HJ 2515-2012

2

National Environmental Protection Standards of

the People’s Republic of China

HJ 2515-2012

Technical requirement for environmental labeling products

Ship anti-fouling paints

Issued on July 3, 2012 Coming into force as of October 1, 2012

Issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection

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Contents

Foreword .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1 Applicable Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 5

2 Normative References ....................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Terms and Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... 5

4 Basic Requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 6

5 Technical Contents ............................................................................................................................................ 6

6 Test Methods ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

Annex A (Informative Annex) ................................................................................................................................... 9

List of Low Risk Active Substances in Ship Anti-fouling Paints ............................................................................. 9

Annex B (Informative Annex) ................................................................................................................................. 10

Marine Environmental Risk Assessment Method for Active Substances in Ship Anti-fouling Paints ................... 10

This document is a translation of a Chinese original. In case of dispute, the original document should be

taken as authoritative.

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Foreword

This standard is formulated for the purposes of implementing the Environment Protection Law of the

People's Republic of China, reducing adverse impacts of ship anti-fouling paints on the environment and

human health in the process of production and use and protecting the environment.

This standard specifies the requirements for banned substances, limits of hazardous substances in ship

anti-fouling paints as well as user manual.

This is the first version of the current standard.

This standard is applicable to certification of China’s environmental labeling product.

This development of this standard is organized by the Department of Science, Technology and Standards of

the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China.

The drafting organizations of this standard are Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection

and Foreign Economic Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.

This standard was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China on July 3, 2012.

This standard comes into force as of October 1, 2012.

This standard shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China.

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Technical requirement for environmental labeling products

Ship anti-fouling paints

1 Applicable Scope

This standard stipulates the terms and definitions, basic requirements, technical contents and test methods

for ship anti-fouling paint environmental labeling products.

This standard is applicable to all types of ship anti-fouling paints.

2 Normative References

The contents of this standard quote the provisions of the following documents. The effective version of any

documents without a marked date is applicable to this standard.

GB 16483 General Rules on the Compilation of Safety Data Sheet for Chemical Products

GB 17378.5-2007 Specifications for Marine Monitoring―Part 5: Sediment Analysis

GB 18581-2009 Indoor Decorating and Refurbishing Materials - Limit of Harmful Substances of

Solvent-based Coatings for Woodenware

GB 18582-2008 Indoor Decorating and Refurbishing Materials - Limit of Harmful Substances of

Interior Architectural Coatings

GB 24613-2009 Limit of Harmful Substances of Coatings for Toys

GB/T 6824-2008 Determination of Release Rate of Copper Ion for Antifouling Paints on Ship

Bottom

GB/T 21815.1-2008 Chemicals Testing of Biodegradability in Seawater - Shake Flask Method GB/T

25011-2010 Test Method and Determination of DDT Content in Ship Antifouling Paints

GB/T 26085-2010 Test Method and Determination of Total Tin Content in Ship Antifouling Paints

HJ/T 153-2004 The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals

3 Terms and Definitions

The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.

3.1 Ship anti-fouling paints

They refer to the coasting for ship control or preventing marine biofouling.

3.2 Active substances

They refer to the compounds in anti-fouling paints having general or specific action to unwanted

organisms.

3.3 Environmental risk assessment

Quantitative or qualitative proposition of potential impact of a chemical on environment by examining

exposure resulting from discharge or release of the chemical and impact of the exposure on structure and

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function of ecosystem.

4 Basic Requirements

4.1 The product quality shall meet the requirements of related product quality standards.

4.2 Pollutant emissions of product manufacturers shall meet national or local emission standards.

4.3 Product manufacturers shall enhance clean production in their production process.

5 Technical Contents

5.1 General requirements for products

5.1.1 The substances listed in Table 1 shall not be artificially added.

Table 1 Banned Substances in Product

Banned category Banned substances

Glycol ether and esters

Ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether

acetate, ethylene glycol ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether

acetate, diethylene glycol butyl ether acetate

Alkanes N-hexane

Ketones 3,5, 5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-ketone (isophorone)

Alkyl halides

Dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloromethane,

trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride

Alcohols Methyl alcohol

Silicates (asbestos)

Chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite

asbestos, abkhazite

5.1.2 The limit of hazardous substances shall comply with the requirements listed in Table 2.

Table 2 Limit of Hazardous Substances in Product

Item1 Limit

VOC，g/L ≤ 400

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Toluene＋Xylene＋Ethylbenzene，% ≤ 25

Benzene，% ≤ 0.05

Soluble heavy

metal

Lead（Pb），mg/kg ≤ 90

Cadmium（Cd），mg/kg ≤ 75

Chromium（Cr），mg/kg ≤ 60

Arsenic（As），mg/kg ≤ 5

Note 1: The test is carried out after the mixing based on the construction ratio. If the use amount of

diluter is in a certain range, the test should be carried out after the mixing based on the maximum

dilution proportion specified by the product construction ratio.

5.2 Requirements for active substances in product

5.2.1 DDT and Mercury (Hg) are banned and must not be detected.

5.2.2 Total tin content shall not be more than 1,500 mg/kg of dry paint sample.

5.2.3 Release rate of copper ion (in stable state) should not be greater than 25μg /cm2·d.

5.2.4 The active substances in anti-fouling paints should impose low risk1.

Note 1: See Annex A for the list of low risk active substances in antifouling paints. The assessment of

active substances not included in the list of Annex A shall be conducted in accordance with the methods

specified in Annex B.

5.3 Requirements for product instruction manual

Product instruction manual shall be sold together with the product and include the followings:

（1）Applied quality standards.

（2）active substances in use.

（3）Manufacturers shall provide the MSDS based on the requirements of GB16483.

6 Test Methods

6.1 The test of VOC, Toluene＋Xylene＋Ethylbenzene and Benzene listed in Technical Content 5.1.2

shall be conducted based on the methods specified in GB 18581-2009.

6.2 The test of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) listed in Technical Content 5.1.2 shall be

conducted according to the methods specified in GB 18582-2008. The test of arsenic (As) shall be carried

out based on the method in GB 24613-2009.

6.3 The test of DDT listed in Technical Content 5.2.1 shall be conducted based on the methods specified

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in GB/T 25011-2010.

6.4 The test of mercury (Hg) listed in Technical Content 5.2.1 shall be conducted based on the methods

specified in GB 18582-2008.

6.5 The test of total tin content listed in Technical Content 5.2.2 shall be conducted based on the methods

specified in GB/T 26085-2010.

6.6 The test of copper ion release rate listed in Technical Content 5.2.3 shall be conducted based on the

methods specified in GB/T 6824-2008.

6.7 Other indicators in Technical Contents shall be verified by document review combined with site

inspection.

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Annex A

(Informative Annex)

List of Low Risk Active Substances in Ship Anti-fouling Paints

Chinese Name English Name

氧化亚铜 Cuprous oxide

吡啶硫酸铜 Copper pyrithione

4,5-二氯-2-正辛基-3-异噻唑啉酮 4,5-Dichloro-2-n-octy-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT）

吡啶硫酸锌 Zinc pyrithione

代森锌（乙撑双（二硫代氨基甲酸锌）） Zineb

硫氰酸亚铜 Cuprous thiocyanate

辣椒素 Capsaicin

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Annex B

(Informative Annex)

Marine Environmental Risk Assessment Method for Active Substances in Ship Anti-fouling Paints

B.1 Methods and principles

The assessment of marine environment risk of active substances in antifouling paints requires assessing

three aspects including durability, bioaccumulation and toxicity. When active substances meet all the

assessment criteria of the three aspects mentioned below, they have relatively low risk to marine

environment:

(1) Assessment criteria for durability: ①Active substance has “quick biodegradability”; or ②the

mineralization half-life of active substance is less than 60 days; or ③the degradation half-life of active

substance is less than 60 days and the biocidal activity of the active substance decreases gradually during

degradation;

(2) Assessment criteria for bioaccumulation: lg(Kow) <4 or the maximum BCF < 500;

(3) Assessment criteria for toxicity: when Koc <1000 L/kg, PEC/PNEC <1 in seawater medium; when

Koc ≥ 1000 L/kg, PEC/PNEC <1 in seawater and sediment medium.

B.2 Assessment indicators

B.2.1 Assessment criteria for durability

B.2.1.1 Quick biodegradability

Experiment should be conducted according to 301: Rapid Biodegradation in HJ/T 153-2004. If the test

result is positive, the active substances have rapid biodegradability.

B.2.1.2 Mineralization half-life and degradation half-life of active substances

Experiment should be conducted based on GB/T 21815.1-2008 to determine the mineralization half-life and

degradation half-life of active substances.

B.2.1.3 Biocidal activity of active substance decreases gradually during degradation

60-day degradation experiment is carried out based on the requirements of GB/T 21815.1-2008. The

60th

-day solution is employed for the test of eco-toxicity on algae, daphnia and fish. If the minimum L

(E)C50 obtained is over 10 times higher than that of active substance, it is considered that the biocidal

activity of the active substance gradually decreases during the degradation process. The algal ecotoxicity

test should be conducted based on “201: Algal Growth Inhibition Test” described in HJ/T 153-2004. The

daphnia ecotoxicity test is carried out based on “202: Daphnia 24h EC50 Acute Activity Inhibition Test” in

HJ/T 153-2004. The fish ecotoxicity test is carried out based on “203: Fish Acute Toxicity Test in HJ/T

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153-2004”.

B.2.2 Assessment criteria for bioaccumulation

B.2.2.1 N-octyl alcohol/water partition coefficient (Kow)

N-octyl alcohol/water partition coefficient is identified based on 107: Partition Coefficient (n-octyl

alcohol/water) – Shake Flask Method or 117: Partition Coefficient (n-octyl alcohol/water) - HPLC specified

in HJ/T 153-2004.

B.2.2.2 Bioaccumulative coefficient (BCF)

BCF is determined based on 305: Flow-through Fish Test described in HJ/T 153-2004 with unit L/kg.

B.2.3 Assessment criteria for toxicity

B.2.3.1 Organic carbon standard absorption coefficient (Koc)

The organic carbon standard absorption coefficient is determined based on 106: Absorption/Desorption Test

described in HJ/T 153-2004 with L/kg as the unit.

B.2.3.2 Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)

MAMPEC2.0 software is employed to calculate PEC in seawater and sediment. The calculation shall adopt

the soft default parameters as environmental parameters, the default parameters for commercial port,

estuary port, wharf, open sea area and shipping lane are “Default commercial harbor”, “Default estuarine

harbor”, “Default marina”, “Default open sea” and “Default shipping lane” respectively. The compound

parameters should be selected based on properties of the compounds. The hydrolysis rate should be

determined based on 111: Hydrolysis Related to pH specified in HJ/T 153-2004. The photolysis rate should

be determined based on relevant criteria on photolysis half-life in water described in the Criteria for

Environmental Safety Evaluation Test of Chemical Pesticides. The melting point should be determined

based on 102: Melting Point/Melting Point Range in HJ/T 153-2004. Steam pressure should be determined

based on 104: Steam Pressure in HJ/T 153-2004. The solubility in water should be determined based on

105: Water Solubility in HJ/T 153-2004. The equilibrium constant of acid dissociation should be

determined in line with 112: Dissociation Constant in Water in HJ/T 153-2004. Release parameters adopts

the software default parameters, the default release parameters of commercial harbor, estuary port, wharf,

open sea and shipping lane is “Default commercial harbor TBT 100%”, “Default estuarine harbor TBT

100%”, “Default marina TBT 100%”, “Default open sea TBT 100%” and “Default shipping lane TBT

100%” respectively. Assuming that the release rates are the same when sailing and berthing, the release rate

is estimated with Formula (B-1) and all the others should adopt the software default parameters.

0.7

365

12

aa W DFT

VSRt

（B-1）

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Where：R——average release rate of active substance in usage period，μg/cm2/d；

A——mass fraction of active substance in biocidal components，%；

Wa——mass fraction of biocidal components in anti-fouling paints，%；

VS——volume fraction of solid substances (the dry paint volume in certain volume of wet

paint)，%；

Ρ——density of wet paint，g/cm3；

DFT——thickness of dry paint film needed to be sprayed during service period，μm；

T——service period of anti-fouling paints while the thickness of dry paint film is DFT,

calculated by month.

B.2.3.3 Predicted No-effect Concentration (PNEC)

The algae eco-toxicity test is carried out based on 201: Algal Growth Inhibition Test specified in HJ/T

153-2004. The daphnia eco-toxicity test is carried out based on 202: Daphne 24h EC50 Acute Activity

Inhibition Test and 211: Daphne Magna Reproduction Test in HJ/T 153-2004. The fish eco-toxicity test is

conducted based on 203: Fish Acute Toxicity Test, 210: Fish Early Life Stage Toxicity Test, 212: Fish

Embryo: Toxicity Test at Yolk Sac Absorption Phase, and 215: Fish Larvae Growth Test in HJ/T 153-2004

to obtain L (E) C50 or NOEC. Formula (B - 2) or (B - 3) is employed to calculate the PNEC in seawater.

NOECPNEC

AF （B-2）

50( )L E CPNEC

AF （B-3）

Where: PNEC——PNEC in seawater medium，mg/L;

NOEC——No observed effect concentration obtained by long-term testing, mg/L;

L(E)C50——concentration (LC50) generating 50% lethal effect or concentration (EC50) generating

50% inhibiting effect, mg/L;

AF——Assessment factor, selected based on Table B.1. Either NOEC or L(E)C50 should adopts the

minimum value.

The PNEC in sediment is calculated with Formula (B-4):

dim 10001150

susp water

marine se ent saltwater

KPNEC PNEC

（B-4）

Where: PNECmarine-sediment——PNEC in sediment, mg/kg;

PNECsaltwater——PNEC in seawater (mg/L) is estimated with Formula (B-2) or (B-3);

Ksusp-water——Suspended solids/water partition coefficient (m3/m

3) is calculated based on Formula

(B-5):

su p 0.9 0.25s water suspK Foc Koc （B-5）

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Where: Focsusp——organic carbon content in suspended solids (%) is determined based on the

Determination Method of Organic Carbon Content specified in 17378.5-2007;

Koc——organic carbon standard absorption coefficient, L/kg, refer to B.2.3.1 for the

determination method.

Table B.1 Assessment Factor (AF) for Calculating PNEC

Datasheet AF

The lowest acute L(E) C50 of representative freshwater or marine organisms of three trophic

levels and three taxonomic groups (algae, crustacean, fish)

10,000

The lowest acute L(E) C50 of representative freshwater or marine organisms of three trophic

levels and three taxonomic groups (algae, crustacean, fish) and two other marine taxonomic

groups (such as echinoderm, mollusk)

1,000

A long-term NOEC (from studies on reproduction of freshwater or marine crustaceans or

fish growth)

1,000

Two long-term NOECs of freshwater or marine organisms representing two trophic levels

(algae and/or crustacean and/or fish)

500

The minimum long-term NOEC of 3 species of freshwater or marine organisms (generally

(algae and/or crustacean and/or fish) representing three trophic levels

100

Two long-term NOECs of two species of freshwater or marine organisms (algae and/or

crustacean and/or fish) representing two trophic levels and a long-term NOEC representing

another marine taxonomic group (such as echinoderm, mollusk)

50

The minimum long-term NOEC of 3 species of freshwater or marine organisms (generally

(algae and/or crustacean and/or fish) representing three trophic levels and two long-term

NOECs representing several other marine taxonomic groups (such as echinoderm, mollusk)

10

B.3 Procedure for Environmental Risk Assessment

B.3.1 Data acquisition

The data used for assessing marine environment risk of active substances in anti-fouling paints can be

obtained from testing. The test methods are given in this standard. Any testing institution with one of the

following qualifications can provide test services permitted by its qualification:

(1) National laboratory accreditation

(2) Accreditation by the health-related products inspection institutions of the Ministry of Health

(3) GLP recognition by the State Food and Drug Administration

The data provided by http://www.pesticideinfo.org, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov, and

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov can be adopted.

B.3.2 Risk assessment

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Based on the obtained data, when an active substance in antifouling paints meets all the assessment criteria

of durability, bioaccumulation and toxicity given in Annex B.1, it has relatively low risk to marine

environment.