Soil-Garden

Team Members

Siow Zi Hao (Group Leader) 1A2Regan Tan 1A2Ravn Teo 1A2Richie Chua 1A2

Group ID: 1004

What we will be covering in this powerpoint

Now, we will give you a brief description of our project!

So, what is a Rain Garden?A rain garden is a shallow depression that is usually positioned near ad own slope of a runoff source like a downspout, driveway, sump pump or roof.

This areas can encounter pollutants like oil, soil fertilisers, soap, pipe waste and sediments along its way to drains.

So a rain garden is need to protect water quality

A rain garden protects water quality by collecting runoff from these impervious areas.

Rain gardens are a cause effect of way to manage rainwater as it prevent pollutants and excessive amount of runoff water from reaching streams, lakes and other water way

It also reduces downstream flooding,increase ground water recharge, help sustain base water flow of streams

So, what is a Rain Garden?

A rain gardens can also add beauty to landscape and provide wildlife habitat.

Due to its shallow depression, a rain garden can absorb rainwater runoff.

This also prevents rainwater from encountering pollutants and at the same time, filter pollutants which are in the water

So, what is a Rain Garden?

A rain garden have level bottom to allow rain water to spread across entire surface,

This also allows rainwater to slow down and soak in so that it can be filter by the plants and soil within the rain gardens.

So, what is a Rain Garden?

This is how a rain garden works

Gravel

Soil made of manly sandy soil

Filtration layer

Water recharge zone

Experiment!

The Objective of our experiment

To find out which soil is retains the least amount of water

Hypothesis of our experiment

Sandy soil retains the least amount of water.

Items that we used in the experiment

3 Soils: clay, humus, sandy16 – 1.5 litres coke bottles 1 measuring cylinder1 stopwatch3 beakers1 laboratory thermometer10 filter cloth (tap filters)1 retort stand1 tripod stand

Our experimental set-up

Level at which soil is filled up to

Soil

Coke bottleMouth of bottle covered with filter cloth\

Retort stand to hold coke bottle

Beaker where water will be poured from

Filter funnel

Beaker for collection of water

28 degrees Celsius(Air-conditioner on)

Level at which soil is filled up to

Soil

Coke bottleMouth of bottle covered with filter cloth\

Retort stand to hold coke bottle

Beaker where water will be poured from

Filter funnel

Beaker for collection of water

Control set-up28 degrees celcius(Air-conditioner on)

Our experimental set-up

Independent variable: •Type of soil

Dependent variable: •Amount of water that will pass through soil

Controlled variables:•Size of hole in the container containing soil• Amount of water poured• Amount of soil• Size of containers• Duration of experiment

Variables

Procedures to carry out the experiment1. Firstly, label 3 - 1.5 Coke bottles with A, B and C.

2. Next, fill A, B and C with sandy soil, clayey soil and humus soil respectively

3. Pour 200 ml of water through the bottom of the A

4. Start the stopwatch at the same time.

5. Stop after 2 minutes and record the amount of water in the beaker

6. Repeat steps 3-5 two more times for A and 3 times each for B and C.

Our results

Sandy

Clayey

Humus

Control 150 ml ( all the water flowed through before 2 minutes)

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Average

80.0ml 79.0ml 81.0ml 80.0ml

62.0ml 60.0ml 59.0ml 60.5ml

38.0ml 33.0ml 35.0ml 35.5ml

Std deviation

1.00

1.53

2.52

std error

0.58

0.88

1.46

Graph

1st attempt 3rd attempt

30 ml

40ml

50ml

60ml

70ml

80ml

90ml

LEGEND - Humus

- Clayey soil

- Sandy soil

average

38ml33ml 35ml 35.5ml

62ml

79ml

59ml 60.5ml

80ml

60ml

81ml 80ml

20 ml

10 ml

0

100ml

140ml

120ml130ml

150ml

110ml

2nd attempt

- Control

150ml

Our results

Sandy

Clayey

Humus

Control 150 ml ( all the water flowed through before 2 minutes)

Reading 1 Reading 2 Reading 3 Average

80.0ml 79.0ml 81.0ml 80.0ml

62.0ml 60.0ml 59.0ml 60.5ml

38.0ml 33.0ml 35.0ml 35.5ml

Std deviation

1.00

1.53

2.52

std error

0.58

0.88

1.46

Graph

1st attempt 3rd attempt

30 ml

40ml

50ml

60ml

70ml

80ml

90ml

LEGEND - Humus

- Clayey soil

- Sandy soil

average

38ml33ml 35ml 35.5ml

62ml

79ml

59ml 60.5ml

80ml

60ml

81ml 80ml

20 ml

10 ml

0

100ml

140ml

120ml130ml

150ml

110ml

2nd attempt

- Control

150ml

Limitations of this experiment

• The temperature of the surroundings (Science Lab)

•The humidity of the room

•Angle at which the water is being poured

•Temperature of soil

•Exact same rate at which water is poured

Arrow chart

Data analysis

ConclusionFrom our experiment, we found out that water flows through Sandy soil at the highest rate as compared to the other soil types.

Therefore, Sandy soil should be used at a greatest amount than humus and clayey soil for the building of a rain garden.

Sandy soil is not used used only as there is hardly any water and nutrients in the soil, thus plants will not grow well.

ConclusionA little clayey soil is needed so the plants would not behave as if they were in a clay-bottomed pot and stay at the top layer soil and as a result, water would not move through the soil as fast as it should be.

A bit of humus is needed to provide some nutrients for the plants as sandy soil hardly contain any nutrients.

Although this 2 soils retain a lot of water, the rate of infiltration will not be greatly affected.

Thank you very much for your kind attention!

Sourceshttp://nricd.org/Lesson_7_Experiment.pdfhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-soil-drainage.htmhttp://www.for-wild.org/download/rainclay/rainclay.htmlhttp://organicgardening.about.com/od/soil/a/improveclaysoil.htmhttp://www.rain.org/global-garden/soil-types-and-testing.htmhttp://ag.arizona.edu/turf/tips1095.htmlhttp://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/exper1/exper1.htmhttp://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/soil/name_soil.htmlhttp://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/soil/name_soil.html