that year although AAU champions are listed from 1885. The AAU seal (Figure 7) shows Victory extending her wreath. The more common logo of the AAU is shown on the right in Figure 7. With the emergence of the United States Gymnastics Federation (USGF), the AAU finally lost its status as the gymnastics governing body in 1970. The USGF was the first independent governing body de­voted exclusively to gymnastics.

For the first 19 years of its existence, the USGF employed the familiar oval logo on its official documents and patches. (See Figure 8) It shows a male and female gymnast framed in a map of the United States. In 1982, a logo incorporating figures represent­ing the three disciplines governed by the Federation appeared. The present logo (established initially for marketing purposes) has replaced the USGF representation and the governing body is now known as USA Gymnastics (USAG). A portion of the present trade mark first appeared on the September-October 1986 cover of the

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

I

" A. 27

#1

#6

•• ~ #9

USA GYMNASTIC~

#4

History

Early evidence of

the existence of

gymnastics activity

consists of

hieroglyphics, art,

statuary, and

literature.

Rudimentary forms

of gymnastics were

practiced by the

Egyptians, Greeks,

Romans, and

during the Dark

Ages.

#14

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

#5

•

hacgc

History

Illustration sub-titles

1. Female tumblers carved on the temple wall of Deir el Bahri (Egypt) 1554-1306 BC

2. Cretan bull leaper from a fresco in a cave in Knossos. 2000-1400 BC

3. The earlest example of a patch worn by followers ofJahn.

4. Heinrich Felsing's four "F" symbol designed for Jahn.

5. Alternate symbol used by the so-called workers gymnas­tics societies .

6. American Turners symbols featuring the discobolus.

7. Early and later logo and patch for the Amateur Athletic Union.

8. Early andllater hallmarks of the United States Gymnas­tics (USA Gymnastics).

9. Symbols for the YMCA; Gulick's triangle and present corporate logo.

10. Symbols of the NCAA; before women's competition and after.

11. Famous club logos 1900-19500; New York Turnverein, Philadelphia Turngemeinde, and the Hudson County Swiss Turners.

12. The Sokol mevement symbol.

13. Hall of Fame sponsors: Helms Athletic Foundation, Citizen's Savings Athletic Foundation, and the Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles.

14. National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Coaches (nowCGA).

official magazine of the federation. The official periodical had changed its name to USA Gymnastics in 1984.

The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) originated in England in 1844 and by Century's end provided many gymnasia for British youth. In 1869, "Y" facilities were opened in San Francisco and New York City. Leaders from the latter discovered that a School for Christian Workers had been established in 1885 in Springfield, Massachusetts. Although there was resistance, a divi­sion of the School for Christian Workers became the YMCA Train­ing School in 1889 since there was a need for the special prepara­tionof physical (education) directors. A year later itwas designated the International YMCA Training School and separated its connec­tion with the School for Christian Workers. Luther Gulick, 23 years old, was hired to head up the physical education program in 1887. He was active in gymnastics, the first varsity sport at the college. The Gulick award, named for the first director, is the premier honor given in the fields of health and physical education. (12) Gulick, an anti-smoking advocate, was responsible for devising the well-known triangle of the YMCA seen toady in its registered trademark (Figure 9). He added "Spirit" to Juvenal's Mind/Body dictum resulting in the Training school's emblem shown in Figure 9. From Springfield College, as it is now known, came many of the first collegiate coaches among whom are Hartley Price, Ralph Piper, Leslie Judd, Lyle Welser, Charles Graves, Pat Yeager, Ray Heidloff, and Wilbur West. The first six named are honored in the National Gymnastics Hall of Fame.

Collegiate gymnastics had its beginnings in Chicago and the New York City region around the turn of the present century. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) was established in 1906 to save intercollegiate football. President Theodore Roosevelt had threatened to ban the sport if it continued to produce an inordinate number of deaths. The NCAA added gym­nastics to its roster of sponsored national championships in 1938 At the time the logo showed the wreath of victory being placed on the head of a male athlete (see Figure 10). The logo changed with 9 the addition of women's sports to the program in the late 70' s. The ., first NCAA national women's gymnastics championships was held in 1982. Collegiate women's gymnastics had been champi- A oned earlier by Herb Vogel, one of the first honorees of the 29 women's section of the National Gym.nastics Hall of Fame. He offered an open invitational meet for women in 1965 at Southern Illinois University.

Three of the clubs that dominated the sport in the first half of the present century were the New York Turnverein (NYTV), the Philadelphia Turngemeinde (PTG), (13) and the Swiss Turnverein of Hudson County, New Jersey. Their emblems are displayed in Figure 11. In Figure 12, two emblems of the Sokol (meaning "Falcon") clubs are displayed. Three time Olympian, Frank Kriz of the Bohemian Sokol in New York was the first acknowledged Olympic gold medal winner from the United States. The 1904 St. Louis Olympiad produced a number of medal winners from various American Turner Societies but only American teams com­peted. No foreign teams were present.

It is interesting to note that when the Sokol stamp was issued by the United States Postal Service in 1965, the discobolus was de­picted rather than more typical Sokol symbols such as the falcon shown in Figure 12. The falcon has deep meaning for Eastern European gymnastics societies including the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland. The fitness movement was booming in 1965 and the discobolus symbol was recognized by many Americans as having something to do with "staying in shape" since it was used by a number of athletic organizations.

The Helms Athletic Foundation seal adopted in 1936 appears on the early certificates (1959-1970) issued to honorees of the National Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Thereafter several California banks issued the certificates. The Helms seal and that of the Citizen's Savings Athletic Foundation also feature the disco bolus. Following the 1984 Olympics, the Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles (AAFLA) was founded and eventually acquired all of the materials collected originally by the Helms family. They also continued to support Halls of Fame for various amateur sports. Since 1988, certificates issued to National GYIlmastics Hall of Fame honorees bear the seal of the AAFLA whose design is derived appropriately from that of the 1984 Los Angeles OlympIad. See Figure 13.

Finally, the logo of the National Association of Collegiate Gymnastic Coaches is displayed in Figure 14. The original organi­zation was called the National Association of American Gymnas­tics Coaches (14) (NAAGC) and was organized at a ten minute meeting by 13 collegiate coaches at the 1950 NCAA Champion­ships held at West Point. After the death of Roy E. Moore (15) in 1957, the NAAGC made arrangements with the Helms Athletic Foundation to establish a Hall of Fame for gymnastics. This was accomplished under the leader$hip of George Szypula of Michi­gan State University. The first group of Helms/NAAGC honorees including Moore, was presented in 1959. Honorees have been elected in almost every year since. (16) Women, including men who served as their coaches, have been elected to the Hall of Fame since 1974.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

I

" .A 30

History

It is the writers hope that as the responsibility for the Hall of Fame program is assumed by the national governing body that some of our rich history and its symbolism will be preserved in the design of certificates issued by the Hall of Fame Selection Commit­tee . This responsibility is likely to begin in 1997 with the first group of honorees to be elected by a USAG Hall of Fame Selection Committee presented at the 1997 Congress in Denver, Colorado.

References Frederick, A. B. Physical Education More or Less-A History of the

Mind-Body Problem from the Point of View of an Educator. Philosophical Seminar. Brockport. NY. 1978 (Unpublished).

-----f Halls of Fame for Gymnastics: A Chronology-1900-1993. Technique, Nov.-Dec., 1994, pp. 5-7.

_____ , National Collegiate Meets for Women (1965-1994). Wilmington, Del.: The Author, 1994.

-----f Roots of American Gymnastics. Wilmington, Del: . The Au­thor, 1995.

Garvey, Richard c., The Springfield College Family Album. Spring­field, Mass. Springfield College, 1984.

Gasch. R Handbuch des gesmnte Turnwesen (Encyclopedia of Gym­nastics) Vols . 1&11 Leipzig, GER Lion Publishers, 1928.

Jahn, F.L. and Eiselen, E. Die Deutsche Turnkunst. Berlin, 1816.

Lynch, Harold C. The Joy of Effort: The Story of Gymnastics at Springfield College. Springfield, MA: Fall Homecoming Com­mittee, 1969.

Metzner, Henry. A Brief History of the North American Gymnastics Union (Commemoration of the Opening of the Hasenheide by F L Jahn in 1811). Indianapolis IN: The National Executive Committee of the North American Gymnastic Union, 1911.

McCurdy, J.H . Pioneers in Physical Training. Springfield, Mass. International YMCA Training School. Undated.

-----f Physical Education as a Profession. Springfield, Mass.: Inter­national YMCA College, Undated.

Neumann, Herbert. Ed., Deutsche Tumfeste Bad Homburg, GmbH: Limpert Verlag, 1985.

Prestidge, Jim. The History of British Gymnastics. Slough ENGLAND: British Amateur Gymnastics Assoc ., Centennial Year, 1988.

Zwarg, Leopold. A Study of the Hisotry, Uses and Values of Apparatus in Physical Education. Philadelphia. Pa.: The Author, 1930.

Footnotes 1 Cotteral, Bonnie and Donnie, The Teaching of Stunts and Tum­

bling. NY:AS Barnes & Co., 1936 (Especially Ch. I, "Historical Sketch of Tumbling").

2 Numerals in the body of the article refer to those in the chart. They will be referred to in the body of the text as Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, etc.

3 A.E. Touney, Sports History with Ancient Egyptians, Cairo: The Egyptian Olymplic Committee, 1981.

4 e.g. "The Location of Bull-Sports: A Consideration of the Problem. Journal of Sport History, Spring, 1986 and "Clues to the Location of Minoan Bull-Jumping from the Palace at Knossos." (Same Journal).

5

6

7

8

9

"Turn" is the root word for gymnastics in German. e.g. Turner = gymnast; Turnhalle = gymnastics hall. Turnlehrer = gym­nastics teacher, etc. Jahn's Die Deu tsche Turnkunst (German Gymnastic Art) was published in 1816.

Alfred F Kierschner historian for the former New York Turnverein has provided the best explanation of the term " turn" as used by Jahn in his essay published in Ba/111 Frei reprinted in American Turner Topics (March-April, 1958. pp. 10-16).

"Turnen" (limited to gymnastics in modern German) had a much broader meaning in Jahn's time. Included were walk­ing, running, jumping, swinging, balancing, horizontal bar exercises, parallel bar exercises, climbing, throwing. pull/ push contests lifting, carrying, stretching, wrestling, and ex­ercises with hoops and ropes .

Jahn. F.L. and Eiselen. E Die Deutsche Turnkunst (German Gymnastic Art). Dresden, GER: Wilhelm Limpert publishers, 1928, p . 233.

Arbeiter turnvereins.

10 A Greek statue of a discus thrower. A statue of a discus thrower stands near the State Department in Washington, DC.

11 Attributed to the Roman satirist, Juvenal, and later to philoso­pher John Locke who declared. "A sound mind in a sound body is a short but full description of a happy state in this world."

12 A union of health-related fields known collectively as the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recre­ation, and Dance has a representative on the Board of Direc­tors of USAG. The YMCA is also represented on the Board.

13 Although the PTG produced many champions over the years, its women's gymnastics teams were most renowned. Most of the early all-around champions were from the PTC.

14 Note that the last three words of the organization begin with "A," "G," and "C." In reverse this gives "C," "G," and "A." The current organization changed its name in 1995 to the Collegiate Gymnastics Association or CGA.

15 Moore is known as the "Father" of American gymnastics.

16 Phillips. Chester. A Brief History of the National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Coaches. 1950-1967.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

General Gymnastics

STARTING A MOBILE GYMNASTICS BUSINESS FROM SCRATCH

Patty Spisak

M y mobile gymnastics business started out as noth­ing more than a favor for my son's preschool direc­tor. She asked me if I would come out of retirement to teach gym classes at the preschool in exchange

for Kristopher' s tuition. Since it would only take three hours out of my week, I obliged. I started with one panel mat, a 6 foot parachute, a pair of plastic jump ropes and cones, and a dozen rhythm sticks­all stuffed into our Toyota hatchback.

I've learned plenty since those days. What started out simply as a favor grew into a small business . Right away I realized I needed attendance sheets to keep track of students, lesson plans for three different age groups, a bookkeeping system to keep track of payments, and a budget for new equi pment! If I was going this far, then I might as well add a day to my sched­ule and expand to include another pre­school. Before I knew it, word of mouth had attracted three preschools and two daycares! Now I was cooking! Time to get"a, name for my business and a business checking account. Rising Star Gym­nastics was born.

Definition A mobile program, most simply explained, is a

program where you bring your equipment to the clients location. This program offers more than a gym­nastics bus program because you don't just target pre­schools. On the other hand, it' s less encompassing than a gymnas­tics facili ty .

Mobile vs. Facility There are definite advantages to starting mobile vsersus start-

ing out with it "big gym." Here are a few main reasons:

Money-Lower start-up costs and monthly expenses.

Time-You schedule clients for the time that you or your employees are available.

Affiliation-As an optional judge, I can work teaching gymnastics without the hassle of conflict of interest because I'm not working with a team.

Creative Control-Have you ever disagreedwith a gym owner about gymnastics philosophy, teclmique, or office policy? Well, here, you' re the boss! Although this doesn' t mean that you' re not open to knew ideas.

Building a base-Does a mobile program sound good but you' re still not ready to give up your dream of owning a gym? Well, this plan gets your name and reputation out there to the community. When, (if) you ever decide to go "big" you may have a student base of 1,000 or more.

Clients It's always a good idea to start with people who know

you and your reputation, such as your child's pre­school, daycare, or elementary schools. Yes, elemen­

tary schools . The working parents of the 90's are looking for quality after-school programs for their chil­

dren. Most PTA's are offering this type of program. Send them a flyer and your resume, then call

them. .., Where to Start Make a personal list of pros and cons

for staying where you are versus starting your own business. If the mobile pro­

gram wins, then it's time to get serious. You'll w ant to look into:

1. Reviewing your finances

start-up capitol

planning a monthly budget (tu­ition fees, registration fees, and monthly expenses)

2. Investigating your client base

3. Determining equipment needs

Here are a few equipment companies that you can call for free catalogs: American Athletic, Inc. (1-800-347-3978), Flaghouse, Inc. (1-800-793-7900), Gerstung (1-800-922-3575), Gibson (303-937-1012), Kimbo (1-800-631-2187), Mancino (1-800-336-6267), Resilite (717-473-3529), Rhythmic Gymnastics Inc. (201-343-7424), Spieth Anderson (1-800-331-8068), Sporttime (1-800-845-1535), ues (1-800-526-4756).

4. Liabili ty insurance

. You can check into insurance offered by USA Gymnastics (1-800-345-4719) or other agencies.

5. Design your flyer

. This should take a few weeks to complete. Good luck!

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

i

" A-II

Starting Up ...

panel mat

ropes/ cones

bean bags

limited office supplies

v Putting it in gear ...

elementary schools

trapezoid mat

junior-size spring board

partner equipment

General Gymnastics ~----------.----

six-foot parachute

rhythm sticks

masking tape

employees

floor beams

stilts

~

Rev it up ...

liability insurance policy

4-inch skill cushion

hoops / holders

tunnels

one-write checkbook system

~

The pedal's to the metal!

preschool bar

ma t cylinder mat

CD player and CD's

>

folding wedge mat

springers

scooter-boards

tape player/ tapes

computer 386, 60 HD

octagon

roll-up beams

team challenge equipment

introduction of warm-up games · new powerful computer

cellular phone

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

FREE CATALOG In NY 914-963-0005 Dept. GA26

You are the Multi-Sport business owner,

experienced, already part of progress, planning for the future, always moving forward I

ould it interest you t o be able to meet annually and brainstorm with other

progressive owners? Imagine the energy and power that cou ld be tapped with a meeting

mom ful l of so many creative, overtime minds! If you can see the advantage of this prospect,

you are ready for the Assoc iation of Childrens' Fitness Faci li ties. This is a very active

organization of directors of privately owned facilities. People who see the power of working

together to gain togethe r.

The purpose of AOCFF is to increase Member reve nues and profits while decreasing risk.

Membership Benefits include:

"Vita l Sig ns" newslet ter (a childrens" fitness trend adv isory)

Discounts as a prem ier buyi ng group for insurance, equipment & merchandise.

1-800 number giv in g you a network of co ll eagues to help make sound dec is ions.

Ad mi ss ion for 2 to the 1996 Summit in Dallas, TX (Apri l 26 - 28)

Need to know more? Ca ll AOCFF Office Ass'n of Childrens '

(208) 376 3641 AOCFF Frank Sahlei n, Exec utive Director Fitness Fac ilities

General Gymnastics

GYMNAESTRADA A GYM OWNER AND COACH'S

d PERSPECTIVE A 34 Dean Capelotti

Co-owner, Fallbrook Gymnastics Club 342 Industrial Way, Suite 103 Fallbrook, CA 92028 619-723-1345

W hat is General Gymnastics and what is all this fuss in GG? The number one reason is it's fun and exciting. Forming a about World Gymnaestrada and GymFest? These Performance Team will help you retain gymnasts and add a new are some of the questions I have been asked since re- element to your gymnasts' workout they will be excited about. In turning from the 10th World Gymnaestrada in Berlin. our gym we have a separate class for the Performance Team, and

General Gymnastics (GG) is a movement that originated in it is our most popular class. The kids enjoy the gym more and it Europe and is just getting off the ground in the United States. It carries over to their regular workouts. It is also an opportunity to differs from Artistic and Rhythmic Gymnastics because it uses bring people into your program that do not participate, like large group routines instead of individual performances. Routines parents. Currently we have eight parents on our Performance are choreographed to utilize the strengths of each participant. GG Team with four more considering joining. Every performance we is non-competitive and entertainment oriented. Performances can conduct generates inquiries from interested adults.

consist of groups as small as 10 to large groups with thousands of One of the biggest complaints I hear from gym owners is they participants. The beauty of GG is anything that is safe is accept- can't get any coverage in the newspaper when a gymnast does able-the performances use creativity and imagination, you can well. During the time we prepared for our trip to Germany, we had incorporate elements of artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gym- , seven Southern California newspapers write large articles nastics, cheer, dance, and anything else you wish to add. ~, t # on us with three of them being front page in the sports In Berlin we saw routines similar to a Broadway ~ . /';,:. ' section with color photos. Our local newspaper musical which used sets, costumes, dance, com- ~ • , , f devoted half the front sports page and carried edy routines, or folk dance groups. You name ~ { " six photos of our trip when we returned. it, we saw it! ~ () .~'. t ' Newspapers prefer group activities over in-

World Gymnaestrada is the Olympics of .. ...... dividual activities-there is more general in-Gen~r~ Gymnastics. In B.erlinmore than 20,000 .. , .) .... te~est fro~ the readership . For example, if you partiCIpants from 35 nations came to show off ~" , ~ ~ ~n~g 50 klds.to perform at a local theme ~ark, their talents. There were 26 stages where every • , . , ,- . \ . t~~ IS more ltkely to .~et covered than If an 20 minutes a new group performed. Performances , # , ' mdlvldual gymnast qualIfIes to a State Meet. An started at 9 a.m. and continued until 6 p.m. for an entire " , added bonus: If you perform at an amusement or week. Additionally, several countries conducted special theme park, then your group will usually get in for free.

evening performances in a theater-type setting featuring gym- How do you get started? First, request copies of GG tapes from nasts and dancers from their country. Having the opportunity to USA Gymnastics. USA Gymnastics has edited versions of the last meet people from all over the world is incredible. For our group, three National GymFests has a tape from the World Gymnaestrada this was the experience of a lifetime that they will never forget. If in Berlin. The tapes will give you ideas. If your gym, like ours, puts you are ever offered the opportunity to participate in World on shows or exhibitions for your parents, you already have a head Gymnaestrada-don't hesitate, go for it! (The next World start. I recommend you begin a separate class to concentrate on Gymnaestrada will be in Goteborg, Sweden in 1999.) performance routines. Fallbrook currently has five separate groups

National GymFest is the counterpart to the World based on age and ability leveL When your group has developed Gymnaestrada. It is a three-day event with an opening ceremony, about 30 minutes of performance routines, start performing at group performances, Gala closing performance, and many fun amusement/ theme parks, county fairs, street carnivals, or any social activities. USA Gymnastics has conducted three National other community events in your area. Watch for local and national GymFests-1993 (Indianapolis), 1994 (Palm Springs, Calif.), and GymFest events in Technique magazine. Most of all, be safe, use 1995 (Indianapolis). The National GymFest is usually held in late your imagination, and have fun!

October. Plans for the 1996 GymFest will be aIU10unced in a later If you would like to talk to me about how we got started, feel issue of Technique magazine. free to call me between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m., Pacific Coast Time, on any

This all sounds great, but why would I want my gym involved weekday.

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Women's Gymnastics/Book Review

MAKING YOURCHOICE OFACOLLEGE

Sandy Thielz and Kathy Feldmann

When applying to a college you should consider the following:

The academic standing and graduation rates of members of the gymnastics team. This information is published by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and should be available in the athletic office.

Check the stability of the gymnastics program. You can ask questions about the history and tradition of the team, coach­ing staff (length of tenure, full-time or part-time), size of squad, budget, support services, and lawsuits.

Determine if there is an academic program suitable to your interests. Always remember that your goal is to finish with an education.

Ask the coach if you will be competing-there are no guar­antees, but you should have a reasonable chance.

Determine if you will be eligible as a freshman. You can check with your guidance counselor about the NCAA Clear­inghouse. To obtain additional information about this, call the NCAA at 319-337-1492.

It is helpful to write a letter of introduction to the head coach.

Consider preparing a short video of your skills. Include a routine on each event.

Arrange a visit to the school to meet the head coach, to speak to some of the gymnasts on the team, visit the dorms and dining hall, etc.

Ask about practice times, schedules, academic support, as­sistant coaches, trainers, coaching philosophy, and other responsibilities you may have (fundraising, etc.).

Talk to as many people as possible for insight and advise.

Good Luck!

If you have questions about collegiate gymnastics, you can contact the USA Gymnastics Collegiate Coordinators:

Kathy Feldmann 668 S. Main St. Sharon, MA 02067 617-784-5830

Sandy Thielz 207 Walnut Hill Rd. C-16 West Chester, PA 19382 610-436-2102

101 WAYS TO INCREASE CLASS ENROLLMENT & CLUB PROFITABILITY

101 WAYS TO INCREASE ClASS ENROLLMENT & CLUB PRORTABIUTY

BY RIK FEENEY

Rick Feeney, author of 101 Ways to Increase Class Enrollment & Club Profitability, says the book is" designed to help coaches spend more time on the gym floor coaching and less time worrying abou t their bills and filling each of the classes."

Feeney notes, "It took me a few years of struggling before I realized that just because I could coach gymnastics, didn't mean I could run a business" .Finally, I learned that a business is a busi­ness no matter what type it is. Certain rules apply for you to have a decent chance at success."

The book is filled with ideas Feeney learned during his 20 years in gymnastics. It features ideas for developing class enrollment and income producing programs for gymnastics clubs. Feeney explains how to use marketing, advertising, and public relations techniques to help increase club enrollment. Chapters include: Marketing, Advertising, and Public Relations; The Press Release; Involving the Public; Internal Marketing; External Marketing; Back to Basics; Communication/Staff; Communication/ Custom­ers; Promotional Items; Miscellaneous Ideas, and Research.

"As a reference for club owners, it is an invaluable guide."

- Rita Brown, Brown's Gymnastics

"".anyone who owns a gym school could really benefit from this book."

- Patti Komara, Patti's All American Gymnastics

101 Ways to Increase Class Enrollment & Club Profitability is available from:

Richardson Publishing 741 Post Lake Place, Suite 109 Apopka, FL 32703 407-788-7525 Cost: $19.95

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

9 ., A. 3S

I ., i~ 36

Preschool Gymnastics

USA GYMNASTICS LEVEL I KAT OBSERVATION FORM KAT Observation Steps

1. Contact club (let the teacher know you are completing your KAT observations)

2. Set-up a time to meet with the teacher prior to start of class

3. Observe class/complete observation form 4. Allow teacher to review your observation form and sign 5. It is advisable to send a thank you note to the teacher

observed NOTE: You can only observe two classes at your gym. It is

advisable that you also observe various age level classes.

Name ___________________ __

Social Security No. __ - __ - __ USAG No. ____ _

Mailing Address _______________ _

City ________ State Zip _____ _

Day Ph: ( __ ) __ - __ Night: ( __ ) __ - __

Birthdate: _ / _ / _

Observation No (circle). 12345678

Ages (circle): crawlers walkers 2-yr 3-yr 4-yr 5-yr

Ratio = __ Students / _ Teacher(s)

Club Observed ________________ _

Address _________________ _

City _______ Phone: ( __ ) __ - __ _

TeacherObserved _______________ _

Teacher's Signature

Lesson Plan

Objectives. ___________________ _

Warm-up Components

Skills introduced & practiced

Activity (name & explain)

Theme

Props

Music

Games

Closing

Skills practiced

Students

Comments and observations regarding student's personal­ity characteristics (i.e. shy, aggressive), their behavior patterns, and social interaction.

I'eacher

What communication methods were particularly effective (i.e. verbal, demonstration)?

What teaching style was used (i.e. animated, enthusiastic, authoritative)?

~--------------------------------------------~ Safety

General Observations (Facility & equipment)

Class Management

Class organization-Were the students organized in a manner in which learning was facilitated? How?

Time management-Was there enough time allotted for each part of the lesson (i.e. warm-up, skills)? List time frame.

Discipline-What types of discipline tactics were used (i.e. time out. warnings)?

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Preschool Gymnastics

LEVEL I KAT WORKSHOPS­CURRENT SCHEDULE

February 24-25 Santa Clarita, Calif. Fun & Fit Gymnastics September 13-14 San Jose, Calif. Region I. Congress

April 13-14 Warrenville, Ill. Midwest Academy of September 20-22 Seattle, Wa. Region II Congress

Gynmastics (tentative)

October TBD TBD Region VIII Congress April 27-28 Reno, Nev. Gym Nevada

October 11-13 Williamsburg, Vir. Region VII Congress May 4-5 Dyer, Ind. Patti's All-American (tentative)

Gymnastics Center October 24-27 Boxboro, Mass. Region VI Congress

June 1-2 Urbandale, Iowa Urbandale Dance Acad. Workbook will be sent upon receipt of registration.

June 27-30 Boston, Mass. National Congress Accreditation is valid for three years.

August 9-11 TBD Region IV Grandparenting 4 hours of observation is available. Must have at least 5 years preschool gymnastics teaching experience-

August 23-24 Battle Creek, Mich. Region V send resume with registration.

For more information, contact Jennifer Gallahue Lee at 317-237-September 6-9 Austin, Texas GAT 5050 extension 237.

-------------------- --------------------

KAT REGISTRATION FORM Minimum age for KAT is 16 years

Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___

Soc. Sec. # _______________________________ Birthdate _____________ _

Address _________________________________________________ __

City ________________________ State ____________ __ Zip _________ ___

Telephone (Day) __________ ~--------- (Night) ________________ _

Course Location ________________________________________________________________ Date ________ --,--____________ _

Organization Represented __________________________________ ___ Job Title __________________ _

LocaINewspaper ___________________________________________ Fax __________________________________________ _

Current USAG Pro. # ______________________ __

Prerequisites - must be completed upon registration

____ Rookie Coaches Guide Test/ or PDP Level I

(required for discount)

---- Four hours observation/ or Grandparent (via resume)

Registration __ $140 pro member

- - $160 non-member

Form of Payment: Check Visa Mastercard

__ Am. Express Discover

Name on Card ____________________________________________ _ Number ______________________________________ _

Expiration Date ________________________________ Signature __________________________________________________ __

Please make checks payable to USA Gymnastics KAT Workshop.

Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics KAT, Pan American Plaza, 201 South Capitol Ave. Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

9 ., A 37

I o .A 38

Rhythmic Gymnastics

r "Get It Going"

Introduce Rhythmic Gymnastics

to Your Program

The USA Gymnastics Get It Going Grant program is designed to promote the addition of rhythmic gymnastics classes to club, school, YMCA, or Park District gymnastics programs who have had little or no rhythmic programming in the past.

Twenty people (through application) will each receive a grant equivalent of $350 to attend a special Rhythmic Gymnastics Intro­ductory Workshop at the 1996 Congress in Boston.

Grant recipients will receive from USA Gymnastics v Congress Registration

V Two nights of housing (1 / 2 double)

V Two days per diem

V One full set of Level 1-4 Rhythmic Curriculum materials (includes video, book, and music cassette)

Introductory Workshop The Rhythmic Gymnastics Introductory Workshop is an eight­

hour curriculum. The Workshop begins at 1:00 p.m. on Friday, June 28, and ends on Sunday, June 29, at 3:00 p.m. and includes:

V Introduction to Rhythmic Gymnastics

V Rhythmic Level 1 and 2 Classes

V Basic Group Activities

V Class Planning

V Rhythmic Level 3 and 4 Classes

V Preschool Rhythmic Gymnastics

V Training Level 5/6 Rhythmic Gymnasts

V One additional Rhythmic Session of Choice

Grant Application Form In an effort to encourage new rhythmic gymnastics programs,

USA Gymnastics Announces the Get It Going grant program.

The following criteria must be met for consideration as a Get It Going grant winner:

Applicants must be employed by a gymnastics club, YMCA, or Park District program.

Applicants must attend eight hours of designated Congress sessions plus elective sessions.

Applicants will be encouraged to initiate rhythmic classes in the Fall of 1996.

Applicants must submit a completed grant application which includes signature of current employer.

Former grant recipients are ineligible.

Procedure for application 1. Complete the application form and return to USA Gymnastics

postmarked by March 22, 1996.

2. Complete the separate registration for Congress (in the Febru­ary issue of Technique magazine) if you plan to attend regard­less of your acceptance into the Get It Going program.

3. If you have already registered and are accepted into the Get It Going program, you will be reimbursed for your Congress registration.

4. Grant winners will be notified by mail on April 15, 1996.

5. Grant applicants are responsible for their own hotel arrange­ments. Grant winners will be reimbursed after submitting a copy of their receipts.

------------------, "Get It Going" Grant I

Applilation Form : Name of Applicant ___________ Age __ _

Name of school/club program ____________ _

Title ___________________ _

Address ---------------------City _________ State ____ Zip ____ _

Day phone ______ Night phone ______ _

Planned start dote of rhythmic gymnastics program _ ___ _

Signature of employer _______________ _

Signature of applicant _______________ _

Attach a letter of intent outlining, 1) professional gymnas­tics/ dance background, and 2) statement describing why you are interested in receiving this grant.

Return to: Rhythmic Gymnastics - Get It Going!, USA Gym­nastics, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol, India- I napolis, IN 46225. L __________________ ~

I I

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Comments from the 199 S Get It Going

Grant Winners Thank you for the great opportu­nity this grant provided. I'm so excited to start teaching! - Jen­nifer Stempien, Joliet, Ill.

Thanks again for the chance to get involved in rhythmic gymnastics. I am already adding elements to my preschool classes and am ac­tively planning classes for the older kids. We should have things going by October. - Susan Wittkop, LaJolla, Calif.

Can't wait to Get It Going! -Debbie Schmitt, Wake Forest, N.C.

We have already started fou r rhythmic classes, introduced it to artistic teams, developed a dem­onstration rhythmic group, and incorporated it in our preschool program. We are having a blast! - LuAnnNix, Tuscaloosa, Ala.

I am motivated to continue learn­ing and sharing with young girls. I appreciate all the work that went into the instructor's manuals­having written progressions is very helpful to beginners like me. - Jackie Williams, Portland, Org.

I especially enjoyed practicing in my hotel room! - Janet Skaggs, Dothan, Ala. (artistic Level 10 judge)

Rhythmic Gymnastics

GFB-4 - DEEP PURPLE. YELLOW, JADE, BLACK INK

JUST HAfTA EAT .lUST HAfTA WORK. JUST HAFTA GO TO SCHODl .uSTdOSTOY

HAFTA

FF-2 - GREY, TERRA COD A , BLACK INK

GFB-5 - METALLIC GOLD, FUSCHIA, GREY, BLACK INK

GFB-2 - FOREST GREEN, SAND, BURGUNDY. BLACK INK

GFB-7 - TERRA CODA, BURGUNDY. SILVER, STORM BLUE. BLACK INK

GFB-8 - BURGUNDY, SAND, FOREST GREEN, BLACK INK

PRICES BASED ON 12-50 PIECE QUANTITY (CALL FOR QUANTITY PRICING)

ALL DESIGNS ARE FULL-FRONT PRINT AVAILABLE IN AS-AXXL

PRINTED ON HIGH QUALITY WHITE 100% FRUIT OF THE LOOM T-SHIRTS

ALSO AVAILABLE ON 9 OZ. 90/10 F.OL SWEATSHIRTS (CALL FOR PRICING)

ART WEARS ACCEPTS VISA, MASTERCARD, CHECK

SHOW YOUR TEAM UNITY CUSTOMIZE YOUR CLUB T-SHIRTS

CALL FOR DET AILS

1 - 800-235-9327 - - - - - CUTANDMA"iLrH'iSPORriONrOAoD'iifSSBELl5WAfftv- - -

UNIT SIZES DESIGN ITEM PRICE QTY TOTAL WEARS~

100% WHITE T-SHIRT S8.50

100% WHITE T-SHIRT

100% WHITE T-SHIRT

100% WHITE T-SHIRT

WE PAY SHIPPING UPS GROUND SERVICE

ALLOW 3 WEEKS FOR DELIVERY

S8.50

$8.50

S8.50

SUBTOTAL r=J

NEB. RES TAX r---I ADD 6.5% l.-----.J

TOTALr=J

CLUB NAME ____________ _

CONTACT _____________ _

ADDRESS _____________ _

CITY.STATE.ZIP ___________ _

PHONE _____________ _

3630 SO. 144TH ST. OMAHA, NE

68144 402-697-0240

1-800-235-9327

PAYMENT METHOD

o CHECK

o VISA o MASTERCARD

PLEASE PHONE IN CREDIT CARD ORDERS

D PLEASE SEND ME AN ART WEARS CUSTOM GYMNASTIC APPAREL

BROCHURE.

I o A. 39

I

" A 40

(9111& GYMNASTICS

T ~

<:» ~ I I I EB M'\~ I I COACHES EDUCATION

C » 0 ••• A· <0 • • • • • • • •• 0",

..., '" ==0 ••• :z :z ....... I ~ •

o 2.J

#«a

o <:) 2_

I Upon completion of this form send to: USA Gymnastics

201 S. Capitol Ave. Suite 300

Indianapolis, IN 46225

Attn: PDP

T994

Coaches Education

LEVEL II EXPERIENCE VERIFICATION Nome

ss#

8irthdate / -- / -- Age

Address

City State Zip

Phone (day) (night)

Safety Certification: o No o Yes · exp.date __

PDP Accredication: 0 Levell Completion dote ___ _

Job Description Ipleose prinl or typel

I coach and/or teach the following : (check oillhol opplyl

o Mom & Tot 0 Preschool o Cheerleading 0 Tumbling

Women: 0 Levels 1-4 o Levels 8-1 a

Men: 0 Closs 5-7 o Closs 1-4

o Developmental

o Levels5-7 o Elite

o Elite

Rhythmic 0 Levels 1-4 0 Levels 5-7 o Levels 8-10 0 Elite

Do you actively coach at competitions? 0 No 0 Yes I(heck oil lhol opplYI

If yes, list number per year. o Locol 0 State ____ _

o Regional 0 Notional ___ _

Additional information (certifications, courses completed, etc.) Ipleose prinl or Iype l

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

References 10lher Ihon your (urrenl employer I

One

Nome

Position

Relationship

Address ______________ _

Phone _____ _________ _

Two

Name ______________ _

Position ______________ _

Relationship ____________ _

Address ---------------

Phone ---------------

Three

Name ______________ _

Position _______ _______ _

Relationship ____________ _

Address ______________ _

Phone ______________ _

Employer's Verification

I, _______ , acknowledge that this information

is true and accurate for the period which the above listed coach has been

employed ____________ _

Signature ________ _ dote ---

~

u ..., c '" ..., '<

...... '" '" cr- t;:l ~ /0 ~

A

B

( D

E

USAG

Jr.

Oly

mpi

c V

ault

Tab~

-= (

Rev

ised

Jan

uary

199

6)

* Ind

icotes

diffe

rent v

alue f

rom F

IG Co

de S

indica

tes J.

O. E

lemen

t Sup

pleme

nt

GROU

P 1

GROU

P II

GROU

P III

GR

OUP

IV

Han

dspr

ings

, Yam

ashi

tas,

and

Cuer

vos

(Han

dspr

ing

on -

1/2 o

ff,

Tsuk

ahar

as

Roun

d-of

f En

try

Car

twhe

els (w

ith &

with

out t

wist

s)

Ba(k

Sai

to) a

nd S

alto

s Fo

rwar

d (Y

ur(h

enko

)

1.101

Ha

ndspr

ing

8.5

1.102

Ya

mashi

ta 8.

6 1.1

03

Cartw

heel

-

1/4

turn

8.6

1.10

4 Ha

ndspr

ing

_1

/ 2 tu

rn 8.

6 1.

105

Yama

shita

_1

/ 2 tu

rn 8.7

1.1

06

1/ 2

an

_1

/ 2 of

f 8.

8 1.

107

Cartw

heel

-

3/4

turn

8.8

1.201

Ca

rtwhe

el -1

1 /4

9.1

3.20

1 Tsu

kaha

ra -

Tuck

9.4

4.20

1 RO

,FF

-Ba

ckTu

ck

9.4

1.202

Ha

ndsp

ring

-1/

1 9.2

3.2

02

Tsuka

hara

-Tu

ck 1/

2 9.5

4.

202

RO,FF

-

Back

Tuck

1/2

9.5

1.203

Ya

mash

ita

-1/1

9.3

3.2

03

Tsuk

ahara

-

Pike

9.5

4.203

RO

,FF

-Bo

ck Pik

e 9.

5 1.2

04

1/2

on

-1/1

9.

2*

S4.21

0 RO

,FF 1

/ 2 -

1/1 t

wist

off

9.2

1.205

Ha

ndspr

ing

-11 /2

9.4

S4

.211

RO,FF

1/2

-11 /

2 tw

ist of

f 9.4

1.2

06

1/1 o

n -

Hand

spring

9.

5 S1

.210

1/1 o

n _

1/2

off

9.5

1.301

1

/ 2 on

-1

1/2

9.4*

2.301

Ha

ndsp

ring

-Fro

ntTuc

k 9.7

3.3

01

Tsuka

hara

-Pik

e 1/ 2

9.6

4.301

RO

,FF

-Bo

ck Pik

e 1/ 2

9.6

1.3

02

1/1 o

n -

1/1 o

ff (H

/Y)

9.7

S2.3

05

1/4

on

-1/

4 off

, Fron

t Tuck

9.7

3.3

02

Tsuka

hara

-La

yout

9.6

4.302

RO

,FF

-Bo

ck Lay

out

9.6

(Raab

) 3.3

03

Tsuk

ahara

-

Layo

ut 1

/ 2

9.7

4.303

RO

,FF

-Bo

ck Lay

out 1

/ 2 9.7

3.3

04

Tsuk

ahara

-

Tuck

1/1

9.7

4.304

RO

,FF

-Bo

ck Tu

ck 1/

1 9.7

4.

305

RO, F

F 1/

1 -

Hand

spring

1/1

9.7

4.3

06

RO, F

F -

1/20

ff, Fro

nt Tu

ck 9.7

1.401

11 /

2 on

_

1/2

off

9.8

2.401

Ha

ndspr

ing

-Fro

nt Tu

ck 1/

2 9.8

3.4

01

Tsuk

ahara

-

Layo

ut 1/

1 9.8

4.4

01

RO,FF

1/1

-

Back

Tuck

9.8

1.402

Ha

ndsp

ring

-2/

1 9.

9 2.4

02

Hand

sprin

g -

1/2

Bock

Tuck

9.8

3.402

Ts

ukah

ara

-Tu

ck 11 /

2

9.9

4.402

RO

, FF

-1/

2 off

, Fron

t Pike

9.8

1.4

03

1/2

on

-2/

1 9.9

2.4

03

Hand

spring

-

Front

Pike

9.8

4.403

RO

,FF

-Ba

ck Lay

out 1

/1

9.8

S14l

O

1/1 o

n -1

1 /2

9.8

2.404

Ha

ndsp

ring

-Fro

nt Pik

e 1/ 2

9.9

4.404

RO

, FF 1

/ 2

-Fro

nt Tu

ck 9.

8 2.4

05

Hand

sprin

g -

1/2

Bock

Pike

9.9

4.405

RO

, FF

-Ba

ck Tu

ck 11 /

2

9.9

2.406

1/

2 on

-

1/2

off, F

ront T

uck

9.9

4.406

RO

, FF

1/1

-Ba

ck Pik

e 9.9

4.4

07

RO, F

F 1/ 2

-Fro

nt Tu

ck 1/

2 9.9

4.4

08

RO,FF

1/2

-1/

2 off

, Bock

Tuck

9.

9 4.4

09

RO,FF

1/ 2

-Fro

nt Pik

e 9.9

4.4

10

RO,FF

-

1/20

ff, Fr

ont L

ayout

9.9

S4.41

5 RO

,FF 1/

2 -

2/1 t

wist

off

9.9

1.501

11 /2

on

-1/1

10

.0 2.5

01

1/1 o

n -

FrontT

uck

10.0

3.50

1 Ts

ukah

ara

-Lay

out 1

1 /2

10.0

4.50

1 RO

,FF

-Ba

ck La

yout

11 /2

10.0

S 1

.510

Hand

sprin

g -

21/2

10

.0 2.

502

Hand

spring

-

21 /2

Front

Tuck

10.0

3.502

11 /2

on

-Bk

.Salto

T/P /

L

10.0

4.5

02

RO,FF

-

Bock

Tuck

2/1

10.0

2.5

03

Hand

sprin

g -

1/2

off, B

ock

3.503

Ts

ukah

ara

-21

/2 Sa

lta T

uck

10.0

4.

503

RO,FF

-

Bock

Layo

ut 2/

1 10

.0

w/ l

j2 +

10

.0

3.50

4 Ts

ukah

ara

-2

1/2

Salta

Pike

10

.0

4.50

4 RO

,FF 1

/1

-Bo

ck La

yout

10.0

2.

504

Hand

sprin

g -

Front

Layou

t 1/ 2

10.0

All

Tsuk

s are

to be

perfo

rmed

with

90

degre

e to

180

degre

e 4.5

05

Lowe

red to

4.41

0 2.5

05

Hand

sprin

g -

FrontT

uck

1/1

10.0

4.5

06

RO, F

F 1/ 2

-Fro

nt Lay

out

10.0

2.5

06

Hand

sprin

g -

Front

Layou

t 10

.0 LA

turn

in fir

st flig

ht ph

ase.

4.507

RO

, FF 1

/2 -

1/2

off, B

ock Pi

ke 10

.0 2.5

07

1/2

on

-1/

2 off

, Fron

t Lay

out

10.0

4.508

RO

, FF 1

/ 2 -

Front

Pike 1

/ 2

10.0

----

Leve

l 8 &

PREP

Opf

ional:

Al

lowab

le Va

ults:

S-

O.l

Squa

t 7.0

S-

0.2

Stoop

7.5

S-

O.3

Strad

dle

7.5

S-O.

4 1/ 2

on-R

epulsi

on o

ff 8.0

Le

vel 1

0 All

vault

s from

all f

our G

roups

Leve

l 9

All Gr

oup

1, 2

& 3

vault

s (9.

9 &

10. v

aults

will

start

from

9.8)

Leve

l 8

Vault

s valu

ed a

t 9.5

ar les

s from

Grou

p 1

(Hand

sprin

g) &

Grou

p 3

(T su

kaha

ra)

~ ~:>~--------------~

FIG V

ault Table fo

r Elite C

om

petitio

ns (R

evised 1/9

6)

GROUP 1 GROUP II

GROUP III GROUP IV

Handsprings, Yam

ashitas and Cuervos(H

andspring on -V

2 off, Tsukaharas

Round-off Entry Cartwheels (with &

without twists)

Back Saito) & SALTOS FORW

ARD (Yurchenko)

1.101 Handspring

8.5 1.102

Yamashita 8.6

1.103 Cartwheel

-1/4 turn

8.6

A

1.104 Handspring

-1/2 turn

8.6 1.105

Yamashita _

1/2 turn 8.7

1.106 1/2 on

-1/2off

8.8 1.107

Cartwheel -3/4 turn

8.8

1.201 Cartwheel

-1 1/4

9.1 1.202

Handspring -1

/1 9.2

3.201 Tsukahora

-Tuck

9.4 4.201

RO,FF -

Back Tuck 1.203

Yamashita -1

/1 9.3

3.202 Tsukaharo

-Tuck 1/2

9.5 4.202

RO,FF -

Back Tuck 1/2 B

1.204

1/2 on -1

/1 9 .3

3.203 Tsukahora

-Pike

9.5 4.203

RO,FF -

Back Pike 1.205

Handspring -1

1/2

9.4 1.206

1/1 on -

Handspring 9.5

1.301 1/2 on

-11/2

9.6

1.302 1/1 on

-1/1 off (HjY)

9.7 2.301

Handspring -

Front Tuck 9.7

3.301 Tsukaharo

-Pike 1/2

9.6 4.301

RO,FF -

Back Pike 1/2 3.302

Tsukahora -

Layout 9.6

4.302 RD,FF

-Back Layout

( 3.303

Tsukahora -

Layout 1/2 9.7

4.303 RD,FF

-Back Layout 1/2

3.304 Tsukahora

-Tuck 1/1

9.7 4.304

RD,FF -

Back Tuck 1/1 4.305

RD, FF 1/1 -

Handspring 1/1 4.306

RD, FF -

1/2 off, Front Tuck

1.401 1 1/2

on _

1/2 9.8

2.401 Handspring

-Front Tuck 1/

2 9.8

3.401 Tsukahora

-Layout 1/1

9.8 4.401

RD,FF 1/1 -

Back Tuck 1.402

Handspring -

2/1 9.9

2.402 Handspring

-1/2 , Back Tuck

9.8 3.402

Tsukahora -

Tuck 1 1/2

9.9 4.402

RD, FF -

1/2 off, Front Pike 1.403

1/2 on -2

/1 9.9

2.403 Handspring

-Front Pike

9.8 4.403

RD,FF -

Back Layout 1/1 2.404

Handspring -

Front Pike 1/2 9.9

4.404 RD, FF 1/2

-Front Tuck

0 2.405

Handspring -

1/2 , Back Pike 9.9

4.405 RD, FF

-Back Tuck 1 1/2

2.406 1/

2 on -

1/2 off, Front Tuck 9.9

4.406 RD, FF 1/1

-Back Pike

4.407 RD, FF 1/2

-Front Tuck 1/2

4.408 RD,FF 1/2

-1/2 off, Back Tuck

4.409 RD,FF 1/2

-Front Pike

4.410 RD,FF

-1/2 off, Front Layout

1.501 1 1/2

on -1

/1 10.0

2.501 1/1 on

-Front Tuck

10.0 3.501

Tsukahora -

Layout 1 1/2

10.0 4 .501

RD,FF -

Back Layout 1 1/2

2.502 Handspring

-2 1/2

Front Tuck 10.0

3.502 1 1/2

on -

Bk.Solto T /P /L

10.0

4.502 RD,FF

-Back Tuck 2/1

2.503 Handspring

-1/20ff, Back w

/ I/lt

10.0 3.503

Tsukahora -

2 1/2 Salta Tuck

10.0 4.503

RD,FF -

Bock Layout 2/1 2.504

Handspring -

Front Layout 1/2 10.0

3.504 Tsukahoro

-2 1/2

Salta Pike 10.0

4.504 RD,FF 1/1

-Bock Layout

E

2.505 Handspring

-FrontTuck 1/1

10.0 4. 505

Lowered to 4.410 2.506

Handspring -

Front Layout 10.0

All Tsuks ore to be performed with 90 degree to 180 degree 4.506

RD, FF 1/2 -

Front Layout 2.507

1/2 on -

1/2 off, Front Layout 10.0

LA turn in first flight phase. 4.507

RD, FF 1/2 -

1/2 off, Back Pike 4.508

RD, FF 1/2 -

Front Pike 1/2

'---------------~<:~ ~

9.4 9.5 9.5

9.6 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7

9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.9

10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

10.0 10.0 10.0

~ 01

~ u ~ ~

'" '" ,.-< >.

.... ro ::l ....

.n

&:

Board of Directors

HELM'S HALL OF FAME BECOMES USA GYMNASTICS HALLOFFAME

A t the November, 1995 Board of Directors meeting, the Board approved the incorporation of the Helm' s Hall of Fame into USA Gymnastics. The USA Gym­nastics Hall of Fame will include all previously elected

members of the Hall of Fame. Induction of new members of the Hall of Fame will occur annually at the USA Gymnastics National Congress.

The responsibility for inducations into the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame will be assigned to a subcommittee of USA Gymnas­tics Awards and Recognition Committee. This Hall of Fame Selec­tion Committee will consist of seven members who shall be ap­pointed by the Awards and Recognition Committee. Once approved the Selection Committee will pick a Chair.

Nominations for the Hall of Fame Subcommittee may come from any member of USA Gymnastics. Criteria for appointment to the Hall of Fame Selection Committee (SC) include:

1. Appointees will have a notable record as a gymnast, coach, judge, or contributor to USA Gymnastics and its predecessors.

2. Appointees must be USAG members in good standing.

COMPETITIO LANDING MATS

DRY PITS

TRAINING MATS

FOLDING MA~

3. Appointees must be able to commit the time and energy neces­sary to accomplish the work of the Selection Committee.

a. Failure to participate and/ or vote are grounds for removal.

b. The Awards and Recognition Committee will appoint a replacement from the pool of nominees as soon as possible after a member's removal.

4. The Committee will reflect the best possible representation of disciplines governed by USA Gymnastics, Active Members of the Corporation, honoree categories subsumed under the Hall of Fame, and geographic balance in that order.

The initial appointments to the Hall of Fame Selection Commit-tee shall be for staggered terms as follows:

Two members will be assigned two year terms.

Two members will be assigned three year terms.

Three members will be assigned four year terms.

The Chair will be assigned one of the four year terms.

The initial Committee appointed in 1996 shall include at least two members of the present Helm's Selection Committee.

7/F~N ATHLETIC MATS, INC.

Contact Tiffin for all of your mat needs. Whether you need a single mat for home use, or enough mats to set up your entire gym -- quality mats at affordable prices.

TIFFIN ATHLETIC MATS, INC. MARTIAL ARTS FLOORING

SKILL SHAPES

ASK ABOUT OUR DISCOUNTED TOURNAMENT MATS!

P.O. Box 823 • Elkton, MD 21922-0823

1-800-843-3467 0% Financing Available

We accept MastercardlVisalDiscover & American Express

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

tt ., A 43

1 " A. 44

Board of Directors

HALL OF FAME SELECTION COMMITTEE NOMINATION FORM

NOMINEE ________________________________________________________________________ _

ADDRESS ________________________________________________________________________ _

CITY ___________________________________________ STATE ___________ ZIP ____________ _

DAY PHONE _______________________________ NIGHT PHONE ____________________________ _

USAG MEMBERSHIP # _________________________ SOCIAL SECURITY # __________________________ _

please check all that apply:

o Gymnast o Coach

Briefly explain their Contributions to USA Gymnastics:

DEADLINE TO BE CONSIDERED

please Return to:

USA Gymnastics

Attn : Heather Whitaker

201 S. Capitol , Suite 300

Indianapolis, IN 46225

(317) 237-5069 FAX

(317) 237-5080 FAX

o Judge o Other

February 1996 TECHNIQ UE

Women's Program

NOMINATIONS FOR NATIONAL COMMITTEE CHAIRS Submission Deadline: March 15, 1996

Who may submit: Any USA Gymnastics Pro member may submit nominations

All nominees for positions must be USA Gymnastics Women's Program Professional Members in good standing for a minimum of two consecutive years, be at least 21 years old, and meet the prerequisites in Article VI of the Operating Code, Sections F, G, 1, and J found in the Women's Rules and Policies.

Four year term - 1996-2000 1. National Administrative Board Chairman

Must have been a member on the National Administrative Board for a minimum of four years. I NOMINATE ________________________________________________________________________________ __

2. National Elite Program Committee Chairman

Must have coached an Elite or Jr. or Sr. International gymnast who has qualified to a USA Championships during the last four years or served as the coach of the U.s. Olympic or World Championship Team; must have been active at the Elite National, Classic, or National Gymfest level for at least six years; must have been a Regional Elite Program Chairman or National Elite Program Chairman.

I NOMINATE

Two year term - 1996-1998 1. National Junior Olympic Program Committee Chairman

This position will not be elected until 1998 as the committee voted to extend the present term to complete work on the new Compulsory Program.

2. National Technical Chairman

Must have been a Brevet judge for at least six years and served as a National Technical Committee member. I NOMI NATE ________________________________________________________________________________ ___

3. National Elite Technical Chairman

Must have been a Brevet judge for at least six years and served as a member of the National Technical Committee. I NOMI NATE ________________________________________________________________________________ ___

National officers shall be elected by written ballot by the respective committee members. Ballots must be returned by August 1. Term of office will begin September 1, 1996.

Nominations are to be sent to the Women's Program Director, USA Gymnastics office, by March 15,1996.

Women's Notionol Progrom Direcfor USA Gymnosfics

Pon American Plozo, Suife 300 201 S. (opifol Avenue

Indionopolis, IN 46225

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

I

" A. 45

Calendar

Date Days Disdpline Event Location Contact Phone

FEBRUARY 1996 18 1 R USA/Belarus Exhibition Downers Grove, Il Nora Campbell 317-237-5050 24 2 MWR Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Santa Clara, CA Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050

29 3 MW McDonald's American Cup Ft. Worth, TX Jeff Olsen 317-237-5050

MARCH 1996

I 2 1 MW Broadcast of McDonald's American Cup (LIVE) 4:00-6:00 p.m. (EST) NBC Sports 5 MWR McDonald's International Gymnastics Cahmpionships Atlanta, GA Jeff Olsen 317-237-5050

" 6 MW Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational (USA vs. France) Miama, Fl Jeff Olsen 317-237-5050

A. 23 MWR Broadcast of McDonald's International Gymnastics Championships 2:00-3:30 p.m. (EST) NBC Sports

46 30 MWR Broadcast of Reese's International Gymnastics Cup 2:00-3:30 p.m. (EST) CBS Sports

APRIL 1996 6 MW Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational Miami, Fl Jeff Olsen 317-237-5050 13 W NCAA Regional Meets Various 13 M NCAA Regional Meets Various 13 2 W level 1 0 Regionals Various 13 2 MWR Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Warrenville, Il Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 15 6 MW World Championships -I/E/ F San Juan, PUR Gary Alexander 317-237-5050 18 3 MW USA Gymnastics Collegiate Championships Seattle Pacific Univ. laurel Tindall 206-281-2883 20 2 R J.O. Championships Maryland Nora Campbell 317-237-5050 21 W USA Gymnastics Nat'llnvitational Tournament Cape Girardeau, MO Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 21 1 MW Broadcast of Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational 1 :00-3:00 p.m. (EST) CBS Sports 25 3 W NCAA National Championships (Univ. of Alabama) Tuscaloosa, Al 26 2 M NCAA Championships Stanford, CA 27 2 W Elite Regionals Various Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 27 2 MWR Kinder Accreditation far Teachers (KAT) Workshop Reno, NV Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050

MAY 1996 2 4 W J.O. Nationals (Jr. and Sr.) Duluth, GA Connie Maloney 317-237-5050 3 3 MWR USA Gymnastics Executive Committee Meeting Indianapolis, IN Julie Bejin 317- 237-5050 4 2 R Eastern Open Macon, GA Nora Campbell 317-237-5050 4 2 MWR USAG Board of Directors Meeting Indianapolis, IN Julie Bejin 317-237-5050 4 2 MWR Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Dyer, IN Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 10 3 M J.O. Championships Tulsa, OK Dennis Mcintyre 317-237-5050 11 2 R Western Open Seattle, WA Nora Campbell 317-237-5050 12 3 M J.O. Nat. Competitive Prog. Workshop Tulsa, OK Dennis Mcintyre 317- 237-5050 16 4 W U.S. Classic Nationals TBA Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 25 2 W National Gymnastics Festival TBA Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 31 3 R USA Gymnastics Rhythmic National Championships Athens, GA Nora Campbell 317-237-5050 31 2 MWR Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Texas Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237- 5050 31 3 MW Region III Congress Texas Carol Hillenburg 713-395-2215

JUNE 1996 1 2 MWR Kinder Accreditation far Teachers (KAT) Workshop Urbondale, Iowa Jennifer Gallahue lee 317-237-5050 2 1 MWR PDP level I Video Clinic (1 :00-5:00 p.m.) Decatur, GA Chris Calvert 404-377 -0241 5 4 MW Coca-Cola National Championships Knoxville, TN Jeff Olsen 317- 237-5050 8 1 Broadcast of Coca-Cola Nat'l Championships 4:00-6:00 p.m. (EST) NBC Sports 9 1 Broadcast of Coca-Cola Nat'l Championships 3:00-4:00 p.m. (EST) NBC Sports 18 2 M Elite Qualifiers Various Ron Galimore 317-237-5050 21 3 R Rhythmic World Championships Budapest, HUN Nora Campbell 317-237-5050 25 2 R U.S. Rhythmic Olympic Trials Boston, MA Nora Campbell 317-237-5050 27 4 MW U.S. Artistic Olympic Trials Boston, MA Jeff Olsen 317-237- 5050 27 4 MWR USA Gymnastics National Congress Boston, MA Steve Whitlock 317-237- 5050 27 4 MWR Kinder Accreditation for Teachers (KAT) Workshop Boston, MA Jennifer Gallahue lee 317- 237-5050 29 1 Broadcast of U.S. Olympic Trials 4:00-6:00 p.m. (EST) NBC Sports 30 1 Broadcast of U.S. Olympic Trials 2:00-3:00 p.m. (EST) NBC Sports 29 1 W Broadcast of U.S. Olympic Trials (LIVE) 7:00-9:00 p.m. (EST) NBC Sports

JULY 1996 13 1 M Pre-Olympic Exhibition Greensboro, NC Jeff Olsen 317-237-5050 13 5 MWR FIG Congress Atlanta, GA Gary Alexander 317- 237- 5050 20 11 MW Games of the XXVlth Olympiad Atlanta, GA Gary Alexander 317- 237- 5050

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

Safety Certification

SAFETY CERTIFICATION COURSES Minimum age for Safeh) 17 Knoxville, TN; 1 :00-5:00 p.m.

Certification is 18 years In conjunction with Dogwood Invitational University of Tenn.; Stokely Athletic Center

MARCH local Contact: Boog Potter 615-588-2502 Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor

02 Raleigh, NC; 9:00 0.m.-1 :00 p.m. 304-344-3279 North Raleigh Gymnastics; 5400 Atlantic 17 Fort Collins, CO; 12:00-4:00 p.m. Springs Road; 27604 Mountain Gymnastics; 419 E. Stuart Course Dir: Don Davis 919-790-9400 Course Dir: Ron Baretta 970-482-3118

08 Gaithersburg, MD; 6:00-10:00 p.m. 17 Ridgefield, G; 9:30 a.m.-1 :30 p.m. Holiday Inn (Capital Cup) The little Gym; 1 Ethan Allen Hwy.; 06877 local Contact: Gary Anderson local Contact: Solly Gill 203-544-9905 301-468-9181 Course Dir: Randy McCoy Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor 1-800-418-2878 304-344-3279 23 Rapid City, SD; 4:00-8:00 p.m.

09 or 10 Miami, Fl; TBD Just Jymnastics, Inc; 2830 W. Omaha St; Course Dir.: Marci levine 305-861-8753 57702

10 Clearwater, Fl; 9:00 a.m.-I :00 p.m. Course Dir: Bill Allen 605-341-5914 The Apollo School of Gymnastics; 2140 23 Corvallis, OR; 9:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m. Range Road, Unit G; 34625 Oregon State University, Dee Andros Course Dir: Karl Bishop 813-447-2108 Room, Gill Coliseum

10 Wilmington, DE; 9:00 0.m.-1 :00 p.m. local Contact: Michele; Superkids Fitness Diamond Gymn; I King Ave. Course Director: Ruth Sandoz Coacl Contact: Dave Hirsh 302-324-8001 503-531-9492 or 503-246-0818 Course Dir: Phil Frank 609-786-3977 24 Morgantown, WV; 10:00 a.m.-2:00 p.m.

15 City: TBA, WA; 6:30-10:30 p.m. West Virginia Training Center Site: TBA local Contact: Gene Diaz 304-292- 5559 Course Director: leigh Eaton Course Dir: Billy Bob Taylor 360-577-6274 304-344-3279

16 Westboro, MA; 9:00 a.m.-1 :00 p.m. 24 Kenosha, WI; 9:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m. Central Mass. Gymn. Trng. Ctr.; 17B Scamps Gym Academy Turnpike Rd. local Contact: Julie Gray 414-694-0805 Course Dir: Steve DiTullio 508-263-9306 Course Dir: Heather Gollnick

29 Stanford, CA; 6:00-10:00 p.m. 16 State College, PA; 8:30 a.m.-2:30p.m. Nor Cal Boys Jr. State Championships;

Nittany Gymn. & Dance Inc.; 2300 Stanford Univ, Ford Center Commercial Blvd; 16801 local Contact: Greg Corsiglia Course Dir: Mike Rizzuto 814-238-1577 510-796-3547

,----------I Participation Registration Form I Minimum age for Safety Certification is 18 years

I Name: Mr. /Mrs.jMs. _________________ _

I I Soc. Sec. #: ____________ Birthdate: _____ _

I Address:, _____________________ _

City: ____________ State: ____ Zip, ____ _

Telephone: (H) ________ (W) ________ _

Course Director:, ___________________ _

Course Location: _____________ Date:, ____ _

Organization Represented :, _______________ _

If USA Gymnastics Member, and Number __________ _

'1 of Payment: 0 Check 0 Visa 0 Mastercard 0 AmExp 0 Discover

Name on Card: ____________________ _

N umber: _________ ____________ _

Course Dir: Hiroshi Fujimoto 408- 372- 1006

30 South Plainfield, NJ; 3:00-9:00 p.m. (includes dinner breakl Feigleys School of Gymn; 4475 S. Clinton Ave Course Dir: Cathy Finkel 201-586-1808

30 Orland Pork, Il; 2:00-7:00 p.m. Tumbling USA Gymnastics; 10482 West of 163rd Place; 60462 Course Dir: Edgar Pulido 708- 969- 0900

30 Medford, OR; 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. Mega Gymnastics, 160 N. Fir, 97501 local Contact: Hilary Selland, Mega Gym 541-776-4026 Course Director: Ruth Sandoz 503-246-0818 or 503-531-9492

30 or 31 AZ; TIme: TBA In conjunction with Al lv 7-10 State Chomps; AZ St Univ; PE West Course Dir: Quin Shannon 602-919-5920 & Bernie Ray 602-934-2007

APRIL 04 Westerville, OH; 3:30-7:30 p.m.

Buckeye Gymnastics Local Contact: Dave Holcomb 614- 895-1611 Crse Dir: Bobbi Montanari 614- 777-5057 or 614-457-1279

05 TBA ; 1 :00-5:00 p.m. Course Dir: Chris Calvert 404-377-0241

05 Penfield, NY; 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. Gymn. Trng. Ctr. of Rochester; 2051 Fairport Nine Mile Point Rd Course Dir: Sara Jane Clifford 716-381-8840 or 716-388-8686

Please make checks payable in full to USA Gymnastics Safety Certification

Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol, India­napolis, IN 46225

I

~ ~ I

~ I I I I I I I I I

T296 I ~ ___ -.J

February 1996 TECHNIQUE

06 lincoln, NE; 2:00-6:00p.m. University of Nebraska; Mabel lee Hall; 14th & Vine; 68583 local contact: Cathy Christie Course Dir: David Mickelson 402-551-3977

21 Fort Wayne, IN; 1:00-5:00 p.m. The little Gym (Westland Moll); 6183 W. Jefferson Blvd.; 46804 local Contact: Amy Spiritoso 219-436-9353 Course Dir: Randy McCoy 1-800-418-2878

JUNE 01 TBA; 1 :00-5:00 p.m.

Course Dir: Chris Calvert 404-377-0241

AUGUST 23 Bottle Creek, MI; Reg V Congress

local contact: Cindy Schornes 616-963-4770 Course Dir: Jerry Reighard 517-828-5604 or 517-774-6696

FALL TBA NJ; TIme: TBA

Hamilton Gymnastics, Gymnastics Unlimited Course Dir: Cathy Finkel 201 - 586-1808

All ma terials (including the Safety Handbook) for 3rd Cycle courses are provided at the course and are part of the course fee.

Certification is good for four years.

The course/examination is $100. USA Gymnastics Professional Members is $75. For groups of at least 10, contact the USA Gym­nastics Department of Educa­tional Services and Safety.

To achieve Safety Certification, the participant must be at least 18 years of age at the time of the course.

IrtUA GYMNASTICS

I 0 .A 47

Non-profit Organization U.s. Postage

PAID Permit No. 7867 Indianapolis, IN

NEW GYM SOFTWARE GYM DANDY - READY FOR YOU

SUMMIT CIiPullr lePliell

Gym Dandy, Summit Computer Services' comprehensive gym management software, has experienced a price breakthrough. The new lower price and very user-friendly Getting started manual has made computerized gym management accessible by every gym owner.

Originally developed for a local gym, Gym Dandy has been upgraded with industrial strength features while retaining its easy-as-WINDOWS interface. In days you could be running your program with the efficiency of a computer at a bargain price.

• True WINDOWS program

• 100% flexibility in handling discounts

• Automatic tuition, discount & late fee calculations

• Features unique to gymnastics

• Single-payment to multiple­accounts capability

"We've checked around and Gym Dandy is the only program that meets all of our needs."

Call now for more information!

- CATHY DOERING, Owner, All Star Gymnastics.

1-800-GYM-ON-PC 4966672

or write: Summit Computer Services, 8816 Manchester Rd., Suite 303, St. Louis, MO 63144 WINDOWS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation