teaching toxicology through a laboratory safety program · 2. emergency response (8) 3....

TeachingToxicologythroughaLaboratorySafetyProgram

Halfadoctornearisbetterthanawholeonefaraway.- GermanProverb

BiennialConferenceonChemicalEducation

August1,2016Greeley,CO

DavidC.Finster,WittenbergUniversity


Context:

UsingLSCSinallcourseswithlabsatWittenberg

Coverall73sectionsdistributedineightchapters:

1.Principles,EthicsandPractice (10)2.EmergencyResponse(8)3.UnderstandingandCommunicatingaboutLaboratoryHazards(6)4.RecognizingLaboratoryHazards:ToxicSubstancesandBiologicalAgents(7)5.RecognizingLaboratoryHazards:PhysicalAgents(16)6.RiskAssessment(6)7.Minimizing,Controlling,andManagingHazards(13)8.ChemicalManagement:Inspections,Storage,WastesandSecurity(7)

Sectionsinbookare“layered”as:

Introductorytopics (genchem /introorganic)Intermediate (organic,“wet”analytical,biochem…)Advancedandresearch (inorganic,pchem,instrumentation,seminar…)

2


3

HighlightingSectionsinLSCSfocusingontoxicology

3.1.1 RoutesofExposuretoHazards 1

3.1.3FindingHazardInformation:MaterialSafetyDataSheets,SafetyDataSheets,andtheGHS 1

4.1.1 ConceptsinToxicology 1

4.1.2 MeasuringToxicity 1

4.1.3 AcuteToxicity 1

6.2.2 UnderstandingOccupationalExposureLimits(OEL) 1

6.1.2 ManagingRisk– MakingDecisionsaboutSafety 1

4.2.1 ChronicToxicity 2

4.3.1 Carcinogens 2

4.3.2 BiologicalHazardsandBloodborne Pathogens 2

1.3.3 LawsandRegulationsPertainingtoSafety 3/4

4.3.3 HazardsofNanomaterials 3/4


Purposeandgoals:

Exposuretogeneralconcepts.Briefreadings;briefdiscussions

Whatwe(can)know,andwhatisveryhardtoknow.eg,“Howdowemeasuretoxicity?”

Howtousethisinformationinriskassessmentandriskmanagementasapreludetoperforminganexperiment.

Howreliableandaccuratearethedata?Howdowerelyonthesedatainordertomakedecisionsaboutsafety?

Casualreferenceto“factoryconditions”(withregardtoOELdata).MSDSs/SDSsdesignedfor“largervolumes/amounts”toprotectworkers.

Excellenttopicsfor“criticalthinking”Whatdoweknowandwithwhatcertaintytodoweknowit?Whatdoweneedtoknowtomakeadecision?ThePrecautionaryPrinciple(EPA,FDA)

4


3.1.1 GenChem

RoutesofExposuretoHazards

Inhalation,dermal/eyes,ingestion,injectionFactorsdeterminingextentofharm:dose,exposurelength,state(g,l,s)

Howshouldyouprotectyourselfinthelabbasedonthesefactors?

5

Triflic acid [trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TA)]


3.1.3 GenChem

FindingHazardInformation:MaterialSafetyDataSheets,SafetyDataSheets,andtheGHS

Organizationofcategories:physical,health,environmental

Signalwords:“warning”and“danger”

6


4.1.1 GenChem

ConceptsinToxicology

Dose-responsecurvesandconceptsFactorsaffectingtoxicityAnimal-to-humantoxicityextrapolation

7


4.1.2 GenChem

MeasuringToxicity

LD50 /LC50“poisons”thresholds(NOAEL)(uncertaintiesindata)

OELs

8


4.1.3 GenChem

AcuteToxicity

Table4.1.3.1list

9


6.2.2 GenChem

UnderstandingOccupationalExposureLimits(OELs)

VariousOELstypesACGIH– TLVsOSHA– PELsNIOSH–RELs

10


6.1.2 GenChem

ManagingRisk– MakingDecisionaboutSafety

(First:6.1.1RiskAssessment)

“Whatissafe?”

TypesoflawsandregulationsZero-tolerance

DelanyClauseofFFDCA,1938Technology-based

Radon,4pCi/L;1/23,000Balancinglaws

SWDA,TSCA…

Risk-benefitanalysisBurdenofproof…

Manufacturer/providermustproveasubstanceissafe.Public/user/consumermustproveasubstanceisunsafe. 11


4.2.1 Organic

ChronicToxicity

Acute≠chronicEpidemiologyCasestudy:Hg

12

13


4.3.1 Organic

Carcinogens

DescribingcancerMutagensWorkingwithcarcinogens

Selectcarcinogens


1.3.3 Seminar

LawsandRegulationsPertainingtoSafety

CFR:OSHA/EPA

NRC

TSCA

1986 EmergencyPlanningandCommunityRight-to-KnowAct

1996:AntiterrorismandEffectiveDeathPenaltyAct(“SelectAgents”)

2007:DHS– ChemicalFacilityAnti-terrorismStandards 14


4.3.2 Biochem

BiologicalHazardsandBloodborne Pathogens

Viruses/bacteria≠chemicalsBBPs

15


4.3.3 PChem

HazardsofNanoaterials

Anewareaofconcern;uniqueproperties

16

Multi-walledCarbonNanotubePenetratingthePleuraoftheLung


Sincethisistheintroductiontotoxicologythroughthelensofasafetyprogramwedonotdiscuss…

DetailsoftoxicitytestingAbsorption,distribution,metabolism,eliminationoftoxicantsEnvironmentalfateoftoxicants

17


From:IdentifyingandEvaluatingHazardsinResearchLaboratories

http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/governance/committees/chemicalsafety/publications/identifying-and-evaluating-hazards-in-research-laboratories.pdf

(SeeCommitteeonChemicalSafetywebsite.)

TheFourStagesofCompetence,http://www.gordontraining.com/free-workplace-articles/learning-a-new-skill-is-easier-said-than-done/

1. Unconsciousincompetence: Youdon’tknowwhatyoudon’tknow.2. Consciousincompetence: Yourealizeyoudon’thaveadequateknowledge.3. Consciouscompetence: Youareabletofunctionsafelyandeffectively.4. Unconsciouscompetence: Youareveryknowledgeableandexperiencedregarding

thesubjectathand.

Thegoalofthiseffortinteachingtoxicologyistogetthemfrom1à 2,andalittleof3.

Discussion….18

teaching toxicology through a laboratory safety program · 2. emergency response (8) 3....

Documents