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Teaching the Smart GridWhy Data Management is Essential to the Future of

Electricity

Alexandra Nilles

July 31, 2013

Alexandra Nilles (WISE) Teaching the Smart Grid July 31, 2013 1 / 17

Outline

I What is the Electric Grid?I What is the Smart Grid?I The Importance of Data ManagementI Current Data PolicyI Policy OptionsI Recommendations


What is the Grid?

Source: US-Canada Power System Outage Task Force


What is the Grid?

I Mostly privatelyowned

I Energy Policy Act of1992: generationbecame a commodity

I New stresses:I New types of

generationI Long distance

transmission,increased power onlines


What is the Grid?


What is the Smart Grid?

I 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act: “Increaseduse of digital information and controls technology to improvereliability, security, and efficiency of the electric grid”

I Adding more sensors and controllable devices to the gridI Example: Updated meter communications


What is the Smart Grid?


The Importance of Data Management

I 2009 American Reinvestment and Recovery Act: $11 billionI 15.5 million smart meters by 2014I 1,000 new synchrophasors by 2014

I Transmit data on phase, frequency, and voltage/currentlevels 30 times a second

I 10,780 terabytes (TB) of new data created in 2010I 75,200 TB predicted in 2015I All of the info in Library of Congress = 15 TB!I Ideal use of data is to have real time response


The Importance of Data Management

I EfficiencyI 2012 survey of utilities found that vast majority are not using

this data in real timeI Privacy

I Electricity usage contains personal informationI Security

I Consumer data needs to be secureI Grid itself needs to be secure from potential attacks


Current Data Policy

I 2007 Energy Independence and Security ActI National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)I Smart Grid Interoperability Panel

I Public-private partnershipI Identification of voluntary, consensus-based standards

I Who makes/enforces the rules?


Jurisdiction

I Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)I Interstate electricity sales/transmission

I North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)I Can enforce standards using financial penalties

I Independent System Operators (ISO) & RegionalTransmission Organizations (RTO)


Jurisdiction


Policy Options: Voluntary Standards

I Encourage and coordinate voluntary, consensus-basedstandards

I Example: Smart Meter UpdatabilityI Hardware installed with stimulus money, without coherent

data analysis planI Need to be able to upgrade firmware remotely

I Varying levels of successI Differences between vendorsI Conformity assessment


Policy Options: Enforceable Standards

I FERC/NERC can use standards vetted by the SGIPI Example: Common Information Model

I IEC Standard, endorsed by SGIPI Specifies how information should be representedI Essential for communication, yet rarely usedI Corporate inertia, costs of updating IT infrastructure


Policy Options: Infrastructure Funding

I The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009(ARRA) provided funding for 15.5M new meters

I Technology needs to reach “critical mass”I Lots of ways to implement, some already being used

I GrantsI Tax creditsI Research funding

I Most difficult option to implement politically


Policy Recommendations

I Efficiency of Data ManagementI A CIM needs to be mandatory - use SGIP recommendationsI More standards, conformity assessment needed

I PrivacyI Strip as much identifying info as possibleI Persistence of dataI Give people access/control over own data

I SecurityI Condition of grid is a national security issueI Defense funding, expertise should be used


Questions?


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