technical report writing chapter 10.pptx

8/13/2019 Technical Report Writing Chapter 10.pptx

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ajmal 0300-8702749 chapter No 10


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Arguing Persuasively

Recognizing an issueDeveloping your StanceCreate an argumentative Thesis

Developing Reasons andEvidence Acknowledging OthersPerspectives

Arguing logically Writing a Position Paper



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What isArguingPersuasively



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The ability to persuade, influence andconvince is a vital skill for success in workand life. However, most of us have littleidea how to argue well. Indeed, arguing is

still seen by many as something to beavoided at all costs, and mostly it's done poorly, or not at all. Yet it's possibly themost powerful and yet most neglected asset

you could have.



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Discover the art of arguing powerfully, persuasively and positively and you'll have a headstart every time you want to:



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Persuasive ArgumentsSo you want to get people to think likeyou? One of the best ways to do this is to

present your argument in a way thatconvinces them your way is the rightway .In order to successfully argue your point,it is important that you not only showhow good your idea is, but you need to

refute the opposition. Research doneneeds to include topics and ideas that goagainst your argument.



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Setting up a persuasiveargument for either a

presentation or paper can takemany different forms.



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The following outline is simple, yeteffective strategy to present and defenda persuasive argument



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Introduction -

Inform the reader/listener aboutthe issue at hand.

State the facts that surround thesituation



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State your case - Discuss why your way is the best way. Share evidence and expert opinionssupporting your position .



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Examine and refute the opposition

It is vital that you recognize and discreditopposing views. Look for flaws, loopholes,and reasons to reject other suggestions. Ifthere are positive aspects of the opposing

view, point them out, but compare them tothe overall benefit of your case.



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Reconfirm your position - Now it is time to review the main points ofyour arguments. Be sure to address any

items that may have come while refutingthe opposition.



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Conclude that your position is superior -Be confident in your closing that your way,is indeed, the only way based upon all theinformation just provided.



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Persuasive Writingis



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Persuasive Writing is

known as creative writing or an argument,is a piece of writing in which the writeruses words to convince the reader that thewriter's opinion is correct with regard to anissue..



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Persuasive writing sometimes involvesconvincing the reader to perform an action,or it may simply consist of an argument orseveral arguments to align the reader withthe writers point of view. Persuasivewriting is one of the most commonly usedwriting types in the world



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.Persuasive writers employ many techniquesto improve their argument and show support

for their claim. Simply put, persuasivewriting is "an essay that offers and supports

an opinion



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How To Spot Hidden Stress /Issue In TheWorkplace



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Stress/issue in the workplace can make you feel overloaded and under-supported.

However, sometimes you dont even knowwhat is causing your workplace stress.Somethings not right, but you cant quite

pinpoint it. Stress in the workplace isusually caused by an inability to drawhealthy boundaries. Take a moment toreally think about this and then look atyour work day and see if any of thesesituations feel familiar



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Recognizing And Identifying Problems / Issue

The aim of this step is to teach the client how torecognize when a problem exists so they cancorrectly identify it and begin to solve it. This maysound obvious but is not always straightforward toachieve. When someone is used to either avoiding problems

or responding impulsively, their ability to firstrecognize a problem exists and then correctlyidentify what that problem is may be underdeveloped.

.



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There are three parts to this step:

Inviting a client to spontaneously reportcurrent problems- Problem listlearning how to track problemindicators Recognizing & identifying --problemsworksheetUsing a checklist------- Problem checklist



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The outcome is twofold. In therapy, itresults in generating a list of problem areaswith the client which will form the basis ofyour work together. More importantly, it

provides the client with the skills necessary for the ongoing real life task of problemrecognition and identification



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Selecting And Defining A Clear ProblemThe third step in problem solving therapy isto assist the client to select one clear

problem to work on and then define it.Defining a problem clearly is particularlyimportant because the more clearly a

problem is defined, the easier it is to find possible solutions.



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A woolly ( unclear) problem is likely toresult in fuzzy( Unclear) solutions. Cleardefinition is achieved by gathering all theavailable facts and writing them clearly

and objectively.



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Generating Solutions

After selecting and defining a problem towork on, the fourth step in problem solvingtherapy is to identify possible solutions, andbrainstorming is how we accomplish this. .



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Brainstorming is a method ofgenerating as many possibilities andalternative solutions to the problem athand without evaluating their potentialusefulness



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The reason for thinking of a lot of ideas is

to increase the likelihood of coming up withan effective solution. It involves asking theclient to come up with all the ideas theycan think of that could contribute tosolving the problem. The main criteria arethat each idea should be relevant to the

problem and have a chance of solving the problem or contributing to solving it



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Decision MakingOnce the client has identified a number of

potential solutions, the fifth step is

decision making. In this step the client looks in more depthat the solutions generated during thebrainstorm, and by weighing up the

advantages and disadvantages of potentialsolutions makes a decision about which oneto implement. The aim is to find a solutionthat will be effective.



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Some clients find the decision making stagedifficult, with potential solutions going roundand round in their minds. It can certainly bedifficult to know where to start when you havea large number of options before you. Theclinician's role is to teach the client asystematic way to sort through the alternativesolutions by using decision-making guidelines.This is achieved by first considering whetherthere are any solutions we can immediatelydiscard (initial selection).



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Then similar solutions are grouped together

to gain a sense of the range of optionsavailable (grouping solutions). Finally, theclient chooses two or three solutions theywould like to try out and evaluates them in

more depth (weighing the advantages anddisadvantages).



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Creating And Implementing A SMART ActionPlan

This step requires the client to create andthen implement, or carry out, an action plan. The action plan should outline thestep by step process the client will follow totransform their chosen solution/s intoconcrete action. Don't be afraid of askingthe client to go into an exacting level ofdetail. It is important to break the plandown into small, achievable steps.



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This detail is especially important in theearly stages of using problem solvingtherapy, or when the solution is complex ordifficult. Be sure to include a time target foreach step, and a review date, in any actionplan.



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Reviewing ProgressThe final step in problem solving therapy is toreview the client's progress with carrying out their

action plan. The purpose is to evaluate:

If they are underway with their planWhether the plan is having the desired impact onresolving the problemWhether any more needs to be done in relation tothe problemAny areas of the client's problem solving skills thatneed to be fine tuned



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HOW TO CREATEANARGUMENTARTIVE

THESIS



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Crafting an Arguable Thesis What is a thesis? Simply, a thesis is whatyou use to signal the reader as to:1) what your paper is going to argue;

2) how youre going to make that argument;and3) why it all matters (also known asanswering the so what? question.



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Writing Strong ArgumentPapers /THESIS

An argument or a persuasive paper has the power to make people change their mindsabout a topic, or allows them to reallyunderstand and accept your position as a validone. You know how strongly people feel abouttheir beliefs, so you can guess that writing a

paper that will command the readers respectis challenging. So, in order to make strongarguments and to have the power to persuade

people, follow some simple suggestions:



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Get Oriented:

1. Pick a topic you feel strongly about. Itdoesnt matter whether you agree with it,or disagree with it. Think of points on bothsides of the issue - the pros and the cons of

each topic.List some arguments from both sides andthen think about how your audience feelsabout each of these.



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Pick whichever side has the mostconvincing information - you might have tochange your mind and change your mainidea as you discover facts that you were notaware of as you started thinking about thetopic.



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2. Pay close attention to your audience.Think of what it believes in, and be

prepared to discuss some of the points thatwould be most interesting to this group.



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. Once you considered both sides, andconsidered the audience, then you areready to take one side. Believe that you areright, and prepare yourself well to defendyour thoughts. You will need good researchto do this!



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Make sure that there is reliableinformation available to support your

position.You will need facts, statistics, and reports

from sources you and your audience cantrust.Make sure that you study the other side as

well as you study your side. You don't wantany surprise facts that you can't defend toshow up after you finish your paper!



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. Be very well informed about the issueyou want to discuss. Issues have differentdimensions there is always a social, a

technical or scientific, an economic, oranother type of intellectual aspect youwill need to be aware of.



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Be clear about which part, or point of theissue you are focusing on.Anticipate objections and be prepared toaddress them.Think of the points about this issue wherethere is common ground - where you canagree with the other side



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Now You Can Start Writing

Assume that you will have many differentopinions among your audience. Your readers will judge the strength of your arguments. Write your paper to convince them that your side makes themost sense.



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. Right in your introduction , establishcredibility. Your readers need to know thatyou have studied the topic, that you arebeing open and fair-minded about it, andthat you can understand their points ofview. Here is a good place to address someof the points you have in common with theother side.



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3.Include your thesis at the end of theintroduction. 4. Support your thesis with the 3 strongestarguments you can find. These will be theoutline of your paper. 5. Back your arguments up with verystrong, specific evidence:



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Use facts and statisticsUse examplesBorrow power from experts give theircredentials, then cite their workLook for areas you and your opponents have incommon. Your opponents need to feel that theirideas are important, that they are intelligent

people. Think of the other side, explain their belief,and then find arguments that oppose this view.



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Organize your paper

Choose an academic model you feelcomfortable with:



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Model 1:

Introduction The other side, plus a transition back toyour side Your second strongest argument

Your weakest argument, in the middle Your strongest argument at the end Conclusion



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Model 2:

IntroductionStrongest argumentWeakest argumentSecond strongest argument at the end, anda transition to the other sideThe other sideConclusion



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Model 3:

IntroductionThe other side, then your side, thentransition back toThe other side, then your weakest point,

and a transition back toThe other side, then your strongest point atthe endConclusion

technical report writing chapter 10.pptx

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