technique magazine - may 1993

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USA Gymnastics The Official Technical Publication of USA Gymnastics Book Review: Movement Activities For Early Children Difficulty Vs. Ability Beam Preparation Club Risk Management 1993 Congress Shoulder Complex: Biomechanical Considerations Ten Commandments of Teaching Tumbling To Preschoolers Equipment and Resource Companies Protect Yourself From AIDS and Hepatitis

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Page 1: Technique Magazine - May 1993

USA Gymnastics

The Official Technical Publication of USA Gymnastics

Book Review: Movement

Activities For Early Children

Difficulty Vs. Ability

Beam Preparation

Club Risk Management

1993 Congress

Shoulder Complex:

Biomechanical Considerations

Ten Commandments

of Teaching Tumbling To Preschoolers

Equipment and Resource

Companies

Protect Yourself From

AIDS and Hepatitis

Page 2: Technique Magazine - May 1993

EDUCATIONAL RIALS

Coaches Guide to Nutrition and Weight Control (Second Edition)

Patricia A. Eisenman, PhD, Stephen C. Johnson, PhD, andJoan E. Benson, MS, RD

1990 • Paper • 192 pp

Item #17 - $22.00

Good nutrition allows athletes to maintain energy levels during training and safely regulate their ratio of fat and lean weight. Coaches Guide to Nutrition and Weight Control is a practical guide that tells readers everything they need to know about sport nutrition .

This second edition translates the sciences of phYSiology, biochemistry, and nutrition into information that students of physical education and sport nutrition can eaSily apply.

In Pursuit of Excellence

Huw 10 Wi" ill Sport mzd Lifo , Through Menial Truitting

\4' .. • ~ Te~r)/Orlick, PhD

In Pursuit of Excellence How to Win in Sport and Life Through Mental Training (Second Edition)

Terry Orlick, PnD 1990 • Paper • 208 pp Item #14 - $14.95

Written in an easy to understand, instructive style, this second edition of In Pursuit of Excellence is the supplemental text for courses that cover basic sport psychology techniques. It covers the psychological concepts of concentration, winning, losing, and competing successfully. Instructors will find it easy to put these concepts into perspective for their students.

This highly successful sport performance book by internationally recognized sport psychologist Terry Orlick has undergone a complete revitalization . Better organized for easier reading, the second edition includes dozens of new examples taken from Orlick's real-life experiences with champion athletes and their coaches.

,--------------------------,

To order any of these books, or other educational materials and videos presented in this is­sue, please complete this order form and send to:

Name _ __________________________ _

Address _ ________________________ __ Item Qty Cost Total

City ___________________________ _

State ________ _ Zip _____________ _

Phone (

USA Gymnastics Memb. No. _ ____________ _

S.s. No. _______ _

o MasterCard 0 VISA Exp. Date: _ ____ _ Subtotal Card # _ ________________________ _

Indiana Residents add Signature: _______________________ _ 5% sales tax

Shipping & Handling Charges Purchases 515.00 a nd und er 53.00

Send Mail Orders to:

USA Gymnastics Merchandise PO Box 5562 Pu rchases 5 15.01-550 54.00

Pu rchases over 550.01-51 00 55.00 Purchases 100.01 and up S8.00 Indianapolis, IN 46255-5562

Make checks payable to: USA Gymnastics Grand Total L ______ (T59~ __________________ :J

2

USA GYMNASTICS

POBox 5562 Indianapolis, IN 46225-5526

(317) 237-5060

PLEASENOfE: The videos listed in thismaga­zine are provided for educational and historic purposes. While every effort is made to pro­duce videos of the highest quality, it should be noted that some of the videos are produced at events utilizing handheld cameras from van-tage points in the stands by non-professional L volunteer technicans. Only limited editing and ,""-production enhancements are utilized in order to provide a tirnely product ata reasonable cost to the USA Gymnastics membership.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 3: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Publisher Mike Jacki

Editor Stephen W. Whitlock

Production Luan Peszek

Graphic Design Julie T. Jones

Men's Program Director Robert Cowan

Women's Program Director Kathy Kelly

Rhythmic Program Director Nora Hitzel

USA Gymnastics Board of Directors

Eme~~~~i:dBe~d: ~H~~n!~~~i~Tkheag~~:l;~~ ~:~fer~ b~~:~1::'s~ Wendy Hilliard, chair; Jim Hartung, vice chair; Michelle Dusserre, sec;Shef,'1 Dundas;Tim Dag~tt; Karon Lyon-Glover; Tanya Service; C lris Waller; Kevin avis, SOC Athlete's Advisory Council; Nancy Marshall, Admin. Ad visor; Ama-teur Athletic Union: Stan Atkinson; American Sokol 01ani-zation:Jerry Milan; American Trampoline & Tumbling 5S0-

dation: Wayne Downing; American Turners: Be~ He~pner; Junior Boys Gymnastics Coaches Association: arc a lley; Men's Elite Coaches Association: Peter Kormann; Nat ional Association for Girls and Women in ~ort: Dr. Mimi Murray; National Association of Collegiate ymnastics Men: Able Grossfeld; National Association of Collegiate Gymnastics Women: Gail Davis; National Association of Women's Gr;m-nasticsJudges: Yvonne Hod~e; National Collegiate Ath etic Association: Chert} Levick, red TuroH; National Federation of State Hi,h Sc 001 Associations: Susan True; National Gymnastics udges Association: Harry Bjerke; Nat ional Hifth School Gfmnast ics Coaches Association: John Brinkwort 1; National ewish Welfare Board: Courtney Shanken; Rhyth-mic Coaches Association: Suzie DiTullio; Special Olympics, Inc.: Ka te Faber-Hickie; U.S. Association of Independent Gym Clubs: Lance Crowley; U.S. Elite Coaches Association for Women: Tony Gehman; U.S. Sports Acrobatics Federa-tion: Bonnie Davidson; Young Men's Christian Associat ion: Rick Dod son; USA Gymnastics National Membership Direc-tors: Men's: Jim Holt, Ray Gura; Women's: Joan Moore, Julia Thompson-Aretz; Rhythmic: Alia Svirsky, Ute Alt-Carberry.

USA Gymnastics Executive Committee

Chair: Sandy Kn~p; Secretary: Mike Milidonis; Vice ChairWomen: Nancy a rshall;Vice ChairMen:Jim Howa rd; Vice Chair Rhtthmlc: Norma Zabka; President: Mike Jacki; FIG Women's echnical Committee: Jackie Fie; FIG Rhyth-micTechnical Committee: Andrea Schmid-Shapiro; FIG Men's Technical Committee: Bill Roetzheim; At Large Members: Roe Kreutzer;Sue Ammerman; Athlete Directors: Tim Dag~ett , Michelle Dusserre, Wendy Hilliard; President Emeritus: ud Wilkinson, Mike Donahue.

Associate Contents Editors Sports Science Advisory

Committee William Sands, Ph.D., Cha ir, Spor ts Advisory Committee Patty Hacker, Ph.D., Chair, Education Sub-committee

Stephen W. Whitlock, Liaison

Unless eXIressly identified to the contrary, all ar ticles, statements an views printed herein a re attributed solely to the author and the Ul1lted States Gymnastics Federa tion ex-presses no opinion and assumes no responsibility thereof.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Inside This Issue

Contents Book Review Movement Activities for Early Children ...... ....... ....... .. 5

Coaches Education ACEP Leader Level Sports Science Course ....... ..... ..... . 7 Summer Coaches Workshop , .......... ...... .. .. .... ... ..... ... .... 36 PDP-At a Glance ..... ....... , ... .. ,., .. ... .. ...... ... ....... .......... ...... 37

Coaching Difficulty Vs. Ability ..... , .... ..... .... ... ...... ............ ... ........... 10

Technique Beam Preparation ........ , ....... ... ..... ........... ...... .................. 12

Safety Club Risk Management Committee ........... ... .......... .... 16

Congress Facts ........ ,..,. .... ,.,. ...... .... . ,.,.,. .... , ..... ...... .... ... ... ... ..... .......... 18 Registration Form .... , .. ,. ..... .... ..... ... .. ... .. .. ..... ...... ..... .. ... .. . 19 Tentative Schedule ....... .... .... ..... ... .. ... ..... .. ... ...... .... ..... .... 20

Sports Medicine Shoulder Complex:

Biomechanical Considerations ........... ....... .... ...... ..... 23 Protect Yourself from AIDS and Hepatitis .,. .. ,.,. .. ,. .. ,.43

Preschool Gymnastics Ten Commandments of Teaching Tumbling to Preschoolers .................... .... ... ..... .......... .. .. ... ,., ..... ,., .. ,.26

Resources Equipment and Resource Companies .. ....... .... ,. .... .... ,.31

Research A Twenty-four Year Retrospective Look ..... ....... .. ...... 32

Women's Judging Code of Points ,. ... .. , ... ..... , .... , .... ....... ... ......... ..... ....... ...... .. 40

Minutes W-Elite Program Committee, 3/28/93 ............ ......... . .42 W-Ad Hoc Committee, 3/7-8/93, Orlando, FL ....... .44

Announcements .... ... .. ........ ..... .... ,., .... ... .. , ... , ........ .. .. .. .... .. ....... ...... ..... .......... 46

C HANGE OF ADDRESS A D SUBSCRI PTION INQUIRIES: In order to ensure uninter­rup ted delivery of TECHNIQUE magazine, notice of change of add ress should be made six to eight weeks in advance. For fas test service, please enclose your present mai ling label. Direc t all subscript ion mail to TECHNIQUE Subscriptions, Pan American Plaza, 201 S. Capi tol Ave., Suite 300, Indianapolis, I 46225.

TECHNIQUE is published 10 times per year by USA Gymnas tics, Pan American Plaza, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Suite 300, Indianapolis, IN 46225 (phone: 317-237-5050). Third class postage paid a t Indianapolis, IN. Subscri ption price: $25.00 per year in United States; all other countries $48.00 per yea r. If ava ilable, back issue single copies $4.00 plus S1.00 postage/ handling. All reasonable ca re will be taken, but no responsibility can be assumed for unsolicited material; enclose return pos tage. Copyright 1993 by USA Gymnastics and TECHNIQUE. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

3

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Page 4: Technique Magazine - May 1993

I EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS I VIDEOTAPES

Use the order form on page 2 to order any of these videotapes.

Educational General How to tape an injured gymnast. This tape was

prepared by Larry Nassar, ATe. (Part I = 1:55, Part II = 1:23) #2102 $19.95

PDP level I instructor's starter kit. For Level I Clinic Administra tors. Includes video and 15 Clinic Workbooks. #3609 $60.00

Safety Video. Gymnastics 1st, 2nd, and always. #2601 $39.95

Back exercises for the gymnast. A video designed to lessen the problem of back pain in the gymnast. With use of a skeleton and gymnasts, L. Nassar, ATe, demons trates how bod y positioning, flex­ibility, pelvic s tabilization & muscular exercises are beneficial. 0 :20)(1992) #2410 $10.95

Men Basic Skills Achievement Program (BSAP) video.

Demonstration of a ll of the ski lls. #52 $29.95 J.O. Compulsory Program (JOCP) video. Demon­

stration of all of the exercises. (Edited by class level) #2221 $39.95

J.O. Compulsory Program (JOCP) video. Demon­stration of all of the exercises. (Edited by event)

#2222 $39.95 Jr. Nat. Team Dance Training program and Boy's

team winter training camp, Colo. Spgs. (2:00) #2272 $12.95

Olympic Development Program (ODP) video-1992. Complete demonstration. #61 $29.95

USGFCongress, Indianapolis. International trends in men's gymnastics. Presenta ti on by M. Watanabe. (1991) #2243 $15.95

Goal setting and preparation for competitions. Sport Psychology session by Dr. K McKelvain at 92 nat. team camp, Colo. Spgs. (2:00)(1992)

#2273 $14.95 USGF Congress, Anaheim. Dieter Hofmann's lec­

tures. Clinic for men's coaches. (2 parts: total time = 9 Ius in SLP)0992) #2200 $39.95

Intercontinental Judges Cou rse, Tampa, Fla. Pom­mel Horse. Presentation by B. Roetzheim. (SLP format) (1992) #2210 $24.95

Colo. Spgs. Coaches Seminar for Men's Gymnas­tics. TU: Lioukin; V: Artemov; PB: Tomita; R: O 'Neill ; HB: Akopyan; Co nditionin g & Periodiza tion : Sands; PH: Daggett; Watanabe. (2 tapes, SLP format, 5:43) (1993) #2253 $24.95

Preschool! elementary Preschool Workshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnas­

tics. Fea tures Ka jsa Murmark & Gun Stahl. #1/ 3 tapes includes: Introduction, Phi losophy, and first group lessons. (2:00)(1991) #2130 $12.95

Preschool Workshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnas­tics. Features Kajsa Munn ark & Gun Stahl. #2 / 3 tapes includes: Ways to use apparatus, Day in the jungle, Bean bag activities, and Games. (2:00)0991)

#2131 $12.95 Preschool Workshop, Ft. Worth. Swedish gymnas­

tics. Features Kajsa Murmark & Gun Stahl. #3/3 tapes includes: Games, Ba lloon activities, and final lessons. (2:00)0991) #2132 $12.95

4

Rhythmic 92-96 J.O. Rhythmic LevelS & 6 VHS. Companion

to the compulsory book, this video shows the six level S routines performed from both a front and rear viewpoint. The level 6 routines are also per-formed in phrases. #2321 $29.95

92-96 J.O. Rhythmic Level 7 & 8 VHS. Companion to the compulsory book, the video shows the six level 7 routines and the level 8 RFX from two viewpoints. #2322 $29.95

Women J.O. Compulsory Video levels 1-4. Companion to

the compulsory book. #2105 $29.95 J.O. Compulsory Video levels 5-7 and 10. Com­

panion to the compulsory book.#2106 #29.95 J,O. Dance Workouts 1-3 for coaches' tape. Expla­

nation of the basic dance exercises. (2:00) #2173 $15.00

J.O. Dance Workouts 1-3 for gymnast's tape. Basic ballet exercises designed for the gymnasts to fo l­low. Demonstrated by M. Faulkenberry. (2:00)

#2171 $15.00 J.O. Dance Workouts 4 & 5 for gymnasts. These

levels are newly completed . #2172 $15.00 Roundoffvaulttraining. Developed byT. Gehman

fo r the Women's J .0. program. Prerequisites, train­ing tips, conditioning, and technique.

#2107 $19.95 Talent Opportunities Program (T.O.P.), Indianapo­

lis, IN. National Testing. This tapes shows all of the physica l abilities tests used at the National Testing in Indianapolis. ( 993) #2139 $14.95

Training Women

NEW Elite Compulsory Workshop, Salt Lake City. '96 Elite Compulsory Exercises.

This workshop was held in conjunction with the American Classic on March 28, 1993. Clinicians included: BB & FX: M. Grossfeld; TU & V: S. Elliott; and UB: A Akopyan. (SLP format, 4:00)

#2149 $15.95

Competitions Men

NEw USA/Japan A nnu a l Dual Meet,

Hamamatsu City, JPN, March, 1993. Team and Event Finals. Team resu lts: JPN-218.350, USA-217.300. AA results: T.Chinen 54.70 (JPN), Y.Hatakeda-54.65 (JPN), GreggCurtis-54.25 (USA), S. Watanabe-53.95), J .D.Reive-53.75 (USA), N.Iwai-53.70 (JPN). Other USA team members included D.Durbin and RKieffer.

#2257 $12.95 McDonald 's Am. Cup, Orlando,FL. Prelims and

Finals. Scherbo-56.950 (BLR), Ringnald-55.700 (USA), Wecker-55.175 (GER), Sharipov-55.000 (UKR), Gherman-54.850 (ROM), Wa ller-54.650 (USA), Supola-53.700 (HUN), Centazzo (ITA), Curtis (USA), Umino (JPN), Thomas (GBR), Bravo (ESP), Pluss (SUI), Lopez (MEX), Keswick (USA), Dashuang (CHN) (993) #2252 $19.95

Panasonic PROUD SPO NS OR OF USA GYMNASTICS

Winter Cup Challenge, Colo. Springs. Junior Elite: Compulsory & Optional. Wilson-102.25, Datilio-100.85, Killen-l00.50, Ellis-98.50, Klaus-97.90, Pansy-96.90, Thornton-96.25, Wood-95.55,Stibel-94.15, Masucci-93.15, and others. (SLP format, 5:43) (993) #2251 $16.95

Winter Cup Challenge, Colo. Springs. Senior Com­pulsory and Optional. Keswick-55.60 , Roethlisberger-54.95, Waller-54.80, Ringnald -53.65, Umphrey-53.55, Curtis-53.30, Asano-53.25, Masucci-53.25, Lynch-52.90, Harriso n-52.80, Durbin-52.45, Meadows-52.15, and others. (SLP format) (993) #2250 $16.95

Rhythmic Rhythmic Challenge, Colo. Springs, CO Senior

Elite: Bushnell-35.75, Hunt-35.35, Davis-35.35, Ward-34 .90, Levinson-34 .70, Tucay-34 .70, Vanderpluym-33.40, H.Lovell-32.80,Alberti-32.50, Bachar-31.80, James-31.1O, Davidovich-30.90. J un­ior Elite: Fredrickson-33.50, Lim-33.00, Tharp-31.60, Sievers-29.50 (993) #2329 $16.95

Women NEW Am. Classic, Salt LakeCity, March, 1993.

Junior and Senior National Optionals. Junior results: H .Prosser-72.230, M.Arnold-72.6' O.Willis-71.35, A.Muell er-70 .61, D.Barr-70 . 2~

J.Carow-69.99. Senior results: H .Harriman-72.905, AMurakami-71.93, KMonahan-71.855, L.Brown-71.435, M.Leopoldus-70.975, J. Basile-70.940. 0 :12)

#2145 $12.95 NEW Am. Classic, Salt Lake City, March, 1993.

Junior International Optionals. Se­lec ted routin es including: T.Meyers-37.20, D.Thompso n, 37. 15, J.Thompso n-37.125, E.Johnson-36.70, J.Martini-36.375, E.Diaz-36.35, B.Knaeble-36.325, M.Flammer-36.175. 0 :21)

#2146 $14.95 NEW Am. Classic, Salt Lake City, March, 1993.

Senior International Optionals. Se­lected routines including: S.Miller (exhibition), KStrug-39.1 0, D. Dawes-39.075, ABorden-38.225; H.H o rnbeek-38 .025, M.Gruggs-38 .00, K.McDennott-37.70, H .Brink-37.25, M.Campi-37.225, AErdos-37.15, M.Webster-36.975. 0 :41)

#2147 $16.95

NEW USA / Japa n A nnua l Dua l Mee t, Hamamatsu City, JPN, March, 1993.

Team and Event Finals. Team results: JPN-148.625, USA-148.325. AA results: M.Kosuge-38.050 (JPN), L.French-37.325 (USA), AChow-37.225 (USA), K. Po well -37. 100 (USA), ESugawara-37.100 (JPN), M.Etoh-36.675 (JPN). The other USA team member was Rachel Rochelli .

#2148 $12.95 McDonald's Am. Cup, Orlando, FL. Prelims and

Finals. Miller-39.268 (USA), Strug-38.168 (USA), Piskun-37.837 (BLR), Xuemei-37.455 (CHN), Portocarrero-37.206 (GUA), Hadarean-36.762 (ROM), Kosuge-35.798 (JPN), Galloway-35T (CAN), Dawes (USA), Borden (USA), Cam (USA), Stobvtcha taia (UKR), Machado (FRA), Molna r (HUN), Hristakieva (BUL) (993)

#2152 $19.95

Mny 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 5: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Book Review

MOVEMENT ACIIVIIIES FOR EARLyCmLDREN

ment Activities for

Earl) Childhood

Most coaches would agree that it is important for young children to learn about movement. Given a choice, children would opt to learn through move­ment. Unfortunately many coaches and educators are not inherently skilled to provide purposeful physi­cal activities for young chil­dren. Movement Activities for Early Childhood, by Carol

Hammett although written primarily for individuals who may have no formal training in physical educa-

tion, seasoned coaches as well as educators, will find this book refreshing and full of new ideas.

Movemel1t Activities for Early Childhood is divided into four chapters: Locomotor skills, Ball-handling skills, Gymnastics skills and Rhythmic activities. For the three skill areas, a "movement framework" is presented which includes a list of skill themes and movement concepts. Skill themes consist of action words such as walking, running, jumping and hopping. Movement concepts include pathways, levels, directors, space, and inten­sity and quality of movement, such as forward, clock­wise, under, or light movements. Movement concepts are ideas that can be applied to skill themes, thus creating a number of variations. What makes these

SAMPLE GAMES 0

Gymnastic Skills

Skill Theme: JUMPING AND LANDING

Game Name: Jack Be Nimble

Objective: To practice jumping, landing and dramatic play

Vocabulary: Jump, land, over

Equipment: A "candlestick" for each child (made out of bathroom tissue rolls)

Procedure: Ask the children to place their candlesticks on the floor. Together chant the nursery rhyme "Jack Be Nimble."

When the teacher says the words "Jack jump over the candlestick," have everyone jump over their candle. Repeat several times. This activity is particularly appealing to very young children.

Helpful Hint: With children, practice the nursery rhyme before introducing the candlesticks and playing the game.

Safety Idea: Be sure the candlesticks are far enough apart to prevent the children from jumping onto each other.

Variation: Ask the children to suggest different ways to jump, such as sideways, high, fast, and so on. Have all the children try each suggestion.

TECHNIQUE Mny 1993 5

Reviewed by: Christine Ebert USA Gymnastics Educational Services Intern

You may order

this book through

the USA

Gymnastics

Merchandise

Department. Use

the Order Form

on page 2 of this

magazme.

Movement Activities for Early Childhood Carol Hammett

• 1991 • Paper • 138 pp Item #3622 $15.00

Page 6: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Movement Activities for Early Childhood

games so enjoyable for children is that they were cre­ated by children! Some of the games were refined somewhat by teachers, but all have been field tested by hundreds of children.

3) interpreted movement to music, known as "creative movement."

The sections on gymnastics and rhythmic activities are particularly useful for preschool / developmental gymnastics coaches. The gymnastics section focuses on developing a child's muscular strength and flexibility, while raising the level of self-confidence and self-es­teem. There are 19 games specifically designed for gymnastics development. The section on rhythmic ac­tivities offers three ways to involve children in planned activities: 1) movement to music using hand apparatus, such as balls and ribbons; 2) choreographed movement to music using or incorporating traditional songs; and

The author offers some very helpful information including an equipment glossary, sample music re­sources, and a list of equipment companies with ad­dresses. This information can make the job of finding various equipment and obtaining necessary music for specific games much simpler.

The games in Movement Activities for Early Children are very basic and easy to follow. If you are interested in more advanced games and movements, then Move­ment Activities may not be of much use to you. How­ever, if you are looking for basic games for young children, then this is the book for you .

6

Lummi Sticks

Game Name:

Tune:

Skills:

Narration:

"This Old Man"

Traditional

SAMPLE GAMES

Rhythmic Activities

Drumming, tapping, shaking, pointing, rolling

~~ . Drumming (6 accented taps or beats)

~. ~t6!'A , v

~

- ~ ,

This old man, he played one.

He played knick-knack on my thumb

With a knick-knack paddy whack,

Give your dog a bone.

This old man came rolling home. ~

Repeat:

I

Tapping sticks together (6 )

Touching the thumb (I )

Shaking (7)

Pointing sticks up

. 7 Rolling (7 )

2. This old man, he played two ... on my shoe ...

3. This old man, he played three ... on my knee .. .

4. This old man, he played four ... on my floor...

5. This old man, he played five .. on my side .. .

(Have the children touch the appropriate spot for each verse.)

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 7: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Coaches Education

ACEP LEADER I.EVEL SPORTS SCIENCE CoURSE

USA Gymnastics will be sponsoring

ACEP Sports Science courses at

special rates for gymnastics

professionals. Certified ACEP

instructors who are registered with USA

Gymnastics will conduct these courses.

Successful completion of this course fulfills

one requirement for PDP Level II

Accreditation. Use the form on the following

page to pre-register for the course of your

choice. To guarantee your registration, a

completed registration form must be received

by USA Gymnastics 3 weeks (21 days) prior to

the published course date.

Friday & Saturday, June 25-26, 1993 Fri - 6:30-10:00p.m. Sat -10:00a .m.-1:30p.m. Camp Greenkill, Huguenot, NY Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050

The above course will be held in conjunction with the USA Gymnastics Summer Coaches Workshop.

Saturday & Sunday, June 26-27, 1993 Sat - 3:00-7:00p.m. Sun - 10:00a.m.-2:00p.m. Northeast Family YMCA, 9400 Mill Brook Rd., Louisville, KY 40223 (502) 425-1271 Course Instr.: Steve Schoenbaechler (502) 452-7561

Saturday, July 17, 1993 9:00a.m.-6:00p.m. SS Gymnastics, 12445 E. 39th Ave., Suite 505, Denver, CO 80239 Course Instr.: Betsy Sprague (303) 373-2797

Friday-Sunday, July 3D-August 1, 1993 TBA Course Instr.: Norbert Bendixon (708) 949-8743 The above course will be held in conjunction with the USGF Illinois State Congress.

Friday & Saturday, August 6-7, 1993 Fri - 6:00-9:30p.m. Sat - 8:00a .m.-12:00noon Woodward Camp, P.O. Box 93 R #45, Woodward, PA 16882 (814) 349-5633

Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 The above course will be held in conjunction with the USA Gymnastics Summer Coaches Workshop.

Friday & Saturday, August 6-7, 1993 Fri - 5:30-9:00p.m. Sat - 1O:30a.m.-5:00p.m. San Fillipe Community Center, Hayward, CA Course Instr.: Susan Robinette (510) 417-0446

Saturday, August 14, 1993 TBA Indianapolis, IN Course Instr.: Ed Gibson (219) 736-5600 Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 The above course will be held in conjunction with the USGF Indillnll State Business Meeting.

Saturday & Sunday, August 21-22, 1993 Sat - 6:00-9:00p.m. Sun - 1O:00a.m.-3:00p.m. Lake Owen Camp, HC 60, Box 60, Cable, WI 54821 (715) 798-3785 Course Instr.: Dave Moskovitz Contact: USA Gymnastics (317) 237-5050 The above course will be 11e1d in conjunction with the USA Gymnastics Summer Coaches Workshop.

Introducin two easy ways to get lo~ w qlesale prices on every Item ill our catalogs!

TECHNIQUE May 1993 7

Page 8: Technique Magazine - May 1993

USGF-ACEP Leader Level Sports Science - Registration Form

Fill in the following form as completely and accurately as possible. please print or type.

Name ________________________________ __ Birthdate _________ Age ___ (min. age is 18 years)

Address, ________________________ _ City ________________ State

Zip ___ _ Phone Nos: Home (_) - _ - __ Work ( ___ ) - _ - __

Social Security No. __ - __ -__ USGF Professional No. ________ _

Safety Certification Status: Are you currently Safety Certified? D Yes D No Expiration date: _I _1_ Course Information: Date: ---------- Location: ______________________________________ _

Course Instructor(s) ___________________________________________ __

Course Fees: 1. The textbook for the Leader Level Sports Science course is Successful Coaching. The textbook is included in the course fee.

Preregistered participants will receive their materials at the course. 2. The course fee is $75. 3. USGF Professional Members may register at the reduced rate of $60. 4. Successful completion of this course ~ulfills the Sport Science requirement for PDP Level II Accreditation.

Payment:

D Check (Payable to USA Gymnastics) Check No. __ _

D MasterCard or D VISA Card No. Exp. Date: _I_I_ Card Holder Name: Signature: ________________________ _

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May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 9: Technique Magazine - May 1993

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1993-1996

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Page 10: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Dave Moskovitz Coaching Development Coordinator

DIFHCULlY VS. ABILII'Y T

his article will describe the characteristics of safe and effective competitive routine construction. While coaches and choreog­raphers strive to meet the rigorous require­ments for competition, safety should re­

main the primary and foremost goal. As the task of routine construction is mastered, coaches will realize that both the safety of the gymnast and the score is maximized.

The governing body for the sport of gymnastics is the Federation Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Among its various responsibilities, the FIG, through Technical Committees (TC), creates the Code of Points, the official rules for competition. While the safety of the gymnast and the development of the sport have al wa ys been important objectives, the new code (1993 edition) includes some very specific changes that are important for the coaches and gymnasts alike.

The FIG Code of Points, Artistic Gymnastics for Men, Article 16 states:

"Basis for the Construction of Optional Exercises

The content of all exercises must conform to the capabilities of the gymnast. The de­gree of difficulty of an exercise must never be escalated at the expense of correct form and technically correct execution. The fol­lowing principle is valid: A gymnast must be in full and complete control of his body. For execution of exercises in competition, one of the most important concerns in gym­nastics are the prerequisites of safety, el­egance and flexibility for an aesthetic per­formance .

Along with this basic principle, at the same time an appeal is directed toward the gym­nasts and the coaches, that for the selection of the exercise parts, the risk of injury is as low as possible and the maintenance of the gymnast's health is placed in the fore­ground."

The USGF Gymnastics Safety Manual elaborates on this principle in saying that, "The goal is to achieve a reasonable degree of safety that is consistent with the nature of the activity itself and both the skill level and the performance goals of the gymnast." (p. 7) Remem­ber that what is reasonable and prudent must first be determined in the training gym, not during the "hea t of battle" on the competition floor.

This principle is emphasized empirically in other sections of the men's Code. The deduction factor of Exercise Presentation, formerly Execution and some

10

components of Combination, was increased in value from 4.40 to 5.40 points. In addition, the value for Difficulty was reduced from 4.00 to 2.40 points. There­fore, the coach and athlete should view an exercise performed with clean execution and relatively lower difficulty as superior to an exercise with technical and execution errors and relatively higher difficulty. For example:

If a gymnast attempts to perform a double back salto with 1 / 1 turn on floor exercise, D-part, and lands on his hands and knees, he would be deducted 0.40 in exercise presentation and may loose credit for the difficulty value, 0.60. The wise choice would be to perform an additional element of C-value, a double salto, with better technical execution, and therefore, only be lack­ing 0.20 in difficulty. The net result would be an in­crease in score, as well as to decrease the risk of injury.

Another tempting addition to the Code are diffi­culty elements of E-value. These are the most difficult elements and are, therefore, not required in the con­struction of an optional exercise. Remember,

"The teaching and learning of skills slowly and in a progressive manner is, without question, a fundamental corner­stone to success and safety in gymnastics. It requires appropriate selection of skills to be learned, as well as considerable time and adequate repetition at each phase of the learning sequence. Gymnastics per­formers should be able to clearly demon­strate "task mastery" over a broad spec­trum of core skills before advancing to more complex movements. Proper execu­tion techniques of the appropriate lead-up skills should always serve as an essential criterion for determining whether or not a gymnast should advance on to the next, more complex level." (Safety Manual, p. 79)

Article 18.5 in the Code states:

"Gymnasts with respective requirements and of a high performance level can also utilize the possibility to perform E-parts, even though they are not required.

By means of this, there will be the possibility to better differentiate the performances of the world's best gymnasts, who usually exceed the difficulty re­quirements for the individual apparatus. Additionally, through the awarding of bonus points, a better differ entiation of their scores will be more probable."

This should be interpreted by both coaches and athletes that the E-parts should only be used when the gymnast has first mastered the required skills of lesser

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 11: Technique Magazine - May 1993

value (A, B, C, and D). The gymnast should also be able to demonstrate proficiency over a wide range of skills prior to attempting these most difficult elements.

Further evidence of the importance that the new Code places on clean performances is found articles 21-25. These articles outline the specific deductions under Exercise Presentation. The Code is very specific, stat­ing clear definitions for all deductions, especially Ar­ticle 24.1:

"All deviations from the correct position are considered errors in execution and must be evaluated accordingly by the judges. The amount of the deduction for small, medium, or large errors is determined from the degree of deviation from the correct position.

The same deduction is taken each time for the same severity of bending, whether it be the arms, legs or the body."

This is one of the areas where the judges' evaluation is critical in the development and encouragement of safe and appropriate skill performance. All too often, gymnasts receive only a fraction of the possible deduc­tion for poor or inadequate performance. Indirectly, this encourages the gymnast to continue to perform skills which are likely beyond his capability.

Bonus points should be considered the reward for the very best gymnasts. In the past, bonus points (ROV), were so blatantly misused, that they became nearly irrelevant in analyzing the final score of the best ath­letes, even though substantial content difference ex­isted among performances. The new Code attempts to link the performance of more difficult elements with proper technical execution for the awarding of bonus points. According to Article 27.1:

"Bonus points will be awarded only for exercises which contain at least one 0-part. Thus bonus points serve exclusively as a means for a differentiation among the best and most difficult exercises. Valid here is that Article 16 is maintained-ele­ments and connection are to be performed only with good technical execution."

TECHNIQUE May 1993

With the 1993-96 Code's increased emphaSiS on technical execution and safety it is easy to understand that, for the majority of our gymnasts, bonus points should be a long-term goal not short-term reality.

In addition, the USGF Gymnastics Safety Manual ex-plains that:

"Significant innovations in the design and construction of apparatus and mats by equipment manufacturers, as well as in­creased and upgraded educational train­ing programs for teachers/coaches, have improved conditions immensely in the last 15 years, but at no time can we relinquish our vigilance in providing for the safety of the performers." (p. 1)

While we as coaches and teachers may have the knowledge and background to train a variety of skills, we must never use that knowledge at the expense of the gymnast's well-being. The variety of safety pits and landing pads available today give the opportunity to safely and effectively teach skills which were only dreams a few years ago. BUT, the gymnast still requires a good deal of time, dedication, and repetitions in order to master these skills. Do not let the confidence and reckless abandon of "pit tumbling" impair your discre­tion for selecting appropriate competitive skills.

Conclusion The first few months in each quadrennium should

be used as an educational period, not only for the coaches but also for the gymnasts. Remember that, "When one considers the variety of safety awareness factors, none is so critical as that of the preparation, training and education of the members of the coach­ingstaff." (Safety Manual, p. 5) Coaches must work very hard to interpret the changes in the code and encourage his or her gymnasts to strive for higher levels of perfor­mance. As a coach, use your gymnastics common sense and evaluate the best opportunities for improvement based on the Code and your gymnasts' current abilities to perform safely and effectively. Finally, work within the limitations of your facility and technical knowl­edge.

11

Coaching

The content of all

exercises must

conform to the

capabilities of the

gymnast. The

degree of difficulty

of an exercise

must never be

escalated at the

expense of correct

form and

technically correct

execution. A

gymnast must be

in full and

complete control

of his body. One of

the most

important

concerns zn

gymnastics are

the prerequisites

of safety, elegance

and flexibility for

an aesthetic

performance.

Page 12: Technique Magazine - May 1993

The following

notes were taken

from a lecture

presented by

Christine Still at

the December I

1988 British

National Coaches

Conference.

BEAM PREPARATION 1.

12

Posture and alignment The gymnast must be able to stand straight with good posture.

o , ~,

If the hips move when the gymnast nll1s along the beam, then she will have problems. The hips must face forward along the beam all the time. Here the gymnast (X) has poor turnout of the hips and is unable to walk forward without the hips twisting.

rO f)

I~ X A,I Mobility must be improved to prevent this. If the gymnast is very tight, she must work within her limits as the hips must be square if balance and stability on the beam are to be achieved.

Lying on the floor with the legs bent, the gymnast is

able to get the whole of her back fla t on the floor. She should slowly extend the legs and still keep the middle of her back on the floor. When she has achieved this position, she shou ld then reproduce this same feeling in her body when standing.

rO

I

~ 2.

When walking, the knees should be rotated outwards. Christine encourages a lot of work on just walking on the beam with the hips central and the legs rotated outwards.

rO rO rO

J I J Jll ~ Irl, / The feet should stretch as they come off the beam. The hips must still be kept straight.

The gymnast must be able to balance on the toes. She must not wobble and the ankles must stay straight.

Landing for leaps When landing from a leap, the :51Jmnast should land /n demi plii! as shown. Get the gymnast to hold this shape without doing a leap. Make sure that the knee is pressed over the toes .

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 13: Technique Magazine - May 1993

3.

Pass through this movement while moving along the beam.

Travel to the end of the beam. Maintain correct posture and body shape throughout. Next, progress this to a small leap and hold the landing position. Continue to step through to leap aga in. Be careful tha t the back foot extends immediately after leaving the beam.

Move on to large leaps and accentuate the landing as before. Christine suggested that the arms are held laterally throughou t to ensure that the shoulders are square. Let's look at the technique of the leap. Before the take-off, do not lift the front leg too high.

The front leg lifts higher as the back foot leaves the beam.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

I -

t II l

((

4.

to

1 It

It is easier to leap with a bend and then stretch of the front leg. This may be a more suitable technique for the gymnast. Both legs will be ben t before take-off, but as the push leg leaves the beam, it must be extended. The leap will not reach its fu ll potential if this is not so. In the air, both legs should be fully extended at the top of the leap.

,.{) --()

~~b-~ ~ { ;;? II Jumps First, get the gJpl1nast to go through plie pressing the heels down, and then pull up onto the toes.

o

!~ tl % 5 Then bend and jump in the same manner. The jump must be reproduced correctly each time. If you ask for the arms to be in one place, then you should expect them to be there! If the gymnast does not achieve the correct shape, then get her down from the beam to correct this problem.

Have the gJjm nast try to see the beam without dropping her head. This is more difficult if the jump is

performed close to the end of

13

Technique

Meg Warren Association of British Gymnastics Coaches Sherwood House, Hinckley Road Burbage, Leicester LE102AG

Page 14: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Beam Preparation

14

the beam; but if pelformed in the middle, the eyes can easily see the end with the head upright .

'0, 10 ..

~\ ~ ........................ .

=========~ 5.

6.

Agilitt} landings

Check the final position that the gym nast can leap into before the hips twist or the back leg bends.

to to ~ J , • f\~ J\ /J\\~

Once this position has been found , have the gymnast flex the front leg to come to lu nge position. This is the landing position. The gymnast must learn this position before the cartwheel, the back walkover and before the handstand on beam.

Kick to handstand, step down to lunge landing position. Practice this frequently. Have the gymnast watch the first landing foot as it arrives on the beam.

Kicking to handstand

Imagine that the hands and

front foot are tied together with string. When the arms move, so does the front foot .

t~ When on the hands in a handstand, the back must be flat to show a handstand and legs in split . Get the gymnast to spot the beam to come to the classic lunge landing position .

-<=...-- - y'" -J-= Make sure that the gtjll1l1ast is strong in the legs as well as supple (flexible). Have the gtjll1nast lift her leg off a high platform (beam or box).

rO D

,~ I/o I[ 'I I \_

If the head is lifted too high when in a handstand, the shoulders will be forward and not extended.

When kicking to a handstand, the back should flatten ear/yo

7. Back handspring (FF)

Ha ve the gymnast do the FF on the floor, stopping in handstand.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 15: Technique Magazine - May 1993

8.

p ~\ If \f

~ X (I

~ If the gtjmnast is too arched, she will have problems getting her feet onto the beam.

When preparing for the back handspring, the gtjmnast must have tension in the leg muscles. Have her sit on the floor with the legs tight. The gtjlnnast should do the back handspring with the same feeling .

0\

f~ CA

= - t On the FF landing, make sure tha t the back leg is over the beam. Do not bring the leg down too fast.

___ :7"

~-/ ~"x \\ \\ "'L

When doing two back handsprings in series, the gtjlnnast brings the back foot in close and ready to go into the 2nd.

Turns Half Pivot. The gtjmnast should feel her shoulders going backwards to initiate the turn; rather than the shoulders going across to initiate the turn . (This would give an inward appearance) .

0 rO 0\ J)

~ I (j;, f r/\ «\ ~ A /1\\ 1/ ,,\ J ), / 11

X

TECHNIQUE May 1993

9.

Half turn. Step into position shown below. Hold it, step and then step into this position again . This body position must be venj precise with the toes just touching the shin.

1 [P> ~

Next, progress to step into a half turn . Keep on the toes. Fina lly, develop this into a 1/1 turn . (The gtjmnast will need a little more push-off from the back leg). Note the position (X) below encourages an arched back. It is better for gtjlnnasts do develop the turn in pique or passe position ('1/).

Footnote from Meg Warren

You may think that the

above is a little long winded

just to train a few leaps,

turns, and back handsprings.

I should point out that

Christine Still has coached

perhaps some of the best

beam workers in Britain -

her gtjmnasts have straight

legs in layout saitos, work on

their toes and have legs in

splits and beyond.

15

Technique

This article is

reprinted by

permission from

the Association of

British

Gymnastics

Coaches

Newsletter, June,

1989,pp.1-5.

Page 16: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Steve Whitlock Director of Educational Services and Safety

CLUB RIsK MANAGEMENT COMMI'IwI'EE

Some risk is inherent in any sport such as gymnastics w hich involves height, ro ta tion, a ppara tus

B. van der Smissen (1 990) has iden­tified four general categories into

and dynamics. Acci- OOPS' dents happen and in-juries occur. The pri- • mary purpose of the U.s. Gymnastics Fed­eration Safety Certifica­

which all risks may be placed: 1) property exposures; 2) public liability (excluding negligence in program ser­vices); 3) public liability (negligence in program services); and 4) business opera ti ons . Doyice J. Cotten (1993) suggests that tion Program is simple-­

to reduce the number of accidents and minimize the incidence and severity of inju­ries to athletes, coaches and specta­tors. The USGF safety program en­courages the d evelopment of safety awareness in the planning and conduct of gymnastics programs and activities. Another objective includes reducing the club's expo­sure to legal liability.

USA Gymnastics believes that it is a good idea for gymnastics clubs to form a Safety or Risk Management Committee to evaluate and develop a plan of opera­tional p rocedures regarding programs, policies, proce­dures, and practices. In the simplest form, this commit­tee might consist of an assigned "Risk Manager" such as the Gym Owner and additional members such as the Program Director or Head Coach . This basic group could be expanded to include other members such as a parent's club represen ta tive, an insurance specialist/ advisor, a legal advisor, a medical and /or certified trainer advisor, and perhaps even an athlete represen­ta tive.

Risk management has been defined as "the formal process of assessing exposure to risk and taking what­ever action is necessary to minimize its impact. " (Na­tional Association of Independent Schools, 1988)

Most gymnastics clubs work hard to develop good relationships w ithin their communities-it is likely that they could easily d raw upon these relationships to identify willing volunteers to serve on your risk management committee.

The club's Risk Ma nagement Committee should mee t regularly-perhaps once each month. Besides developing long range plans for safety, the committee would evaluate past programs, make suggestions for fu­ture programs, examine injury pa t­terns within the club's history, and serve as a general advoca te for safety.

16

one positive outcome of this committee should be the devel-

opment of a Risk Management Manual for all employees at all levels for

the establishment and implementation of safety policies.

Gymnastics clubs have proven themselves to be good event organizers. If a club plans to conduct a major gymnastics competition such as a state or re­gional meet, they have time and again demonstrated their ability to coordinate and organize committees for event sponsorship, competition organization, compute) scoring, concessions, judges' hospitality, program sales, and theme decorations. The point here is that a Safety and Risk Management Committee should be an inte­gral part of these efforts. Shouldn 't sa fety be a higher priority than cookie sales?

USA Gymnastics injury data and follow-up compe­tition reports from sanctioned competitions suggest that prior attention to safety concerns might have re­duced or eliminated problems and potential risk situa­tions. For example, USA Gymnastics has received re­ports where spectators were sea ted uncomforta bly close to the competition area, traffic flow was not pre-planned which resulted in gymnasts or specta tors actuall y walk­ing through the competitive area while a gymnast was performing. Over-crowding existed because there was no consideration to handle unexpected numbers of spectators, or emergency fi rst aid services were im­peded due to obstructed entrances or crowded parking

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 17: Technique Magazine - May 1993

lots. One of the duties of the Risk Management Com­mittee would be to evaluate important safety consider­ations prior to the competition event and establish a management plan.

On a more day-to-day gym club operation basis, USA Gymnastics data suggests that many injuries that occur might be avoided if greater attention is given to the establishment and follow-through of basic safety rules and policies. For example, one athlete was re­cently injured when attempting to adjusting the height of the low bar without the help of her coach. The

parents complained that their daugher was not given specific

• • •

• • •

instruction on the correct procedures for adjust-ing the uneven bar height. It should be standard operating procedure that all recreation class and team level gymnasts are given instruction in the proper adjustment of all gymnastics apparatus and guidelines as to when the students should seek assistance from the coach.

USA Gymnastics has also observed instances where, during the hectic pressure of a competition, a gymnast was injured and later claimed -that "my coach d id not set the equipment at my personal proper adjustment. " These situations are often somew ha t controversial as to where responsibility should be placed . However, es­tablishment of a consistent plan suggested by the Risk Management Committee can be helpful.

When I was coaching competitive gymnastics teams at my club in Michigan, I attempted to make it clearly understood and appreciated by my gymnasts, that they had a participatory responsibility to observe and "OK" their bar settings and landing mat placement. In discussions and pre-meet practice competitions with the athletes, to emphasize this point with my gym­nasts, I likened the situation to parachuting where the individual who jumps out of an airplane always wants to be the one who packs his/ her own parachute, or the airplane pilot who does a final "walk-around" the plane and then goes through a final check-list before take-off.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

The parachutist and the pilot clearly understand and appreciate the importance of proper personal equip­ment adjustment and desire (or insist) that they play an active part in determining that all is "A-OK." In our gymnastics competitions, I would refer to my notes when setting the bars for each athlete; ask the gymnast for a verbal confirmation of the setting; and finally I'd personally check it one more time. At competitions in a gym facility with unfamiliar equipment, we found it helpful to write each gymnast's bar settings on the back of her hand so that it wouldn't be forgotten in the rush of timed warm-ups. The point is that the gymnast and I had established a prior plan of action and responsibil­ity to ensure that we were both comfortable and confi-

dent in the apparatus and mat settings. Did we ever screw up? Yes-but, this was usu­

ally a result of

• •

• •

one or both of us fail­ing to follow our plan.

As stated at the beginning of this article, accidents happen and injuries occur-however, through the es­tablishment of an active club Safety and Risk Manage­ment Committee, the number of occurrences and sever­ity of gymnastics injuries CAN be significant! y red uced to make gymnastics a safer sport and permit the gym­nasts and spectators to enjoy the multitude of positive physical, motivational, artistic, and social benefits of "the most beautiful sport in the world."

References Cotten, D.]. (1993). Risk management-a tool for reducing exposure to legal liability. JOPERD, 58-61.

George, G. (1990). USGF Gymnastics Safety Manual, 2nd edition. USGF Publications, Indianapolis, IN.

National Association of Independent Schools. (1988). Risk mal1agement for schools. Boston:Author.

van der Smissen, B. (1990) Lega l liability al1d risk managemel1t for pllblic al1d private entities. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing Co.

17

Safety

USA Gymnastics

data suggests

that many injuries

that occur might

be avoided if

grea ter attention

is given to the

establishment and

follow up of basic

safety rules and

policies.

Page 18: Technique Magazine - May 1993

A : lHEFAOS • HOSTCrTY

• Atlanta, Georgia

CONGRESS DATES .p . re-congress sessIOns

• September 8-9, 1993

• Congress Sessions September 9-12, 1993

• CONGRESS HOTEL

• Atlanta Marriott Marquis

1993 265 Peachtree Ctr. Ave.

• Atlanta, GA 30303

• 404-521-0000

USA GYMNASTICS HOTEL RATES • Single/ double $ 99

Triple/ quad $119 • Reservation cut-off date is ATlANTA ATTRAcnONS • August 19,1993. When not attending Congress sessions, participants may want to enjoy some of Atlanta's other attractions. Some sites: • GROUND TRANSPORTATION

Hotel Parking: $12/day • STONE MOUNTAIN MEMORIAL PARK: A 3,200-acre park surrounding the base of the largest

mass of exposed granite in the Western Hemisphere. It's 16 miles east of downtown. • •

MART A (Metropolitan Atlan ta

Rapid Transit Au thority):

• UNDERGROUND ATLANTA: This commercial area situated in an old sub-level train depot has been visited by more than 10 million visitors. • $1.25 one way from

Hartsfield Airport to the station in Peachtree Center

• GEORGIA STATE CAPITOL: Completed in 1889, the dome is 23-karat gold, mined and brought from Dahlonega, Ga., by horse-drawn wagon train.

• •

(which connects to the hotel via

covered wa lkway)

• ZOO ATLANTA: In Grant Park, Atlanta's oldest.

TARGmD SEMINARS SPECIFICALLY FOR YOUR NEEDS

• Women's sessions

• Men's sessions

• Rhythmic sessions

• BUSiness/Management

• Preschool/developmental

• Sport's science

1993 USA CONGRESS BE A PART OF THE EXCITEMENT

• Learn innovative and tested TRAINING TECHNIQUES from top coaches and former Olympians ...

• Hear the latest in SPORTS SCIENCE advances from leading experts ...

• See hundreds of new GYMNASTICS PRODUCTS and the latest equipment.. .

• Visit Atlanta's fabulous UNDERGROUND AND PEACHTREE CENTER next door. ..

• Enjoy the PERFORMANCES of the rhythmic athletes at the WORLD TEAM TRIALS ...

• Gather with FRIENDS at the annual BANQUET ...

• Benefit by NETWORKING AND SHARING ideas with other coaches, gym owners, program ad ministra tors, and judges ...

18

(ONGtliSS (OS1S \>fo'eSS\ono\ Memb

efs

Early Registration ttelei'led ~tiot \0 l\u9· \)

S\1S late Registration ttelei'led n"et l\u9· \ ) S\5l) ~on_membefs S1\l)

Fill out registration form on next page.

THE AnANTA MARRIOTT MARQUIS

• • • • • • • • •

Official Car Rental Agency: Budget Rent a Car of Atlanta Contact: Melanie Parkins 404-530-3000 (call collect)

Atlanta Airport Shuttle: You will receive a $2 discount coupon for round trip service upon register-ing for Congress. Round trip shuttle is $12 with discount coupon. One way from airport to hotel is $8 and the $2 discount coupon will not apply.

Located in the heart of downtown Atlanta's prestigious Peachtree Center, the Marriott Marquis is the most magnificent hotel in the South.

Designed by world-renowned archltect, John Portman, the Marquis features a soaring 50 story interior atrium, glass enclosed bubble elevators and an abun­dance of greenery and works of art.

Whatever your pleasure, the Marquis offers something for everyone. Fresh seafood at Pompano's, tangy Mexican at La Fuente, sumptuous buffets at The Arbors and international fare at The Atrium Cafe. Champagne by the glass at the elegant Lobby Lounge, live entertainment at The Garden Lounge, breathtaking views from The Grandstand and award winning Champion's Sports Bar.

You can unwind in the hotel's indoor / outdoor pool, work out in the fully­equipped health club, take a sauna or even get a good rub down. You can also go on a shopping spree at the hotel's special collection of very specialized Garden Level shops.

The Marquis is just 20 minutes north of Hartsfield International Airport and a marble covered walkway from Peachtree Center, where Atlanta's MARTA Rapid Rail line can whisk you to many of the area's famous attractions.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 19: Technique Magazine - May 1993

SEPTEMBER 9-12,1993 • ATLANTA, GEORGIA A

1993 GRESS USA GYMNASTICS

1993 PRE-REGISTRATION FORM Complete one form per person-please photocopy form for additional registrations.

Name __________________________________________________ _

Social Security No. __________________________________________ _

USGF Pro # ______________________ _ Exp. Date ____________ _

Mailing Address __________________________________________ __

City ______________________ __ State ______ _ Zip __________ _

Name of Club Program ______________________________________ _

Day Phone ________________ __ Night Phone __________________ _

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o Judge Title: 0 Club Owner 0 Coach 0 Administrator

Minimum age for Congress registration is 16 years.

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Amount Enclosed 1-1 $ _____ ----l

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T593

TECHNIQUE May 1993

CONGRESS COSTS Fee includes:

• 1 Credential for entrance to regular Congress sessions, master clinics, and demonstra­tions on Thursday afternoon through Saturday. And ...

• Free entrance to the Exhibit Hall featuring the industry's finest products. (Additional day passes into the Exhibit Hall are $5.00 each.)

• 1 Ticket to the annual USGF Banquet. (Additional Banquet tickets for spouses / guests are $40 each-available at registra­tion.)

• 1 Ticket to the Rhythmic World Team Trials (Additional tickets will be available on site.)

Note: You must register separately for the PDP Coaching Accredita­tion courses, Safety Certification course/exam, Skill Evaluators exam, etc. Forms will be available begin­ning with the June issue of Tech­nique magazine.

CANCEllATIONS: Registration is

non-refundable after August 15, 1993 NO EXCEPTIONS

No Pre-registrations after August 20, 1993 After August 20,

you must register "on-site."

19

Page 20: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Congres-s

While, it is too

early to offer a

complete

schedule, the

following might

be helpful in your

general planning.

TENTATIVE 1993 CONGRESS SCHEDULE

20

revised 4112 Atlanta, GA

9/8 Wednesday 7:30 am- 9:00 pm

8:30 am- 9:00 pm

3:00 pm- 9:00 pm

9/9 Thursday 7:00 am- 9:00 pm

8:30 am-II :30 am

8:30 am- 1 :30 pm

9:00 am-II :30 am

9/10 Friday

9/11 Saturday

9/12 Sunday

12:00 noon-6:00 pm

12:30 pm- 1:45 pm

2:30 pm- 3:15 pm

3:30 pm- 4:45 pm

5:00 pm- 6:15 pm

5:00 pm- 9:00 pm

6:00 pm-l0:00 pm

7:00 am- 9:00 am

7:00 am- 9:00 pm

11 :00 am- 7:00 pm

8:45 am- 9:45 am

10:00 am-11:15 am

11:30 am-12:30 pm

12:30 pm- 2:00 pm

2:00 pm- 3:15 pm

3:30 pm- 4:45 pm

5:00 pm- 6:15 pm

6:00 pm-lO:OO pm

7:00 pm-lO:OO pm

7:00 am- 9:00 am

7:30 am-12:30 pm

10:00 am- 3:00 pm

8:45 am-l0:00 am

10:15 am-11:30 am

11:30 pm- 1:00 pm

1:00 pm- 2:15 pm

2:30 pm- 3:45 pm

4:00 pm- 5:15 pm

6:15 pm- 7:15 pm

7:30 pm- 9:30 pm

9:30 pm- 1 :00 am

9:00 am-12:30 pm

9:00 am- 3:00 pm

9:30 am-II :30 AM

10:30 pm- 2:30 pm

1 :00 pm- 4:00 pm

Congress Registration Booth open

USGF/ ACEP Sport Science 13.5-hr. LTS Course, Part 1

USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 1, Part 1

Congress Registration Booth open

USGF/ ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 1, Part 2

USGF / ACEP Sport Science 13.5-hr. L TS Course, Part 2

PDP Level I grandparent course

Exhibit Hall open

Congress session 1 (1:15)

Congress session 2 (1:15)

Congress session 3 (1:15)

Congress session 4 (1:15)

USGF Safety Certification course and exam

Special Group meeting and certifications (Skill Evaluators)

Special Group meetings

Congress Registration Booth open

Exhibit Hall open

Congress session 5 (1:00)

Congress session 6 (1:15)

Congress session 7 (1:15)

Lunch and visit Exhibit Hall

Congress session 8 (1:15)

Congress session 9 (1:15)

Congress session 10 (1:15)

Special Group meetings

USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 2, Part 1

Special Group meetings

Congress Registration Booth open

Exhibit Hall open

Congress session 11 & Sport Science Symposium (1:15)

Congress session 12 & Sport Science Symposium (1:15)

Lunch and visit Exhibit Hall

Congress session 13 & Sport Science Symposium (1:15)

Congress session 14 & Sport Science Symposium (1:15)

Regional meetings

USA Gymnastics A wards Reception

USA Gymnastics Banquet

Dance

Special Group meetings

USGF / ACEP Sport Science 8-hr. Course 2, Part 2

Meet Director's Course and exam

USGF Safety Certification course and exam

USA Gymnastics Rhythmic World Team Tria ls

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 21: Technique Magazine - May 1993

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Page 22: Technique Magazine - May 1993

I EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS I PuBLICATIONS

Use the order form on page 2 to order an,y of these publications.

Coaching Coachillg YOIlIlg Athletes (1981 , Martens, paper, 200 pp) • This book

introduces and explains the basics of coaching philosophy, sport psychology, teaching sport skill s, sport physiology, sports medi-cine and parent management. #13 $22.00

SeqJ/ent ial Gymuastics II: The Il lstructor'sGJ/ide(1992; Hacker etal, 108 pp) • Used in conjunction with USA Gymnastics PDP Level I Coach Accreditation, this book is designed specifically for the gymnastics teacher to provide basic gymnastics skill progres-sions. #3604 $13.00

Rookie Conches GYlllllnstics Guide (1992, USGF / ACEr, paper, 80 pp) • A combination of coaching advice and gymnastics information for the entry-level gymnastics coach. This book is one of the required texts for USA Gymnastics PDP Levell Coaching Accreditation.

#3608 58.95

Competitive Men FIG Code of Poillts (1992-96, FIG, paper) • The offici al international

competitive guideline book \·vi th skill difficulty ratings. #1201 $39.95

JUlliorOIYlllpic Progralll- JOPC (1992, USA Gymnastics, 3-ring binder, 130 pp) • Includes graded levels of compulsory exercises as well as mod ified optionals. Competitions are conducted at the local, s ta te, regional, and national levels. #1202 $29.95

Olympic Development Progralll- ODP (1992, USA Gymnastics, paper, 41 pp) • This skill s testing program is designed to identify talented and promising gymnasts as well as for the education and training of the coaches. #60 57.50

Competitive Rhythmic FIG Code of Poillts (1 992-96, FIG, bind er, 213pp) • The official inter­

nalional competitive guideline book with skill difficulty ratings. #1301 539.95

Competitive Women Compl/ /sory Text (1992-96, USA Gymnastics, 3-ring binder, 203 pp) •

USG F Junior Olympic Compulsory Program, Levels 1-4, 5-7 and 10. USGF Pro-member price: #1111 524.95

FIG Code of Poillts (1992-96, FIG, binder, XX pp) • The official interna tiona l competitive guide line book with skill difficulty rat-ings. #1101 539.95

Elementary & Preschool Make the Team: Gyulll fls tics for Girls (1991 , Whitlock,

NEW paper, 127 pp, Sports Illustrated for Kids: Little, Brown and Co.) • Desig ned for young girls expressing inter­

est in gymnas tics, this book includes tips, ad vice, illustrations, and more to help them get started in a sport that is great fu n and great exercise. #3630 55.95

Des iglll'llg Preschool Movement Programs (1992, Sanders, pa per, 152 pp) • Both a detai led guide for developing a preschool/ move­ment curriculum and a resource containing developmentally appropriate movement act ivities. #3626 516.00

Developmelltnl GY"lHnstics (1 990, O'Quinn, paper, 218 pp) . Gymnas­tics movement education program for kindergarden th rough 3rd grade. #3605 519.95

Fitness F1I1I:85 Gamesnlld Activities /orChildrm (1992; Foster, Hartinger & Smith; paper; 112 pp) • Provides children with unique and enjoyable ac tivities tha t consider muscular strength, muscula r endurance, nexibil ity, and card iorespiratory fitness. Great for K-8. #3601 $12.00

Grent Gnllles for YOIlIlg Peopte (1991; Gutafson, Wolfe & King; paper; 152 pp) • Contains 60 field-tested ga mes and relays for upper elementary through high school. Included: complete descriptions, gamediagrams,suggestionsformodifications,equipmentneeded, and sa fety tips. #3623 512.00

I C(lII Do GYl1lllastics: Esselltial Skills for Begilllling Gymnasts (1992, Hackere t at paper, 139) • This is the student version of Sequen tial Gymllastics ll. Fully illustrated gymnastics movement sequences activities: Learn to fa ll, Across the floor, Over the vault, On the beam, Around the bars, Rhythmic skill s. #3611 513.00

Movement Activities for Early Childhood (1992, Totsky-Hammett , pa­per, 152 pp) • 100+ child- tested movement act ivities that make learning new skills fun for preschoolers. Four movement areas: locomotor, ball-handling, gynmastics skill s, and rhythmic activi-ties. #3622 $15.00

The JlI1l1p Rope Primer (1991 , Solis & Bud ris, spi ral, 104 pp) • Part I is an introduction to rope jumping; Part II contains over 175 illust ra­tions of specific skill s; and Part III provides an 8-lesson unit from the basic 2-foot jump to Double Dutch. #3624 $15.00

22

The jl/mp Rope Primer Video (1 991, 1/ 2" VHS) • Video demonstrations of all the jump rope techniques included in the book, making them easy to understand and teach. #3625 $49.95

Gymnastics I Can Do Gymnastics: Essential Skills fo r Intermediate

NEW GY"lllnsts (1 993, Hacker, et al. paper, 179 pp, Masters Press) • The sequel to I Call Do GYlllllastics: Esselilial

Skills for Beginner GYlllllasts. Intermedia te skills for tumbling, vaulting, beam and low bar. The" Advanced Supplement" pro­vides the instructor w ith sugges tions for skill development on uneven bars, parallel bars, rings, and pommel horse as well as more advanced tumbling skills. Great for recrea tion classes! #3600 $14.95

Artistic Gymnastics: A Comprehensive Guide to Performing alld Teachillg Skills for Begillllersalld Aduallced Begitillers (1 991, Turoff, paper, 41 3 pp) . All of the skill s covered in this text are A-level or easier. Each skill is presented with a description of how it should be per­formed, a short li st of common problems, and teaching sugges-tions. Covers men's and women's events. #50 $21.95

Creatillg Gynlllasfics Pyramids and Bala1/ces (1989, Fodero & Furblur, spiral, 120 pp) • Pyramid building is safe and fun with the thorough instructions and guidelines found in this guide. Choose from 268 carefully illustrated and explained formations.

#3614 $18.00

Dance Choreography for Competitive Gymnastics (1 990, Gu la, paper, 176 pp) • Focuses on how dance techniques can, and should, be applied to the training of gymnasts. The book helps the reader use combinations of dance steps to create complete choreographed sequences for floor and beam. #3628 $21.00

Dallce Workout: 1-5 (1992, USA Gymnastics, spira l, 46 pp) • Educa­tional program designed specifically for the developmental gym­nast. The entire program is also available on 1f2" VHS.

#2170 515.00

Dance Trailli llg for Gymnastics (1 988, Pica, cloth, 160 pp) • For gymnasts, coaches and dance instructors. Purpose: to d efin e the role of dance in gymnas tics. #3629 525.00

Gymnastics: A Gllide for Parentsaud Atlifetes (1 992, Feeney, paper, 171 pp) - An excellent book for beginners as well as experienced gymnasts. Contains informa tion to guide parents and athletes in choosing a gymnastics program that "viii best suit their needs. Provides pertinent information on safety, conditioning, and the guidlines of the sport. #3612 $15.00

HealthJFitness Fitness Leaders Halldbook (1 989, Franks & HO\vley, paper, 276 pp) •

For exercise leaders with little formal training but whoare respon­sible for leading safe and effective fi tness classes. Includes: evalua­tion, practical competencies, forms, helpful hints, injury preven-tion stra tegies, and much more. #3619 $19.00

Mnrketillg Henlth/Fitlless Services (1 989, Gerson, cloth, 136 pp) • A marketing guid e showing how to enhance the business side of an operation and achieve optimal profit with minimal financia l risk. It takes the readers step-by-step through wri ting and implement-ing a marketing/business plan. #3616 $21.00

Ropics: The Next Ju mp Fonllard ill Fitness (1992, paper, 168 pp) • A great fitness program for all. Includes 34 basic to ad vanced rope techniques and va riations. #3621 $12.95

SCI/iors 011 the Move (1986, Rikkers, spiral , 256 pp) • Selected exercises and health / fitness program for seniors. #3620 $26.00

Nutrition He/pillg Athletes witli Eating Disorders (1993, Thomp­

NEW son and Sherman, cloth, 208 pp, Human Kinetics) • This p ractical guide explains how sports medicine

specialis ts, sport psychologists, sports nutritionists, and coaches can identi fy, manage, and prevent the three major ea ting disor­d ers in athletes: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorder not otherwise speci fi ed. #3631 $25.00

Conches GllidetoNlltritiOllalld Weigllt Con trol (1990, Eisenman, paper, 192 pp). A practical guide to sports nutrition which translates the sciences of physiology, biochemistry and nutrition into easily applied information. Includes an excellent chapter on the signs of ea ting disorders. #17 $22.00

Sport (General) joy and Sadness ill Childrell's Sports (1978, Martens, paper, 376 pp).

36 articles based upon pertinence, succinctness & quality of wri t­ing. The book emphasizes the joy of sports, but also examines those events that create sad ness. #15 $19.95

Posters Bill of Rights for YOl/lIg Atiltetes (1 984, AAHPERD) • Lists 12 impor-

tant rights of a lhletes. #3603 $5.00

5nfety Poster #1: Safety Gllide/illes (USA Gymnastics) #6101 $5.00

Safety Poster #2: Responsibilities of the Gymnast (USA Gymnastics) #6102 $5.00

Safety Poster #3: Mnt Snfety (USA Gymnastics) #6101 $5.00

Safety Poster #4: Snfety First! (USA Gymnastics) #6101 $5.00

Sport Psychology Adv",lces ill Sport Psychology (1992, Willis & Campbell , cloth, 272 pp)

• Text providing broad coverage of research, theory and practical applica tions in exercise psychology. Real-life scenarios help read­ers understand how to apply theoretical models and research in the fitness setting. #3617 542.00

III Pursuit of Excellence: How to Wi,l iu Sport aud Life Through Mental Trail/illg (1990, Orlick, paper, 208 pp) • Text covering basic sport psychology techniques of concentrat ion, winning, losing, and competing successfully. #14 514.95

Milldset for Willl/illg (Curtis) • This coaching system is designed to improve the mental preparation of athletes. It is an entire mental training program which includes: coaching manual; athlete's log; cassette, and VHS tape. #3603 $69.95

Sport Science Ergogell ic Aids ill Sport (1 983, Williams, doth, 386 pp) • The aids a re

grouped into 5 ca tegories: nutritional , pharmacological, physi-ological, psychological, and mechanica l. #19 $28.95

Livillg AllntolllY (1990, Donnelly, spiral, 231 pp) • Designed for physical education teachers, coaches and / or trainers. Learn about the human body in a manner that is applicable to the daily activities of you r field. #16 519.50

Physiology of Fitlless (1990, Sharkey, paper, 432 pp) • An up-to-date guide to the prescription of exercise for health, fitness & perfor­mance. The book is divided into 5 parts: aerobic fitness, muscular fitness, fitness & weight. control, fitness & hea lth, and fitness & li fes tyle. #12 $17.95

Toward an Understanding of Human Performallce (1980, Burke, paper, 3 11 pp) • Readings in exercise physiology for the coach and a thlete. #18 521.00

Sports (General) Dnre to Dren lll (1992, Daggett, cloth, 235 pp) • Tim Daggett's own

account of his pursuit of a gymnastics dream. A positive, motivat-ing and inspiring story. #3615 $18.00

Portrait of nil Atiltete (1 992, Durbin, paper, 88 pp) • This book emphasizes the ideals that make athletes successful in both sports and life. It features advice, motiva tion, and values that help young people understand what athletics can mean to their future.

#3627 58.95

Strength/Conditioning Mell 's 1993 COllditionillg Program - (1993; Sands, et al;

NEW paper, approx. 25 pp, USGF Publica tions) • A com-prehensive conditioning plan designed for the de­

mands of men's gymnastics. The components of the plan include the Calisthenic Strength Program, the Flexibility Program, and Injury Prevention Exercises. Periodization charts and illustrations of all of the exercises a re included. #3632 $6.00

Development of the COllditiolling Factors ill Elite Gymllastics (1989, Hullner, paper, 51 pp). This booklet was originally developed for the men's events, but a lso has broad applicability to the women's events. #1212 $16.00

The Fifth Evellt - (1992;Sands, et a l; paper, 42 pp) • A comprehensive conditioning plan designed for the demands of women's gymnas­tics. The components of the plan include the Calisthenic Strength Program, the Flexibility Program, and Injury Prevention Exer-cises. #3613 512.50

StrengthIPower jllmpillg ill to Plyometrics (1992, Chu, paper, 88 pp) • How to develop

a sa fe plyometric training program. Features 90 fully illustrated example plyometric exercises. #3618 $12.95

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 23: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Sports Medicine

SHOULDER COMPLEX: B lOME CHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS G

ymnastics has

long been re­

garded as a

well-rounded,

developmental activity, Glenohumeral

Joint

positively entrenched in a

variety of movement

patterns for the entire

body. Increases in

Scapula

Humerus

muscular strength and

endurance, flexibility,

neuromuscular

coordination, agility, and

kinesthetic awareness are

a few of the examples derived from

gymnastic participation. It may be that

gymnastics provides a special

contribution to the development of the

shoulder complex. This contribution is

particularly relevant in societies where

life styles, and most of the sports activities

offered to youth, do not produce adequate

shoulder development. The lack of upper

body development is particularly

applicable to the American society.

Improved athletic performance, and the

opportunity to impact on needed upper

body development, cannot be fully

realized unless the gymnastic community

understands the biomechanical relation­

ships between parts of the shoulder

complex.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

TIlE SHOULDER COMPLEX

Shoulder Complex Relationships Shoulder complex defined

The shoulder complex is made up of a combination of the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle. A shoul­der joint is the articulation between the humerus and the glenoid fossa (glenohumeral joint). The shoulder girdle consists of the clavicle, scapula, and related ar ticulations. Normal interplay between parts of the shoulder complex provide an important key to success­ful performance.

Interplay of action Analyzing relationships between the articulations

of the shoulder complex is probably the most challeng­ingstudy of the musculoskeletal structure (Engin, 1980). Effective relationships between the shoulder girdle and shoulder joint provide a compatible interplay of action. A primary outcome is the alignment of the glenoid fossa in an auspicious position for moving the humerus during gymnastic skills. A 2:1 displacement ratio, be­tween the humerus and scapula, is considered to be a favorable interplay (Arnheim and Prentice, 1993; Kreighbaum and Barthels, 1990). An example of the interplay can be applied to performing a swing in the long hang to a kip on the uneven bars or horizontal bar

23

William L. Cornelius, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Education University of North Texas

Page 24: Technique Magazine - May 1993

The shoulder

complex can be

particularly well

suited for

gymnastic

activities.

Anatomical

design allows high

levels of joint

range of motion

(ROM) at the

shoulder joint,

permitting

virtuosity in

performance.

24

events. The humerus flexes at the shoulder joint to a position overhead when swinging for- Subscapularis ward in a long hang. The glenoid fossa must be in a favorable position; therefore, the scapula upwardly rotates to accommo-date this interplay between the humerus and scapula. Without scapula upward rotation, the humerus will be unable to reach a technically correct position during the forward swing. The humerus is then extended ap-proximately 170 degrees, from the long hang to a front support, and the scapula cooperates by rotating downward about 85 degrees.

The initiator Shoulder girdle movements precede humerus

manipulation in many gymnastic skills. This pro­vides a stable base upon which the humerus is able to perform, particularly when the humerus acts against resistance. A number of muscles that move the humerus originate on the scapula; therefore, the scapula must be stabilized. Scapula movers cooper­ate by initiating movement as the humerus prepares to be manipulated. The stable base (scapula) ini­tiates the gymnastic maneuver by moving in the same direction as the body segment (humerus) to be relocated. This principle is relied upon to create a

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLE

firm base upon which the bony segment can be ma­nipulated (Kreighbaum and Barthels, 1990). For ex­ample, there are a number of gymnastic skills requiring shoulder joint flexion, similar to that required in per­forming a pushup from a prone lying position on the floor into a front support. The gymnast would manipu­late the body as the resistance. This requires that the scapula initiate the action by abducting. The purpose of this initial shoulder girdle action is to prevent scapula adduction caused by the reaction force of the floor. Consequently, the stable base of the scapula provides necessary cooperation essential in facilitating move­ments of the humerus.

Joint Range of Motion and Stability

.... ---"'-7'---lnrraspinatus

The shoulder complex can be par­ticularly well suited for gymnastic ac­tivities. Anatomical design allows high levels of joint range of motion (ROM) at the shoulder joint, permitting virtuos­ity in performance. However, high ROM is not necessarily accompanied by the same level of stability. A lower level of stability in this complex occurs because of the nature of the bony ar­ticula tions and ligaments. For example, weak stability is present at the shoul­der joint with a shallow glenoid fossa and limited ligamentous contributions. It is essential to strengthen the muscles of the shoulder complex in order to increase joint stability. The shoulder complex must rely on mu scula r strength to provide grea ter stabilizing vector magnitudes from muscle force

Teres Minor

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 25: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Sports Medicine

resultants. Consequently, rotator cuff muscles are of particular im­portance in maintaining shoulder joint integrity.

Force couple cooperation Three of the rota tor cuff muscles

(subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor) cooperate with the me­dial deltoid during abduction of the humerus. This functional unit acts as a force couple in this manipula­tion. These rotator cuff muscles act to keep the head of the humerus off the scapula (acromion p rocess)

Supraspinatus

Subscapularis

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

when the medial deltoid pulls on the humerus. The medial deltoid is primarily a shoulder joint stabilizer when the arm is positioned in the anatomica l position (at sides of body). The resolution of the medial d eltoid resultant force d em on-strates, therefore, a large stabilizing and a small angular force component, during humerus abduction, from a point at or near the anatomical position. The supraspinatus becomes the primary ab­ductor when the humerus is displaced 60 degrees from the anatomical position. The stabilizing effect pro­duced by the medial deltoid is appropriately neutral­ized by the three rotator cuff muscles because of their inward and downward line of pull on the humeral head. Consequently, proper shoulder joint integrity is maintained because the rotator cuff muscles keep the humeral head in a functional position for rotation around the anteroposterior axis. Further cooperation is evident from scapula movers as the humerus dis­places, from a point of 25 degrees of humerus abduc­tion, to the terminal point in ROM. Shoulder girdle movers manipulate the scapula in to upward rotation, favorably aligning the glenoid fossa for movement of the humerus to a position of full amplitude above the head.

Summary Better understanding biomechanica l relationships

of the shoulder complex may be one of the significant stimuli by which improved gymnastic performance and it's benefits are unleashed. Shoulder complex rela­tionships have much to do with increased ROM and stability. Understanding these relationships act as one of the significant springboards by which improve­ments in gymnastic performance can be accomplished .

TECHNIQUE May 1993

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

References Arnheim, D.O., & Prentice, W.E. (1993). Principles of athletic training (8th ed .). St. Louis: Mosby Year Book.

Engin, A.E. (1980). On the biomechanics of the shoulder complex. Journal of Biomechanics, 13(7), 575-590.

Kreighbaum, K., & Barthels, K.M. (1990). Biomechanics: a qualitative approach for studying human movement (3rd ed .). New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Illustrations The illustrations for this article were taken from

Living Anatomy (Second Edition) by JosephE. Donnelly, Ed .D.

This book takes a non-traditional, hands-on ap­proach that helps one learn the essentials of anatomy quickly, easily and more functionally. Students can locate anatomical structures on partners and then learn the structures' functions by manipulating their partner's movements. By becoming anatomy "prac­titioners," they learn what is relevant and applicable.

Contents The Basics • Upper Extremity • Trunk, Thorax

and Abdomen • Lower Extremity • Internal Anatomy • Microanatomy of Muscle Contraction

Livillg Anatomy is available from USA Gymnas­tics Merchandise (use the order form on page 2). #16, $19.50.

25

Shoulder complex

relationships have

much to do with

increased ROM

and stability.

Understanding

these relationships

act as one of the

significant

springboards by

which

improvements in

gymnastic

performance can

be accomplished.

Page 26: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Patti Komara

TEN Co MENTS OF TEACHING

lING TO

PRESCHOOLERS

T umbling is the basis for all gymnastics.

Skills learned on this event should be

mastered in a very progressional order

from the most simple to the more difficult. Even

preschool children can master tumbling skills if

presented with proper instruction and in an enthusiastic

manner. I use eight positions including pike, v-sit,

STRADDLE

butterflies, straddle,

squat, lunge, bridge,

(for five year olds and

older only) and Ta-Da! (straight body). Preschoolers

need to learn these positions until they become

instinctive-later on, this will make it easier for them to

understand your directions when learning tumbling

skills. Review these positions at

every class.

Presented below are Ten

Commandments of Teaching

Tumbling to Preschoolers­

following these suggestions will

make you and your instructors

better coaches and more effective

teachers.

26

o N E

POSITION FOR MOVEMENT Don't stand in one place and shout out corrections to

the children-follow them down the mat while provid­ing encouraging positive comments. Instead of com­ments such as, "Your toes aren't pointed. Your knees are bent."-try saying, "GREAT JOB! Next time, can you point your toes like pencil points?" In this instance you've provided positive reinforcement, given them one correction to think about, and you've asked, question. I've found that if you ask children questions, you get thinkers-if you just tell them, you get doers.

T w o

STRUCTURE THE CLASS Prepare and use a skill progression sheet for each

class and for each lesson. At the conclusion of the lesson, record what you've accomplished that day in order to keep an accurate record of skills taught to each class. Set skill goals for each of your classes. It is helpful to provide the parents with a written list of your goals. For example, you may have established the goal of each child doing forward and backward rolls and a cart­wheel in three months. Enlist the help of the parents. Give them practice sheets with illustrations to take home and check-off as the children practice. Put to­gether practice calendars to hang on the refrigerator to

encourage daily practice. A practice cal­endar is a blank calendar where you have put one skill or exercise to do on each day of the month. At the end of the three

months award certificates to show the parents their children's progress. To make preschool classes successful, you need to make it fun for the child, but als(' demonstrate to the parents tha the children have progressed. In this business we have two cus­tomers ... we must make both of them happy.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 27: Technique Magazine - May 1993

T H R E E

TEACH In the Rookie Coaches Gymnastics Guide, an IDEA for

teaching gymnastics skills was presented.

I Introduce the skill.

D Demonstrate the skill.

E Explain the skill.

A Attend to the athletes practicing the skill.

First, you introduce the skill by getting your stu­dents' attention and then naming and explaining the importance of the skill. Then, demonstrate the skill being taught. This is the first of three important senses you'll incorporate into your instruction-visual, audi­tory and kinesthetic. This allows the gymnasts to SEE a picture of what they will be performing. Next you explain the skill so that they can LISTEN to the descrip­tion and ask questions. Finally, if you spot them on the skill, they can FEEL the skill and gain confidence to perform it on their own. Incorporate all three senses every time you teach a new skill.

If you are fortunate enough to have the ability to demonstrate the skills yourself, this can help to estab­lish credibility with the parents and children as well. If you are unable to perform a skill correctly, have an­other coach or someone skilled in gymnastics perform the demonstration, or show a videotape performance of the skill.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Preschool Gymnastics

F o u R

USE GOOD EQUIPMENT I consider the three keys to success in this business as

facility, curriculum, and staff. You should have the newest, safest and most innovative equipment on the market. A new piece of equipment creates excitement in the gym. Purchase equipment that really makes learn­ing skills easier. For preschoolers the equipment should be colorful and bright. All of the major equip­ment companies sell "skill builder equip­ment" such as incline mats, donuts, octa­gons, and trapezoids. My suggested mini­mum list of this kind of equipment for teaching preschoolers includes several rain­bow panel mats, a Tumblebear Square, a small trapezoid, a 4' wide incline mat, a handstand rail, a set of parallettes, and a cart­wheel mat. The more equipment you have,

the greater number of LUNGE students you can ser-

27

Enlist the help of

the parents. Give

them practice

sheets with

illustrations to

take home and

check -off as the

children practice.

Put together

practice calendars

to hang on the

refrigerator to

encourage daily

practice. A

practice calendar

is a blank calendar

where you have

put one skill or

exercise to do on

each day of the

month.

Page 28: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Always tell the

parents about the

extra safety

measures that you

take. Teach the

children safety

landing and

falling drills

before permitting

them on raised

equipment.

V-SIT vice at one time and the easier it is on the instructors. Of course, make sure every instructor is trained and knows the types of drills that can be taught on your equipment. If you have it, use it!-equipment standing idle in the corner of the gym does no one any good. An expendi­ture on preschool equipment is always a good return on investment.

F I v E

MAKE IT SAFE Always keep safety in mind. Many preschoolers'

parents are leery of gymnastics activities anyway. Al­ways tell the parents about the extra safety measures that you take. Teach the children safety landing and falling drills before permitting them on raised equip­ment. If you're having the children practice landings and dismounts, inform the children (and the parents) why 4" mats are better for landings than thicker skill cushions. When introducing a new skill, lower the equipment and /or put an 8" skill cushion undernea th for added protection. Always check the spin locks before the students mount the equipment. Make sure your staff is USGF Safety Certified and be "business smart" enough to market this fac t. I suggest that you display your instructors' Safety Certificates in the lobby.

S I x

BUILD in FUN Be enthusiastic w hen you teach I A monotone voice

won't get your students excited about learning new skills. Cheerleaders and actors make grea t teachers because they know that facial expression and voice inflection are important. A coach 's smile can give a great boost to an unsure young athlete. Also, students will only be as excited about your class as you are-if you think teaching is boring, it will show to your students.

28

s E v E N

LIVEN IT UP Of all the Commandments, perhaps this is the most

important-ifitisn't fun, the s tudents won't come back! There are many ways to keep the classes fun. The instructor can wear funny glasses, put on a funny hat, or change her / his vocal accent to make the students laugh. Consider laughter from your students a sign of enjoyment, not waning discipline. Make classes fun by including a variety of activities and a variety of equip­ment. Use themes such as Outer Space Week, Ninja Turtle Week, or Hollywood Day. In this way, the stu­dents can use their imagination while they learn move­ment and gymnastics skills. All day long preschoolers hear, "Sit still. Be quiet. Don't run." They will find it fun and exciting to have the opportunity to MOVE!

For the older students, skill learning itself is fun. When they climb into the car at the end of the lesson, you want them bubbling over with excitement and enthusiasm as they tell their parent wha t they lea rned . "We did a front handspring today Mom ... it was so cool! We were flipping over a barrel. It was so fun! "

As an instructor, your classes will be as fun as you make them . If you are enthusiastic and excited about your class, then your students will be too . Have fun yourself!

E I G H T

INVOLVE VISUAL CUES When teaching preschool gymnastics, it is often

helpful to use props to assist the children 's hand and foot placement. Use equipment such as rubber hand and footprints, rubber safety spots, targets or shapes. Carpet squares, hula hoops, cones, ropes and even chalked X-marks on the mat can be effective visual cues. The more cueing that is given to a preschooler the more success they w ill achieve-and success promotes positive self­esteem. You can find this kind of equipment at w holesa le compan ies such as Flaghouse, Gym Closet, and Sportime. A reference lis t of some equipment companies is included at the end of this article on page 31. SQUAT

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 29: Technique Magazine - May 1993

BUTTERFLIES N I N E

N EVER be NEGATIVE Research indicates that when teaching any skill, it

must be repeated at least three to five times. Young children find it d ifficult to remember corrections from one lesson to the next. Concentrate on TEACHING instead of simply running through a whole list of skills. I suggest that you make it a goal to teach the students at least one new thing in each class. If the skill for the day is a forward roll, introduce it early in the lesson plan and then reinforce it at the other stations. For instance, after a dismount from the bars, the students can do a forward roll with a great landing-Ta-Da! End the class with relays that start from a forward roll when it is each child 's turn.

Devote part of each class to working on skills that the gymnasts have already learned. Repetition is a necessary part of mastering skills. It's easy in a 45-minu te preschool class to jump around and do differ­ent skills instead of taking time to repeat what was taught the prior week. For a preschooler a week seems like a life time and they don't remember what was done the prior week. Always review and then progress. If the children are progressing the parents will recognize the value of the class.

T E N

GIVE ACHIEVABLE GOALS Even the most basic skills to you can become monu­

mental tasks to preschoolers, so these are best taught by the part-whole method . It becomes a circle of achieve­ment when you can break the skill down in to achiev­able parts; therefore raising the children's self-esteem and encouraging them to try something new. Make your program success-oriented by cultivating a feeling of, "Show me something else ... teach me something new."

When you design preschool sta tions, crea te them so the child can immediately achieve the objective and, therefore, understand and internalize another part of the whole skill you are teaching. I've found that often times instructors who themselves had achieved a high level of skill in gymnastics have the hardest time with this suggestion! They assume the children know even

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Preschool Gymnastics

the simplest instruction. Encourage the instructors to break the skill down into component parts and using the eight basic positions which they review at the beginning of every class. The students will find it much easier to learn in this manner.

Other hints When teaching the very young preschoolers during

their fi rst lesson, you might have some children appre­hensive and even cry. I permit the parent to come out onto the floor with the apprehensive child. "Teaching with comfort" is a nice philosophy with youngsters. If a child doesn 't participate in a class the parent might approach you with their concerns at the end of the class. Tell the parent to ask the child when they get home what they learned at the class. Even though the child might have sat during the entire class, they will prob­ably still be able to show what the class d id that day! Suggest to the parent that observation was the child 's form of participation for that class.

Discipline can be a problem. If you have a child who is very rowdy and unruly, try this little game. Tell the child it seems he/ she has too much energy and will need to sit on the "energy seat" for a minute so that all this excess energy can drain into the chair. When it is all drained away, he or she can rejoin the others in the group.

There are many ways you can teach tumbling to preschoolers- some teach the skills across a mat, some teach from stations of equipment, and others u tilize a long obstacle course. There are pros and cons to all of the approaches, but I prefer cross mat tumbling. This way I can keep all the students busy at one time, while going u p and down the mat giving corrections and suggestions to each student. Regardless of the method you select, the important thing is for the instructor to maintain close supervision of the entire group while having the opportunity to provide ind ividual feedback to each child.

Us ing these ten com­mandments will help you be a more effective instructor. Keep them foremost in your mind w hile yo u teach. You've heard it said you can tell a good dance teacher by the dancers she turns out... are you turning out good gymnas ts ? Use these sugges­tions and wait and see, good luck! TA-DR

29

Patti has owned and operated her own gymnastics school for the last 24 years in Dyer, Indiana. Pa tti has 1500 students in gymnastics, Tumblebear, dance, Step Reebok, cheerleading, swimming and her mobile gymnastics program. Patti has produced over 25 videotapes on instructing preschool and business topics . Her tapes have been sold in every state and eight foreign countries. Ms. Komara is USGF Safety Certified and is a certified aerobics instructor with AFFA and ACE. For more specific information on this topic and many o thers concerning preschool gymnastics and business, contact Patti Komara for her latest catalog of resources. (219)8652274 or 1530 Joliet St., Dyer, IN 46311

Page 30: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Preschool Gymnastics

Next month­

Tumbling Skills:

When and How

to Teach Them

TEN FOR

PRESCHOOL TuMBLING

ONE POSITION FOR MOVEMENT

TWO STRUCTURE THE CLASS

THREE T EACH

FOUR USE GOOD EQUIPMENT

FIVE MAKE IT SAFE

SIX BUILD in FUN

SEVEN LIVEN IT UP

EIGHT INVOLVE VISUAL CUES

NINE N EVER be NEGATIVE

TEN GIVE ACHIEVABLE GOALS

NOTE: To help you remember the 10 Commandments, the first letter of each commandment spells out "PreSchool TUMBLING"

Patti Komara's Tumblebear Gym Program a Instructional Videotapes

Patti Komara, national clinician since 1981

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30

1530 Joliet Sl. Dyer. IN 463t 1 (219) 865-2274

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 31: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Resources

EQUIPMENT & RESOURCE COMPANIES Gymnastics Equipment & Mats American Athletic, Inc. .... .. ..................... (800) 247-3978

Carolina Gym Supply Corp ...... .. ... .... .... (919) 942-4620 Freedom Sports Ltd .......................... ....... (604) 980-4645 Gerstung ................ .. ...... .. ... ..... .. .. ............. (800) 922-3575 Gibson .......................... .. .. .. .. ..................... (800) 275-5999 GMR ..... .. .. ..... ... ......................................... (800) 241-9249

Gym Corp .. ............................................... (800) 451-4345 Gymnastic Supply Corp (GSC) ............. (800) 435-3333 Mancino ................................................. .. . (800) 338-6287 Nissen Sports Academy, Inc. ................. (319) 462-3516

Norbert's Athletic Products, Inc ............ (310) 548-1908 Progressive GymnastiCS ......................... (817) 383-2866 Resilite .............................................. .. ....... (800) 843-6287 Romp-N-Roll Gym Buff/Tiffin Athletic Mats, Inc. ...................................... ..... .... .... ................. (203) 693-4191 Spieth Anderson ........ ...................... ........ (800) 331-8068 USA Gymnastics Supply ........................ (316) 792-2209

PE Equipment (small motor and visual cuing aids) Chime Time .................................... .. ........ (800) 477-5075 Flaghouse ..................... ... .... ..... ........ ...... .. . (800) 221-5185 Gym Closet .......... ................. .. .. ................ (800) 445-8873 Gym Trix, Inc ............ ..... ...... .. ... ... ... ......... (817) 694-4214 Gymtastics ............................. .. ................. (201) 378-3709 Learning Products, Inc. Ideas at Play .. . (314) 997-6400 Physical Fun Products, Inc .... .. .......... .... (915) 542-1153 Rhythmic Gymnastics .......... .. ......... ...... .. (201) 343-7424 Sportime ........................... ... ...................... (800) 283-5700 U.s. Games .................... .. ............. ... ... ...... (800) 327-0484 UCS Inc. .......... .................... ....... ...... ......... (914) 365-2333 VTL (Doug Davis) .... ...... .. ....................... (517) 772-4058 Wee Grip Mini-Bars .......... .. ... .. .... .. ......... (812) 948-7709

Used Equipment Naples Gym Supply .. .... ...... ...... .............. (813) 598-3700 ProgreSSive Gymnastics ..... ..... ............... (214) 436-6541 Ranger Rick ...................................... .. ...... (800) 451-0017

Records, Tapes, Publications Educational Activities ......... ... ................. (800) 645-3739 Floor Express Music ..... ..... .. .. .................. (303) 668-3777 Kimbo Educational ............. ....... .. ..... ... .... (800) 631-2187 Masters Press .......... .............................. .. .. (317) 298-5703 Progressive Sounds ................................ (602) 722- 4372 Tumblebear Enterprises (Patti Komara)(219) 865-2274 United Productions ................................. (800) 535-1800

Stickers, Stamps, Ribbons & Medals A -1 Awards, Inc ....................................... (317) 546-9000 Goller Associates (Medals) ..................... (615) 329-3007 Hodges Badge Company, Inc ... .. ........... (401) 847-2000

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Johnson Specialties ............... ... ...... .. ...... .. (800) 221-6714 Knight Toy & Novelty Co .......... ... .. ........ (516) 378-4360 Stickers & Rewards ..................... .. ........... (800) 228-0040 The Official Sticker Catalog .................. .. (815) 224-2090 The Stamp Pad Co., Inc. ....... .... ............... (612) 263-6646 Volk Corp. (Ribbons) .. .... ....... .................. (800) 521-6799

Tumblebus (mobile gymnastics to daycares) Brenda Scharlow ...................................... (812) 948-7709

Decoration & Props Elite Technology Corp ............. ............ .... (913) 469-5554 International Gymnast Magazine .......... (619) 722-0030 Mahoney Systems .................................... (704) 392-7044 Oriental Trading Co ......... ... ....... .. ........... (800) 228-2269 Stumps ....................................................... (800) 348-5084 U. S . Toy Co., Inc. .................................... (800) 255-6124

Gymnastics Apparel Alpha Factor .. ....................................... .... (717) 252-1578 Baile & Associates, Inc ............................ (303) 259-5808 Bodipax ...................................................... (800) 982-8777 Egan Screenprinting ................................ (805) 964-7197 Elite Sportswear, L.P ................. .. ............ (215) 376-6522 Frank Endo Co ......................................... (213) 770-0193 Gibson, Inc. ...................... ..... .................... (303) 937-1012 International Gymnast Magazine ........ .. (619) 722-0030 Jammin .................... .. ... ............................. (714) 778-3855 Leo's Dancewear Inc. ............................... (312) 889-7700 Nine Nines ......................... ..... .... .............. (609) 467-2705 Norco Athletic Supply ............................ (800) 321-9809 Pegasus Gymnastics Equipment, Inc. ... (303) 424-9696 Reebok International .............................. . (617) 341-5000 Swede-O, Inc. .......... ...... ....................... ..... (612) 674-8301 Tone Zone ............................... .. ...... .. ........ (702) 827-8688 USA Gymnastics .......... .... ... ... .. .. .. ............ (317) 237-5060 Valentines ............................ ....... ............... (503) 635-7460 Walk & Associates /Christian ........ ....... (703) 830-2636 Zin-Kin Sports, Inc. .................................. (714) 641-0880

Gymnastics Insurance City Securities Insurance / USGF ........... (317) 634-4400 K&K Insurance Group, Inc./USGF ....... (219) 455-3000 Market/Rhulen Underwriters & Brokers ............ ... ..................... ... ........ .................. ... (800) 431-1270

Gymnastics Business ProductsNideosl Software Classroom Systems .................................. (615) 984-2221 Collegiate Resource Team ............ .......... (619) 744-8390 Gatorade .................................................... (312) 222-6463 Leaf, Inc. ...... ..... .................. .. .................. .. . (706) 543-8116 School Management Solutions ............... (404) 432-8870

Gymnastics Photos Fitzgerald Photography .......................... (817) 732-4272

31

Source: Patti Komara and 1992 USGF Congress Exhibitors

Page 32: Technique Magazine - May 1993

W.A. Sands, R. Abramowitz, L. Hauge Barber, P. Lemons, R. Cervantez, R. Irvin, J. Major, D. Paine Motor Behavior Research Laboratory, University of Utah

A TwENTY-FOUR YEAR RETROSPECTIVE loOK The probability of repeating on World Championship and Olympic Teams for U.S. Men's Gymnastics

L ong term planning confronts all

coaches and administrators in

modern sport. The best

performances of athletes in international

and national competitions are not usually

random nor haphazard (Bompa, 1984a;

Bompa, 1984b; Bompa, 1990; Harre, 1982;

Martin, 1980; Verkhoshansky, 1985).

Consistently successful, as opposed to

occasionally successful, international

performance is largely dependent on the

quality of training and competence of the

coaches and athletes. However, perhaps

equally important are careful planning of

the efficient use of all training and

performance resources --including athletes

and coaches. It takes time to develop elite

performers. The development of

international athletes, and their longevity

as such, can have a marked impact on

reasonable expectations for international

performance.

Sands and Henschen (1992) analyzed the

probability of repeating on World

Championship and Olympic teams for

female gymnasts from 1968 to 1991. The

present study of the men's international

team membership was a continuation of

this exploratory theme.

32

Methods The World Championship and Olympic Games were

selected as the criterion competitions. This was prima­rily due to a lack of available historical information on the Pan American, World University Games, and other competitions. Moreover, often the competitions other than World Championship and Olympic Games do not include our best athletes .

Information was collected regarding memberships on these teams from 1968-1992. This period invol ved 17 major international competitions and spanned six quadenniums. Team membership rosters were obtained from surveying various gymnastics magazines an journals and consultation with Mr. Mas Watanabe) Men's Technical Director.

There may have been some oversights, incomplete, or inaccurate individual tallies due to fai ling memories and lack of historical information. Nevertheless, we believe that the resulting analyses reflect the team membership and longevity tendencies of USA Men's Gymnastics.

Each team was composed of seven members. Tallies were made consisting of members of teams who were also members of previous teams. Thus, any athlete who repeated from one major international contest to a succeeding contest was tallied. Therefore, assessments of career longevity were based on ANY athlete repeat­ing from one major international contest to a succeed­ing contest.

Results The results of the investigation are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 shows the contest that an athlete competed in on the top and the previous com peti tions tha t the same athlete competed in along the side. The number of possible repeat positions was obtained by multiplying the number of competitions by seven, (Le., the number of positions on a team). The sum of each diagonal results in the number of repeating athletes for each succeeding competition. For example, the starred roy in Table 1 shows that in 1985, only two athletes wer able to repeat their team membership from 1984. In 1987 there were also two athletes from 1984, while in 1988 on ly one athlete remained from the 1984 team.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 33: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Table 1 Repeating Athletes Made These Teams

Years

70 72 74 76 78 79 80 81 83 84 85 87 88 89 91 92

682 2 1

702 1

72 2

74 2

76 2

78 2 1 1 1 1 1

79 3 4 3 3 2

~I 80 5 4 4 2

81 4 4 3 1

83 5 4 2 2 1

84 ** 2 2 1 **

85 3 2

87 2

88 2 1 2

89 3 1

91 4

..----

Table 2 Athletes Probability of Repeating

Sum Positions Number of Probability

Repeats Possible Repeaters

2nd Competition 16 112 48 0.43

3rd Competition 15 105 27 0.26

4th Competition 14 98 20 0.20

5th Competition 13 91 10 0.11

6th Competition 12 84 4 0.05

7th Competition 11 77 1 0.01

Table 2 indicates the likelihood of any athlete repeating from a previous competition (Hays, 1981). Although consecutive competitions are often less than one calendar year apart, apparently the probability of any athlete repeating is not extraordinarily high. The probability of repeating from one major international contest to the very next one (i.e., two major international competitions) is approximately 43%. The probability of repeating across three consecutive competitions is approximately 26%, and so forth.

TECHNIQUE May 1993 33

Research

Consistently

successful, as

opposed to

occasionally

successful,

international

performance is

largely dependent

on the quality of

training and

competence of the

coaches and

athletes.

Page 34: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Preparing career­

long plans for an

athlete may assist

in determining

when an athlete

will reach

international

competitive status

and how best to

ensure this.

Table 3 Comparison of Proportions - Repeating Athletes

Men's and Women's International Programs

Number of Competitions

With Repeating Athletes

1

2

3

4

5

Discussion Results of these analyses show that the period of

international competition of U.S. male gymnasts is relatively short. On the average, any individual athlete has less than a 50 / 50 chance of returning to the next major international team. However, when compared to the women (Sands & Henschen, 1992), the men have a better chance of repeating across two competitions. The women's probability of repeating across two competi­tions was only 29%. By a test of proportions (Ferguson, 1971), these results were sta tistically different (2;=-1.74, }2<.05). Table 3 shows the results of proportions analy­ses (Ferguson, 1971) for repetition across five competi­tions comparing men and women. One should keep in mind that while doing multiple comparisons the prob­ability of rejecting the null hypothesis may be lowered to avoid making a Type I statistical error (Sokal & James Rohlf, 1969; Huberty & Morris, 1989). Moreover, none of these values were statistically Significant at the p<.01 level suggesting that one or more of the comparisons may be due simply to sampling variation.

Interestingly, four repetitions of international con­tests remain statistically different at the }2<.05 level. However, at repetitions over five major international contests the statistical significance is no longer main­tained.

Interestingly, if one looks closely at the period from approximately 1978 to 1984 apparently there was a

34

2; Probability

-1.74 }2<.05

-1.83 }2<.05

-2.25 }2<,05

-2.25 }2< 05

-1 .27 }2>-05

group of athletes who tended to repeat several years (See Table 1). Also, this period may be regarded as one of the most productive in the history of the men's international gymnastics program. The "stair-step" ap­pearance of Table 1 indicates a quadrennium based career. Moreover, the boycott of the 1980 Olympic Games may have increased the longevity of participa­tion of these male athletes. Although the information from the female athletes does not support the quadrennium careers as much as the men's, the large number of repeating athletes from 1980 to 1984 is consistent (Sands & Henschen, 1992).

Given- the small and consistently decreasing prob­ability of repeating across several major international competitions, only a few athletes who will make the 1996 Olympic team are currently competing interna­tionally. This further amplifies the role of timing in qualifying for any particular international team. There­fore, preparing career-long plans for an athlete may assist in determining when an athlete will reach inter­national competitive status and how best to ensure this.

Conclusion The men's program has shown a greater probability

of repetition of a thletes than the women's program over approximately the same period. The proper career-

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 35: Technique Magazine - May 1993

planning to bring an athlete to peak performance at the right time also appears to be an important consider­ation for male gymnasts. Although timing appears to be less important for the men than the women (Sands & Henschen, 1992), due to longer careers of men, the timing of peak performance wi thin the men's program still appears to hold significance. Therefore, an appro­priate long term plan for male gymnasts would appear to be important for realizing international team mem­bership goals.

References Bompa, T. (1984a, April). Peaking for the major

competition(s) part one. Science Periodical on Research and Technology in Sport , 1-6.

Bompa, T. (1 984b, May) . Peaking for the major competition(s) part two. Science Periodical on Research and Teci1nologJj in Sport, 1-6.

Bompa, T. O. (1990). Theory and methdology of training. (2nd ed .). Dubuque, IA: Kendall / Hunt.

Ferguson, G. A. (1971) . Statistical analysis in Psychology & education (3rd ed.) . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Harre, D. (1982) . Principles of sports training, German Democratic Republic: Sportverlag.

Hays, W. L. (1981). Statistics. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, Winston.

Huberty, C. L & Morris, J. D. (1989). Multivariate analysis versus multiple univariate analyses. Psychological Bulletill , 105(2), 302-308.

Martin, D. (1980). Grundlagen der trainingslehre. Schorndorf, Germany: Verlag Karl Hofmann.

Matveyev, L. (1977). Fundamentals of sports training. Moscow, USSR: Progress Publishers.

Sands, W. A., & Henschen, K. P. (1992). A twenty-three year retrospective look. Technique, 12(2),8-10.

Sokal, R. R., & James Rohlf, F. (1969). Biometry (2nd ed .). New York, NY: W.H. Freeman.

Verkhoshansky, Y. V. (1985). Programming and organization of training (Translated by A. Charniga, Published by Sportivny Press, Livonia, MI. , 1988). Moscow, USSR: Fizkultura i Spovt.

Research

The men's

program has

shown a greater

probability of

repetition of

athletes than

the women's

program over

approximately

the same period.

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35

Page 36: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Coaches Education

1993 USA GYMNASTICS SUMMER CoACHES WORKSHOP

1993 USA Gymnastics Summer Workshop Daily Schedule (Tentative, subject to change) Additional Dates and Sites to be announced in future issues of Techll;qll l! magazine. • same as "Typical Day at Lake Owen Camp~ - workshop participants interact with regular camp activity as indicated.

Huguenot, NY - June 23-26 Woodward Camp--August 4-7 Wednesday Wednesday

5:30-10:00 USGF Safety Certifica- Participants arrive tion Course & Exam

Thwsday Thwsday 8:30-9:00 Workshop Orientation

9:00-12:00 Oinic 9:00-11:30 Clinic

12:00-1:30 Lunch 11:30-12:30 Lunch

1:30-4:30 Training 1:00-1:30 Mini-clinic

4:30-6:00 Dinner 1:30-3:30 Afternoon Training/

7:00-8:30 Follow-up clinic

Friday 3:30-4:00 Mini-clinic 9:00-12:00 Clinic 4:30-5:30 Dinner 12:00-1:30 Lunch 5:30-9:30 USGP Safety Certifica-1:30-4:30 Training tion Course & Exam

4:30-6:00 Dinner Friday 9:00-11:30 PDPLevei I

6:30-10:00 ACEP Sports Science VideoOinic Course, part 1

12:30-12:30 Lunch Saturday

8:30-10:00 Workshop wrap-up 1:00-1:30 Mini-clinic

10:00-1:00 ACEP Sports Science 1:30-3:30 Afternoon Training/ Course, part 2 clinic

Afternoon Regionailili te 3:30-4:30 Oinic Competition 5:00-6:00 Dinner

7:00-10:00 PDP Level I 6:00-9:30 ACEP Sports Science Video Clinic Course, part 1

Sunday Saturday Regional Elite Competition 8:00-12:00 ACEP Sports Science Participants Depart Coursel part 2

Lake Owen Camp--August 19-22

Thwsday 1:30-5:00 USGF Safety Certifica-

tion Course & Exam

5:00-6:00 Dinner

6:00-6:30 Workshop Orientation

6:30-8:00 Evening Training'

Friday 8:00-9:00 Breakfast

9:15-11:15 Clinic

11 :30-12:30 Lunch

1:00-1:30 Clinic'

1:30-3:30 Supervised Workout"

3:30-4:30 Clinic,Q&A

5:00-6:00 Dinner

6:30-9:00 PDP Level I Video Clinic

Saturday 8:00-9:00 Breakfast

9:15-11:15 Clinic

11 :30-12:30 Lunch

1:00-1:30 Clinic·

1:30-3:30 Supervised Workout"

3:30-4:30 Q & A, discussion

5:00-6:00 Dinner

6:30-9:00 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 1

Sunday 8:00-9:00 Breakfast

9:00-10:00 Clinic Wrap-up

10:00-3:00 ACEP Sports Science Course, part 2

T hree workshops will be conducted this sum­mer. Each is unique and will take advan­tage of the schedule and activities of the host site:

Camp Greenkill, Huguenot, NY -­June 23-26

2. Woodward Camp, Woodward, PA-­August 4-7

3. Lake Owen Camp, Cable, WI-­August 19-22

Emphasis during the clinic sessions will be skill progressions: cast to handstand, flyaway, giant swing, etc. Clinicians will emphasize technical prerequisites and strength requirements. Following the clinic lec­tures, participants will be able to put their knowledge to the test during workout sessions. Coaches are en­couraged to bring 2-3 athletes along to the workshop-­a t Lake Owen and Wood ward, gymnasts should regis~ ter for that specific week of camp; at Huguenot, coache. will receive registration information for their gym­nasts.

All housing accomodations and meals w ill be avail­able at the camp sites. Housing registration forms will be sent to all registered participants.

USGF Summer Coaching Workshop-Early Registration Form

Return this registration form to:

USGF Educational Services, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46225

USGF COACH ES EDUCATION

o Huguenot NY o Woodward, PA o Lake Owen, WI

June 23- 26 August 4- 7

August 19- 22

Nome ________________________________________ ___

Address ________________________________________ _

Cily _______ --- Siole ___ _ Zip ____ _

Phone, doy ______________ _ Phone,nighl _______ _

USGF Membership? o Yes o No

USGF Professionol Number ________ __ SS # ________ _

Club Represennng ____________________________________ _

36

Pleose indicole 011 proglOms for which you ore regislering: Pr011lember Non-member

Fees Fees Sub-Ioiol

o Cooching Workshop Fee SliD SIlO

o Sofely Certificonon Course & lesl S 70 S 75

PDP Levell

o Books, lesls ond Video Clinic S 30 S 35

o Video Clinic Only S 5 S 10

o POP Level II Sport Science Course S 60 S 75

TOTAL FEE ENCLOSED:

Moke Checks Poyoble 10 "USA Gymnoslics" o 00 you wonl informolion on olhlele onendonce ? (fees ond occommodonons) Informolion on housing ond meal cosis 01 Comp Greenkill will be moiled 10 regislered workshop porticiponls 010 loler dole. If poying by credil cord

o VISA 0 MoslerCord Signolure ________________________ _

Cord # __________________ __ Expironon OOle ______ __ (1593)

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 37: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Coaches Education

PDP­ATAGLANCE

The United States Gymnastics Federation

toward Level I Accreditation for this accom­plishment.

\/\1 -, , '\, - -u.<,,~_u~~

Levell Currently, the following criteria apply for PDP Level

I Accreditation:

1. Rookie Coaches Gymnastics Guide ($8.95)

The Gymnastics Guide contains information on coaching philosophy, communication, safety and terminology. Also, the Guide pro­vides coaches with sample lesson plans which include skills from Sequential Gymnastics II. Coaches should read the guide and review the principles for teaching gymnastics success­fully. A self-test is included when you pur­chase the guide from USA Gymnastics. Com­plete the test and return it to USA Gymnastics with a $5.00 processing fee. If you score 80% or higher on the self-test, you will receive a rec­ognition certificate and get credit toward Level I Accreditation for this accomplishment.

2. Sequential Gymnastics II ($13.00)

This book contains an illustrated listing of skill progressions over five movement cat­egories: mat activities, vaulting, balance, swinging and circling, and manipulative ac­tivities. Coaches should study the principles of using the sequential program, supervision, organization, equipment, terminology, and landing technique. A self-test is included when you purchase the book from USA Gymnas­tics. Complete the test and return it to USA Gymnastics with a $5.00 processing fee. If you score 80% or higher on the self-test, you will receive a recognition certificate and get credit

TECHNIQUE May 1993

3. PDP Level I Video Clinic

Coaches are required to participate in a clinic conducted by a Level I Clinic Administrator. The clinic combines the information from the Rookie Coaches Gymnastics Guide and Sequen­tial Gymnastics II and presents the coach with practical situations in the workbook exer­cises . At the conclusion of the clinic, partici­pants complete the Video Clinic Application Form, have it signed by the Clinic Adminis­trator, and return it to USA Gymnastics.

When a coach completes all three ofthe above listed requirements, hel she is granted PDP Level I Accreditation and receives a final certificate acknowledging their achievement

as a PDP Level I Accredited coach.

Grandparenting Coaches may opt to apply for Grandparenting at

Levell. This allows the experienced coach to bypass the normal testing procedures for Level I Accreditation. These coaches must attend a special Grandparenting Clinic and complete a resume to verify their accom­plishments.

The requirements for Level I Grandparenting include:

1. Minimum 18 years of age;

2. Valid USGF Safety Certification;

3. USGF Professional Membership for at least 2 years;

4. 4-5 years experience as a gymnastics coach or program administrator.

The Level I program was introduced in 1992 by offering numerous Grandparenting courses. Due to the reduced number of special Grandparenting courses being offered, experienced coaches will find it more expedient to go through the normal accreditation pro­cess rather than wait for a special Grandparenting course to be offered in their area.

Level I Clinic Administrator

The following criteria are required to become a Level I Clinic Administrator:

1. have achieved Level I Accreditation status;

2. valid USGF Safety Certification;

37

USGP COACHES EDUCATION

Dave Moskovitz Coaching Development Coordinator

Page 38: Technique Magazine - May 1993

American Coaching Effectiveness Program

• Leader Level Coach

This officially recognizes that

has successfully completed the ACEP Leader Level

This achievement contr ibutes to the quality of American sport

and the well-being of ama teur athletes

ACEl'Certifed Instructor ,'CEI' Nationa] DlTt'(:lor

3. current USGF Professional Membership;

4. purchase Level I Instructor's Starter Kit.

The starter kit includes the video tape for the Video Clinic and a pre-pack of 15 workbooks. Additional workbooks may be purchased in sets of 15. The clinic administra tor is responsible for leading the discussions during the clinic and signing all video clinic applica­tions. Clinics may be conducted in a variety of ways: formal state or regional clinics; within local groups or clubs; one-on-one; or individual self-study. Adminis­trators may charge a minimal fee for their services.

Level II Currently, the following criteria apply for PDP Level

II Accreditation:

38

1. ACEP Leader Level Sports Science Clinic. This certification is based on the book Successful Coaching. Coaches must attend an 8-hourclinic conducted by a certified ACEP instructor.

The course elaborates on critical coaching knowledge components including philoso­phy, psychology, physiology, and manage­ment.

2. USGF Safety Certification. Current certifica­tion is required in order to achieve and main­tain active Level II Accreditation.

The safety course is designed to increase the coach's level of safety awareness. Coaches should be familiar with the USGF Gymnastics Safety Manual prior to the course.

3. USGF Professional Membership. Current membership is required in order to achieve and maintain active Level II Accreditation.

In addition to a variety of member benefits, the professional member receives Technique magazine and discounts on both the Sports Science and Safety courses.

4. J.O. Compulsory Exercises. Coaches must suc­cessfully complete a self-test based on the compulsory text for their discipline. * (Avail­able June 1993)

At Level II, the coach's accreditation will be designa ted by program: Men, Women, or Rhythmic. Testing materials will assess the coach's understanding of the compulsory ex­ercise, core skill progressions throughout the program, and basic routine evaluation.

5. Basic Skills Progressions. Coaches must suc­cessfully complete a self-test based on specific basic skills materials for their discipline. * (Available June 1993)

At Level II, the coach's accreditation will be desig­nated by program: Men, Women, or Rhythmic. Basic skills materials will be identified. The basic skills tests will stress the proper sequence of skill learning and the importance of safe and effective drills and learning stations.

Grandparenting As with Level I, experienced coaches and adminis­

trators will be allowed to grandparent, or by-pass the required gymnastics skills testing for PDP Level II Accreditation (components 4 and 5 above). The ACEP Sports Science Clinic will be required for ALL coaches at Level II. This requirement cannot be waived or by­passed due to the reciprocal relationship with the ACEP certification program. Components 4 and 5 may be waived for those coaches who submit the appropriate a pplica tion form and documentation (see form on p .11) who meet the following minimum criteria:

• Level I Accreditation (strongly recommended)

• USGF Professional Membership

• USGF Safety Certification

• 10-15 years coaching and / or administrative experience

• 5-7 years as a competitive program coach

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 39: Technique Magazine - May 1993

,----------------------------------------1 PDP LEVEL II-GRANDPARENTING APPLICATION

I I I I I

<S> ~

EB - ~~~ d _~,

USGF COACHES EDUCATION

Upon completion of this application, send to:

USA Gymnastics 201 S. Capital Indianapolis, IN 46225 Attn: Coaching Development Coordinator

Please type or print

Name _____________ _ Birthdate __ I __ I __ Age __

Address ______________________________ _

City _______________ _ State __ _ Zip _____ _ _

Phone: Day ( ___ ) - Night ( ___ )-

Social Security No. ___ _ USGF Professional No. _____ _

USGF Safety Certification 0 Yes 0 No Expiration Date ____ _

PDP Level I Accreditation 0 Yes 0 No Site / Date _________ _

ACEP Sport Science Course 0 Yes 0 No Site / Date _________ _

Education Background Inst Grad. Yr. School / College / University Degree Major Area

HS

Univ.

Grad.

Coaching! Administration Experience From To Employer Position Description

Team Coaching Year Level # of Athletes Other

Additional Information

(T393) L ________________________________________ ~

TECHNIQUE May 1993 39

Page 40: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Provisional Edition 1992 Appendix­October, 1992

CODE OF POINTS General Directives for Special Connections • Special Connections are to be achieved through

diverse combinations of various value parts, through directional changes, among others.

• In this context all gymnastic A, B, C, D/E ele­ments in the Table and all acrobatic A, B, C, D/ E flight elements may be used.

• The order of succession of value parts A, B, C, D / E can be freely chosen.

With the connection of three or more elements, the second element (and those following) may be used a second time.

• "Directional Change" on Beam and Floor is un­derstood as:

A. Long axis turns of 180°, 540°, 900°, etc. with continuation in the same line

B. Counter sa ltos w ith movement execution (back/ forth) forward to backward or back­ward to forward .

• All connections must be direct; only on Floor can acrobatic connections be indirect.

A. Direct Connections are those in w hich ele­ments/connections are performed without pauses without extra steps/ extra swings.

B. Indirect Connections (only in acrobatic series on Floor), are those in which directly con­nected A-acrobatic elements with flight phase and hand support (from group 7, i.e., round­off, flic flac, etc. as preparatory elements) are performed between saltos (Group 8).

• E-element may replace D-element in Special Con­nections, but the connections will receive the same Bonus Points.

• All other connections must be submitted to FIG / WTC.

Uneven Bars 11.5 - Bonus Points for Special Connections

Additional BP for Special Connections can be given for:

• Mount or Connections w ithin the exercise:

of at least two elements ... either with fli ght phase ... or, wi th long axis (LA) turn of at least 180° in each C element.

• Dismount Connections:

40

the C element before the dismount must con­tain a flight phase or a turn.

the dismount itself may be with or w ithout LA turn.

Examples:

C+ C = .10

Gia nt with V, turn in the handstand phase + Front gia nt with V, turn after hands tand.

C+ 0 = .10

Cast to handstand with hop in the handstand phase + Jaeger.

0+0 = .20

Stalder backward w ith hop in the handstand + Jaeger.

With connection of three or more elements, the second element and those following may be used a second time. Examples of 3 or more elements:

C + C + C = 0.1 + 0.1

Gia nt w ith V, turn in handstand + Front g iant w ith y, turn in ha ndstand + Double Twisting fl yaway.

C + C + 0 = 0.1 + 0.1

Giant w ith v,- v, turn + Giant w ith '!J turn after + Tkatehev.

C + C + E = 0.1 + 0.1

Cast to handstand with V, turn in handstand + Giant w ith Y, turn after handstand + Double Back fl yaway in stre tched position.

C + 0 + 0 = 0.1 + 0.2

Giant w ith V, turn in ha nd stand + Front g iant with '!J turn after to Eagle g rip + Jaeger.

o + 0 + 0 = 0.2 + 0.2

Fron t g iant w ith '!J turn after to Eagle grip + Front giant in eagle grip w ith bending of hips in las t part of upwa rd swing +

Jaeger.

Balance Beam 12.5.1 - Connections of two or more gymnastic ele­ments or two or more gym / acro elements (or reversed) Examples:

A + 0 =.10

1. Split leap forward + Tour Jete.

2. Forward sa lta from two feet + Sissone.

B + C = .10

1. Flie flac + Straddl e jump.

2. Switch leg leap + s plit leap w ith Y, turn .

B + 0 = .10

1. Tour Je te + Ca t leap w ith y, turn.

2. Tour Jete + Flic fl ac.

C + C = .20 - (Exception: Switch leg leap + switch leg leap = .10)

1. Jum p full turn + Straddle jump.

2. Round off Flic fl ac mount + Straddle jump.

C + B + C = .20 - (Gym / Acro/Gy m or Acro / Gym / Aero)

1. Straddle jump + pike jump in cross position + Side split jump.

2. Switch leg leap + Flic flac + straddle jump.

C + C + C = .30 - (Exception : 3 switch leg lea ps = .20)

1. Jump fu ll turn + straddle jump + Side split jump.

2. Ring lea p or jump + Forward sa lta w ith 1 foot take off +

Straddle jump.

12.5.2 - Connections of two or more of the following elements: • Free aerial wa lkover or ca rtwheel.

• Forward or sideward acrobatic element wi th hand support.

• Forward or sideward sa ito.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 41: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Exa mples:

A (without fli ght) + C = .10

Ca rtwheel + side aeria l.

B + C = .10

Front aeria l + Front handspring.

A (without fli ght) + D = .20

Ca rtw heel + Side salta in pike position.

B + D = .20

Front handspring + Front salta take off 2 fee t.

C + C (a nd more difficult) = .20

Front aerial + Front aerial.

C+ C+ C = .30

Front aerial + Front aerial + Side aerial.

B + C + D = .30

Font handspring + Front salta w ith 1 foot take off + Sa lta forward with 2 foot take off.

12.5.3 - Connections of two flight acrobatic elements • with "directional change" in one ele-

ment or .

• with counter element execution Exa mples:

B + C = .10

1. Front handspring + Chen Flic.

2. Fl ic fla c with Y, turn + Front handspring.

C+ C = .20

1. Front aerial + Gainer salta with y, twist to side of bea m.

2. Flic flac with y, twist + Front aerial.

B + D = .20

1. Front salta with 2 foot take off + Back sa lta tucked position .

2. Front handspring + Y, twisting Flic flac to cross s traddle sit.

12.5.4 - Connections of at least three acro­batic flight elements B + B + C = .10

(Exception: 2 Flic flacs with landing on one or two legs + salta stretched with step out)

1. Flic flac + Flic fl ac + Salta backward with 'I, tw ist dismount.

2. Flic flac + Salta stretched with step out + Flic fl ac.

B+C+C=.10

Flic flac + Salta backward stretched w ith step out + Sa lta backward stretched w ith step out.

B+B+C+C=.20

Cartwheel mount + Flic flac + Sa lta backwa rd stre tched w ith s tep out + Salta backwa rd stretched w ith step out.

B + B + D =.20

Round off + Flic fl ac + Double back tuck d ismount.

C + C+ C =.20

Side aerial + Sa lta backward stretched w ith step out + Salta backwa rd s tretched wi th step out.

B + B + C + D = .30 (a nd more difficult)

Sa lta backwa rd stretched w ith step out + Flic fl ac + Flic flac + Double back tuck dismount.

12.5.1 to 12.5.4 - These apply to mount, dismount and connections within the exer­cise

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Floor Exercise 13.5.1 - Indirect acrobatic connection of two or more saltos in a C saito series Exa m ples:

C+ C= .10 Round off, Fli c fl ac, sa lta backwa rd w ith 1 y, twis t,

round off, Flic flac, sa lta backwa rd w ith Y, twist

A + A+ C =.10

Font sa lta tucked , rou nd off, whip back, Flic flac, sa lta backward w ith ,;\ twist.

A+ B + C = .10

Front sa lta round off, Flic fl ac, sa lta backwa rd with Y, twist, Flic flac, sa lta backwa rd w ith 1/ 1 twist

A + C+ C = .20

Front sa lta tucked , round off , Fli c fla c, sa lta back wa rd with 1 y, twist, round off, sa lta backwa rd w ith Y, twis t.

A + A + A + C =.20

Front sa lta tucked , round o ff, w hip back, whip back, Flic fl ac ,sa lta backward w ith Y, twis t.

D SALTO SERI ES

Examples:

A + D = .10

Front sa lta tucked , round off, Flic fl ac, d ouble back sa lta tucked with Y, twist in firs t sa lta.

B + 0 = .10

Round off, Flic fl ac, full tw isting whip back, Flic fl ac, sa lta backwa rd w ith 2Y, twist.

C+ D = .20

Round off, Flic fl ac, sa lta backward w ith 'I, twist, round off, Flic fl ac, d ouble back sa lta with Y, twist in first sa lta .

13.5.2 - Direct acrobatic connections of: • Two or three acrobatic flight phase

elements in same directional line (for­ward or backward); or

• Two saltos with "directional change" in first saito, (also with third acrobatic element); or

• Two counter saltos (also with third acrobatic element).

"A" elements must be saltos. "B" elements (and more difficult) may be executed with or without hand support. Examples:

A + C= .10

1. Front sa lta tucked + Fron t salta in stretched position.

2. Sa lta backward with Y, tw ist + Front salta tucked .

B + C= .10

1. Flyspring + Sa lta forward s tretched .

2. Salta backwa rd with 'I, tw ist + Sa lta forward piked .

B + B + B = .10

1. Y, Twisting w hi p back + Y, twist ing whip back + Sa lta backwa rd with Y, tw ist.

2. Flyspring + Flyspring + Sa lta forwa rd piked .

N B + D = .20

1. Front salta stretched w ith Y, twist + Front sa lta piked.

2. 2'/, tw isting sa lta backward + Front salta tucked.

Women's Judging

N B + A + C = .20

1. Flyspring + Sa lta forward stretched + Salta fo r ward tucked.

2. Y, tw isting w hip back + sa lta backward w ith Y, twist + Salta forwa rd tucked .

B + B +C = .20

1. Y, tw isting w hip back + 'I, twisting whi p back + Sa lta backwa rd with Y, tw ist.

2. Y, twisti ng w hip back + Sa lta backward w ith Y, tw ist + Sa lta fo rwa rd piked.

C + C = .20

1. Sa lta backwa rd with 1 Y, twist + Sa lta fo rwa rd stretched.

2. Salta backwa rd with 'I, twist + Sa lta forwa rd tucked w ith 'IL

C + D = .30 (and more difficult)

1. Salta forwa rd s tretched + Sa lta fo rwa rd s tretched wi th 1/ 1 twist.

2. Salta backward w ith 2Y, tw ist + Sa lta forwa rd stretched .

A + A + 0 =.30 (a nd more difficult)

1. Whip back + w hip back + Double sa lta backwa rd with Y, tw is t in first salta.

2. Salta forwa rd s tretched w ith Y, twist + Salta forward tucked + Salta forward tucked .

13.5.3 - Connections of two different gym­nastics or two gym / acro elements (or re­versed) Examples:

C+ C =.10

1. Switch leg leap to ring leap + Tou r jete to ring leap.

2. Tuck jump w ith 1'/, tu rn + y, twistin g front handspring.

D + B =.10

1. Strad dle pike jump w ith 'I, turn + Stradd le jump.

2. Tuck jump w ith 'I, turn + Y, twisting Flic fl ac.

D + C =.20

Straddle pike jump w ith Y, turn + Schuschunova.

D + D = .20 Cat leap with 'I, turn + Tuck jump w ith \I, turn.

13.5.4 - Three different gymnastics or three gymnastics / acrobatic elements (gym / acro / gym or acro /gym / acro) Exam ples:

B + C + C =.10

1. Switch leg leap + Switch leg leap to ring lea p + Switch leg leap w ith v. turn.

2. Tuck jump wi th 1 y, tu rn + Y, twisting Flic fl ac + Schuschunova.

C+ C + C= .20 Double turn + jump double turn + Tuck jump w ith 1 Y, turn.

B + B + D = .20

1. Switch leg lea p + Strad d le jump, + Straddl e jump w ith VI turn

2. Tuck jump with 'I, tu rn + Y, twisting Flic fl ac + straddle jump.

B + C + D =.20

Switch leg lea p + Ca t leap with Y, turn + Doubl e turn .

C + C + D = .30 (and more d ifficult)

Triple turn + Double turn + jump Double turn.

41

Page 42: Technique Magazine - May 1993

March 28, 1993 Meeting adjourned 9:30 PM Approved: Mike Jacki, May, 1993

ELfI'E PROGRAM Co E I. ROLLCALL

Region I julie Knight

Region II Brad Loan

Region III Kristi Krafft

Region IV Mike Hunger

Region V Gary Warren

Region VI Byron Knox

Region VII Gary Anderson

Region VIII Tom Cook

ETC Audrey Schweyer

ABC Kathy Feldmann

j.O. Committee Kelli Hill

john Geddert

EPCC Roe Kreutzer

WPD Kathy Kelly

AWPD Tami Holt

R. Kreutzer opened the meeting giving congratulations to the committee for the growth of the elite community and the number of new clubs represented at this classic.

II. TOPS

Dr. William Sands presented a manual to the committee. DisclIs­sian followed regarding questions about the TOP Program. Brochures will be finali zed and distributed to the Regional Chairmen. Add COlnmon questions.

Calendar (see last minutes)

Sands asked tha t the regional testing measurements be recorded in centimeters. Any testing forms with missing data information will be eliminated from the tabulation of results. It is vita l that the Regional Test Administrator be very familiar with all tests and reporting forms.

Sands explained the philosophy of communication / education of the TOPS program participants. The progra m needs a plan to answer questions and concerns and assis t the coaches and parents. This will be finalized and ready by the TOPS Training Camp.

III. EQUIPMENT ISSUES

Recommendation that up to 8" sk ill cushion be allowed at the Elite National Level. (does not negate any execution errors)

Motion - B. Loan

Second - j. Knight

DEFEATED

Recommendation that an eight inch skill cushion be allowed for release moves on bars and vault for the Elite National Level.

Motion - G. Anderson

Second - j. Knight

PASSED

IV. NATIONAL LEVEL

Gary Warren presented a ca lendar for the ational Level Competitors.

Recommendation to hold a Nationa l Championships for th e national elite level athletes using the following schedule (see attached)

Motion - G. Warren

Second - K. Krafft

PASSED

Recommendation that a sub-committee of A. Schweyer, K. Krafft, J. Knight and M. Grossfeld review and make suggestions to the

42

committee on any necessary amendments to the FIG compulsory deductions for the 1994 season.

Motion - G. Anderson

Second - j. Knight

PASSED

Recommendation that the Age Divisions for the 1994 National Level are:

Jr Level 9-13 Comp II1Element Testing

Sr Level 13 & Over Comp II1Comp Testing

Scores to be determined at Congress.

Motion - G. Warren

Second - G. Anderson

PASSED

40%/60%

30%/70%

Recommendation that the National Gymnastics Festival for the National Level is as follows: Total number of qualifiers in both Senior and Junior Divisions divided by 4, for a North, South, East, West Team (Sport Festival Format).

Motion - G. Warren

Second - G. Anderson

PASSED

Recommendation that the top 20 Seniors and the top 20 Juniors from the National Gymnastics Festival will qualify to the U.S. Cia sics. They will compete optionals only at the Classic Meet for placL ment on the Sr/Jr/Training Squads. Compulsory scores from the National Gymnastics Festival will carry over to the Classic Meet. (No petitions to Classics.)

Motion - G. Warren

Second - G. Anderson

PASSED

Recommendation to change the deduction for the hecht on bars for the Compulsory Testing Program as follows: .50 for fall plus execution errors (in order to "reward" that proper technique has been used even though the athlete has not "touched" the bar -the value of the element will not be taken unless the element is not performed)

Motion - G. Anderson

Second - G. Warren

PASSED

Recommendation that both Elite and Elite National rated judges may be assigned to the National Gymnastics Festival.

Motion - G. Warren

Second - G. Anderson

PASSED

V. QUALIFYING SCORES

Recommendation that qualifying scores for US Classic remain the same for all divisions with 40 Sr.l32 Jr. participants guaranteed.

Motion - K. Krafft

Second - B. Knox

PASSED

Recommendation that a Senior International who did not achieve a 36.00 AA at the American Classic or a 71.00 AA adjusted at their regional competition must qualify from regionals for the U.S. Cia ' sic.

Motion - B. Knox

Second - K. Krafft

PASSED

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 43: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Regional Classics Clinic/ Workout

States

World Champ. 16-23

PROTEcr YOURSELF FROM AIDSAND HEI-ro:TIIS

nfectious diseases such as AIDS and Hepa­titis B can be transmitted from one person to another in blood and other body fluids through mucus membranes eyes, nose and

mouth and skin abrasions (cuts, scratches, scrapes and rashes.)

In the athletic arena, the greatest risk comes from blood and any fluid visibly contaminated with blood such as the saliva of an individual who has a cut in the mouth.

Treat all blood as potentially infectious material. This is known as UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS.

Do not put yourself or another person at risk. The responsibility is yours and yours alone.

TECHNIQUE May 1993

Women's Minutes

1st Reg, 2-5 2ndReg. 24-26

Regional

Regional Testing

Injuries

Games 23-8/7

Sport Festival 1-10 Classic 21-24

National Gym. Festival

Regional Testing

USAChamp. 20-21 Congress 24-29

Classic (Opt - only)

• Immediately report and treat all bleeding in­juries, no matter how minor.

• Never touch another player's mouth guard.

• Never assist another person who is treating a bleeding injury or cleaning up blood from an injury without wearing protective gloves and clothing.

• Never pick up an injured person's clothing, bandages or equipment without wearing pro­tective gloves, even if blood is not evident.

• Immediately wash with soap and water any area of the body that has come into contact with another person's blood or other body fluids.

• Never share shaving utensils.

• Never share drink containers or dip drink containers in drink fluids.

• Never share towels or another player's cloth­ing or equipment.

Prevention If in doubt, do not touch.

• Dispose of all contaminated* laundry, towels and equipment in properly labeled contain­ment bags.

• Dispose of all contaminated* bandages in a properly labeled infection containment bag.

*Contaminated indicates the presence of blood or other body fluids.

World Trials 11/6-8

Testing

43

Team World Champ. 21-27

Train-ing

Adapted from a community service poster by Sherwood Medical, the manufacturer of Expandover® and Sher-Light® Athletic tape. Sherwood Medical, St. Louis, MO 63103

Page 44: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Women's Minutes

March 7 & 8, 1993 Orlando, Fla .

Minutes

approved:

Mike Jacki,

March,1993

AoHoc COMMII'I'EE I. ROLL CALL Voting Members:

Kevin Brovnl

Tony Gehman Steve Nunno Donna Strauss Michelle Dusserre Roe Kreutzer

Absent Members: Bela Karolyi

Non Voting Advisors: Muriel Grossfeld Steve Whitlock Bill Sands Kathy Kelly Jackie Fie

Guests:

Coaches' Representative Coaches' Representati ve Coaches' Representative Coaches' Representa tive Athletes' Representa tive Chair.

Coaches' Representa tive

National Team Staff Educa tion Serv ices Director Chair., Sports Science Advisory Committee Women's Program Director FlG/ WTC President (absent)

Sandy Knapp Chair., Board of Directors Na ncy Marshall Vice Chair. for Women On behalf of the entire Women's Program, K. Kelly congratulated

S. unno on the fine finish of Shannon Miller and Kerri Strug. All of the coaches were commended for the obvious dedication and effort tha t has been put into the development of increased difficulty of the a thletes routines / skills.

II. REVIEW OF GOALS

After discussion, the committee decided to table this item until the other issues have been discussed.

III. INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVE REVIEW

Women's program report: 21 competitors won 97 medals in 63 competitions in the 1992 ca lendar year. The Selection Committee was commend ed for its work in assign ing a thletes to competitions where they can be challenged and successful. Coaches and the athletes were commended for this tremendous achievement and for their obvious dedication to program goa ls.

IV. 1993 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

The World Championships schedule was discussed. unno re­quested that the team depart the country on April 8th for arrival on April 9th. The coaches agreed that the "team" would not participate in the first podium practice scheduled for April 9th . Steve expressed concern about the personal coach credentials. Kelly s ta ted that the Organ izing Committee will allow purchase of FX credentials but that those coaches would only have access to the training halls not the competitive floor. Kelly wi ll attempt to clarify this situation prior to leaving. Michelle Dusserre will travel with the delega tion as Athlete Representative. The Head of Delegati on is Mike Donahue. There will bea meeting of the coaches of the delega tion immediately following the Trials competition in Salt Lake City, UT.

V. ATHLETE/COACHES SUPPORT PROGRAM Kelly explained the Athlete Support Program. Copies of the partici­

pation pOints for Bonus Pay distribution were mailed directly to the parents of team members for corrections. The final draft will be distributed to the coaches at the Classic Meet. The Coaches Support Proposa l was d iscussed . Tony Gehman, as the Eli te Coaches Associa­tion Representative on the USGF Boa rd of Directors, was charged w ith presented a proposal to the Board in May. The coaches worked with Dr. Sands during the lunch break on the proposa l. Dr. Sands w ill resea rch and compile data and report to the committee at the Classic Meet.

VI. JUDGING ISSUES

The coaches held a lengthy discussion on judging issues. It was decided to establish a Core of Judges to work directly w ith the ational Team and Na ti onal Team Coaches. It is recognized that the judges and coaches need to be working together in pursuit of the same goa ls. The Judges recommended areSchweyer, Grossfeld, Cross, Mulvihill, Weber, and Chencinski. The second tier of judges were discussed with the intent of involving new Na tional Elite Jud ges. This wi ll be finali zed at the next meeting. The coaches requested tha t a Code of Elhics for the Jud ges be w ritten with specific responsibiliti es listed . No direct contact with the a thletes should be initia ted by a judge. Concern was expressed

44

about judges promoting themselves to the Na tional Team Coaches for clinics. This contact should also be initiated by the coach. The following recommendation were made by the coaches. These adaptations to the Code of Pail/Is w ill be in effect for the 1993 Elite season.

I. All "E" elements (ifE element is in addition to required Va lue Parts) on Uneven Bars, Balance Beam, Floor Exercise will receive 0.20 Bonus Points unl ess a FALL occurs. Execution errors ONLY will be d educted.

2. The fo llowing landing deductions will be used for "E" Va ult: Small hop No deductions 1 Step O.OS 2 Step up to 0.10 3Step uptoO.1S 4 Step up to 0.20

VII. NATIONAL TEAM COMPULSORY DEVELOPMENT M. Grossfeld presented a plan for the development of the Elite

compulsory exercises. The plan ca lls for two inter-squad competitions for the Senior Na tional Team and the Olympic Games age eligible Junior National Team. These competitions will be conducted in con­junction w ith a training camp. Proposed dates are ea rly October, November 4-6, and Jan. 14-16, 1994. A lengthy discussion involving the compulsory performance at USA Championships. This is not the decision of the Ad Hoc committee and it was suggested that this issue be brought to the coaches of the Classic competito rs at the Coaches' Meeting.

VIII. USA CHAMPIONSHIPS

The format for the training and competition environment at USA Championships was discussed . The Elite Prog ram Committee r( quested that there bea duplicate wa rm-up fac ility for USA Champio ships. Kelly reported that this issue has been resolved and is included in the format. The judging format that will be utilized at Classic Meet will be reviewed and then a decision w ill be made in volving the format for Championships. It was requ ested that three eight-inch mats be available for Classics and Championships.

IX. APPAREL-SPONSORSHIP

M. Jacki addressed the delega tion at the American Cup and the coaches and athletes had the opportunity to meet with the Reebok and Alpha Factor personnel. The re lationship with these generous spon­sors was certainly enhanced by this interface. The athletes and coaches expressed gratitude for a ll the shoes and apparel that has been re­ceived. Coaches requested that Kelly work closely w ith some of the coaches in regard to future designs.

X. 1994/95 WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

The committee tabled this issue until the goa ls and objectives were discussed.

XI. NEW LEVEL FOR 1994 - NATIONAL ELITE SEASON

Kelly gave an overview of the new concept for competition of thi s level of Elite athletes. The Elite Program Committee w ill be finalizing this at their meeting. Concern was expressed about the "title" of the level.

XII. WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES

Kell y has been informed tha t the CAA rul es concerning all­around competitors in NCAA meets was altered this yea r and that a university is not req uired to compete anyone as an all-around competi ­tor. As a result of this ruling, it is possible that very fine collegiate athletes might not have 5 a ll-around scores for petitioning.

Kelly requested that this number be reduced to TWO SCORES. The committee agreed UNANIMOUSLY

XII. TRIALS FOR 1994/95- CLASSICS AND TRIALS - QUALIFICA­TIONS

Committee tabled this discussion until the goa ls and objecti ves are discussed.

XIII. SELECTION PROCEDURES

Tabled until ti me frame has been established by the Olymp Committee.

XIV. COACHES ETHICS

The committee requested tha t a Code of Ethi cs be written for the Na ti onal Team Coaches.

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 45: Technique Magazine - May 1993

The Women's Technical Committee and National Coaching Staff Present:

An Introduction to the

1993 WOMEN'S CODE OF POINTS FORCOJlC:~~_StIlnDGES _____________ ,

It's Not Too Late 'S'TER NOW FOR THE SYMPOS

\1-.EG' /Ulv[

To consider yourself a true professional you will need to acquire a command of the new rules. This opportunity to learn from and work with the most respected gymnastics experts won't happen again in this quadrennium. TWO TRACKS-ONE FROM THE JUDGES' VIEWPOINT AND ONE FROM THE COACHES-Events will not confilict-Your beam coach can attend both tracks on that event for a complete understanding and perspective of development and evaluation. JOlNT SESSIONS-interfacing both tracks for interesting "debate". DATED

seALL the U~ Be the first to ~¥';RlALS-includtngf t~f TECHNICAL F POINTS. Handouts 0 a FIG CODE a heads included. lectures and over

\ MISS It\ISOPPORTUNITY TO UN DERSTAND THfS)<

COACHES

June 3-6, 1993 • Las Vega$, NV Schedule:

Thursday June 3rd 5:00-7:00 pm

Friday & Saturday June 4th & 5th 9:30 am-5:30 pm

Sunday June 6th 9:30 am- 12:00 noon

Safety Course 1 :00 pm-6:00 pm

Featured Presenters Include:

Linda Beran Marian Dykes

Muriel Grossfeld Cheryl Hamilton

Audrey Schweyer

SEE Y'ALL IN VEGAS! BRIGHT LIGHTS-BRIGHT MINDS-BRIGHT IDEAS

TECHNIQUE May 1993

USGFIWTC SYMPOSIUM 1993 WOMEN'S CODE OF POINTS FOR COACHES AND JUDGES

LAS VEGAS· JUNE 3-6,1993 • REGISTRATION FORM

ame: ______________ _ Telephone: ________ _

Address: ___________________________ _

City: ___ _____ _ ____ _ State: ___ _ Zip Code: ____ _

USGF 0 .: _________ _ SS No. __________ _

Symposium Cost I USGF Pro-members $40.00

I Non members $60.00 I I Please check method of paymell t: I [ [ CHECK (Make checks payable to USA Gymnastics)

I No. Return forms and I checks to:

[ I MC [ I VISA

I USA Gymnastics, I Card Number: Exp. Date: 201 S. Capitol, I Suite 300,

Card Holder's Name: _____________ _ I (prin t) Indianapolis, IN

I SIgnature 46225 I L _______________________ ~ iHOTELRESE~ATIONS-------------1

WTC SYMPOSIUM • LAS VEGAS • JUNE 3-6, 1993

Last Na me: _________ _ First Na me: ____ _ Spouse: ___ _

Address: ____________ _______________ _

City: _____________ _ State: ___ _ Zip Code: _ _ __ _

Telephone: (day) ____ ___ _ (night) __________ _

Room (Please Check One): [ I Single [ I Double [ I Triple

I am traveling with or would like to room nea r _~ _____________ _

I am interested in a pre/ post tour ___________________ _

Please check method of paymell t: (a deposit of SSG/persall is reqllired to gllarn ll tee reservatiolls) [ I CHECK [ I MC [ I VISA [ I AM EX

Card umber: _______ _ Exp. Date: ___ _

Mail to: WORLDTEK TRAVEL

111 Water Street New Haven, cr 06511

Signature: Attn: Maria 1-800--243-1723

L"finlla t iol::!. r~vatio l~ill be sell t IIpo lI:::..eiPt of deposit. __________ :J

45

Page 46: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Women's 1993-1996 Elite Compulsory Clinic

Salt Lake City, UT

This clinic was conducted in conjunction with the 1993 American Classic competition in Salt Lake City, UT, March 25-28, 1993.

Ever since the first presentation of the 1993-96 Pre­mier presentation of the F.I.G. elite compulsory exer­cises in Indianapolis, held in conjunction with the 1991 World Gymnastics Championships, there has been little F.I.G. information available to the coaches and judges attempting to prepare elite athletes. This was the result of the FIG /WTC needing to take time to evaluate input from the various FIG member federations before final­izing the exercises and the judging expectations and parameters.

While the FIG/WTC still has some final decisions to consider, the USA Gymnastics clinic held in Salt Lake City represented the MOST up-to-date interpretation available. USA Gymnastics has documented the work­shop in a 3.5 hour videotape (SLP format). Copies of the Salt LakeCity clinic were sent to National Team Coaches as well as Regional Chairmen. Interested coaches and judges may arrange to view or duplicate a copy of the workshop video through any of these individuals or may ordered a personal copy through the USA Gym­nastics Merchandise Department. (Item #2149, $15.95 -call 317-237-5060 and have your MasterCard or Visa information ready)

The clinicians for the workshop included USA Gym­nastics National Team Training Staff members Muriel Grossfeld, Arthur Akopyan, Steve Elliott, Tamara Biggs, and Geza Poszar-as well as Roe Kreutzer (EPCC).

WOMEN's Code of Points

"We are already competing using the

new requirements ... where's the Code?"

This has been the BIG question in the minds of many

U.s. judges and coaches. USA Gymnastics is pleased to

announce that the U.s. English version of the official

F.I.G. Code of Points for women's artistic gymnastics

will be available for shipment May 31 . (Item #1101,

$39.95)

46

A note of explanation -

Preparation of the Code of Points is always a long and difficult endeavor that is complicated by FI G approval process and the numerous trans­lations of the material and information. The FIG produced an "official" Code for distribu­tion internationally. The design of this Code was in a new format that included descrip­tions and explanations in three languages (French, German and English) in a single 8.5" x 11" publication instead of three separate and distinct publications as in the past.

Upon examination of the official trilingual FIG pub­lication, Jackie Fie discovered that the literal English translations from the working German text included numerous syntax errors. Madam Fie solicited the FIG for the right for USA Gymnastics to produce an En­glish-only version of the Code. This task has been undertaken by Jackie Fie with the assistance of many volunteer hours by Mr. Lance Crowley.

While this effort has unfortunately taken additional time in making the Code available to coaches an judges in the U.s., the result is a much more accurate and usable document for the English speaking commu­nity. The U.S. English version will be available in the same 8.5" x 11" size as the FIG trilingual version and uses the "official" FIG three-ring binders.

In order to a void increasing the cost of the new Codes during the 1993-96 quadrennium over previous ver­sions, the FIG selected to utilize binders made from a plasticized cardboard material instead of the expensive vinyl covered heavy cardboard binders that were of­fered in the past. As part of the agreement with the FIG to produce an English language version of the Code, USA Gymnastics had to agree to purchase the pre­printed FIG binders.

If you have not done so already, order your new Code now! Our thanks to Jackie Fie for her extra effort and work to insure that the U.S. gymnastics commu­nity has access to the best information available for the preparation and training of our international athletes, judges and coaches.

Correction In the article "Teaching the underarmswing

on vaultto beginner gymnasts" by John Wojtczuk (Technique, May, 1993, Vol. 13,#3), the line in the first paragraph, page 14 should have read: "It is generally accepted and coached that the under­arm swing is the most efficient technique to use on vaulting."

May 1993 TECHNIQUE

Page 47: Technique Magazine - May 1993

EDUCATION/EVENT CALENDAR Start No. Discip- STI Date dars line Event City CO Contact Phone

5/10/93 MWR Safety Certification Course (8:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m.) Edina MN J.Thompson-Aretz 612-890-9020 5/ 13/ 93 4 W J.O. National - Level 10 Baltimore MD Connie Maloney 317-237-5050 5/14/ 93 3 R Corbeil International Tournament Corbeil FRA Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 5/ 20/ 93 3 W T.O.P. Training Camp (Group 1) Birmingham AL Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 5/21 / 93 4 M Sr. Men's Team Training Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 5/22 / 93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.) Chicago IL Monte Kimes 312-347-6770 5/ 22 / 93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (12:30-6:30 p.m.) Tulsa OK Jan Eyman 817-694-4214 5/ 22 / 93 3 W T.O.P. Training Camp (Group 1) Birmingham AL Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 5/ 23 / 93 1 MWR Safety Certifica tion Course (10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.) New Haven CT Bob Beach 203-397-4182 5/ 30 / 93 2 R J.O. Nationals - Rhythmic Colo. Spgs. CO Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 6/4/93 3 R U.S. Rhythmic Championships Colo. Spgs. CO Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 -6/3/93 4 W WTC Symposium Las Vegas NY Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 6/6/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (1:00-6:00 p.m.) Las Vegas NY Suzanne Suckow 317-237-5050

6/12/93 2 M World University Games Trials Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 6/12/ 93 7 M 10-11 Age Group Development Team Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 6/17/93 27 M World University Team Preparation Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 6/17/93 4 MW Region VIII Mini-Congress Birmingham AL Inman Academy 205-991-0256 6/17/93 4 MWR ACEP National Conference (Coaching America's Coaches) Indianapolis IN ACEP 217-351-5076 6/19/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-2:00 p .m.) Stroudsburg PA Bruno Klaus 717-629-0244 6/20/93 33M *Men's Senior National Team Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 6/23/93 5 MWR xvrn American Sokol Slet IL Jackie Kourim 708-795-0539 6/23/93 4 MW USGF Coaching Workshop at Camp Greenkill Hugenot NY Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 6/23/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (5:30 p.m.-10:00 p.m.) Huguenot NY Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 6/25/93 2 MWR USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (6:30-10:30 & 10:00-1 :30) Huguenot NY Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 6/26/93 2 MWR USGF/ ACEP Sport Science Course (3:00-7:00 & 10:00-2:00) Louisville KY S. Schoenbaechler 502-452-7561 6/26/93 2 W Regional Elite Meets Various Sites Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 6/30/93 5 W NAWGJ National Symposium Orlando FL Rene Niccollai 305-755-9197 '6/TBA 2 MW Champions Cup TBA Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 *6/TBA 1 MW Champions Cup Exhibition TBA Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 7/8 / 93 12 MW World Universi ty Games (1 gymnastics session per day) Buffalo NY Cowan / Kelly 317-237-5050 -

7/17/93 2 W Regional Elite Meets Various sites Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 7/ 17/ 93 1 MWR USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) Denver CO Betsy Sprague 303-373-2797 7/17/ 93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) Denver CO Betsy Sprague 303-373-2797 7/18/93 2 MW Triangular Exhibition: USA / UKR/BLR San Jose CA Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 7/20/93 7 M Junior Elite I & II Development Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 7/ 21/93 1 MW Hilton Challenge (BLR/ UKR / USA) Los Angeles CA Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 7/ 21 / 93 4 W Elite Judges Course Tempe AZ Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 7/23/ 93 10 MWR U.s. Olympic Festival San Antonio TX USOC 719-632-5551 7/25/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) Simi Valley CA Jeff Lulla 818-845-0700 7/30/93 3 MWR USGF/ ACEP Sport Science Course (TBA) TBA IL Norbert Bendixon 708-566-4411 7/31/ 93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (10:00 am-2:00 p.m.) Columbus OH Bobbi Montanari 614-457-1279

~ 8/4/93 3 MW USGF Coaching Workshop at Woodward Camp Woodward PA Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 -8/5/93 12 M Jr. National Team Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 8/5/93 4 W U.s. Classic Nationals Austin TX Kathy Kelly 317-237-5050 8/5/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (5:30 p.m.-9:30 p.m.) Woodward PA Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 8/6/93 2 MWR USGF/ ACEP Sport Science Course (6:00-9:30 p.m. & 8:00-noon) Woodward PA Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050

8/12/93 6 R Sr. National Team Training Camp Colo.Spgs CO Nora Hitzel 3] 7-237-5050 8/12/93 6 R Junior Olympic Training Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 8/14/93 1 MWR USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (TBA) Indianapolis IN USA Gymnastics 317-237-5050 8/19/93 4 MW USGF Coaching Workshop at Lake Owen Camp Cable WI Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 8/19/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (1:30 p.m.-5:00 p.m.) Cable WI STeve Whitlock 317-237-5050 8/20/93 3 M Region VI Men's Gymnastics Symposium S. Hadley MA Mike Jacobson 508-771-2118 8/ 21/93 2 MWR USGF / ACEP Sport Science Course (6:00-9:00 & 10:00-3:00) Cable WI Dave Moskovitz 317-237-5050 8/21/93 1 MW Broadcast Trinagular Competition (BLR/UKR/USA) ABC Wide World of Sports 8/25/93 4 MW U.S. Championships Salt Lake City UT Mike Juszczyk 317-237-5050 8/25/93 5 R Junior Elite Training Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 8/27/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (8:00 a.m.-l:00 p.m.) Salt Lake City UT Suzanne Suckow 317-237-5050 8/28/93 3 MW International Gymnastics Symposium Ankara TUR Atilla Orsel (4) 310 44 70 -9/ 9/ 93 4 MWR USA Gymnastics National Congress Atlanta GA Kathy Brown 317-237-5050 9/12 / 93 1 R World Championship Trials Atlanta GA Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050 9/ 16/ 93 3 M FIG Men's Coaches/Judges Symposium Logano SUI Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 9/19/ 93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (11:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) New York City NY Joan Hicks 203-924-8666 9/ 28 / 93 6 M Regional Development Camp Colo. Spgs. CO Robert Cowan 317-237-5050 9/30/ 93 4 W Region V Mini-Congress Cincinnati OH Jeff Metzger 513-489-7575 10/3/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (10:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.) Flemington NJ Cathy Finkel 201-586-1808 -10/3/93 1 MWR Safety Certification Course (11:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) New York City NY Joan Hicks 203-924-8666

10/15/93 2 W Michigan State Congress Rochester MI Judy Freiheit 313-742-2151 10/25/93 5 R World Championship Team Training Camp TBA Nora Hitzel 317-237-5050

Of> Tenta tive

TECHNIQUE May 1993 47

Page 48: Technique Magazine - May 1993

Non-profit Organization U.s. Postage

PAID Permit No. 7867 Indianapolis, IN

USA GYlllnastics

SAFETY CERTIFICATION Safety Certification Courses

Monday, May 10, 1993 Edina, MN - 8:00 am-1:00 pm TAGS-Edina 5201 Eden Circle Edina, MN 55436 Course Dir.: Julia Thompson-Aretz (612) 890-9020

Saturday, May 22, 1993 Chicago, IL - 9:00 am-4:00 pm Whitney-Young High School 210 S. Loomis Chicago, IL 60607 Course Dir.: M. Kimes (312) 347-6770

Saturday, May 22, 1993 Tulsa, OK-12:30 pm-6:30 pm American Gymnastics of Tulsa 7246 East 38th St. Tulsa, OK 74145 Course Dir.: Jan Eyman (817) 694-4214 Local Contact: Becky Rupe (918) 664-2220

Sunday, May 23, 1993 New Haven, CT-I0:00 am-4:00 pm So. Connecticut State Univ. Fitch Street, Pelz Gym Room #1 New Haven, CT 06515 Course Dir.: Bob Beach (203) 397-4182

Saturday, June 19, 1993 Stroudsburg, PA - 9:00 am-2.00 pm International Gymnastics Camp, Golden Slipper Rd. Stroudsburg, PA 18360 Course Dir.: John Perna Local Contact: B. Klaus (717) 629-0244

Wednesday, June 23, 1993 Hugenot, NY - 5:30 pm -10:00 pm Camp Greenkill, PO Box B Huguenot, NY 12746 Course Dir.: Dave Moskovitz (317) 237-5050 Local phone: (914) 856-4282

This cOllrsewill be held ill COlljllllCtioll with the USA Gyll/llastics Sllllllller Coaches Workshop.

Saturday, July 17, 1993 Denver, CO-9:00 am-6:00 pm SS Gymnastics 12445 E. 39th Ave, Suite 505 Denver, CO 80239 Course Dir.: Betsy Sprague (303) 373-2797

Sunday, July 25, 1993 Simi Valley, CA- 9:00 am-5:00 pm Imagymation Gymnastics 4685 Unit 3G Industrial St. Simi Valley, CA 93063 Course Dir.: Jeff Lulla (818) 845-0700

Saturday, July 31,1993 Columbus, OH -10:00 am-2:00 pm Radisson Hotel Columbus North 4900 Sinclair Rd. Columbus, OH 43229 Course Dir.: Bobbi Montanari (614) 457-1279

This cOllrse will illelllde participallts frolll the YMCA of USA..

Thursday, August 5, 1993 Woodward, PA - 5:30 pm-9:30 pm Woodward Gymnastics Camp P.O. Box 93 Woodward, PA 16882 (812) 349-5633 Course Dir.: Michael Rizzuto / Dave Moskovitz Phone: (317) 237-5050

This COllrse will be held ill COlljllllCtioll with the USA Gyll/llastics Sllllllller Coaches Workshop.

Thursday, August 19, 1993 Cable, WI - 1:30 pm-5:00 pm Lake Owen Camp HC 60, Box 60 Cable, WI 54821 Course Dir.: Steve Whitlock / Dave Moskovi tz Phone: (317) 237-5050

This CO llrse will be held ill CO lljllll Ct ioll with the USA Gy/l/llastics Slimmer Coaches Workshop.

Sunday, October 3, 1993

Flemington, NJ - 10:00 am-6:00 pm Gymnastics Unlimi ted RD#5 Box 80 Flemington, NJ 08822 Course Dir.: C. Finkel (201) 586-1 808

Sunday, October 3, 1993 New York City, NY - 11 :00 am-5:00 pm Sutton Gymnastics 20 Cooper Square New York City, NY 10003 Course Dir.: Joan Hicks (203) 924-8666

.......... --1. lhetextbookfortheCertific:otionCourse

is the USGF GYMNASTICS SAFETY MANUAL This text/reference manual is 10 be purchased and studied prior 10 course participation.

2. The course will take approximately six hours, including the test.

3. Certification is good for four years.

4. The Course/examination fee is $100.00. USA Gymnastics mem­bers and second cycle recertifica­tion is $75.00. Retest cost is $25.00. For groups of at least 5, contact the USA Gymnastics Department of Safety and Education.

r-------------------------, Participation Registration Form T593

Name: Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. ______________ .SOc. Sec. # ______ _

Address: ________________________ _

City: ______________ State: ______ Zip ___ _

Telephone: (H) (B) _________ _

Course Director: ________________________ _

Course Location: _________________ Date: ____ _

Organization Represented: ___________________ _

If USA Gymnastics Member, List Type and Number ________ _

Form of Payment: 0 Check 0 Visa 0 Mastercard Name on Card: __________ _ Number: ________ _

Expiration Date: ____ _ Signature: ______________ _

Please make checks payable in full to USA Gymnastics Safety Certification Mail Registration Form and Payment to: USA Gymnastics Safety, Pan American Plaza, Suite 300, 201 S. Capitol, Indianapolis, IN 46225

DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE • FOR OFFICE USE ONLY I I I Registration Form Received: __________________ _

Confirmation Mailed: I L _________________________ ~

1-

)