dairy feed requirement - idat galih permana's...
TRANSCRIPT
02/12/2016
1
DAIRY FEED REQUIREMENTMK. Nutrisi Ternak Perah (NTP333)
Department of Nutrition and Feed TechnologyFaculty of Animal ScienceBogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Syllabus
In the second week, students will learn Goals of feeding in dairy cattle, rule of feed on dairy cattle, nutrient balance in lactation cows, and nutrient Requirement for dairy cattle
02/12/2016
2
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Sub Topics
Goals of feeding in dairy cattle
Rule of feed on dairy cattle
Nutrient balance in lactation cows
Nutrient Requirement for dairy cattle Water, Energy,
Protein, Mineral, and Vitamin
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Goals of Feeding in Dairy Cattle
Fulfill animal requirement: Maintenance Milk Production Reproduction
02/12/2016
3
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Role of Feed in Dairy Cows
Amount Nutrition & Nutritional Balance
Not FitFit
Genetic Potential is not expressed
Biological and economical
efficiency
Feeding 55% (highest)
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Energy Partition in Dairy Cow
Feed Energy
FecesUrine
Heat Increment
MilkMeat
CO2
CH4H2
Maintenance Energy
02/12/2016
4
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Strength of Dairy Cattle
Able to convert fiber become energy 60 –70% energy requirement is supplied from
carbohydrate Ability to use NPN (Non Protein Nitrogen) become
high quality protein (microbial protein). 50 –67% protein is obtained from microbial
protein Able to synthesize vitamin B and K Giving daily cash Higher body weight increasing (>0.9 Kg/day) than
Balinese cow (max 0.8 Kg/day), Onggole (max 0.75 Kg/day) and Madura cow (max 0.6 Kg/day)
Feed utility and nutrition efficiency are higher than other animals
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Weakness of Dairy Cow
Produce waste energy -> methane
Wasting high quality protein (covert high quality protein during degradation into urea and lose in urine)
High milk producer cattle is often suffering from ketosis
Produce CH460 kg/year
02/12/2016
5
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Lactation Curve
Normal Condition: First lactation: 24
month Length of lactation:
300 days Dry period: 2 month Calving interval: 12
month Lactation period: 10
times Peak milk yield at
month 1-2
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Typical Energy Curve in Lactation Cow
02/12/2016
6
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Cow Milk Quality Curve
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT
Macro Nutrient• Water• Energy• Protein
Micro Nutrient• Mineral
(especially Ca & P)
• Vitamin
02/12/2016
7
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Water
Water is the most important nutrient for dairy cattle.
It is required for all of life’s processes: transport of nutrients and other compounds to and
from cells; digestion and metabolism of nutrients; elimination of waste materials (urine, feces, and
respiration) and excess heat (perspiration) from the body;
maintenance of a proper fluid and ion balance in the body;
and provision of a fluid environment for the developing fetus
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Water Requirement
Cattle meet water requirement via three sources: drinking or free water intake (FWI), ingestion of water contained in
feed, and water produced by the body’s
metabolism of nutrients Equations for predicting FWI,
(kg/day) (Dahlborn et al., 1998): FWI = (14.3 x 1.28 x milk kg/d) +
(0.32 x DM% of diet) To produce 1 liter of milk needed
4-5 liters of water Water must be offered adlibitum
02/12/2016
8
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Dry Matter (DM)
DM Water free substance Group of organic and anorganic Basic of feed formulation counting and eating
ability of animal are related to rumen volume Dry matter intake (DMI) is fundamentally
important in nutrition because it establishes the amount of nutrients available to an animal for health and production
Energy deficiency due to restricted DMI will decrease body weight and milk production, especially on lactation cattle that has high milk production.
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
DM Consumption
Depends on: Body weight Milk production Lactation stage (In the beginning of lactation (3 weeks
postpartum) consumption decrease 15%) Management Past feeding record Stress and environmental condition Body condition = Animal health Type and feed quality, especially forage (low digestibility
feed restrict consumption) Genetic = Individual Feed and animal cleanness, water availability, and
environmental sanitary
02/12/2016
9
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Relationship between Milk Production Level with Feeding Amount
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Dry Matter Requirement for Lactation Cow
Milk Yield 400 500 600 700 800FCM 4%, kg % BW
10 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.915 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.220 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.425 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.9 3.730 4.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 2.935 5.0 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.140 5.5 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.345 5.0 4.3 3.8 3.550 5.4 4.7 4.1 3.755 5.0 4.4 4.060 5.4 4.8 4.3
02/12/2016
10
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Milk Yield (kg)
Cow Body Weight (kg)450 550 650
% kg % kg % kg
10 2.6 11.7 2.3 12.7 2.1 13.7
20 3.4 15.3 3.0 16.5 2.8 18.2
30 4.2 18.9 3.7 20.4 3.4 22.1
40 5.0 22.5 4.3 23.7 3.8 24.7
50 5.6 25.2 5.0 27.5 4.4 28.6
Dry Matter Intake by Cows in Mid to Late Lactation
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
DMI in Early Lactation
DMI can decrease 15 -18%. Cattle will lose appetite to eat
due to After partus problem Recovery after born calf Milk fever (especially in high
production cows) Increase dry matter
consumption step by step and reach the top after week 10 -12
02/12/2016
11
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Energy
Resulted by all organic substance (carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fibre, and NFE)
Absolutely have to be exist in feed formulation as motor of metabolically activity
Energy requirement for basic need of life (kg TDN)
TDN = 35.2 g/kg BW0.75
Example: BW = 500 kg BW0.75= (500)0.75 =105,737 kg TDN (kg) = 35.2 x 105.737 = 3.721 kg
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Net Energy Lactation (NEl)
Since 2001, NRC using Net Energy as energy unit for dairy cattle.
NE is more accurate than TDN The NE required for lactation (NEL) is defined as
the energy contained in the milk produced. The NEL concentration in milk is equivalent to
the sum of the heats of combustion of individual milk components (fat, protein, and lactose).
02/12/2016
12
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Protein
Feed containing nitrogen consist of Pure protein and Non Protein Nitrogen (NPN)
Protein has important role as major nutrient, required for growth, enzyme and immune system as well as milk production
Milk contain protein about 3-4%, more protein in feed will not milk protein content
Milk protein content depend on genetically aspect
CP in milk23%
CP intake3 kg/d
faces 39%
Milk yield = 20 kg/d
Protein Utilisation in Dairy Cows
urine 34%
Other losses 4%
Maxin et al., 2007
02/12/2016
13
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Degradation of CP in Rumen
In rumen crude protein is degraded by microbe into ammonia (NH3), and used by bacteria as bacteria protein. In intestine hydrolyzed into AA
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Ruminal synthesized microbial CP (MCP), ruminal undegraded feed CP (RUP), and to a much lesser extent, endogenous CP (ECP) contribute to passage of metabolizable protein (MP) to the small intestine.
Metabolizable protein is defined as the true protein that is digested postruminally and the component AA absorbed by the intestine.
Protein Digestion
02/12/2016
14
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Macro Minerals
The macro minerals are important structural components of bone and other tissues and serve as important constituents of body fluids.
Macro minerals play vital roles in the maintenance of acid-base balance, osmotic pressure, membrane electric potential and nervous transmission.
Most composition (90%) of body bone consist of Ca
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Calcium (Ca) Extracellular calcium is essential for:
formation of skeletal tissues, transmission of nervous tissue impulses, excitation of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, blood clotting, and as a component of milk
Very important for growth and milk production (milk = source of organic Ca)
Ca deficiency: Boned with oxsalate, oxsalate acid abundance
froozeblood boned (complex) with patic acid Ca –Mg salt = pitin (grain, oily grain) Zn + Ca �complex, Ca can be unboned but will decrease
absorbable Zn.
02/12/2016
15
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus (P) has more known biologic functions than any other mineral element
About 80 percent of phosphorus in the body is found in bones and teeth. P is located in every cell of the body
Body metabolism key Have to be proportional with Ca (Ca:P =
2:1 –1:2) Mineral is required by all animal status. Micro mineral (Co, Cu, I, MN, and Zn) was
served by mineral salt.
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Vitamin
Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (A,D,E,K) or water-soluble (B & C).
Vitamins have diverse functions including involvement: in many metabolic pathways,
immune cell function, and gene regulation
Vit B and K are synthesize in rumen Vit C is synthesize in the tissues Vit E is abundance infeed Vat D can be obtain from sun light
02/12/2016
16
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Vitamin Supplementation
Addition of vitamin is done when: Forage availability and
quality is restricted Hay is not dry Too much silage used
Daily Nutrient Requirement for Lactation Cow (NRC, 2001)
02/12/2016
17
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Daily Nutrient Requirement of Small Breed
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Daily Nutrient Requirement of Large Breed
02/12/2016
18
Dairy Nutrition (C) 2016 – Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
Thank You
Better feed for better milk production and quality