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COMMON CORE

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• Grade 2 Pacing Guide• Reading Street Scope and Sequence• Teacher’s Edition Index

Glenview, IllinoisBoston, MassachusettsChandler, ArizonaUpper Saddle River, New Jersey

ISBN-13: 978-0-328-73414-6 ISBN-10: 0-328-73414-4

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V011 16 15 14 13 12

RDG13_ANC02_CCS_IND_CV.indd 1 12/07/12 5:00 PM

2

Week 19 Week 20 Week 21 Week 22 Week 23 Week 25 Week 26 Week 27 Week 28 Week 29 Week 31 Week 32 Week 33 Week 34 Week 35

Phonics Syllables C + le

Vowels oo, u (as in book)

Diphthongs ou, ow /ou/; oi, oy /oi/

Syllables CV, CVC

Vowels oo, ue, ew, ui (as in moon)

Suffixes -ly, -ful, -er, -ish, -or

Prefixes un-, re-, pre-, dis-

Silent Consonants

ph, gh/f/, ck, ng

Vowels aw, au, augh, al

Inflected Endings

Abbreviations Syllables -tion, -ture, -ion

Suffixes -ness, -less, -able, -ible

Prefixes mis-, mid-, micro-, non-

Comprehension Skill

Draw Conclusions

Sequence Fact and Opinion

Plot and Theme

Plot and Theme

Fact and Opinion

Cause and Effect

Plot and Theme

Character and Setting

Main Idea Compare and Contrast

Author’s Purpose

Draw Conclusions

Sequence Facts and Details

Comprehension Strategy

Background Knowledge

Important Ideas

Questioning Visualize Monitor and Clarify

Important Ideas

Visualize Background Knowledge

Story Structure

Inferring Monitor and Clarify

Summarize Questioning Text Structure

Predict and Set Purpose

Vocabulary Strategy/Skill

Context Clues/ Multiple-Meaning Words

Context Clues/ Antonyms

Word Structure/Suffixes

Context Clues/Multiple-Meaning Words

Word Structure/Prefixes

Word Structure/Suffix -ly

Dictionary-Glossary/Dictionary Skills

Dictionary/ Classify and Categorize

Word Structure/Compound Words


Context Clues/ Homophones


Context Clues/Words from Other Languages

Context Clues/Unfamiliar Words

Dictionary/Multiple-Meaning Words

Fluency Accuracy and Appropriate Rate

Read with Accuracy

Appropriate Phrasing

Expression Read with Expression/Intonation

Read with Accuracy

Accuracy and Appropriate Rate

Read with Expression/Intonation

Expression Appropriate Phrasing


Read with Accuracy





Phonics Short Vowels and Consonants

Long Vowels CVCe

Consonant Blends

Inflected Endings

Consonant Digraphs

r-Controlled ar, or, ore, oar

Contractions r-Controlled er, ir, ur

Plurals Long a: a, ai, ay

Long e: e, ee, ea, y

Long o: o, oa, ow

Compound Words

Long i: i, ie, igh, y

Comparative Endings

High-Frequency Words

someone, somewhere, friend, country, beautiful, front

everywhere, live, work, woman, machines, move, world

couldn’t, love, build, mother, bear, father, straight

water, eyes, early, animals, full, warm

together, very, learn, often, though, gone, pieces

family, once, pull, listen, heard, break

laugh, great, you’re, either, certainly, second, worst

enough, toward, above, ago, word, whole

people, sign, shall, bought, probably, pleasant, scared

door, behind, brought, minute, promise, sorry, everybody

science, shoe, won, guess, village, pretty, watch

picture, school, answer, wash, parents, company, faraway

today, whatever, caught, believe, been, finally, tomorrow

their, many, alone, buy, half, youngest, daughters

only, question, clothes, money, hours, neighbor, taught

Comprehension Skill


Main Idea Character and Setting

Main Idea Facts and Details

Cause and Effect

Author’s Purpose

Facts and Details

Cause and Effect

Compare and Contrast

Author’s Purpose

Draw Conclusions




Monitor and Clarify

Text Structure

Story Structure

Important Ideas


Summarize Text Structure


Story Structure

Inferring Questioning Visualize Summarize Predict and Set Purpose

Inferring

Fluency Appropriate Rate

Read with Accuracy





Expression Read with Appropriate Phrasing

Expression Accuracy Read with Appropriate Rate



Read with Expression and Intonation

Unit 1 Unit 2

Pacing

Unit 5Unit 4

BaCk to SCHool!

R e a D i n G

Week 6

Optional Unit Review W

eek 24 Optional Unit Review

i t ’ S t e S t t i m e ! W H e n i S y o U R S t a t e t e S t ?

RDG13_ANC02_CCS_INDEX_PC.indd 2 6/28/12 8:06:02 PM

3

How do i cover all the skills before the test?This chart shows the instructional sequence from Scott Foresman Reading Street. You can use this pacing guide as is to ensure you’re following a comprehensive scope and sequence, or you can adjust the sequence to match your school/district focus calendar, curriculum map, or testing schedule.


Phonics Syllables C + le

Vowels oo, u (as in book)

Diphthongs ou, ow /ou/; oi, oy /oi/

Syllables CV, CVC

Vowels oo, ue, ew, ui (as in moon)

Suffixes -ly, -ful, -er, -ish, -or

Prefixes un-, re-, pre-, dis-

Silent Consonants

ph, gh/f/, ck, ng

Vowels aw, au, augh, al

Inflected Endings

Abbreviations Syllables -tion, -ture, -ion

Suffixes -ness, -less, -able, -ible

Prefixes mis-, mid-, micro-, non-

Comprehension Skill

Draw Conclusions


Plot and Theme

Plot and Theme

Fact and Opinion

Cause and Effect

Plot and Theme


Main Idea Compare and Contrast

Author’s Purpose

Draw Conclusions

Sequence Facts and Details



Important Ideas

Questioning Visualize Monitor and Clarify

Important Ideas

Visualize Background Knowledge

Story Structure

Inferring Monitor and Clarify

Summarize Questioning Text Structure


Vocabulary Strategy/Skill


Context Clues/ Antonyms


Context Clues/Multiple-Meaning Words

Word Structure/Prefixes

Word Structure/Suffix -ly

Dictionary-Glossary/Dictionary Skills

Dictionary/ Classify and Categorize

Word Structure/Compound Words


Context Clues/ Homophones


Context Clues/Words from Other Languages

Context Clues/Unfamiliar Words

Dictionary/Multiple-Meaning Words

Fluency Accuracy and Appropriate Rate

Read with Accuracy


Expression Read with Expression/Intonation

Read with Accuracy





Read with Accuracy





Phonics Short Vowels and Consonants

Long Vowels CVCe

Consonant Blends

Inflected Endings

Consonant Digraphs

r-Controlled ar, or, ore, oar

Contractions r-Controlled er, ir, ur

Plurals Long a: a, ai, ay

Long e: e, ee, ea, y

Long o: o, oa, ow

Compound Words

Long i: i, ie, igh, y

Comparative Endings

High-Frequency Words

someone, somewhere, friend, country, beautiful, front

everywhere, live, work, woman, machines, move, world

couldn’t, love, build, mother, bear, father, straight

water, eyes, early, animals, full, warm

together, very, learn, often, though, gone, pieces

family, once, pull, listen, heard, break

laugh, great, you’re, either, certainly, second, worst

enough, toward, above, ago, word, whole

people, sign, shall, bought, probably, pleasant, scared

door, behind, brought, minute, promise, sorry, everybody

science, shoe, won, guess, village, pretty, watch

picture, school, answer, wash, parents, company, faraway

today, whatever, caught, believe, been, finally, tomorrow

their, many, alone, buy, half, youngest, daughters

only, question, clothes, money, hours, neighbor, taught

Comprehension Skill


Main Idea Character and Setting

Main Idea Facts and Details

Cause and Effect

Author’s Purpose

Facts and Details

Cause and Effect


Author’s Purpose

Draw Conclusions




Monitor and Clarify

Text Structure

Story Structure

Important Ideas


Summarize Text Structure


Story Structure

Inferring Questioning Visualize Summarize Predict and Set Purpose

Inferring

Fluency Appropriate Rate

Read with Accuracy





Expression Read with Appropriate Phrasing

Expression Accuracy Read with Appropriate Rate



Read with Expression and Intonation

Unit 6

Unit 3

Week 12

Optional Unit Review

Week 18


Week 30


Week 36




4


Speaking and listening

Media Literacy: Media Techniques

Make an Announcement

Speak Well Media Literacy: Media Techniques

Give an Oral Summary

Media Literacy: Identify Cultural Characteristics

Give a Demon-stration

Listen for Facts and Opinions

Maintain Focus in a Narrative Presentation

Speak to Your Audience

Use Vocabulary to Express Ideas

Evaluate Ads Listen to a Description

Media Literacy: Identify Conventions

Listen for Speaker’s Purpose

Research and Study Skills

Thesaurus Personal Sources

Diagram E-mail Natural and Personal Sources

Online Directory

Bar Graph Online Reference Sources

Tables Evaluate Online Sources

Globe Chart Interview a Natural Source

Schedules Interview a Natural Source

Conventions Adjectives and Our Senses

Adjectives for Number, Size, and Shape

Adjectives That Compare

Adverbs That Tell When and Where

Adverbs That Tell How

Pronouns Singular and Plural Pronouns

Using I and Me

Different Kinds of Pronouns

Contractions Capital Letters

Quotation Marks

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

Commas Commas in Compound Sentences

Weekly Writing/ trait of the Week

Friendly Letter/ Organization

Expository Nonfiction/Word Choice

Short Expository Report/ Sentences

Narrative Poem/ Voice

Thank-You Note/ Focus/Ideas

Narrative Nonfiction/Word Choice

Realistic Story/ Organization

Journal Entry/Voice

Animal Fantasy/ Conventions

Humorous Fiction/ Sentences

Realistic Fiction/ Organization

Descriptive Poem or Song/ Voice

Invitation Letter/ Sentences

Compare-Contrast Text/ Focus/Ideas

Persuasive Statement/Word Choice

Unit Writing Description/E-Newsletter Persuasive Letter/Interview Research Report/Blog



Why We Speak/Why We Listen

Be a Good Speaker/ Listener

Media Literacy: Purposes of Media

Narrate in Sequence

Dramatize Give and Follow Directions


Ask and Answer Questions


Give and Follow Directions

Make Introductions

Solve Problems

Summarize Information

Give a Description



Media Center/ Library

Reference Sources

Personal Sources

Parts of a Book

Maps Notes Timeline Chapter Headings

Encyclopedia Read a Web Page

Picture-Graph

Newspapers and Periodicals

Interview Alphabetized Index

Search Internet

Conventions Sentences Subjects Predicates Statements and Questions

Commands and Exclamations

Nouns Proper Nouns Singular and Plural Nouns

Plural Nouns That Change Spelling

Possessive Nouns

Verbs Verbs with Singular and Plural Nouns

Verbs for Past, Present, and Future

More About Verbs

Verbs: Am, Is, Are, Was, and Were


Personal Narrative/Conventions

Expository Nonfiction/ Sentences


Brief Report/Word Choice

Play Scene/Conventions

Narrative Nonfiction/ Voice

Biography/ Focus/Ideas


Fairy Tale/Organization

Folk Tale/ Sentences

Animal Fantasy/Voice

Friendly Letter/ Focus/Idea

Narrative Poem/ Conventions

Realistic Fiction/ Word Choice

Review/ Organization

Unit Writing Personal Narrative/Poetry Book Directions/Pen Pal E-mail Compare and Contrast Essay/Story Exchange

Unit 1 Unit 2

Pacing

Unit 5Unit 4

BaCk to SCHool!

l a n G U a G e a R t S

Week 6

Optional Unit Review W

eek 24 Optional Unit Review



5




Make an Announcement

Speak Well Media Literacy: Media Techniques

Give an Oral Summary

Media Literacy: Identify Cultural Characteristics

Give a Demon-stration

Listen for Facts and Opinions

Maintain Focus in a Narrative Presentation

Speak to Your Audience

Use Vocabulary to Express Ideas

Evaluate Ads Listen to a Description

Media Literacy: Identify Conventions

Listen for Speaker’s Purpose


Thesaurus Personal Sources

Diagram E-mail Natural and Personal Sources

Online Directory

Bar Graph Online Reference Sources

Tables Evaluate Online Sources

Globe Chart Interview a Natural Source

Schedules Interview a Natural Source

Conventions Adjectives and Our Senses

Adjectives for Number, Size, and Shape

Adjectives That Compare

Adverbs That Tell When and Where

Adverbs That Tell How

Pronouns Singular and Plural Pronouns

Using I and Me

Different Kinds of Pronouns

Contractions Capital Letters

Quotation Marks

Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

Commas Commas in Compound Sentences


Friendly Letter/ Organization


Short Expository Report/ Sentences

Narrative Poem/ Voice

Thank-You Note/ Focus/Ideas

Narrative Nonfiction/Word Choice

Realistic Story/ Organization

Journal Entry/Voice

Animal Fantasy/ Conventions

Humorous Fiction/ Sentences


Descriptive Poem or Song/ Voice

Invitation Letter/ Sentences

Compare-Contrast Text/ Focus/Ideas

Persuasive Statement/Word Choice

Unit Writing Description/E-Newsletter Persuasive Letter/Interview Research Report/Blog



Why We Speak/Why We Listen

Be a Good Speaker/ Listener


Narrate in Sequence

Dramatize Give and Follow Directions


Ask and Answer Questions


Give and Follow Directions

Make Introductions

Solve Problems

Summarize Information

Give a Description



Media Center/ Library

Reference Sources

Personal Sources

Parts of a Book

Maps Notes Timeline Chapter Headings

Encyclopedia Read a Web Page

Picture-Graph

Newspapers and Periodicals

Interview Alphabetized Index

Search Internet

Conventions Sentences Subjects Predicates Statements and Questions

Commands and Exclamations

Nouns Proper Nouns Singular and Plural Nouns

Plural Nouns That Change Spelling

Possessive Nouns

Verbs Verbs with Singular and Plural Nouns

Verbs for Past, Present, and Future

More About Verbs

Verbs: Am, Is, Are, Was, and Were


Personal Narrative/Conventions

Expository Nonfiction/ Sentences


Brief Report/Word Choice

Play Scene/Conventions

Narrative Nonfiction/ Voice

Biography/ Focus/Ideas


Fairy Tale/Organization

Folk Tale/ Sentences

Animal Fantasy/Voice

Friendly Letter/ Focus/Idea

Narrative Poem/ Conventions

Realistic Fiction/ Word Choice

Review/ Organization

Unit Writing Personal Narrative/Poetry Book Directions/Pen Pal E-mail Compare and Contrast Essay/Story Exchange

Unit 6

Unit 3

Week 12


Week 18


Week 30


Week 36




• instructional opportunity T tested in standardized test format

Scope and SequenceReadingConcepts About Print Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Hold book right side up, turn pages correctly, move from front to back of book • • •

Identify parts of a book and their functions (front cover, title page/title, back cover, page numbers) • • •

Identify information that different parts of a book provides (title, author, illustrator) • • • •

Know uppercase and lowercase letter names and match them • • •

Know the order of the alphabet • • •

Demonstrate one-to-one correspondence between oral words and printed words • •

Identify and distinguish between letters, words, and sentences • • •

Recognize distinguishing features of a paragraph • •

Recognize environmental print • • •

Track print (front to back of book, top to bottom of page, left to right on line, sweep back left for next line) • • •

Recognize first name in print • • •

Phonological and Phonemic Awareness Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Phonological AwarenessIdentify and produce rhyming words in response to an oral prompt • • •

Distinguish rhyming pairs of words from nonrhyming pairs • •

Track and represent changes in simple syllables and words with two and three sounds as one sound is added, substituted, omitted, or changed • •

Count each syllable in a spoken word • •

Segment and blend syllables in spoken words •

Segment and blend onset and rime in one-syllable words • •

Recognize and produce words beginning with the same sound • • •

Phonemic AwarenessIdentify and isolate initial, final, and medial sounds in spoken words • • • •

Blend sounds orally to make words or syllables • • •

Segment a word or syllable into sounds • • •

Count sounds in spoken words or syllables and syllables in words • • •

Manipulate sounds in words (add, delete, and/or substitute phonemes) • • • •

Distinguish long- and short-vowel sounds in orally stated single-syllable words •

Decoding and Word Recognition Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Read simple one-syllable and high-frequency (sight) words • T • T • T •

PhonicsUnderstand and apply the alphabetic principle that spoken words are composed of sounds that are represented by letters; as letters change, so do sounds • • •

Know sound-letter relationships and match sounds to letters • T • T •

Generate sounds from letters and blend those sounds to decode • • T • T • T

Consonants, consonant blends, and consonant digraphs • • T • T • T

Short and long vowels • • T • T • T

r-controlled vowels; vowel digraphs; diphthongs; common vowel patterns • T • T • T

Phonograms/word families • • •

6

RDG13_ANC02_CCS_INDEX.indd 6 2/24/12 10:57:10 PM


Decoding and Word Recognition continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Word StructureDecode multisyllabic words with common word parts and spelling patterns • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Base words and inflected endings; plurals • T • T • T • T • T • T

Contractions and compound words • T • T • T • T • T • T

Prefixes and suffixes • T • T • T • T • T • T

Greek and Latin roots • • •

Apply knowledge of syllabication rules to decode words • T • T • T • T • T • T

Recognize common abbreviations • • •

Decoding StrategiesBlending strategy: Apply knowledge of sound-letter relationships to decode unfamiliar words • • • •

Apply knowledge of word structure to decode unfamiliar words • • • • • • •

Use context along with sound-letter relationships and word structure to decode • • • • • • •

Self-monitor accuracy of decoding and self-correct • • • • • •

FluencyRead aloud grade level text fluently with accuracy, comprehension, appropriate pace/rate; with expression/intonation (prosody); with attention to punctuation and appropriate phrasing

• T • T • T • T • T • T

Practice fluency in a variety of ways, including choral reading, partner/paired reading, Readers’ Theater, repeated oral reading, and tape-assisted reading • • • • • • •

Work toward appropriate fluency goals by the end of each grade • • • • • •

Read regularly and with comprehension in independent-level material • • • • • • •

Read silently for increasing periods of time • • • • • • •

Vocabulary and Concept Development Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Recognize and understand selection vocabulary • • • T • T • T • T • T

Understand content-area vocabulary and specialized, technical, or topical words • • • • • •

Word Learning StrategiesDevelop vocabulary through direct instruction, concrete experiences, reading, listening to text read aloud • • • • • • • •

Use knowledge of word structure to figure out meanings of words • • T • T • T • T • T

Use context clues for meanings of unfamiliar words, multiple-meaning words, homonyms, homographs • • T • T • T • T • T

Use grade-appropriate reference sources to learn word meanings • • • • • T • T • T • T

Use picture clues to help determine word meanings • • • • •

Use new words in a variety of contexts • • • • • • • •

Create and use graphic organizers to group, study, and retain vocabulary • • • • • •

Monitor expository text for unknown words or words with novel meanings by using word, sentence, and paragraph clues to determine meaning • • •

Extend Concepts and Word KnowledgeAcademic language • • • • • • • •

Classify and categorize • • • • • • • •

Abbreviations • • • •

Antonyms and synonyms • • T • T • T • T • T

Prefixes and suffixes • • • • • • T

7



Vocabulary and Concept Development continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Homographs and homophones • • T • T • T • T

Multiple-meaning words • • T • T • T • T • T

Related words and derivations • • • •

Compound words • • • • • •

Figurative language and idioms • • • • • •

Descriptive words (location, size, color, shape, number, ideas, feelings) • • • •

High-utility words (shapes, colors, question words, position/directional words, and so on) • • • •

Time and order words • • • • • • • •

Word origins: etymologies/word histories; words from other languages, regions, or cultures • • • •

Adages and sayings •

Analogies • • •

Reading Comprehension Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Comprehension StrategiesPredict and set purpose to guide reading • • • • • • • •

Use background knowledge before, during, and after reading • • • • • • • •

Monitor and clarify by using fix-up strategies to resolve difficulties in meaning: adjust reading rate, reread and read on, seek help from references sources and/or other people, skim and scan

• • • • • • •

Inferring • • • • • • •

Questioning before, during, and after reading • • • • • • • •

Visualize—use mental imagery • • • • • •

Summarize text • • • • • • •

Recall and retell stories • • • • • • • •

Important ideas (nonfiction) that provide clues to an author’s meaning • • • • • •

Text structure (nonfiction—such as cause/effect, chronological, compare/ contrast, description) • • • • • • •

Story structure (fiction—such as plot, problem/solution) • • • • • • •

Create and use graphic and semantic organizers, including outlines, notes, summaries • • • • • •

Use strategies flexibly and in combination • • • • • •

Comprehension SkillsAuthor’s purpose • T • T • T • T • T • T

Author’s viewpoint/bias • T • T

Categorize and classify • • • •

Cause and effect • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Compare and contrast • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Draw conclusions and make inferences • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Facts and details • • T • T • • • • T

Fact and opinion (statements of fact and opinion) • T • T • T • T • T • T

Follow directions/steps in a process • • • • • • • •

Generalize • T • T • T •

8



Reading Comprehension continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Graphic sources (illustrations, photos, maps, charts, graphs, font styles, etc.) • • • • • T • T • T

Main idea and supporting details • T • T • T • T • T • T • T

Paraphrase • • • • •

Persuasive devices and propaganda • • • •

Realism/fantasy • • T • T

Sequence of events • • T • T • T • T • T • T • T

Higher Order Thinking SkillsAnalyze • • • • •

Analyze text with various organizational patterns • • • •

Describe and connect the essential ideas, arguments, and perspectives of a text • • • • • •

Evaluate and critique ideas and text • • • • • •

Draw inferences, conclusions, or generalizations; support them with textual evidence and prior knowledge • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Make judgments about ideas and texts • • • • • •

Hypothesize • • • •

Make connections (text to self, text to text, text to world) • • • • • • • •

Organize and synthesize ideas and information • • • • • • T

Literary Response and Analysis Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Genre and Its CharacteristicsIdentify types of everyday print materials (storybooks, poems, newspapers, signs, labels) • • • • • • • •

Recognize characteristics of a variety of genre • • • • • • • •

Distinguish common forms of literature • • • • • • •

Identify characteristics of literary texts, including drama, fantasy, traditional tales • • • • • • •

Identify characteristics of nonfiction texts, including biography, interviews, newspaper articles • • • • • • •

Identify characteristics of poetry and song, including nursery rhymes, limericks, blank verse • • • • • • • •

Literary Elements and Story StructureCharacter • • T • T • T • T • T • T • T

Recognize and describe traits, actions, feelings, and motives of characters • • • • • • •

Analyze characters’ relationships, changes, and points of view • • • • • • •

Analyze characters’ conflicts • • • • •

Analyze the effect of character on plot and conflict • • • •Plot and Plot Structure • • T • T • T • T • T • T • T

Beginning, middle, end • • • • • •

Goal and outcome or problem and solution/resolution • • • • • • •

Rising action, climax, and falling action/denouement; setbacks • • •Setting • • T • T • T • T • T • T • T

Relate setting to problem/solution • • • • • • •

Explain ways setting contributes to mood • • •Theme • T • T • T • T • T

9



Literary Response and Analysis continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Use Literary Elements and Story Structure • • • • • • • •

Analyze and evaluate author’s use of setting, plot, character, and compare among authors • • • • •

Identify similarities and differences of characters, events, and settings within or across selections/cultures • • • • • • •

Literary DevicesDialect • • •

Dialogue and narration • • • • • • •

Identify the speaker or narrator in a selection • • • • • •

Exaggeration/hyperbole • • • • •

Figurative language: idiom, jargon, metaphor, simile, slang • • • • •

Flashback • • •

Foreshadowing • • • • •

Formal and informal language • • • • •

Humor • • • • •

Imagery and sensory words • • • • • •

Mood • • • • •

Personification • • •

Point of view (first-person, third-person, omniscient) • • • •

Puns and word play • • • •

Sound devices and poetic elements • • • • • • • •

Alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia • • • • • • • •

Rhyme, rhythm, repetition, and cadence • • • • • • • •

Word choice • • • • • • •

Symbolism • •

Tone • • •

Author’s and Illustrator’s CraftDistinguish the roles of author and illustrator • • • •

Recognize/analyze author’s and illustrator’s craft or style • • • • • •

Evaluate author’s use of various techniques to influence readers’ perspectives • • •

Literary ResponseRecollect, talk, and write about books • • • • • • • •

Reflect on reading and respond (through talk, movement, art, and so on) • • • • • • • •

Ask and answer questions about text • • • • • • • •

Write about what is read • • • • • • •

Use evidence from the text to support opinions, interpretations, or conclusions • • • • • • •

Support ideas through reference to other texts and personal knowledge • • • • •

Locate materials on related topic, theme, or idea • • • • •

Make connections: text to self, text to text, text to world • • • • • •

Offer observations, react, speculate in response to text • • • • •

10



Literary Response and Analysis continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Literary Appreciation/MotivationShow an interest in books and reading; engage voluntarily in social interaction about books • • • • • • • •

Choose text by drawing on personal interests, relying on knowledge of authors and genres, estimating text difficulty, and using recommendations of others • • • • • • • •

Read a variety of grade-level-appropriate narrative and expository texts • • • • • • •

Read from a wide variety of genres for a variety of purposes • • • • • • •

Read independently • • • • • • •

Establish familiarity with a topic • • • • • • •

Cultural AwarenessComprehend basic plots of classic tales from around the world • • • • • •

Compare and contrast tales from different cultures • • • • • •

Develop attitudes and abilities to interact with diverse groups and cultures • • • • • • • •

Connect experiences and ideas with those from a variety of languages, cultures, customs, perspectives • • • • • • • •

Compare language and oral traditions (family stories) that reflect customs, regions, and cultures • • • • • • •

Recognize themes that cross cultures and bind them together in their common humanness • • • • • • •

Language ArtsWriting Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Concepts About Print for WritingWrite uppercase and lowercase letters • •

Print own name and other important words • • •

Write using pictures, some letters, some phonetically spelled words, and transitional spelling to convey meaning • • •

Write consonant-vowel-consonant words • •

Dictate messages or stories for others to write • • •

Create own written texts for others to read; write left to right on a line and top to bottom on a page • • •

Participate in shared and interactive writing • • •

Traits of WritingFocus/Ideas • • • • • • •

State a clear purpose and maintain focus; sharpen ideas • • • • • • •

Use sensory details and concrete examples; elaborate • • • • • •

Delete extraneous information • • • • • •

Use strategies, such as tone, style, consistent point of view, to achieve a sense of completeness • • •

Organization • • • • • T • T • T

Use graphic organizers to group ideas • • • • • • • •

Write coherent paragraphs that develop a central idea and have topic sentences and facts and details • • • • • •

Use transitions to connect sentences and paragraphs and establish coherence • • • • • •

11



Writing continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Select an organizational structure, such as comparison and contrast, categories, spatial order, climactic order, based on purpose, audience, length • •

Organize ideas in a logical progression, such as chronological order or order of importance • • • • • • • •

Write introductory, supporting, and concluding paragraphs • • • •

Use strategies of note-taking, outlining, and summarizing to impose structure on composition drafts • • • •

Write a multi-paragraph paper • • • • •Voice • • • • • •

Develop personal, identifiable voice and an individual tone/style • • • • • •

Maintain consistent voice and point of view • • •

Use voice appropriate to audience, message, and purpose • • •Word Choice • • • • T • T • T • T

Use clear, precise, appropriate language • • • • • • •

Use figurative language and vivid words • • • • • •

Use sensory details, imagery, characterization • • • • •

Select effective vocabulary using word walls, dictionary, or thesaurus • • • • • • •Sentences • • • • T • T • T • T

Combine, elaborate, and vary sentences • • • • • T • T • T • T

Write topic sentence, supporting sentences with facts and details, and concluding sentence • • • • • •

Use correct word order • • • • • • •Conventions • • • • T • T • T • T

Use correct spelling and grammar; capitalize and punctuate correctly • • • • • • •

Correct sentence fragments and run-ons • • • • •

Use correct paragraph indentation • • • • • •

The Writing ProcessPrewrite using various strategies • • • • • • • •

Develop first drafts of single- and multiple-paragraph compositions • • • • • • •

Revise drafts for varied purposes, including to clarify and to achieve purpose, sense of audience, improve focus and coherence, precise word choice, vivid images, and elaboration

• • • • • • •

Edit and proofread for correct conventions (spelling, grammar, usage, and mechanics) • • • • • • •

Publish own work • • • • • • • •

Writing GenresNarrative writing (such as personal narratives, stories, biographies, autobiographies) • • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Expository writing (such as comparison and contrast, problem and solution, essays, directions, explanations, news stories, research reports, summaries) • • • T • T • T • T • T

Descriptive writing (such as labels, captions, lists, plays, poems, response logs, songs) • • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Argument/Persuasive writing (such as ads, editorials, essays, letters to the editor, opinions, posters) • • • T • T • T • T • T

Notes and letters (such as personal, formal, and friendly letters, thank-you notes, and invitations) • • • • • • •

12



Writing continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Responses to literature • • • • • •

Writing Habits and PracticesWrite on a daily basis • • • • • • • •

Use writing as a tool for learning • • • • • • •

Write independently for extended periods of time • • • • • •

PenmanshipGain increasing control of penmanship, including pencil grip, paper position, posture, stroke • • • •

Write legibly, with control over letter size and form; letter slant; and letter, word, and sentence spacing • • • • • • •

Write lowercase and uppercase letters • • • • • • • •

Manuscript • • • • • • • •

Cursive • • • • •

Write numerals • • •

Written and Oral English Language Conventions Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Grammar and Usage in Speaking and WritingSentences

Correct word order in written sentences • • •

Types (declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative) • • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Structure (complete, incomplete, simple, compound, complex, compound-complex) • • • • T • T • T • T • T

Parts (subjects/predicates: complete, simple, compound; phrases; clauses) • • T • T • T • T • T

Fragments and run-on sentences • • • • • • •

Combine and rearrange sentences; use appositives, participial phrases, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases • • • • • •

Transitions and conjunctions to connect ideas; independent and dependent clauses • • • • • •

Varied sentence types and sentence openings to present effective style • • •

Parts of speech: nouns (singular and plural), verbs and verb tenses, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns and antecedents, conjunctions, prepositions, interjections, articles

• • • T • T • T • T • T

Contractions • • T • T • T • T • T

Usage

Subject-verb agreement • • • T • T • T • T • T

Pronoun agreement/referents • • • T • T • T • T

Misplaced modifiers • •

Misused words • • •

Negatives; avoid double negatives • • • •

Mechanics in WritingCapitalization (first word in sentence, proper nouns and adjectives, pronoun I, titles, months, days of the week, holidays, and so on) • • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation mark, apostrophe, comma, quotation marks, parentheses, colon, and so on) • • T • T • T • T • T • T

13



Written and Oral English Language Conventions continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6SpellingSpell independently by using pre-phonetic knowledge, knowledge of letter names, sounds of the alphabet • • • T • • • • •

Consonants: single, double, blends, digraphs, silent letters, and unusual consonant spellings • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Vowels: short, long, r-controlled, digraphs, diphthongs, less-common vowel patterns, schwa • • T • T • T • T • T • T

Use knowledge of word structure to spell • • • • • •

Base words and affixes (inflections, prefixes, suffixes), possessives, contractions, and compound words • • T • T • T • T • T

Greek and Latin roots, syllable patterns, multisyllabic words • • • • • •

Spell high-frequency, irregular words • T • T • • • •

Spell frequently misspelled words correctly, including homophones or homonyms • • • • • •

Use meaning relationships to spell • • • •

Listening and Speaking Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Listening Skills and StrategiesListen to a variety of presentations attentively and politely • • • • • • • •

Self-monitor comprehension while listening, using a variety of skills and strategies, e.g., ask questions • • • • • • • •

Listen for a purpose

For enjoyment and appreciation • • • • • • • •

To expand vocabulary and concepts • • • • • • • •

To obtain information and ideas • • • • • • • •

To follow oral directions • • • • • • • •

To answer questions and solve problems • • • • • • • •

To participate in group discussions • • • • • • • •

To identify and analyze the musical elements of literary language • • • • • • • •

To gain knowledge of one’s own culture, the culture of others, and the common elements of cultures • • • • • • • •

To respond to persuasive messages with questions or affirmations • • •

Determine purpose of listening • • • • • •

Recognize formal and informal language • • • • • •

Connect prior experiences to those of a speaker • • • • • • • •

Listen critically to distinguish fact from opinion and to analyze and evaluate ideas, information, experiences • • • • • • •

Paraphrase, retell, or summarize information that has been shared orally • • • • • •

Evaluate a speaker’s delivery; identify tone, mood, and emotion • • • • •

Interpret and critique a speaker’s purpose, perspective, persuasive techniques, verbal and nonverbal messages, and use of rhetorical devices; draw conclusions • • • •

Speaking Skills and StrategiesSpeak clearly, accurately, and fluently, using appropriate delivery for a variety of audiences, and purposes; sustain audience interest, attention • • • • • • • •

Use proper intonation, volume, pitch, modulation, and phrasing • • • • • • •

Speak with a command of standard English conventions • • • • • • • •

Use appropriate language for formal and informal settings • • • • • • • •

14



Listening and Speaking continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Use visual aids to clarify oral presentations • • • • • • • •

Organize ideas and convey information in a logical sequence or structure with a beginning, middle, and end and an effective introduction and conclusion • • • • • •

Support opinions with detailed evidence and with visual or media displays • • • •

Emphasize key points to assist listener • • •

Speak for a purpose

To ask and answer questions • • • • • • • •

To give directions and instructions • • • • • • • •

To retell, paraphrase, or explain information • • • • • • • •

To communicate needs and share ideas and experiences • • • • • • • •

To describe people, places, things, locations, events, and actions • • • • • •

To participate in conversations and discussions • • • • • • • •

To express an opinion • • • • • • • •

To recite poems or songs or deliver dramatic recitations, interpretations, or performances • • • • • • • •

To deliver oral responses to literature • • • • • • • •

To deliver presentations or oral reports (narrative, descriptive, persuasive, problems and solutions, and informational based on research) • • • • • • • •

Stay on topic; maintain a clear focus • • • • • • • •

Support spoken ideas with details and examples • • • • • •

Use appropriate verbal and nonverbal elements (such as facial expression, gestures, eye contact, posture) • • • • • • • •

Viewing/Media Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Interact with and respond to a variety of media for a range of purposes • • • • • • • •

Compare and contrast print, visual, and electronic media • • • • •

Analyze media • • •

Evaluate media • • • • • •

Recognize bias and propaganda in media message • • • •

Recognize purpose and persuasion in media messages • • • • • •

Research SkillsUnderstand and Use Graphic Sources Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Advertisement • • • • • •

Chart/table • • • • • • • •

Diagram/scale drawing • • • • • •

Graph (bar, circle, line, picture) • • • • • • •

Illustration, photograph, caption, label • • • • • • • •

Map/globe • • • • • • • •

Poster/announcement • • • • • • • •

Schedule • • •

Sign • • • • • •

Time line • • • • •

15



Understand and Use Reference Sources Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Know and use organizational features and parts of a book to locate information • • • • • • • •

Use alphabetical order • • • • • •

Understand purpose, structure, and organization of reference sources (print, electronic, media, Internet) • • • • • • • •

Almanac • • •

Atlas • • • • •

Card catalog/library database • • • • •

Picture Dictionary • • • •

Dictionary/glossary • • T • T • T • T

Encyclopedia • • • • • •

Magazine/periodical • • • • • •

Newspaper and newsletter • • • • • •

Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature • • •

Technology (on- and offline electronic media) • • • • • • •

Thesaurus • • • • •

Study Skills and Strategies Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Adjust reading rate • • • • • •

Clarify directions • • • • • • • •

Outline • • • • •

Skim and scan • • • • • •

SQP3R • • •

Summarize • • • • • • •

Take notes, paraphrase, and synthesize • • • • • •

Use graphic and semantic organizers to organize information • • • • • • •

Test-Taking Skills and Strategies Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Understand the question, the vocabulary of tests, and key words • • • • • •

Answer the question; use information from the text (stated or inferred) • • • • • • • •

Write across texts • • • • •

Complete the sentence • • • • •

Technology/New Literacies Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Non-Computer Electronic MediaAudiotapes/CDs, videotapes/DVDs • • • • • • • •

Computer Programs/Services: Basic Operations and Concepts

Use accurate computer terminology • • • • • • • •

Create, name, locate, open, save, delete, and organize files • • • • • • •

Use input and output devices (such as mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, touch screen) • • • • • • • •

Use basic keyboarding skills • • • • • • •Responsible Use of Technology Systems and Software

Work cooperatively and collaboratively with others; follow acceptable-use policies • • • • • • • •

Recognize hazards of Internet searches • • • •

Respect intellectual property • • • •

16



Technology/New Literacies continued Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Information and Communication Technologies: Information Acquisition

Use electronic Web (nonlinear) navigation, online resources, databases, keyword searches • • • • •

Use visual and nontextual features of online resources • • • • • • • •

Internet inquiry • • • • •

Identify questions • • • • •

Locate, select, and collect information • • • • •

Analyze information • • • • •

Evaluate electronic information sources for accuracy, relevance, bias • • • •

Understand bias/subjectivity of electronic content (about this site, author search, date created) • • • •

Synthesize information • • • •

Communicate findings • • • • •

Use fix-up strategies (such as clicking Back, Forward, or Undo; redoing a search; trimming the URL) • • • •

Communication

Collaborate, publish, present, and interact with others • • • • • • •

Use online resources (e-mail, bulletin boards, newsgroups) • • • • • •

Use a variety of multimedia formats • • • • • •Problem Solving

Use technology resources for solving problems and making informed decisions • • • •

Determine when technology is useful • • • • • •

The Research Process Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6Identify topics; ask and evaluate questions; develop ideas leading to inquiry, investigation, and research • • • • • • •

Choose and evaluate appropriate reference sources • • • • • • •

Locate and collect information including using organizational features of electronic text • • • • • • • •

Take notes/record findings • • • • • • •

Combine and compare information • • • • • •

Evaluate, interpret, and draw conclusions about key information • • • • • • •

Paraphrase and summarize information • • • • • • •

Make an outline • • • • •

Organize content systematically • • • • • • •

Communicate information • • • • • • •

Write and present a report • • • • • • •

Include citations • • • •

Respect intellectual property/avoid plagiarism • • •

Select and organize visual aids • • • • • • •

17


AAbbreviations, 2.6: 381c, 384a, 384–385, 389b, 391g, 394a, 394–395, 395a,

395c–395d, 398c, 418c, 422d, 422e–422f, 424c, 425e, 452c, 524d, UR•20. See also Spelling, word analysis; Word analysis.

Academic vocabulary, 2.1: 22b, 25b, 25d, 26g, 26h, 43d, 43g, 44h, 48h, 49e, 54b, 57b, 57d, 57f, 58f, 58g, 59f, 72h, 76h, 84b, 87b, 88f, 88g, 104h, 108h, 116b, 117a, 119b, 119d, 120f, 120g, 139f, 140h, 144h, 144–145, 152b, 155b, 155d, 155f, 156f, 156g, 174h, 178h, 2.2: 188b, 191b, 191d, 191f, 192f, 192g, 207f, 208g, 212h, 220b, 221a, 223b, 223d, 224f, 224g, 239f, 240h, 244h, 245g, 250b, 253b, 253d, 254f, 254g, 267g, 268h, 272h, 280b, 283a, 283c, 284f, 284g, 301g, 302h, 306h, 316b, 319b, 319d, 320g, 335f, 336h, 340h, 2.3: 350b, 353b, 353d, 354f, 354h, 371e, 371g, 372h, 376h, 384b, 387b, 387d, 388f, 388g, 405g, 406h, 410h, 420b, 423b, 423d, 423f, 424f, 424g, 443f, 444h, 448h, 454b, 457b, 457d, 458g, 469f, 470h, 474h, 482b, 483a, 485b, 485d, 486f, 486g, 507g, 508h, 512–513, 2.4: 21b, 24–25, 25b, 25d, 27a, 42h, 46h, 51e, 53c, 55b, 58–59, 59b, 59d, 62a, 76h, 80h, 85b, 88–89, 89b, 92a, 110d, 110f, 110h, 114h, 119c, 121b, 124–125, 125b, 125d, 128a, 144h, 148h, 153c, 155b, 158–159, 159b, 159d, 162a, 178d, 178h, 182h, 187c, 2.5: 191b, 194–195, 195b, 195d, 198a, 212h, 216h, 221c, 223b, 226–227, 227d, 230a, 248h, 252h, 255c, 257b, 260–261, 261d, 264a, 278f, 278h, 282h, 287c, 289b, 292–293, 293d, 314h, 318h, 323c, 325b, 328–329, 329b, 329d, 331a, 332a, 348h, 352h, 357c, 2.6: 361b, 363b, 364–365, 365d, 367a, 382h, 386h, 391c, 393b, 396–397, 397b, 397d, 399a, 422h, 425c, 427b, 430–431, 431b, 431d, 433a, 457c, 459b, 461b, 462–463, 463b, 463d, 465a, 495c, 497b, 499b, 500–501, 501b, 501d, 503a, 520h, 524h, 529c. See also Vocabulary development.

Access for All, 2.1: 20f–20g, 52f–52g, 82f–82g, 114f–114g, 150f–150g, 2.2: 186f–186g, 218f–218g, 248f–248g, 278f–278g, 314f–314g, 2.3: 348f–348g, 382f–382g, 418f–418g, 452f–452g, 480f–480g, 2.4: 20f–20g, 54f–54g, 84f–84g, 120f–120g, 154f–154g, 2.5: 190f–190g, 222f–222g, 256f–256g, 288f–288g, 324f–324g, 2.6: 360f–360g, 392f–392g, 426f–426g, 458f–458g, 496f–496gadvanced learners, for all units, SG•9–SG•11, SG•30–SG•32, SG•51–SG•53,

SG•72–SG•74, SG•93–SG•95 comprehension progress, 2.1: 43a, 45a, 51c, 73a, 81c, 105a, 113c,

141a, 149c, 174h, 175a, 183c, 2.2: 209a, 217c, 241a, 247c, 267a, 269a, 272b, 277c, 301a, 302h, 303a, 313c, 337a, 345c, 2.3: 373a, 381c, 405a, 407a, 417c, 445a, 451c, 471a, 479c, 507a, 509a, 517c, 2.4: 43a, 77a, 111a, 179a, 145a, 179a, 2.5: 213a, 217c, 247a, 249a, 253a, 279a, 315a, 349a, 2.6: 383a, 419a, 449a, 489a, 521a

conventions progress, 2.1: 43c, 49c, 71c, 79b, 103b, 111b, 139b, 147b, 173c, 181b, 2.2: 207b, 215b, 239b, 245c, 275b, 311c, 343b, 2.3: 379b, 415c, 449c, 469b, 477b, 515b, 2.4: 51c, 81c, 117b, 151b, 185b, 2.5: 219b, 253c, 285b, 321b, 347b, 355b, 2.6: 389b, 397b, 423c, 447c, 455b, 487c

fluency, 2.1: 49c, 72f, 79b, 104f, 108d, 111b, 147b, 174f, 178d, 181b, 2.2: 208f, 215b, 245c, 275b, 306d, 311c, 343b, 2.3: 379b, 415c, 449c, 477b, 515b, 2.4: 51c, 81c, 117b, 44f, 151b, 185b, 2.5: 219b, 247a, 253c, 278f, 285b, 321b, 355b, 2.6: 389b, 423c, 455b, 493c, 527b

phonics/word analysis progress, 2.1: 23a, 24a, 56a, 76d, 86a, 118a, 154a, 2.2: 190a, 208d, 222a, 252a, 268d, 282a, 318a, 336d, 2.3: 351a, 352a, 385a, 386a, 388f, 422a, 456a, 484a, 2.4: 42d, 76d, 110d, 144d, 178d, 2.5: 212d, 248d, 252d, 278d, 282d, 314d, 348d, 2.6: 382d, 422d, 448d, 452d, 488d, 520d

research/study skills progress, 2.1: 47b, 49e, 75b, 79d, 107b, 111d, 143b, 147d, 177b, 181d, 2.2: 211b, 215d, 243b, 245e, 275d, 311e, 339b, 343d, 2.3: 375b, 379d, 409b, 415e, 447b, 449e, 473b, 477d, 511b, 515d, 2.4: 45b, 79b, 113b, 117f, 151f, 181b, 2.5: 215b, 251b, 281b, 317b, 351b, 2.6: 385b, 421b, 451b, 491b, 523b

spelling progress, 2.1: 25, 57, 87, 119, 155, 2.2: 191, 223, 253, 283, 319, 2.3: 353, 387, 423, 457, 485

vocabulary progress, 2.1: 72b, 72h, 84b, 120f, 140b, 144b, 156f, 178b, 2.2: 224b, 224f, 280b, 302b, 320f, 336h, 372b, 2.3: 354f, 372h, 388f, 410b, 424f, 444h, 470b, 470h, 486f, 508h, 512b, 2.4: 42b, 46b, 55b, 76b, 110b, 178b, 2.5: 212h, 282b, 2.6: 382b, 393b, 427b, 529a

writing progress, 2.1: 79d, 181d, 245e, WP•3–WP•9, 2.2: 311e, WP•3–WP•9, 2.3: 415e, 449e, 515d, WP•2, 2.4: 51e, 151d, WP•3–WP•9, 2.5: 219d, 321d, WP•3–WP•9, 2.6: 381e, 389d, 417e, 447e, 493e, 527d, WP•3–WP•9

ELL (English Language Learners) suggestions access content, 2.1: 43a, 71a, 72h, 140h, 173a, 2.2: 208h, 223, 267a,

268h, 277h, 301a, 2.3: 371a, 405a, 410b, 444h, 469a, 507a, 2.6: 366b, 386b, 488b

access language, 2.1: 50b, 58b, 84b, 88b, 104b, 112b, 116b, 120b, 140b, 148b, 156b, 182b, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57, 2.2: 188b, 192b, 208b, 216b, 220b, 224b, 240b, 246b, 250b, 254b, 276b, 280b, 284b, 312b, 316b, 320b, 344b, 2.3: 350b, 354b, 372b, 380b, 384b, 406b, 416b, 424b, 444b, 444h, 448b, 450b, 454b, 458b, 470b, 478b, 486b, 508b, 508h, 478b, 516b, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57, 2.4: 26b, 52b, 60b, 76b, 82b, 85b, 90b, 118b, 126b, 144b, 152b, 156–157, 160b, 186b, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57, 2.5: 196b, 220b, 228b, 254b, 262b, 278b, 286b, 294b, 318b, 322b, 330b, 356b, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57, 2.6: 390b, 418b, 424b, 448b, 456b, 459b, 494b, 520b, 520h, 524b, 528b, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57

build background/preview, 2.1: 26h, 58h, 88h, 120h, 156h, 2.2: 192h, 224h, 254h, 284h, 320h, 2.3: 354g, 354h, 388h, 424h, 458g, 458h, 486h, 2.4: 28a, 62a, 92a, 128a, 162a, 2.5: 198a, 230a, 264a, 296a, 332a, 2.6: 368a, 400a, 434a, 466a, 504a

cognates, 2.1: 22b, 54b, 60–61, 116b, 152b, 2.2: 188b, 208b, 220b, 244b, 250b, 306b, 316b, 2.3: 350b, 384b, 420b, 482b, 2.4: 21b, 60–61, 85b, 90–91, 126–127, 160–161, 2.5: 191b, 196–197, 223b, 254b, 262f, 289b, 294–295, 330–331, 2.6: 361b, 393b, 427b, 432–433, 497b, 502b

comprehension support, 2.1: 25, 26h, 43a, 48b, 48f, 57, 58h, 71a, 72h, 76b, 76f, 87, 88h, 108b, 119, 120h, 144b, 144f, 156h, 173a, 178b, 178f, 2.2: 191, 207a, 208h, 212b, 212f, 214–215, 217c, 223, 244b, 244f, 247c, 253, 267a, 272b, 272f, 277c, 284h, 301a, 302b, 306b, 306f, 313c, 335a, 340b, 340f, 342–343, 345c, 2.3: 354h, 371a, 372h, 376b, 376f, 388h, 405a, 410b, 410f, 418–419, 424h, 448f, 470h, 474b, 474f, 507a, 512b, 512f, 2.4: 24–25, 28a, 41a, 46b, 46f, 53c, 58–59, 62a, 75a, 80b, 80f, 83c, 88–89, 92a, 109a, 114f, 124–125, 128a, 143a, 148a, 148f, 153c, 158–159, 162a, 177a, 182b, 182f, 187c, 2.5: 194–195, 198a, 211a, 216b, 216f, 226–227, 230a, 247a, 252b, 252f, 260–261, 264a, 277a, 278h, 282b, 282f, 292–293, 296a, 313a, 318f, 328–329, 332a, 347a, 352a, 352b, 352f, 368a, 400a, 422b, 434a, 452b, 2.6: 364–365, 381a, 386f, 396–397, 417a, 422f, 430–431, 447a, 452f, 462–463, 466a, 487a, 488h, 492b, 492f, 500–501, 504a, 519a, 524f

concept support, 2.1: 20–21, 48b, 50a, 50b, 51k, 52–53, 76b, 80a, 80b, 81k, 82–83, 108b, 112a, 112b, 113k, 114–115, 144b, 148a, 148b, 149k, 150–151, 178b, 182a, 182b, 183k, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57, 2.2: 186–187, 212b, 216a, 216b, 217k, 218–219, 244b, 246a, 246b, 247k, 248–249, 272b, 276a, 276b, 277k, 278–279, 306b, 312a, 312b, 313k, 314–315, 344a, 344b, 345k, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57, 2.3: 348–349, 376b, 378b, 380a, 380b, 381k, 382–383, 416a, 416b, 417k, 418–419, 450a, 450b, 451k, 452–453, 478a, 479k, 480–481, 512b, 516a, 516b, 517k, 2.4: 20–21, 46b, 52a, 52b, 53k, 54–55, 80b, 82a, 82b, 83k, 84–85, 114b, 118a, 118b, 119k, 120–121, 152a, 152b, 153k, 154–155, 186a, 186b, 187k, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57, 2.5: 190–191, 220a, 220b, 221k, 222–223, 254a, 254b, 255k, 256–257, 286a, 286b, 287k, 288–289, 318b, 322a, 322b, 322k, 323k, 324–325, 356a, 356b, 357k, UR•17,

Index

18

RDG13_ANC02_CCS_INDEX1.indd 18 7/9/12 4:44:10 PM

UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57, 2.6: 360–361, 386b, 390a, 390b, 391k, 392–393, 424a, 424b, 425k, 426–427, 456a, 456b, 457k, 458–459, 494a, 494b, 495k, 496–497, 528a, 528b, 529k, UR•17, UR•27, UR•37, UR•47, UR•57

conventions support, 2.1: 25d, 43c, 57d, 71c, 87d, 103b, 119d, 139b, 155d, 173c, UR•11, UR•21, UR•31, UR•41, UR•51, 2.2: 191d, 207b, 223d, 239b, 253d, 267c, 283d, 301c, 319d, 335b, UR•11, UR•21, UR•31, UR•41, UR•51, 2.3: 351c, 353d, 371c, 387d, 405c, 423d, 443b, 457d, 469b, 485d, 507c, UR•11, UR•21, UR•31, UR•41, UR•51, 2.4: 25b, 41c, 59b, 75c, 89b, 109c, 125b, 143b, 155d, 159b, 177b, UR•11, UR•21, UR•31, UR•41, UR•51, 2.5: 195b, 211c, 227b, 247c, 261b, 277c, 293b, 313c, 325b, 329b, 347b, 2.6: 365b, 381c, 397b, 417c, 431b, 447c, 463b, 487c, 501b, 519b, UR•11, UR•21, UR•31, UR•41, UR•51

extend language, 2.1: 48a, 76a, 80b, 108a, 144a, 178a, 2.2: 212a, 244a, 272a, 306a, 340a, 2.3: 376a, 410a, 448a, 452–453, 474a, 480–481, 512a, 2.4: 46a, 80a, 114a, 148a, 182a, 186b, 2.5: 216a, 252a, 282a, 318a, 352a, 2.6: 386a, 422a, 452a, 492a, 524a

fluency support, 2.1: 48d, 76d, 108d, 144d, 178d, 2.2: 212d, 244d, 272d, 306d, 340d, 2.3: 376d, 410d, 448d, 474d, 479a, 512d, 2.4: 46d, 80d, 114d, 148d, 153a, 182d, 2.5: 216d, 252d, 282d, 318d, 352d, 2.6: 386d, 422d, 448f, 452d, 492d, 524d

listening/speaking support, 2.1: 25, 26h, 43a, 48b, 48f, 57, 58h, 71a, 72h, 76b, 76f, 81a, 87, 88h, 108b, 119, 120h, 144b, 144f, 156h, 173a, 178b, 178f, 2.2: 191, 207a, 208h, 212b, 212f, 214–215, 217c, 223, 244b, 244f, 247c, 253, 267a, 272b, 272f, 277a, 277c, 284h, 301a, 302b, 306b, 306f, 313c, 335a, 340b, 340f, 342–343, 345c, 2.3: 354h, 371a, 372h, 376b, 376f, 381a, 388h, 405a, 410b, 410f, 410f, 418–419, 424h, 448f, 470h, 474b, 474f, 480–481, 507a, 512b, 512f, 2.4: 24–25, 28a, 41a, 46b, 46f, 53c, 58–59, 62a, 75a, 80b, 80f, 83c, 88–89, 92a, 109a, 114f, 124–125, 128a, 143a, 148a, 148f, 153c, 158–159, 162a, 177a, 182b, 182f, 187c, 2.5: 194–195, 198a, 211a, 216b, 216f, 226–227, 230a, 247a, 252b, 252f, 260–261, 264a, 277a, 278h, 282b, 282f, 292–293, 296a, 313a, 318f, 323a, 328–329, 332a, 347a, 352a, 352b, 352f, 368a, 400a, 422b, 434a, 452b, 2.6: 364–365, 381a, 386f, 396–397, 417a, 422f, 430–431, 447a, 452f, 457a, 462–463, 466a, 487a, 488h, 492b, 492f, 500–501, 504a, 519a, 524f, 529a

phonics/word analysis support, 2.1: 23a, 24a, 24c, 44d, 48f, 56c, 72d, 76f, 85a, 86a, 86c, 104d, 108f, 117a, 118a, 118c, 140d, 144f, 153a, 154c, 174d, 178f, UR•11, UR•21, UR•31, UR•41, UR•51, 2.2: 189a, 190c, 208d, 212f, 221a, 222c, 240d, 244f, 251a, 252c, 268d, 272f, 281a, 282c, 302d, 306f, 317a, 318c, 336d, 340f, 2.3: 351a, 352a, 352c, 372d, 376f, 385a, 386c, 406d, 410f, 421a, 422c, 444d, 448f, 455a, 456a, 456c, 470d, 474f, 483a, 484a, 484c, 508d, 512f, 2.4: 22–23, 23d, 42d, 46f, 56–57, 57d, 76d, 80f, 86–87, 87d, 110d, 114f, 122–123, 123d, 144d, 148f, 157d, 178d, 182f, 2.5: 192–193, 193d, 212d, 216f, 224–225, 225d, 248d, 252f, 258–259, 259d, 278d, 282f, 290–291, 291d, 314d, 318f, 326–327, 327d, 348d, 352f, 2.6: 362–363, 363d, 382d, 386f, 394–395, 395d, 418d, 422f, 428–429, 429d, 448d, 452f, 460–461, 461d, 488d, 492f, 498–499, 499d, 520d, 524f

spelling support, 2.1: 25, 26d, 44e, 44f, 57, 58d, 80d, 87, 88d, 119, 120d, 155, 156d, 182d, 2.2: 191, 192d, 224d, 253, 254d, 283, 284d, 319, 320d, 2.3: 353, 354d, 387, 388d, 423, 424d, 457, 458d, 485, 486d, 2.4: 23b, 26d, 42e, 52d, 57b, 60d, 76e, 82d, 87b, 90d, 110e, 118d, 123b, 126d, 144e, 152d, 157b, 160d, 178e, 186d, 2.5: 193b, 196d, 212e, 220d, 225b, 228d, 248e, 254d, 259b, 262d, 278b, 278e, 286d, 291b, 294d, 314e, 322d, 327b, 330d, 348e, 356d, 2.6: 363b, 366d, 398d, 432d, 464d, 502d

vocabulary support, 2.1: 22b, 26a, 26b, 26f, 44a, 44h, 48b, 49k, 51a, 51k, 54b, 58a, 58b, 58f, 72a, 72b, 76b, 81k, 88a, 88b, 88f, 104a, 104h, 108b, 113a, 113k, 116b, 120a, 120b, 120f, 140a, 140b, 144b, 149a, 152b, 156a, 156b, 156f, 174a, 178b, 183a, 183k, 2.2: 188b,

192a, 192b, 192f, 208a, 212b, 217a, 217k, 220b, 224a, 224b, 224f, 240a, 240b, 244b, 247a, 247c, 247k, 250b, 254a, 254b, 254f, 268a, 268b, 272b, 277k, 280b, 284a, 284b, 284f, 302a, 302b, 302h, 306b, 312a, 316b, 313k, 320a, 320b, 320f, 336a, 336b, 336h, 340b, 345a, 345c, 345k, 451a, 2.3: 324b, 350b, 354a, 354f, 372a, 372b, 376n, 381k, 384b, 388a, 388b, 388f, 406a, 406b, 410b, 417k, 420b, 424a, 424b, 424f, 444a, 448b, 451a, 451k, 454b, 458a, 458b, 458f, 470a, 470b, 474b, 479k, 482b, 486a, 486b, 486f, 508a, 508b, 508h, 512b, 517a, 517k, 2.4: 21b, 26a, 26b, 26f, 42a, 42b, 42h, 46b, 53a, 53k, 55b, 60a, 60b, 60f, 60–61, 76a, 80b, 82b, 83a, 83k, 85b, 90a, 90b, 90f, 90–91, 110a, 114b, 118b, 119a, 119k, 121b, 126a, 126b, 126f, 126–127, 144a, 148b, 153k, 155b, 160a, 160b, 160–161, 178a, 178b, 178h, 182b, 187a, 187k, 2.5: 191b, 196a, 196b, 196f, 196–197, 212a, 212b, 216b, 221a, 221k, 223b, 228a, 228b, 228f, 228–229, 248a, 252b, 255a, 255k, 262a, 262b, 262f, 262–263, 278a, 278b, 282b, 284–285, 286b, 287a, 287k, 289b, 294a, 294b, 294–295, 314a, 314b, 318b, 319h, 323k, 325b, 330a, 330b, 330f, 330–331, 348a, 352b, 357a, 357k, 2.6: 361b, 366a, 366b, 366f, 366–367, 382a, 386b, 391a, 391k, 393b, 398a, 398b, 398f, 398–399, 418a, 418b, 422b, 425a, 425k, 427b, 432a, 432b, 432–433, 448a, 452b, 457a, 457k, 459b, 464a, 464b, 464f, 464–465, 488a, 492b, 495a, 495k, 497b, 502a, 502b, 502f, 502–503, 520a, 520h, 524b, 529k

writing support, 2.1: 25d, 43e, 51i, 57d, 71e, 81i, 103d, 111d, 113i, 119d, 139d, 149i, 155d, 173e, 183i, WP1, WP5, WP7, WP9, 2.2: 191d, 207d, 214–215, 217i, 223d, 239d, 247i, 253d, 267e, 277i, 282d, 301e, 313i, 319d, 335d, 342–343, 345i, WP1, WP5, WP7, WP9, 2.3: 353d, 371e, 381i, 387d, 405e, 417i, 423d, 443d, 451i, 457d, 469d, 479i, 485d, 507e, 517i, WP1, WP3, WP7, WP9, 2.4: 41e, 53i, 75e, 83i, 109e, 119i, 143d, 153i, 177d, 187i, WP1, WP5, WP7, WP9, 2.5: 211e, 221i, 247e, 255i, 277e, 287i, 313e, 323i, 329d, 347d, 355d, 357i, WP1, WP5, WP7, WP9, 2.6: 381e, 391i, 417e, 425i, 447e, 457i, 487e, 495i, 519d, 529i, WP1, WP5, WP7, WP9

On-level learners, for all units, SG•6–SG•8, SG•27–SG•29, SG•48–SG•50, SG•69–SG•71, SG•90–SG•92 2.1: 43a, 44e, 50d, 71a, 72e, 80d, 103a, 104e, 112d, 139a, 140e, 148d, 173a, 174e, 182d, 2.2: 207a, 208e, 216d, 239a, 240e, 246d, 267a, 268e, 276d, 301a, 302e, 312d, 335a, 336e, 344e, 2.3: 371a, 372e, 380d, 405a, 406e, 416d, 443a, 444e, 450d, 469a, 470e, 478d, 507a, 508e, 516d, 2.4: 41a, 42e, 52d, 75a, 76e, 82d, 109a, 110e, 118d, 143a, 144e, 152d, 177a, 178e, 186d, 2.5: 211a, 212e, 220d, 247a, 248e, 254d, 277a, 278e, 286d, 313a, 314e, 322d, 347a, 348e, 356d, 2.6: 381a, 382e, 390d, 417a, 418e, 424d, 448e, 447a, 487a, 488e, 494d, 519a, 520e, 528d

strategic intervention, for all units, SG•1–SG•5, SG•22–SG•26, SG•43–SG•47, SG•64–SG•65, SG•85–SG•89comprehension support, 2.1: 51c, 81c, 113c, 149c, 183c, 2.2: 217c,

240h, 247c, 277c, 313c, 345c, 2.3: 371a, 381c, 417c, 451c, 479c, 507a, 508h, 517c, 2.4: 41a, 53a, 53c, 75a, 83c, 110h, 119c, 153c, 187a, 187c, 2.5: 221c, 247a, 248h, 253a, 255c, 277a, 287c, 323c, 354–355, 357c, 2.6: 432b, 391c, 425c, 457c, 495c, 529c

concept support, 2.1: 22b, 44b, 54b, 104b, 120b, 120f, 152b, 2.2: 188b, 192b, 192f, 220b, 254f, 268h, 280b, 302b, 313a, 320b, 320f, 336b, 336h, 340b, 2.3: 350b, 354b, 388b, 406b, 406h, 410b, 420b, 2.4: 21b, 22–23, 42h, 76b, 83a, 85b, 90b, 119a, 155b, 178h, 289b, 323a, 2.5: 191b, 221a, 223b, 248b, 257b, 262b, 325b, 348b, 2.6: 361b, 382h, 457a, 459b, 464b, 495a

conventions support, 2.1: 43c, 49c, 71c, 79b, 103b, 111b, 139b, 147b, 173c, 181b, 2.2: 207b, 215b, 239b, 245c, 247g, 267c, 267g, 275b, 301c, 311c, 335b, 343b, 2.3: 371c, 379b, 405c, 415c, 443b, 449c, 469b, 477b, 507c, 515b, 2.4: 25b, 41c, 51c, 59b, 75c, 81c, 89b, 109c, 117b, 125b, 143b, 151b, 159b, 177b, 185b, 2.5: 195b, 211c, 219b, 227b, 247c, 253c, 261b, 277c, 285b, 293b, 313c, 321b, 329b, 347b, 355b, 2.6: 365b, 381c, 389b, 417c, 423c, 431b, 455b, 463b, 501b, 519b, 527b

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fluency support, 2.1: 72f, 104f, 144d, 240f, 244d, 268f, 277d, 2.2: 302d, 302f, 340d, 2.3: 376d, 410d, 444f, 470f, 2.4: 46d, 76f, 80d, 110f, 114d, 144f, 2.5: 212f, 248f, 278f, 348f, 2.6: 382f, 418f

phonics/word analysis support, 2.1: 23a, 48c, 55a, 56a, 76d, 85a, 86a, 117a, 153a, 2.2: 189a, 212d, 221a, 240d, 251a, 281a, 317a, 2.3: 351a, 385a, 412a, 422a, 448d, 455a, 483a, 512d, 2.4: 42d, 46d, 76d, 80d, 110d, 114d, 144d, 148d, 178d, 182d, 2.5: 212d, 216d, 278d, 282d, 318d, 352d, 2.6: 382d, 386d, 418d, 422d, 448d, 452d, 488d, 492d, 520d, 524d

research/study skills support, 2.1: 47b, 49e, 75b, 79d, 107b, 111d, 143b, 147d, 177b, 181d, 2.2: 211b, 215d, 245e, 271b, 275d, 305b, 339b, 2.3: 375b, 379d, 409b, 415e, 447b, 449e, 473b, 477d, 511b, 515d, 2.4: 45b, 51g, 79b, 81g, 113b, 117f, 147b, 151f, 181b, 185f, 2.5: 215b, 219f, 251b, 253g, 281b, 285f, 317b, 321f, 351b, 355f, 2.6: 385b, 389f, 421b, 423g, 451b, 455f, 491b, 493g, 523b, 527f

spelling support, 2.1: 25, 57, 87, 119, 155, 2.2: 191, 223, 253, 283, 319, 2.3: 353, 387, 423, 457, 485

vocabulary, 2.1: 51a, 81a, 113a, 149a, 183a, 2.2: 217a, 247a, 277a, 313a, 345a, 2.3: 381a, 417a, 451a, 479a, 517a, 2.4: 26–27, 60–61, 90–91, 126–127, 160–161, 2.5: 196–197, 228–229, 262–263, 294–295, 330–331, 2.6: 366–367, 398–399, 432–433, 464–465, 502–503

writing support, 2.1: 49e, 71e, 103d, 147d, 173e, WP3, WP5, 2.2: 207d, 239d, 267e, 301e, 335d, 343d, WP3, WP5, 2.3: 371e, 405e, 443d, 469d, 515d, WP2, WP3, 2.4: 75e, 81e, 109e, 143d, 185d, WP3, WP5, 2.5: 211e, 247e, 253e, 277e, 285d, 313e, 347d, WP3, WP5, 2.6: 423e, 455d, 487e, 519d, 527d, WP3, WP5

Access Text, 2.1: 26–43, 48–49a, 58–71, 76–79, 88–103, 108–111, 120–139, 144–147, 156–173, 178–181, 2.2: 192–207, 212–215, 224–239, 244–245a, 254–267, 272–275, 284–301, 306–311a, 320–335, 340–343, 2.3: 354–371, 376–379, 388–405, 410–415a, 424–443, 448–449a, 458–469, 474–477, 486–507, 512–515, 2.4: 28–41, 46–51a, 62–75, 80–81a, 92–109, 114–117, 128–143, 148–151, 162–177, 182–185, 2.5: 198–211, 216–219, 230–247, 252–253a, 264–277, 282–285, 296–313, 332–347, 352–355, 2.6: 368–381, 400–417, 422–423a, 434–447, 452–455, 466–487, 492–493a, 504–519, 524–527

Accuracy. See Fluency, reading.

Achieving English proficiency. See Access for All, ELL (English Language Learners) suggestions.

Activate prior knowledge. See Content Knowledge; Prereading strategies; Vocabulary development, connections, make.

Adjectivescomparative, 2.4: 89b, 109c, 112a, 112–113, 117b, 119g, UR•36number, size, shape 2.4: 59b, 75c, 78a, 78–79, 81c, 83g, UR•26sensory, 2.4: 25b, 41c, 44a, 44–45, 51c, 53g, UR•16shades of meaning, 2.1: 88f, 2.3: 473a, 477c–477d

Advanced learners. See Access for All. Adverbs, 2.4: 125b, 143b, 146a, 146–147, 151b, 153g, 159b, 177b, 180a,

180–181, 185b, 198g, UR•46, UR•56

Affixes. See Spelling, word analysis, prefixes, suffixes; Vocabulary skills/strategies, prefixes, suffixes; Word analysis, prefixes, suffixes.

Alliteration. See Sound devices and poetic elements.

Alphabetical order, 2.1: 26f, 34–35, 50–51, 71g, 120f, 134–135, 148–149, UR•12, UR•42, 2.2: 301g, 2.3: 469f, 2.4: 41g

Amazing Words. See Content knowledge.

Analyzing. See Connections, making, text to text; Higher-order thinking skills; Reading and Writing Across Texts.

Animal fantasy. See Genres.

Answering questions. See Questioning.

Antonyms, 2.3: 354f, 360–361, 380–381, 424f, 428–429, 450–451, UR•12, UR•32, 2.4: 59a, 60g, 60–61, 66–67, 76g, 82–83, 83a, UR•22. See also Vocabulary skills/strategies.

Apostrophecontraction, 2.5: 329b, 347b, 350a, 350–351, 355b, 357g, UR•56possessive, 2.5: 319c, 335b, 337b, 338–339, 343b, 345g, UR•56

Appreciating literature. See Literary response and appreciation, Response to literature.

Asking questions. See Questioning.

Assessmentclassroom-based. “If/then” feedback and progress monitoring opportunities

appear throughout lessons and Guide Comprehension questions.formal, 2.1: 50d, 80d, 112d, 148d, 185d, 2.2: 216d, 246d, 276d, 312d,

344d, 2.3: 380d, 416d, 450d, 478d, 516d, 2.4: 52d, 82d, 118d, 152d, 186d, 2.5: 220d, 254d, 286d, 322d, 356d, 2.6: 390d, 424d, 456d, 494d, 528d

formative, 2.1: 24a, 50b, 56a, 80b, 112b, 118a, 148a, 154a, 182b, 2.2: 190a, 216b, 222a, 246b, 252a, 276b, 282a, 312b, 318a, 344b, 2.3: 352a, 380b, 386a, 416b, 422a, 450b, 456a, 478b, 484a, 516b, 2.4: 23a, 52b, 57a, 82b, 87a, 118b, 123a, 152b, 157a, 186b, 2.5: 193a, 220b, 225a, 254b, 259a, 280b, 291a, 322b, 327a, 356b, 2.6: 363a, 390b, 395a, 424b, 429a, 456b, 461a, 494b, 499a, 528b

progress monitoringcomprehension, 2.1: 51d, 51f, 81d, 81f, 113d, 113f, 149d, 149f, 183d,

183f, 2.2: 217d, 217f, 247d, 247f, 277d, 277f, 313d, 313f, 345d, 345f, 2.3: 381d, 381f, 417d, 417f, 451d, 451f, 479d, 479f, 517d, 517f, 2.4: 53d, 53f, 83d, 83f, 119d, 119f, 153d, 153f, 187d, 187f, 2.5: 221d, 221f, 255d, 255f, 287d, 287f, 323d, 323f, 357d, 357f, 2.6: 391d, 391f, 425d, 425f, 457d, 457f, 495d, 495f, 529d, 529f

fluency, 2.1: 49b, 49c, 51d–51f, 79a, 79b, 81d–81f, 111a, 111b, 113d–113f, 147a, 147b, 149d–149f, 181a, 181b, 183d–183f, 2.2: 215a, 215b, 217d–217f, 245b, 245c, 247d–247f, 275a, 275b, 277d–277f, 311b, 311c, 313d–313f, 343a, 343b, 345d–345f, 2.3: 379a, 379b, 381d–381f, 415b, 415c, 417d–417f, 449b, 449c, 451d–451f, 477a, 477b, 479d–479f, 515a, 515b, 517d–517f, 2.4: 51b, 51c, 53d–53f, 81b, 81c, 83d–83f, 117a, 117b, 119d–119f, 151a, 151b, 153d–153f, 185a, 185b, 187d–187f, 2.5: 219a, 219b, 221d–221f, 253b, 253c, 255d–225f, 285a, 285b, 287d–287f, 321a, 321b, 323d–323f, 355a, 355b, 357d–357f, 2.6: 389a, 389b, 391d–391f, 423b, 423c, 425d–425f, 455a, 455b, 457d–457f, 493b, 493c, 495d–495f, 527a, 527b, 529d–429f

high-frequency words, 2.1: 25, 26e, 44g, 57, 58e, 72g, 87, 88e, 104g, 119, 120e, 140g, 155, 156e, 174g, 2.2: 191, 192e, 208g, 223, 224e, 240g, 253, 254e, 268g, 283, 284e, 302g, 319, 320e, 336g, 2.3: 353, 354e, 372g, 387, 388e, 406g, 423, 424e, 444g, 457, 458e, 470g, 485, 486e, 508g

oral vocabulary, 2.1: 24a, 50b, 56a, 80b, 112b, 118a, 148a, 154a, 182b, 2.2: 190a, 216b, 222a, 246b, 252a, 276b, 282a, 312b, 318a, 344b, 2.3: 352a, 380b, 386a, 416b, 422a, 450b, 456a, 478b, 484a, 516b, 2.4: 23a, 52b, 57a, 82b, 87a, 118b, 123a, 152b, 157a, 186b, 2.5: 193a, 220b, 225a, 254b, 259a, 280b, 291a, 322b, 327a, 356b, 2.6: 363a, 390b, 395a, 424b, 429a, 456b, 461a, 494b, 499a, 528b

phonological/phonics, 2.1: 24a, 56a, 118a, 154a, 2.2: 190a, 222a, 252a, 282a, 318a, 2.3: 352a, 386a, 422a, 456a, 484a, 2.4: 23a, 57a, 87a, 123a, 157a, 2.5: 193a, 225a, 259a, 291a, 327a, 2.6: 363a, 395a, 429a, 461a, 499a

retelling, 2.1: 44–45, 45a, 72–73, 73a, 104–105, 105a, 140–141, 141a, 174–175, 175a, 2.2: 208–209, 209a, 240–241, 241a, 268–269, 269a, 302–303, 303a, 336–337, 337a, 2.3: 372–373, 373a, 406–407, 407a, 444–445, 445a, 470–471, 471a, 508–509, 509a, 2.4: 42–43, 43a, 76–77, 77a, 110–111, 111a, 144–145, 145a, 178–179, 179a, 2.5: 212–213, 213a, 248–249, 249a, 278–279, 279a, 314–315, 315a, 348–349, 349a, 2.6: 382–383, 383a, 418–419, 419a, 448–449, 449a, 488–489, 489a, 520–521, 521a

sentence reading, 2.1: 51d–51e, 81d–81e, 113d–113e, 149d–149e, 183d–183e, 2.2: 217d–217e, 247d–247e, 277d–277e,

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313d–313e, 345d–345e, 2.3: 381d–381e, 417d–417e, 451d–451e, 479d–479e, 517d–517e, 2.4: 53d–53e, 83d–83e, 119d–119e, 153d–153e, 187d–187e, 2.5: 221d–221e, 255d–255e, 287d–287e, 323d–323e, 357d–357e, 2.6: 391d–391e, 425d–425e, 457d–457e, 495d–495e, 529d–529e

word reading, 2.1: 24a, 56a, 86a, 118a, 154a, 2.2: 190a, 222a, 252a, 282a, 318a, 2.3: 352a, 386a, 422a, 456a, 484a, 2.4: 23a, 57a, 87a, 123a, 157a, 2.5: 193a, 225a, 259a, 291a, 327a, 2.6: 363a, 395a, 429a, 461a, 499a

scoring guide (rubric), 2.1: 45a, 46–47, 73a, 74–75, 105a, 106–107, 141a, 142–143, 175a, 176–177, 2.2: 209a, 210–211, 241a, 242–243, 269a, 270–271, 303a, 304–305, 337a, 338–339, 2.3: 373a, 374–375, 407a, 408–409, 445a, 446–447, 471a, 472–473, 509a, 510–511, 2.4: 43a, 44–45, 77a, 78–79, 111a, 112–113, 145a, 146–147, 179a, 180–181, 2.5: 213a, 214–215, 249a, 250–251, 279a, 280–281, 315a, 316–317, 349a, 350–351, 2.6: 383a, 384–385, 419a, 420–421, 449a, 450–451, 489a, 490–491, 521a, 522–523

self-assessment, 2.1: 51i, 81i, 113i, 149i, 183i, 2.2: 217i, 247i, 277i, 313i, 345i, 2.3: 381i, 417i, 451i, 479i, 517i, 2.4: 53i, 83i, 119i, 153i, 187i, 2.5: 221i, 255i, 287i, 323i, 357i, 2.6: 391i, 425i, 457i, 495i, 529i

spelling, 2.1: 50d, 80d, 112d, 148d, 182d, 2.2: 216d, 246d, 276d, 312d, 344d, 2.3: 380d, 416d, 450d, 478d, 516d, 2.4: 52d, 82d, 118d, 152d, 186d, 2.5: 220d, 254d, 286d, 322d, 356d, 2.6: 390d, 424d, 456d, 494d, 528d

writing, 2.1: 46–47, 74–75, 106–107, 142–143, 176–177, 2.2: 210–211, 242–243, 270–271, 304–305, 338–339, 2.3: 374–375, 408–409, 446–447, 472–473, 510–511, 2.4: 44–45, 78–79, 112–113, 146–147, 180–181, 2.5: 214–215, 250–251, 280–281, 316–317, 350–351, 2.6: 384–385, 420–421, 450–451, 490–491, 522–523

Author’s craft/style/language. See Literary craft.Author’s message. See Author’s purpose, Theme.

Authors (of reading selections) Abercrombie, Barbara, 2.5: 264–277Adil, Janeen R., 2.2: 254–267Aliki, 2.3: 486–507Anaya, Rudolfo, 2.4: 162–177Arnold, Caroline, 2.1: 120–139Arnold, Tedd, 2.5: 332–347 Bauer, Marion Dane, 2.4: 182–185Blair, Eric, 2.3: 474–477Bruchac, Joseph, 2.1: 156–173Carpenter, Connie, 2.5: 216–219Clements, Andrew, 2.2: 192–207Cody, Tod, 2.6: 492–493Coombs, L.B., 2.5: 282–283Cohan, George M., 2.6: 422–423Cumpiano, Ina, 2.1: 26–43Daniel, Claire, 2.2: 340–343DiPucchio, Kelly, 2.6: 504–519Dowdy, Penny, 2.4: 114–117Esterer, Arnulf K. and Louise A., 2.3: 410–415Fridell, Ron, 2.4: 62–75Gifford, Clive, 2.3: 376–379 Gilles, Almira Astudillo, 2.6: 524–527Grosso, Juan Bautista, 2.5: 252–253 Hayes, Joe, 2.3: 458–469Herman, John, 2.6: 400–417Howe, James, 2.5: 296–313Jacobs, John, 2.1: 178–181Johnson, Angela, 2.6: 368–381Kimmel, Eric A., 2.3: 424–443Knudsen, Michelle, 2.5: 230–247Koss, Amy Goldman, 2.3: 448–449, 2.4: 80–81Lechner, John, 2.4: 28–41

Malone, Delores, 2.2: 224–239Martinez, Raquel, 2.4: 46–51McMullan, Kate, 2.3: 354–371Mora, Pat, 2.4: 128–143, 2.6: 434–447Moran, Rena, 2.2: 212–215Murphy, Patricia J., 2.1: 58–71Neilson, Elisabeth, 2.2: 306–311O’Brien, Debbie, 2.5: 282–285Pak, Soyung, 2.3: 388–405Penner, Lucille Recht, 2.6: 466–487Pugliano-Martin, Carol, 2.2: 284–301Richardson, Rich, 2.5: 318–321Royston, Angela, 2.5: 198–211 Rylant, Cynthia, 2.1: 88–103Sierra, Judy, 2.2: 320–335 Terry, Tammy, 2.6: 386–389Turner, Nancy Byrd, 2.2: 244–245Walker, Sally M., 2.4: 92–109Walsh, Patricia, 2.4: 62–75Weil, Ann, 2.1: 76–79 Whitehead, Jenny, 2.1: 48–49

Author’s perspective/viewpoint/bias, 2.5: 323c

Authors, programAfflerbach, PeterBlachowicz, CamilleBoyd, Candy DawsonIzquierdo, ElenaJuel, ConnieKame’enui, EdwardLeu, DonaldParatore, Jeanne R.Pearson, P. DavidSebesta, SamSimmons, DeborahTaffe, Susan WattsTatum, AlfredVaughn, SharonWixson, Karen Kring

Author’s purpose, 2.1: 43a, 45a, 68–69, 72h, 73a, 105a, 144–145, 173a, 175a, 2.2: 209a, 212h, 212–213, 223a, 228–229, 230–231, 232–233, 236–237, 241a, 245a, 247b, 247f, 267b, 269a, UR•23–UR•24, 303a, 330–331, 336h, 337a, 2.3: 353a, 356–357, 362–363, 366–367, 371a, 373a, 378–379, 381b, 381d, 381f, 405a, 407a, 445a, 471a, 474–475, 490–491, 509a, UR•13–UR•14, 2.4: 41a, 75a, 75b, 150–151, 2.5: 200–201, 212h, 282–283, 2.6: 381a, 396a, 396–397, 402–403, 404–405, 408–409, 410–411, 412–413, 418h, 419a, 423a, 425b, 425f, 487a, 495c, UR•23–UR•24. See also Listening comprehension.

Autobiography. See Genres.

Automaticity. See Fluency, reading, word reading.

BBackground, build. See Background knowledge; Prereading

strategies, activate prior knowledge.

Background knowledge, 2.2: 254g, 258–259, 264–265, 266–267, 269a, 272–273, 274–275, UR•33, UR•35, 2.4: 24a, 24–25, 27a, 30–31, 34–35, 36–37, 43a, 46–47, 48–49, 51a, UR•13, UR•15, 2.5: 260a, 260–261, 263a, 266–267, 276–277, 279a, 282–283, 284–285, UR•33, UR•35, 2.6: 370–371

Big Book, 2.1: 26a, 44a, 58a, 72a, 88a, 104a, 120a, 140a, 156a, 174a, 2.2: 192a, 208a, 224a, 240a, 254a, 268a, 284a, 302a, 320a, 336a, 2.3: 354a, 372a, 388a, 406a, 424a, 444a, 458a, 470a, 486a, 508a, 2.4: 21a, 26a, 42a, 46a, 55a, 60a, 76a, 80a, 85a, 90a, 110a, 114a, 121a, 126a, 144a, 148a, 155a, 160a, 178a, 182a, 2.5: 191a, 196a, 212a, 216a, 223a, 228a,

21


248a, 252a, 257a, 262a, 278a, 282a, 289a, 294a, 314a, 318a, 325a, 330a, 348a, 352a, 2.6: 361a, 366a, 370–371, 382a, 386a, 393a, 398a, 418a, 422a, 427a, 432a, 448a, 452a, 459a, 464a, 488a, 492a, 497a, 502a, 520a, 524a

Bilingual children. See Access for All, ELL (English Language Learners) suggestions.

Biography. See Genres.

Book parts. See Parts of a book.

CCapitalization

nouns, proper, 2.2: 223c, 239b, 241b, 242–243, 245b, 247g, UR•26, 2.6: 365b, 381c, 384a, 384–385, 389b, 391g, UR•16

sentences, 2.1: 25c, 43c, 45b, 46–47, 49c, 51gSee also Writing process, proofread/edit.

Card catalog. See Reference sources.Categorize. See Classify/categorize.Cause and effect, 2.2: 191a, 196–197, 198–199, 200–201, 202–203,

204–205, 207a, 217b, 217f, 232–233, 267a, 283a, 284h, 288–289, 292–293, 296–297, 303a, 308–309, 310–311, 311a, 313b, 313f, UR•13–UR•14, UR•43–UR•44, 2.3: : 360–361, 410–411, 449a, 468–469, 470h, 496–497, 2.5: 226a, 226–227, 230a, 234–235, 242–243, 244–245, 249a, 255b, 255f, UR•23–UR•24, 2.6: 417a, 442–443, 448h. See also Listening comprehension.

Central message of text. See Main idea, Theme.Chapter headings. See Parts of a book. Character, 2.1: 25a, 26h, 28–29, 32–33, 36–37, 38–39, 40–41, 45a, 51b, 51f,

87a–87b, 92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 103a, 105a, 113b, 113f, 158–159, 173b, 174h, UR•13–UR•14, UR•33–UR•34, 2.2: 245a, 335a, 2.3: 443a, 451c, 2.4: 30–31, 42h, 2.5: 211a, 292a, 292–293, 296a, 298–299, 300–301, 302–303, 306–307, 308–309, 310–311, 315a, 323b, 323f, 334–335, 348h, 357c, UR•43–UR•44, 2.6: 529c. See also Listening, comprehension.

Characterization. See Fluency, reading. Character, Pillars of

caring, 2.6: 455ecitizenship, 2.3: 39efairness, 2.5: 285erespect, 2.1: 48fresponsibility, 2.4: 117etrustworthiness, 2.2: 275e

Chart/table. See Graphic sources. Choral reading. See Fluency, reading; Oral reading ability. Chronology. See Sequence; Story structure, sequence; Text structure,

sequence.

Classify/categorizestatements of evidence. See Fact and opinion.words, 2.5: 262g, 262–263, 274–275, 286–287, UR•32

Classroom-based assessment. See Assessment, progress monitoring. In addition, “If/then” corrective feedback and progress monitoring opportunities occur throughout lessons and Guide Comprehension questions.

Classroom management, 2.1: 20b–20e, 52b–52e, 82b–82e, 114b–114e, 150b–150e, 2.2: 186b–186e, 218b–218e, 248b–248e, 278b–278e, 314b–314e, 2.3: 348b–348e, 382b–382e, 418b–418e, 452b–452e, 480b–480e, 2.4: 20b–20e, 54b–54e, 84b–84e, 120b–120e, 154b–154e, 2.5: 190b–190e, 222b–222e, 256b–256e, 288b–288e, 324b–324e, 2.6: 360b–360e, 392b–392e, 426b–426e, 458b–458e, 496b–496e

Close reading, 2.1: 26–43, 48–49a, 58–71, 76–79, 88–103, 108–111, 120–139, 144–147, 156–173, 178–181, 2.2: 192–207, 212–215, 224–239, 244–245a, 254–267, 272–275, 284–301, 306–311a, 320–335, 340–343,

2.3: 354–371, 376–379, 388–405, 410–415a, 424–443, 448–449a, 458–469, 474–477, 486–507, 512–515, 2.4: 28–41, 46–51a, 62–75, 80–81a, 92–109, 114–117, 128–143, 148–151, 162–177, 182–185, 2.5: 198–211, 216–219, 230–247, 252–253a, 264–277, 282–285, 296–313, 332–347, 352–355, 2.6: 368–381, 400–417, 422–423a, 434–447, 452–455, 466–487, 492–493a, 504–519, 524–527

Commaaddresses/dates, 2.6: 463b, 487c, 490a, 490–491, 493c, 495g, UR•46compound sentences, 2.6: 501b, 519b, 522a, 522–523, 527b,

529g, UR•56letter format, 2.6: 463b, 490a, 490–491, 495g

Communication, oral. See Listening, Speaking.Community, involvement of. See School-home connection.Compare and contrast, 2.1: 71a, 78–79, 103a, 130–131, 140h, 2.2: 239a,

300–301, 302h, 319a, 320h, 324–325, 328–329, 332–333, 337a, 340–341, 342–343, 345b, 345f, UR•53–UR•54, 2.3: 423a, 424g, 426–427, 428–429, 432–433, 436–437, 440–441, 445a, 451b, 451f, 462–463, UR•33–UR•34, 2.4: 81a, 114–115, 2.5: 252–253, 253a, 313a, 2.6: 364a, 364–365, 368a, 372–373, 374–375, 378–379, 383a, 388–389, 391b, 391f, 417a, 454–455, 512–513, 520h, UR•13–UR•14. See also Listening, listening, comprehension.

Composition. See Writing forms/products; Writing modes; Writing process; Writing traits.

Compound words, 2.3: 421a, 422, 422a, 422b–422c, 424c, 444c, 444d, 448d, 448e–448f, 450c, 451e, 474c, 512d, UR•30, 2.4: 159a, 2.5: 294g, 294–295, 302–303, 314g, 322–323, 329a, UR•42, 2.6: 397a, 463a. See also Spelling, word analysis; Vocabulary skills/strategies; Word analysis.

Comprehension skills, explicit/implicit instruction. See Author’s purpose, Cause and effect, Character, Classify/categorize, Compare and contrast, Conclusions, draw, Fact and opinion, Facts and details, Graphic sources, Main idea, Plot, Sequence, Setting, Theme.

Comprehension strategies. See Background knowledge, Graphic and semantic organizers, Important ideas, Inferring, Monitor and clarify, Predict, Prereading strategies, Questioning, Self-check, Story structure, Summarize, Text features, Text structure, Visualizing.

Computers, using. See Technology; Writing, with technology. Conclusions, draw, 2.3: 410–411, 412–413, 417b, 417f, 434–435, 440–441,

444h, 507a, UR•23–UR•24, 2.4: 24a, 24–25, 28a, 30–31, 32–33, 34–35, 36–37, 38–39, 41a, 43a, 48–49, 50–51, 51a, 53b, 53f, 75a, 109a, 130–131, 144h, UR•13–UR•14, 2.5: 216–217, 218–219, 247a, 277a, 313a, 2.6: 381a, 382h, 417a, 422–423, 430a, 430–431, 434a, 436–437, 447a, 449a, 454–455, 457b, 457f, 444–445, UR•33–UR•34, See also Listening, comprehension.

Conjunctionscoordinate, 2.6: 501b, 519b, 522a, 522–523, 527b, 529g

Connections, makingtext to self, 2.1: 43a, 45a, 71a, 105a, 173a, 180–181, 2.2: 207a, 269a,

2.3: 371a, 373a, 405a, 407a, 2.4: 41a, 43a, 77a, 109a, 143a, 179a, 2.5: 249a, 277a, 279a, 315a, 347a, 2.6: 381a, 383a, 417a, 447a, 449a, 519a

text to text, 2.1: 49a, 78–79, 103a, 110–111, 175a, 2.2: 214–215, 245a, 311a, 335a, 337a, 342–343, 2.3: 378–379, 415a, 443a, 449a, 476–477, 507a, 509a, 2.4: 51a, 81a, 111a, 116–117, 184–185, 2.5: 218–219, 253a, 284–285, 320–321, 354–355, 2.6: 388–389, 423a, 493a, 526–527

text to world, 2.1: 73a, 141a, 175a, 2.2: 241a, 267a, 301a, 2.3: 445a, 471a, 507a, 2.4: 75a, 145a, 177a, 2.5: 211a, 213a, 247a, 313a, 349a, 2.6: 419a, 487a, 489a, 521a

See also Cross-curricular connections.

22


Content-area textsscience, 2.1: 76h, 76–79, 108h, 108–111, 178h, 178–181, 2.3: 376h,

376–379, 2.4: 80h, 80–81, 81a, 114h, 114–117, 182h, 182–185, 2.5: 282h, 282–285

social studies, 2.2: 212h, 212–215, 306h, 306–309, 340h, 340–343, 2.3: 410h, 410–415, 2.4: 46h, 2.5: 216h, 216–219, 318h, 318–321, 2.6: 386h, 386–389, 492h, 492–493, 493a, 524h, 524–527

technology, 2.1: 144h, 144–147, 2.2: 272h, 272–275, 2.3: 512h, 512–515, 2.4: 148h, 148–151, 2.5: 352h, 352–355, 2.6: 452h, 452–453

Content-area vocabulary science, 2.1: 78–79, 110–111, 180–181, 2.3: 367h, 376–379, 2.4: 81a,

114–117, 184–185, 2.5: 284–285social studies, 2.2: 214–215, 274–275, 2.3: 412–413, 415a, 476–477, 479c,

514–515, 2.4: 51a, 116–117, 150–151, 2.5: 218–219, 253a, 320–321, 354–355, 2.6: 388–389, 493a, 526–527

Content Knowledge Amazing Words, 2.1: 22a–22b, 26a–26b, 44a–44b, 48a–48b, 50a–50b,

54a–54b, 58a–58b, 72a–72b, 76a–76b, 80a–80b, 84a–84b, 88a–88b, 104a–104b, 108a–108b, 112a–112b, 116a–116b, 120a–120b, 140a–140b, 144a–144b, 148a–148b, 152a–152b, 156a–156b, 174a–174b, 178a–178b, 182a–182b, 2.2: 188a–188b, 192a–192b, 208a–208b, 212a–212b, 216a–216b, 220a–220b, 224a–224b, 240a–240b, 244a–244b, 246a–246b, 250a–250b, 254a–254b, 268a–268b, 272a–272b, 276a–276b, 280a–280b, 284a–284b, 302a–302b, 306a–306b, 312a–312b, 316a–316b, 320a–320b, 336a–336b, 340a–340b, 344a–344b, 2.3: 350a–350b, 354a–354b, 372a–372b, 376a–376b, 380a–380b, 384a–384b, 388a–388b, 406a–406b, 410a–410b, 416a–416b, 420a–420b, 424a–424b, 444a–444b, 448a–448b, 450a–450b, 454a–454b, 458a–458b, 470a–470b, 474a–474b, 478a–478b, 482a–482b, 486a–486b, 508a–508b, 512a–512b, 516a–516b, 2.4: 21a–21b, 26a–26b, 42a–42b, 46a–46b, 52a–52b, 55a–55b, 60a–60b, 76a–76b, 80a–80b, 82a–82b, 85a–85b, 90a–90b, 110a–110b, 114a–114b, 118a–118b, 121a–121b, 126a–126b, 144a–144b, 148a–148b, 152a–152b, 155a–155b, 160a–160b, 178a–178b, 182a–182b, 186a–186b, 2.5: 191a–191b, 196a–196b, 212a–212b, 216a–216b, 220a–220b, 223a–223b, 228a–228b, 248a–248b, 252a–252b, 254a–254b, 257a–257b, 262a–262b, 278a–278b, 282a–282b, 286a–286b, 289a–289b, 294a–294b, 314a–314b, 318a–318b, 322a–322b, 325a–325b, 330a–330b, 348a–348b, 352a–352b, 356a–356b, 2.6: 361a–361b, 366a–366b, 382a–382b, 386a–386b, 390a–390b, 393a–393b, 398a–398b, 418a–418b, 422a–422b, 424a–424b, 427a–427b, 432a–432b, 448a–448b, 452a–452b, 456a–456b, 459a–459b, 464a–464b, 488a–488b, 492a–492b, 494a–494b, 497a–497b, 502a–502b, 520a–520b, 524a–524b, 528a–528b

build oral language, 2.1: 20j, 20–21, 26a, 44a, 48a, 50a, 52j, 52–53, 58a, 72a, 76a, 80a, 82j, 82–83, 88a, 104a, 108a, 112a, 114j, 114–115, 120a, 140a, 144a, 148a, 150j, 150–151, 156a, 174a, 178a, 182c, 2.2: 186j, 186–187, 192a, 208a, 212a, 216a, 218j, 218–219, 224a, 240a, 244a, 246a, 248j, 248–249, 254a, 268a, 272a, 276a, 278j, 278–279, 284a, 302a, 306a, 312a, 314j, 314–315, 320a, 336a, 340a, 344a, 2.3: 348j, 348–349, 354a, 372a, 376a, 380a, 382j, 382–383, 388a, 406a, 410a, 416a, 418j, 418–419, 424a, 444a, 448a, 450a, 452j, 452–453, 458a, 470a, 474a, 478a, 480j, 480–481, 486a, 508a, 512a, 516a, 2.4: 20j, 20–21, 26a, 42a, 46a, 52a, 54j, 54–55, 60a, 76a, 80a, 82a, 84j, 84–85, 90a, 110a, 114a, 118a, 120j, 120–121, 126a, 144a, 148a, 152a, 154j, 154–155, 160a, 178a, 182a, 186a, 2.5: 190j, 190–191, 196a, 212a, 216a, 220a, 222j, 222–223, 228a, 248a, 252a, 254a, 256j, 256–257, 262a, 278a, 282a, 286a, 288j, 288–289, 294a, 314a, 318a, 322a, 324j, 324–325, 330a, 348a, 352a, 356a, 2.6: 360j, 360–361, 366a, 382a, 386a, 390a, 392j, 392–393, 398a, 418a, 422a, 424a, 426j, 426–427, 432a, 448a, 452a, 456a, 458j, 458–459, 464a, 488a, 492a, 494a, 496j, 496–497, 502a, 520a, 524a, 528a

build oral vocabulary, 2.1: 22a–22b, 26b, 44b, 48b, 50b, 54a–54b, 58b, 72b, 76b, 80b, 84a–84b, 88b, 104b, 108b, 112b, 116a–116b, 120b, 140b,

144b, 148b, 152a–152b, 156b, 174b, 178b, 182b, 2.2: 188a–188b, 192b, 208b, 212b, 216b, 220a–220b, 224b, 240b, 244b, 246b, 250a–250b, 254b, 268b, 272b, 276b, 280a–280b, 284b, 302b, 306b, 312b, 316a–316b, 320b, 336b, 340b, 344b, 2.3: 350a–350b, 354b, 372b, 372b, 376b, 380b, 384a–384b, 388b, 406b, 410b, 416b, 420a–420b, 424b, 444b, 448b, 450b, 454a–454b, 458b, 470b, 474b, 478b, 482a–482b, 486b, 508b, 512b, 516b, 2.4: 21a–21b, 26b, 42b, 46b, 52b, 55a–55b, 60b, 76b, 80b, 82b, 85a–85b, 90b, 110b, 114b, 118b, 121a–121b, 126b, 144b, 148b, 152b, 155a–155b, 160b, 178b, 182b, 186b, 2.5: 191a–191b, 196b, 212b, 216b, 220b, 223a–223b, 228b, 248b, 252b, 254b, 257a–257b, 262b, 278b, 282b, 286b, 289a–289b, 294b, 314b, 318b, 322b, 328a–325b, 330b, 348b, 352b, 356b, 2.6: 361a–361b, 366b, 382b, 386b, 390b, 393a–393b, 398b, 418b, 422b, 424b, 427a–427b, 432b, 448b, 452b, 456b, 459a–459b, 464b, 488b, 492b, 494b, 497a–497b, 502b, 520b, 524b, 528b

Context clues for meaning antonyms, 2.3: 354f, 360–361, 380–381, 424f, 428–429, 450–451, UR•12,

UR•32, 2.4: 59a, 60g, 60–61, 66–67, 76g, 83a, UR•22homophones, 2.2: 284f, 288–289, 312–313, UR•42, 2.6: 366g, 366–367,

376–377, 382g, 390–391, UR•12multiple-meaning words, 2.2: 234–235, 2.4: 26g, 26–27, 32–33, 42g,

52–53, 126g, 126–127, 138–139, 144g, 153a, UR•12, UR•42, 2.6: 398g, 398–399, 406–407, 418g, 424–425, 502g, 502–503, 520g, UR•22, UR•52

unfamiliar words, 2.1: 96–97, 2.2: 192f, 194–195, 196–197, 216–217, 217a, 320f, 324–325, 344–345, UR•12, UR•52, 2.3: 362–363, 2.5: 228g, 228–229, 240–241, 248g, 254–255, 2.6: 464g, 464–465, 476–477, 488g, 494–495, UR•42

See also Vocabulary skills/strategies. Contractions, 2.5: 329b, 347b, 350a, 350–351, 355b, 357g, UR•56. See also

Apostrophe; Spelling, word analysis; Word analysis.Contrasting. See Compare and contrast.Conventions of standard language. See Adjectives; Adverbs;

Apostrophe; Capitalization; Comma; Conjunctions; Contractions; Exclamation mark; Nouns; Period; Prepositions; Pronouns; Question mark; Quotation marks; Sentences; Subject/verb agreement; Verbs; Writing process, proofread/edit.

Creative/dramatic activities. See Listening, Speaking. Critical thinking. See Higher-order thinking skills.Cross-curricular connections

science, 2.1: 66–67, 76h, 96–97, 108h, 124–125, 170–171, 178h, 178–181, 2.2: 196–197, 292–293, 322–323, 330–331, 2.3: 356–357, 366–367, 376h, 376–379, 432–433, 436–437, 504–505, 2.4: 28–29, 70–71, 80h, 102–103, 138–139, 164–165, 182h, 182–185, 2.5: 272–273, 282h, 284–285, 2.6: 436–437, 476–477

social studies, 2.1: 40–41, 2.2: 212h, 234–235, 262–263, 300–301, 306h, 340h, 2.3: 390–391, 402–403, 410h, 460–461, 492–493, 2.4: 46h, 172–173, 2.5: 198–199, 216h, 218–219, 244–245, 253a, 318h, 320–321, 344–345, 2.6: 368–369, 386h, 386–389, 414–415, 484–485, 506–507

See also Content-area texts, Content-area vocabulary.

Cross-text evaluation, 2.1: 42–43, 70–71, 102–103, 138–139, 172–173, 2.2: 206–207, 238–239, 266–267, 300–301, 334–335, 2.3: 370–371, 404–405, 442–443, 468–469, 506–507, 2.4: 40–41, 72–73, 108–109, 140–141, 176–177, 2.5: 210–211, 246–247, 276–277, 312–313, 346–347, 2.6: 368–369, 380–381, 416–417, 446–447, 484–485, 518–519. See also Connections, making; Reading and Writing across Texts.

Culturecharacteristics of in literary texts, 2.3: 469a, 479cmedia and, 2.5: 219e, 220–221, 221atraditions of, celebrating, 2.6: 496j, 496–497, 502a, 520b, 524a, 528avalues and, 2.3: 469a, 479c

Cursive. See Handwriting.

23


DDecodable Practice Reader, 2.1: 24b–24c, 44d, 48e–48f, 56b–56c, 72d,

76e–76f, 86b–86c, 104d, 108e–108f, 118b–118c, 140d, 144e–144f, 154b–154c, 174d, 178e–178f, 2.2: 190b–190c, 208d, 212e–212f, 222b–222c, 240d, 244e–244f, 252b–252c, 268d, 272e–272f, 282b–282c, 302d, 306e–306f, 318b–318c, 336d, 340e–340f, 2.3: 352b–352c, 372d, 376e–376f, 386b–386c, 406d, 410e–410f, 422b–422c, 444d, 448e–448f, 456b–456c, 470d, 474e–474f, 484b–484c, 508d, 512e–512f, 2.4: 23c–23d, 42d, 46e–46f, 57c–57d, 76d, 80e–80f, 87c–87d, 110d, 114e–114f, 123c–123d, 144d, 148e–148f, 157c–157d, 178d, 182e–182f, 2.5: 193c–193d, 212d, 216e–216f, 225c–225d, 248d, 252e–252f, 259c–259d, 278d, 282e–282f, 291c–291d, 314d, 318e–318f, 327c–327d, 348d, 352e–352f, 2.6: 363c–363d, 382d, 386e–386f, 395c–395d, 418d, 422e–422f, 429c–429d, 448d, 452e–452f, 461c–461d, 488d, 492e–492f, 499c–499d, 520d, 524e–524f

Decoding. See Decodable Practice Reader, Phonics/decoding, Word analysis.

Details. See Facts and details, Main idea.Diagram/scale drawing. See Graphic sources. Dialogue. See Literary terms.Dictionary/glossary

alphabetical order, 2.1: 71g, 2.5: 228gdefinition, 2.5: 228g, 228–229, 240–241, 248g, 254–255, UR•22guide words, 2.2: 224f, 234–235, 246–247, UR•22, 2.5: 228–229multiple-meaning words, 2.4: 144g, 2.5: 254–255unknown words, 2.5: 228g, 228–229See also Reference sources, Vocabulary skills/strategies.

Differentiated instruction. See Access for All. Directions, follow/give, 2.2: 215e, 216–217, 217a, 343e, 344–345, 345a.

See also Genres, procedural text.

Discussion. See Listening, Speaking.Domain-specific words. See Academic vocabulary. Drama. See Genres. Dramatic activities. See Listening, Speaking.Draw conclusions. See Conclusions, draw.

EElectronic information. See Media literacy; Technology. ELL (English Language Learners) suggestions. See Access for All.E-mail. See Genres; Technology, new literacies.

Encyclopedia (as a reference source). See Reference sources. Endings. See Spelling, word analysis; Vocabulary skills/strategies;

Word analysis. End punctuation. See Exclamation mark, Period, Question mark.English, conventions of. See Adjectives; Adverbs; Apostrophe;

Capitalization; Commas; Conjunctions; Contractions; Exclamation mark; Nouns; Period; Prepositions; Pronouns; Question mark; Quotation marks; Sentences; Subject/verb agreement; Verbs; Writing process, proofread/edit.

ESL (English as a Second Language). See Access for All, ELL (English Language Learners) suggestions.

Essential message. See Main idea, Theme.Evaluating. See Higher-order thinking skills.Evaluating sources. See Technology, skills for using technology.

Evaluation. See Assessment.Exaggeration. See Literary terms.

Exclamation mark, 2.1: 155c, 173c, 175b, 176–177, 181b, 183g, UR•56

Expository text/article. See Genres, Text features.Expression/intonation. See Fluency, reading.

FFable. See Genres. Fact and fiction. See Fact and opinion.Fact and opinion, 2.2: 208h, 2.3: 485a, 492–493, 494–495, 500–501,

502–503, 509a, 517b, 517f, UR•53–UR•54, 2.4: 64–65, 76h, 88a, 88–89, 92a, 96–97, 98–99, 100–101, 104–105, 106–107, 111a, 116–117, 119b, 119f, UR•33–UR•34, 2.5: 194a, 194–195, 198a, 200–201, 202–203, 206–207, 208–209, 213a, 221b, 221f, UR•13–UR•14, 2.6: 404–405, 492–493. See also Listening, comprehension.

Facts and details, 2.1: 71b, 149c, 155a, 158–159, 160–161, 162–163, 164–165, 168–169, 170–171, 178–179, 180–181, 183b, 183f, UR•53–UR•54, 2.2: 230–231, 240h, 253a, 254h, 256–257, 260–261, 262–263, 264–265, 269a, 277b, 277f, UR•33–UR•34, 2.4: 96–97, 110h, 182h, 184–185, 2.5: 232–233, 248h, 2.6: 388–389, 417a, 500a, 500–501, 504a, 508–509, 510–511, 512–513, 516–517, 521a, 526–527, 529b, 529f, UR•53–UR•54. See also Listening, comprehension.

Family involvement. See School-home connection.Fantasy. See Genres.Fiction and nonfiction, distinguishing, 2.1: 43g, 2.3: 376h, 381c,

417c, 512a

Figurative language idiom, 2.2: 345c, 2.3: 371b, 2.5: 277bmetaphor, 2.4: 187cpersonification, 2.4: 187csimile, 2.3: 405b

Fix-up strategies. See Monitor and clarify.Fluency, reading

accuracy, 2.1: 51d, 72f, 79a, 81a, 81d, 104f, 111a, 113a, 149d, 183d, UR•25, UR•35, 2.2: 208f, 215a, 217a, 217d, 247d, 277d, 313d, 336f, 343a, 345a, 345d, UR•15, UR•55, 2.3: 381d, 406f, 415b, 417a, 417d, 451d, 479d, 517d, UR•25, 2.4: 42f, 51b, 53a, 76f, 81b, 83a, 83d, 119d, 153d, UR•15, UR•25, 2.5: 212f, 219a, 221ab 248f, 253b, 255a, 255d, 287d, 323d, 357d, UR•15, UR•25, 2.6: 382f, 389a, 391a, 391d, 418f, 423b, 425a, 425d, 457d, 488f, 493b, 495a, 495d, 529d, UR•15, UR•25, UR•15

assessment (taking a running record), 2.1: 49b, 49c, 51d–51f, 79a, 79b, 81d–81f, 111a, 111b, 113d–113f, 140f, 147a, 147b, 149a, 49d–149f, 174f, 181a, 183s,181b, 183d–183f, 2.2: 208f, 215a, 215b, 217d–217f, 245b, 245c, 247d–247f, 268f, 275a, 275b, 277d–277f, 311b, 311c, 313d–313f, 336f, 343a, 343b, 345d–345f, 2.3: 379a, 379b, 381d–381f, 415b, 415c, 417d–417f, 449b, 449c, 451d–451f, 477a, 477b, 479d–479f, 515a, 515b, 517d–517f, 2.4: 51b, 51c, 53d–53f, 81b, 81c, 83d–83f, 117a, 117b, 119d–119f, 151a, 151b, 153d–153f, 185a, 185b, 187d–187f, 2.5: 219a, 219b, 221d–221f, 253b, 253c, 255d–225f, 285a, 285b, 287d–287f, 321a, 321b, 323d–323f, 355a, 355b, 357d–357f, 2.6: 389a, 389b, 391d–391f, 423b, 423c, 425d–425f, 455a, 455b, 457d–457f, 493b, 493c, 495d–495f, 527a, 527b, 529d–429f

automaticity. See Fluency, reading, word reading.characterization, 2.2: 302f, 313a, 2.3: 444f, 449b, 451a, 2.5: 314f, 321achoral reading, 2.1: 44f, 72f, 104f, 140f, 174f, 2.2: 208f, 240f, 268f, 302f,

336f, 2.3: 372f, 406f, 444f, 470f, 508f, 2.4: 42f, 76f, 110f, 144f, 178f, 2.5: 212f, 248f, 278f, 314f, 348f, 2.6: 382f, 418f, 448f, 488f, 520f

expression/intonation, 2.1: 174f, 181a, 183a, UR•55, 2.2: 240f, 245b, 247a, 302f, 311b, 313a, UR•25, UR•4•5, 2.3: 449b, 451a, 508f, 515a, 517a, UR•35, UR•55, 2.4: 144f, 151a, 153a, 178f, 185a, 187a, UR•45, UR•55, 2.5: 278f, 285a, 287a, 314f, 321a, 323a, UR•35, UR•45

24


modeling by teacher, 2.1: 44f, 72f, 104f, 140f, 174f, 2.2: 208f, 240f, 268f, 302f, 336f, 2.3: 372f, 406f, 470f, 508f, 2.4: 42f, 76f, 110f, 144f, 178f, 2.5: 212f, 248f, 278f, 314f, 348f, 2.6: 382f, 418f, 448f, 488f, 520f

paired reading, 2.1: 43b, 49b, 71b, 79a, 103a, 111a, 139a, 147a, 173b, 181a, 2.2: 207a, 215a, 239a, 245b, 267b, 275a, 301b, 311b, 335a, 343a, 2.3: 371b, 379a, 405b, 415b, 443a, 449b, 469a, 477a, 507b, 515a, 2.4: 26–27, 51b, 60–61, 81b, 90–91, 117a, 126–127, 151a, 160–161, 185a, 2.5: 196–197, 219a, 228–229, 253b, 262–263, 285a, 294–295, 321a, 330–331, 355a, 2.6: 366–367, 389a, 398–399, 423b, 432–433, 455a, 464–465, 493b, 502–503, 527a, UR•15, UR•25, UR•45

rate, 2.1: 44f, 49b, 51a, 104f, 111a, 113a, UR•15, UR•35, 2.2: 208f, 215a, 217a, UR•15, 2.3: 372f, 379a, 381a, 379a, 406f, 415b, 417a, UR•15, UR•25, 2.4: 42f, 51b, 53a, UR•15, 2.5: 248f, 253b, 255a, UR•55, 2.6: 382f, 389a, 391a, 488f, 493b, 495a, UR•15, UR•45

reread, 2.1: 24c, 43b, 44f, 48f, 49c, 56c, 71b, 72f, 76f, 79b, 86c, 103a, 104f, 108f, 111b, 118c, 139a, 140f, 144f, 154c, 173b, 174f, 178f, 2.2: 190c, 207a, 208f, 212f, 222c, 239a, 240f, 244f, 245c, 252c, 267b, 268f, 272f, 282c, 301b, 302f, 306f, 311c, 318c, 335a, 336f, 340f, 343b, 2.3: 352c, 371b, 372f, 376f, 379b, 386c, 405b, 406f, 410f, 415c, 422c, 443a, 444f, 448f, 449c, 456c, 470f, 474f, 477b, 484c, 507b, 508f, 512f, 515b, UR•15, UR•35, UR•45, UR•55, 2.4: 23d, 26–27, 42f, 46f, 51c, 57d, 60–61, 76f, 80f, 81c, 87d, 90–91, 110f, 114f, 117b, 123d, 126–127, 144f, 148f, 151b, 157d, 160–161, 178f, 182f, 185b, 2.5: 193d, 196–197, 212f, 216f, 219b, 225d, 228–229, 248f, 252f, 253c, 259d, 262–263, 278f, 282f, 285b, 291d, 294–295, 314f, 318f, 321b, 327d, 330–331, 348f, 352f, 355b, 2.6: 363d, 366–367, 382f, 386f, 389b, 395d, 398–399, 418f, 422f, 423c, 429d, 432–433, 448f, 452f, 455b, 461d, 464–465, 488f, 492f, 493c, 499d, 502–503, 520f, 524f, 527b

word reading, 2.1: 36–37, 44d, 48d, 60–61, 72d, 76d, 98–99, 104d, 108d, 130–131, 140d, 144d, 166–167, 174d, 178d, 2.2: 196–197, 198–199, 208d, 212d, 226–227, 240d, 244d, 258–259, 268d, 272d, 290–291, 302d, 306d, 326–327, 336d, 340d, 2.3: 356–357, 372d, 376d, 396–397, 398–399, 406d, 410d, 426–427, 438–439, 444d, 448d, 464–465, 470d, 474d, 496–497, 508d, 512d, 2.4: 34–35, 42d, 46d, 68–69, 76d, 80d, 98–99, 110d, 114d, 132–133, 144d, 148d, 170–171, 178d, 182d, 2.5: 204–205, 212d, 216d, 236–237, 248d, 252d, 270–271, 278d, 282d, 314d, 318d, 348d, 352d, 2.6: 370–371, 382d, 386d, 406–407, 418d, 422d, 440–441, 448d, 452d, 474–475, 488d, 492d, 520d, 512–513, 524d

See also Independent Practice Stations, Oral reading ability.

Folk tale. See Genres.Following directions. See Directions, follow/give.Foreshadowing. See Literary terms.Formal English. See Speaking, behaviors.

Formative assessment. See Assessment.Format (of text). See Text features, Text structure. Foundational skills. See Fluency, reading; Phonemic awareness;

Phonics.Free verse. See Literary terms, Sound devices and poetic elements.

GGenres

animal fantasy, 2.2: 306aautobiography, 2.3: 376h, 376–379, 381c, 517cbiography, 2.3: 486h, 486–507, 507a, 507b, 508h, 508–509, 509a, 512adrama, 2.1: 156h, 156–173, 173a, 173b, 174h, 174–175, 175a, 2.2: 284h,

284–301, 301a, 302h, 2.3: 586g, 486–507, 507a, 507b, 2.5: 216h, 216–219, 221c

e-mail, 2.4: 148h, 148–151expository text/article, 2.1: 58g, 58–71, 71a, 71b, 72g, 76g, 76–79, 120g,

120–139, 139a, 140g, 140–141, 141a, 144a, 178g, 178–181, 2.2: 212g, 212–215, 240g, 254g, 254–267, 267a, 268g, 2.4: 62a,

62–75, 75a, 76h, 80a, 92a, 92–109, 109a, 110h, 114h, 114–117, 182a, 182h, 182–185, 2.6: 386h, 386–389

fable, 2.2: 340h, 340–343, 2.3: 474h, 474–477, 2.4: 28a, 28–41, 41a, 42hfantasy, 2.3: 354h, 354–371, 371a, 372h, 2.5: 296a, 296–313, 313b, 314hfolk tale, 2.2: 306g, 306–311, 313c, 320g, 320–335, 336g, 340h, 340–343,

2.3: 424g, 424–443, 443a, 443–444, 444h, 474a historical fiction, 2.3: 410h, 410–415, 417chumorous fiction, 2.5: 332a, 332–347, 347a, 348hinformational text, 2.1: 113c, 139a, 149c, 2.2: 217c, 224g, 224–239,

239a, 240g, 240–241, 241a, 2.4: 75b, 109b, 119c, 2.5: 287c, 323c, 2.6: 391c, 417b, 400a, 400–417, 417a, 417b, 418h, 425c, 466–487, 487a, 488h, 488–489, 489a, 492h, 492–493, 493a, 524h, 524–527

legend, 2.4: 162a, 162–177, 177a, 178h, 178–179, 179aliterary nonfiction, 2.1: 76a, 2.2: 192h, 192–207, 207a, 208h, 212a,

2.5: 198a, 198–211, 211a, 212hmagazine article, 2.5: 318h, 318–321, 323cmyth, 2.4: 128a, 128–143, 143a, 144h, 144–145, 145anarrative nonfiction, 2.2: 340anonfiction, 2.2: 272gonline directory, 2.6: 452h, 452–455online reference sources, 2.1: 144h, 144–147play, 2.1: 156h, 156–173, 173a, 173b, 174h, 174–175, 175a, 2.2: 284h,

284–301, 301a, 302h, 2.5: 216h, 216–219, 221cpoetry, 2.1: 48h, 48–49, 49a, 51c, 2.2: 244h, 244–245, 247c, 2.3: 448h,

448–449, 449a, 2.4: 80h, 80–81, 2.5: 252h, 252–253, 253a, 2.6: 422h, 422–423, 423a

procedural text, 2.1: 108h, 108–111, 113c, 2.5: 282h, 282–285, 287crealistic fiction, 2.1: 26g, 26–43, 43a, 44h, 48a, 88g, 88–103, 103a, 104g,

108a, 178a, 2.3: 376a, 388g, 388–405, 405a, 406g, 410a, 458g, 458–469, 469a, 470g, 2.4: 46a, 114a, 2.5: 216a, 230a, 230–247, 247a, 248h, 252a, 264a, 264–277, 277a, 278h, 278–279, 279a, 282a, 2.6: 368a, 368–381, 381a, 382h, 386a, 433a, 434–447, 447a, 448h, 448–449, 449a, 503a, 504–519a, 519a

recipe, 2.4: 176–177search engine, 2.3: 512h, 512–515tall tale, 2.4: 46h, 46–51, 53cWeb site, 2.1: 144h, 144–147

Gifted students. See Access for All, advanced learners.

Glossary. See Dictionary/glossary, Parts of a book. Goal and outcome. See Plot, Story structure. Grammar and usage. See Abbreviations, Adjectives, Adverbs,

Conjunctions, Contractions, Nouns, Prepositions, Pronouns, Sentences, Subject/verb agreement, Verbs.

Graph. See Graphic sources.Graphic and semantic organizers

as comprehension tool, 2.1: 52j, 52–53, 58b, 71b, 72b, 76b, 80a 103a, 139a, 2.2: 239a, 267b, 335a, 2.3: 371b, 405b, 443a, 479a, 485a, 507b, 2.4: 41b, 143a, 2.5: 247b, 277b, 313b, 374a, 2.6: 381b, 417b, 447b, 457c

as concept development tool, 2.1: 26b, 44b, 48b, 50a, 58b, 72b, 76b, 80a, 88b, 104b, 108b, 112a, 120b, 140b, 144b, 148a, 156b, 174b, 182a, 2.2: 192b, 208b, 212b, 216a, 224b, 240b, 244b, 246a, 254b, 268b, 272b, 276a, 284b, 302b, 306b, 312a, 320b, 336b, 340b, 344a, 2.3: 354b, 372b, 376b, 380a, 388b, 406b, 410b, 416s, 424b, 444b, 448b, 450a, 458b, 470b, 474b, 478a, 486b, 508b, 512b, 516a, 2.4: 26b, 42b, 46b, 52a, 60b, 76b, 80b, 82a, 90b, 110b, 114b, 118a, 126b, 144b, 148b, 152a, 160b, 178b, 182b, 186a, 2.5: 196b, 212b, 216b, 220a, 228b, 248b, 252b, 254a, 262b, 278b, 282b, 286a, 294b, 314b, 318b, 322a, 330b, 348b, 352b, 356a, 2.6: 366b, 382b, 386b, 390a, 398b, 418b, 422b, 424a, 432b, 448b, 451b, 456a, 464b, 488h, 492b, 494a, 502b, 520b, 524b, 528a

as conventions tool, 2.2: 239b, 277g, 2.3: 471b, 485cas phonics/word analysis tool, 2.1: 48c, 76c, 108c, 178c, 2.2: 208c, 212c,

240c, 244c, 272c, 302c, 306c, 340c, 2.3: 376c, 443c, 508c, 2.4: 46c,

25


80c, 144c, 148c, 148c, 178c, 182c, 2.5: 212c, 216c, 248c, 252c, 282c, 293a, 318c, 352c, 2.6: 382c, 386c, 418c, 422c, 448c, 452c, 488c, 492c, 520c, 524c

as research/study skills tool, 2.1: 25f, 47b, 57f, 75b, 81j, 87f, 107b, 113j, 119f, 143b, 155f, 2.2: 191f, 211b, 223f, 253f, 271b, 283f, 305b, 319f, 339b, 2.3: 353f, 375b, 387f, 409b, 423f, 457f, 473b, 485f, 2.4: 25e, 45b, 59e, 79b, 89e, 113b, 125e, 159e, 181b, 2.5: 195e, 227e, 261e, 293e, 329e, 2.6: 365e, 397e, 431e, 463e, 501e

as speaking/listening tool, 2.1: 147e, 2.3: 423aas vocabulary tool, 2.1: 26f, 58f, 88f, 120f, 156f, 2.2: 254f, 284f, 320f,

2.3: 354f, 388f, 424f, 458f, 486f, 2.4: 89a, 2.6: 365a, 506aas writing tool, 2.1: 43d, 43e, 71d, 71e, 107b, 139c, 173d, 173e, 2.2: 207c,

207d, 239c, 239d, 267d, 267e, 301d, 301e, 335c, 335d, 2.3: 371d, 371e, 405d, 405e, 443c, 443d, 469c, 469d, 507d, 507e, 2.4: 41d, 41e, 75d, 75e, 109d, 109e, 143c, 143d, 177c, 177d, 2.5: 211d, 211e, 247d, 247e, 277d, 277e, 313d, 313e, 347c, 347d, 2.6: 381d, 381e, 417d, 417e, 447d, 447e, 487d, 487e, 519c, 519d

types classification chart, 2.1: 43ecolumn chart, 2.1: 26g, 47b, 71b, 108c, 120g, 139a, 156f, 173e, 178c,

2.2: 208c, 212c, 240c, 244c, 253f, 254g, 277g, 302c, 306c, 340c, 2.3: 371b, 372c, 376c, 417g, 443c, 448a, 471b, 508c, 512c, 2.4: 41b, 46c, 52a, 80c, 89a, 144c, 148c, 178c, 182c, 2.5: 212c, 216c, 247b, 248c, 252c, 277b, 282c, 293a, 318c, 352c, 2.6: 365c, 381d, 382c, 386c, 399a, 422c, 448c, 452c, 488c, 492c, 506a, 520c, 524c

compare and contrast chart, 2.1: 103a, 2.2: 335a, 2.3: 443aconcept map, 2.1: 20j, 20–21, 26b, 44b, 48b, 50a, 52j, 52–53, 58b, 72b,

76b, 80a, 82j, 82–83, 88b, 104b, 108b, 112a, 114j, 114–115, 120b, 140b, 144b, 148a, 150j, 150–151, 156b, 156g, 174b, 178b, 182a, 2.2: 186j, 186–187, 192b, 208b, 212b, 216a, 218j, 218–219, 224b, 240b, 244b, 246a, 248j, 248–249, 254b, 268b, 272b, 276a, 278j, 278–279, 284b, 284f, 302b, 306b, 312a, 314j, 314–315, 320b, 336b, 340b, 344a, 2.3: 348j, 348–349, 354b, 372b, 376b, 380a, 382j, 382–383, 388b, 406b, 410b, 416a, 418j, 418–419, 424b, 444b, 448b, 450a, 452j, 452–453, 458b, 470b, 474b, 478a, 480j, 480–481, 486b, 508b, 512b, 516a, 2.4: 20j, 20–21, 26b, 42b, 54j, 54–55, 60b, 76b, 80b, 82a, 84j, 84–85, 90b, 110b, 114b, 118a, 120j, 120–121, 126b, 144b, 154j, 154–155, 160b, 178b, 2.5: 190j, 190–191, 196b, 212b, 222j, 222–223, 228b, 248b, 252c, 254a, 256j, 256–257, 262b, 278b, 282b, 286a, 288j, 288–289, 294b, 314b, 324j, 324–325, 330b, 348b, 2.6: 360j, 360–361, 366b, 382b, 392j, 392–393, 398b, 418b, 426j, 426–427, 432b, 458j, 458–459, 464b, 488b, 496j, 496–497, 502b, 520b

cycle chart, 2.4: 61aKWL chart, 2.1: 52j, 52–53, 58b, 72b, 76b, 80a, 2.5: 247blist, 2.1: 139c, 2.2: 239c, 2.4: 41dmain idea and details chart, 2.1: 71e, 2.4: 41e, 2.6: 367a, 417b, 433aprocess chart, 2.3: 388gstory chart, 2.1: 147e, 2.2: 207d, 301e, 2.3: 371e, 405e, 2.4: 143d,

2.5: 211eT-chart, 2.1: 26f, 48c, 58f, 75b, 76c, 81j, 87f, 88f, 103a, 107b, 113j,

119f, 120f, 143b, 155f, 173d, 177b, 183j, 2.2: 191f, 192g, 207c, 211b, 239b, 253f, 271b, 272c, 301d, 305b, 319f, 335c, 339b, 2.3: 353f, 354f, 371d, 375b, 387f, 388f, 405b, 409b, 410c, 424g, 457f, 58f, 473b, 485a, 485c, 486f, 2.4: 45b, 79b, 89e, 91a, 109b, 109d, 113b, 125e, 127a, 143a, 159e, 178c, 181b, 2.5: 195e, 197a, 211b, 211d, 313b, 347a, 2.6: 418c, 447b, 457c, 465a

time line, 2.2: 239a, 2.3: 507bVenn diagram, 2.1: 58g, 2.3: 423aweb, 2.1: 43d, 71d, 88g, 2.2: 224g, 239d, 284g, 320g, 2.3: 354g,

405d, 424f, 458g, 479c, 486g, 2.4: 109e, 2.5: 229a, 263a, 295a, 331a, 2.6: 503a

Graphic sourceschart/table, 2.4: 109b, 2.5: 313g, 2.6: 391c, 417gdiagram/scale drawing, 2.4: 109b, 109g, 151e

graph, 2.5: 247g, 2.6: 391cillustration (photograph or art), 2.1: 70–71, 76–77, 81c, 113c, 149c,

2.4: 109b, 151emap/globe, 2.1: 138–139, 149c, 173g, 2.4: 109b, 151e, 2.6: 381g, 391cpicture graph, 2.3: 371gschedule, 2.6: 487gtime line, 2.2: 236–237, 239a, 239fSee also Research/study skills.

Grouping students for instruction. See Small Group Time.

HHandwriting

letter form, cursive, 2.3: 469e, 507f, 2.4: 41f, 75f, 109f, 143e, 177e, UR•16, UR•26, UR•36, UR•46, UR•56, 2.5: 211f, 247f, 277f, 313f, 347e, UR•16, UR•26, UR•36, UR•46, UR•56, 2.6: 381f, 417f, 447f, 487f, 519e, UR•16, UR•26, UR•36, UR•46, UR•56

letter form, manuscript, 2.1: 43f, 71f, 103e, 139e, 173f, UR•16, UR•26, UR•36, UR•46, UR•56, 2.2: 207e, 239e, 267f, 301f, 335e, UR•16, UR•26, UR•36, UR•46, UR•56, 2.3: 371f, 443e, 469e, 507f

letter size, 2.1: 43f, UR•16, 2.2: 207e, 239e, UR•16, UR•26, 2.4: 177e, UR•56, 2.5: 313f, UR•46, 2.6: 447f, UR•36

letter slant, 2.1: 103e, UR•36, 2.2: 301f, UR•46, 2.4: 75f, UR•26, 2.5: 347e, UR•56, 2.6: 487f, UR•46

letter smoothness, 2.5: 211f, 277f, UR•16, UR•36, 2.6: 417f, UR•26letter spacing, 2.1: 139e, UR•46, 2.2: 335e, UR•56, 2.4: 109f, UR•36,

2.5: 211f, 247f, UR•26, 2.6: 381f, 519e, UR•16, UR•56number formation, 2.3: 405f, UR•26transition, manuscript to cursive, 2.3: 443e, 469e, 507f, UR•36, UR•46word spacing, 2.1: 173f, UR•56, 2.3: 371f, UR•16, 2.4: 143e, UR•46,

2.6: 381f, 519e, UR•16, UR•56

Higher-order thinking skillsanalysis, 2.1: 26–27, 28–29, 30–31, 36–37, 38–39, 40–41, 58–59, 60–61,

62–63, 66–67, 90–91, 92–93, 94–95, 98–99, 122–123, 126–127, 128–129, 132–133, 136–137, 156–157, 158–159, 160–161, 162–163, 164–165, 170–171, 172–173, 2.2: 192–193, 194–195, 196–197, 200–201, 204–205, 224–225, 230–231, 234–235, 236–237, 254–255, 256–257, 258–259, 260–261, 266–267, 284–285, 286–287, 288–289, 290–291, 292–293, 296–297, 298–299, 300–301, 320–321, 322–323, 324–325, 326–327, 332–333, 334–335, 2.3: 354–355, 358–359, 360–361, 362–363, 364–365, 366–367, 368–369, 388–389, 390–391, 392–393, 398–399, 400–401, 402–403, 424–425, 426–427, 428–429, 430–431, 434–434, 436–437, 438–439, 458–459, 466–467, 468–469, 488–489, 490–491, 492–493, 496–497, 498–499, 500–501, 502–503, 506–507, 2.4: 28–29, 30–31, 64–65, 66–67, 72–73, 74–75, 94–95, 96–97, 102–103, 106–107, 130–131, 132–133, 134–135, 136–137, 138–139, 140–141, 162–163, 164–165, 166–168, 168–169, 2.5: 198–199, 200–201, 202–203, 232–233, 238–239, 240–241, 242–243, 244–245, 266–267, 268–269, 270–271, 272–273, 274–275, 332–333, 334–335, 338–339, 340–341, 2.6: 370–371, 376–377, 400–401, 406–407, 408–409, 412–413, 414–415, 436–437, 438–439, 444–445, 466–467, 468–469, 470–471, 474–475, 476–477, 478–479, 482–483, 504–505, 506–507, 508–509, 512–513, 516–517, 518–519

evaluation, 2.1: 30–31, 32–33, 36–37, 60–61, 70–71, 96–97, 98–99, 102–103, 122–123, 126–127, 168–169, 2.2: 196–197, 202–203, 224–225, 226–227, 230–231, 232–233, 256–257, 260–261, 264–265, 286–287, 292–293, 298–299, 324–325, 326–327, 330–331, 332–333, 2.3: 360–361, 370–371, 390–391, 394–395, 398–399, 404–405, 430–431, 432–433, 434–435, 436–437, 438–439, 440–441, 464–465, 494–495, 496–497, 504–505, 506–507, 2.4: 38–39, 68–69, 70–71, 94–95, 100–101, 104–105, 108–109, 128–129, 136–137, 168–169, 174–175, 176–177, 2.5: 208–209, 230–231, 232–233, 234–235, 236–237, 240–241, 264–265, 266–267, 274–275, 342–343, 2.6: 374–375, 402–403,

26


404–405, 410–411, 414–415, 438–439, 446–447, 468–469, 472–473, 478–479, 484–485, 512–513, 518–519

inference, 2.1: 28–29, 32–33, 34–35, 68–69, 88–89, 92–93, 100–101, 166–167, 2.2: 198–199, 228–229, 260–261, 284–285, 294–295, 300–301, 328–329, 2.3: 358–359, 366–367, 398–399, 402–403, 428–429, 458–459, 490–491, 2.4: 32–33, 64–65, 66–67, 68–69, 70–71, 100–101, 130–131, 140–141, 2.5: 202–203, 230–231, 234–235, 266–267, 272–273, 300–301, 302–303, 306–307, 310–311, 336–337, 2.6: 368–369, 372–373, 374–375, 402–403, 468–469, 478–479, 508–509

synthesis, 2.1: 26–27, 38–39, 42–43, 60–61, 64–65, 70–71, 92–93, 98–99, 100–101, 102–103, 120–121, 134–135, 136–137, 138–139, 164–165, 172–173, 2.2: 194–195, 198–199, 200–201, 206–207, 226–227, 236–237, 238–239, 260–261, 262–263, 266–267, 288–289, 290–291, 298–299, 328–329, 334–335, 2.3: 358–359, 366–367, 370–371, 392–393, 394–395, 396–397, 402–403, 404–405, 424–425, 434–435, 438–439, 440–441, 442–443, 460–461, 462–463, 466–467, 468–469, 486–487, 490–491, 500–501, 502–503, 506–507, 2.4: 62–63, 64–65, 72–73, 92–93, 98–99, 104–105, 106–107, 130–131, 134–135, 142–143, 170–171, 172–173, 174–175, 176–177, 2.5: 234–235, 238–239, 246–247, 268–269, 270–271, 276–277, 2.6: 368–369, 404–405, 416–417, 434–435, 440–441, 442–443, 466–467, 472–473, 480–481, 486–487, 510–511, 514–515, 516–517

High-frequency words, 2.1: 25, 26e, 44g, 51b, 57, 58e, 72g, 81b, 87, 88e, 104g, 119, 120e, 140g, 149b, 155, 156e, 174g, 183b, 2.2: 191, 192e, 208g, 217b, 223, 224e, 240g, 247b, 253, 254e, 268g, 277b, 283, 284e, 302g, 313b, 319, 320e, 336g, 345b, 2.3: 353, 354e, 372g, 381b, 387, 388e, 406g, 417b, 423, 424e, 444g, 451b, 457, 458e, 470g, 479b, 485, 486e, 508g, 517b. See also Vocabulary development.

Historical fiction. See Genres.Home-school connection. See School-home connection.Homework. See School-home connection.Homophones, 2.2: 284f, 288–289, 312–313, 2.6: 366g, 366–367, 376–377,

381a, 382g, 390–391, UR•12. See also Context clues for meaning, Vocabulary skills/strategies.

Humorous fiction. See Genres.

IIdeas, important. See Important ideas.Idiom. See Figurative language, Literary terms.llustration. See Graphic sources, Text features.Implied message. See Main idea, Theme.Important ideas, 2.1: 120g, 124–125, 128–129, 132–133, 136–137,

144–145, 146–147, UR•43, UR•45, 2.4: 46–47, 50–51, 58a, 58–59, 61a, 64–65, 70–71, 72–73, 77a, 80–81, 81a, UR•23, UR•25, 2.5: 194a, 194–195, 197a, 200–201, 202–203, 204–205, 206–207, 208–209, 210–211, 213a, UR•13, UR•15

Independent Practice Stationscomprehension, 2.1: 20i, 52i, 82i, 114i, 150i, 2.2: 186i, 218i, 248i, 278i,

314i, 2.3: 348i, 382i, 418i, 452i, 480i, 2.4: 20i, 54i, 84i, 120i, 154i, 2.5: 190i, 222i, 256i, 288i, 324i, 2.6: 360i, 392i, 426i, 458i, 496i

fluency, 2.1: 20i, 52i, 82i, 114i, 150i, 2.2: 186i, 218i, 248i, 278i, 314i, 2.3: 348i, 382i, 418i, 452i, 480i, 2.4: 20i, 54i, 84i, 120i, 154i, 2.5: 190i, 222i, 256i, 288i, 324i, 2.6: 360i, 392i, 426i, 458i, 496i

phonics/word analysis, 2.1: 20h, 52h, 82h, 114h, 150h, 2.2: 186h, 218h, 248h, 278h, 314h, 2.3: 348h, 382h, 418h, 452h, 480h, 2.4: 20h, 54h, 84h, 120h, 154h, 2.5: 190h, 222h, 256h, 288h, 324h, 2.6: 360h, 392h, 426h, 458h, 496h

spelling, 2.1: 20h, 52h, 82h, 114h, 150h, 2.2: 186h, 218h, 248h, 278h, 314h, 2.3: 348h, 382h, 418h, 452h, 480h, 2.4: 20h, 54h, 84h, 120h,

154h, 2.5: 190h, 222h, 256h, 288h, 324h, 2.6: 360h, 392h, 426h, 458h, 496h

vocabulary, 2.1: 20h, 52h, 82h, 114h, 150h, 2.2: 186h, 218h, 248h, 278h, 314h, 2.3: 348h, 382h, 418h, 452h, 480h, 2.4: 20h, 54h, 84h, 120h, 154h, 2.5: 190h, 222h, 256h, 288h, 324h, 2.6: 360h, 392h, 426h, 458h, 496h

writing, 2.1: 20h, 52h, 82h, 114h, 150h, 2.2: 186h, 218h, 248h, 278h, 314h, 2.3: 348h, 382h, 418h, 452h, 480h, 2.4: 20h, 54h, 84h, 120h, 154h, 2.5: 190h, 222h, 256h, 288h, 324h, 2.6: 360h, 392h, 426h, 458h, 496h

Independent reading, 2.1: 20h, 52h, 82h, 114h, 150h, 2.2: 186h, 218h, 248h, 278h, 314h, 2.3: 348h, 382h, 418h, 452h, 480h, 2.4: 20h, 54h, 84h, 120h, 154h, 2.5: 190h, 222h, 256h, 288h, 324h, 2.6: 360h, 392h, 426h, 458h, 496h

Index. See Parts of a book. Inferring, 2.2: 320g, 322–323, 326–327, 330–331, 340–341, UR•53, UR•55,

2.3: 387a, 390–391, 394–395, 398–399, 402–403, 412–413, 417b, 417f, 444h, 486g, 488–489, 498–499, 504–505, 506–507, 509a, 512–513, 514–515, UR•23–UR•24, UR•53, UR•55, 2.4: UR•13–UR•14, 2.5: 216–217, 218–219, 328a, 328–329, 331a, 334–335, 336–337, 340–341, 342–343, 344–345, 346–347, 352–353, 354–355, UR•53, UR•55, 2.6: 378–379, 449a, 524–525, 526–527. See also Higher-order thinking skills; Listening, comprehension.

Inflected endings. See Spelling, word analysis; Vocabulary skills/strategies; Word analysis.

Informal assessment. See Assessment, progress monitoring.

Informal English. See Speaking, behaviors.

Informational text. See Genres.Instructions. See Directions, follow/give; Genres, procedural text.

Integrated curriculum. See Content-area texts, Content-area vocabulary, Cross-curricular connections, Independent Practice Stations.

Internet (as reference source). See Technology, new literacies.

Intervention. See Access for All, strategic intervention.

Interview. See Listening, Speaking.

JJournal. See Logs, strategy response; Writing forms/products.Judgments, make, 2.1: 71a, 2.2: 267a, 301a, 2.3: 507a, 2.5: 277a,

2.6: 447a, 487a

KKWL reading strategy, 2.1: 52j, 52–53, 58b, 72b, 76b, 80a, 2.5: 247b

LLanguage arts. See Capitalization, all Grammar and usage listings,

Independent Practice Stations, Listening, all Punctuation listings, Speaking, Spelling, all Writing categories.

Language, oral. See Fluency, reading; Listening; Oral reading ability; Speaking.

Learning centers. See Independent Practice Stations.Legend. See Genres.Less-able readers. See Access for All, strategic intervention.

Levels of thinking. See Higher-order thinking skills.Library. See Reference sources, media center/library.

Life, text’s relation to. See Connections, making.Limited English proficient students. See Access for All, ELL (English

Language Learners) suggestions.

27


Listeninglistening activities

advertisement, 2.6: 423f, 424–425, 425aannouncement, 2.4: 81f, 82–83demonstration, 2.5: 253f, 254–255, 255adescription, 2.3: 477e, 478–479, 479a, 2.6: 455e, 456–457, 457a directions, 2.2: 215e, 216–217, 217a, 343e, 344–345, 345a, 2.6: 493f,

494–495, 495adiscussion, 2.1: 20j, 24a, 25c, 25e, 26c, 26g, 40–41, 43e, 43f, 44d,

45b, 47a, 49e, 50b, 50c, 51a, 51b, 51i, 52j, 56a, 57c, 57e, 58c, 58g, 66–67, 71b, 71e, 71f, 72d, 73b, 75a, 79d, 80b, 80c, 81a, 81b, 81i, 82j, 86a, 87c, 87e, 88c, 88g, 96–97, 103d, 103e, 104d, 105b, 107a, 111d, 112b, 112c, 113a, 113b, 113i, 114j, 118a, 119c, 119e, 120c, 120g, 124–125, 139d, 139e, 140d, 141b, 143a, 147d, 148b, 148c, 149a, 149b, 149i, 150j, 154a, 155c, 155e, 156c, 156g, 170–171, 173e, 173f, 174d, 175b, 177a, 181d, 182b, 182c, 183a, 183b, 183i, 2.2: 186j, 190a, 191c, 191e, 192c, 192g, 198–199, 207d, 207e, 208d, 209b, 211a, 215d, 216b, 216c, 217a, 217b, 217i, 218j, 222a, 223c, 223e, 224c, 224g, 234–235, 239d, 239e, 240d, 241b, 243a, 245e, 246b, 246c, 247a, 247b, 247i, 248j, 252a, 253c, 253e, 254c, 254g, 267e, 267f, 268d, 269b, 271a, 275d, 276b, 276c, 277a, 277b, 277i, 278j, 282a, 283c, 283e, 284c, 284e, 284g, 292–293, 300–301, 301e, 301f, 302d, 303b, 305a, 311e, 312b, 312c, 313a, 313b, 313i, 314j, 318a, 319c, 319e, 320c, 320e, 320g, 322–323, 330–331, 335d, 335e, 336d, 337b, 339a, 343d, 344b, 344c, 345a, 345b, 345i, 2.3: 348j, 352a, 353c, 353e, 354c, 354e, 354g, 356–357, 371e, 371f, 372d, 373b, 375a, 379d, 380b, 380c, 381a, 381b, 381i, 382j, 386a, 387c, 387e, 388c, 388e, 388g, 405e, 405f, 406d, 409a, 415e, 416b, 416c, 417a, 417b, 417i, 418j, 422a, 423c, 423e, 424c, 424e, 424g, 443d, 443e, 444d, 446a, 447a, 449e, 450b, 450c, 451a, 451b, 451i, 452j, 456a, 457c, 457e, 458c, 458g, 460–461, 469d, 469e, 470d, 471b, 473a, 477d, 478b, 478c, 479a, 479b, 479i, 480j, 484a, 485c, 485e, 486c, 486g, 507e, 507f, 508d, 509b, 511a, 515d, 516b, 516c, 517a, 517b, 517i, 2.4: 20j, 23a, 25b, 25d, 26c, 27a, 28–29, 41e, 41f, 42d, 42g, 44a, 45a, 51e, 52b, 52c, 53i, 54j, 57a, 59b, 59d, 60c, 61a, 70–71, 75e, 75f, 76d, 76g, 78a, 79a, 81e, 82b, 82c, 83i, 84j, 87a, 89b, 89d, 90c, 91a, 109e, 109f, 110d, 110g, 112a, 113a, 117d, 118b, 118c, 118–119, 119i, 120j, 123a, 125b, 125d, 126c, 127a, 138–139, 143d, 143e, 144d, 144g, 146a, 147a, 151d, 152b, 152c, 153i, 154j, 157a, 159b, 159d, 160c, 161a, 164–165, 172–173, 177d, 177e, 178d, 178g, 180a, 181a, 185d, 186b, 186c, 187a, 187i, 2.5: 190j, 193a, 195b, 195d, 196c, 197a, 198–199, 211e, 211f, 212d, 212g, 214a, 215a, 219d, 220b, 220c, 221a, 221i, 222j, 225a, 227b, 227d, 228c, 229a, 247e, 247f, 248d, 248g, 250a, 251a, 253e, 254b, 254c, 255i, 256j, 259a, 261b, 261d, 262c, 263a, 272–273, 277e, 277f, 278d, 278g, 280a, 281a, 285d, 286b, 286c, 287i, 288j, 291a, 293b, 293d, 294c, 295a, 313e, 313f, 314d, 314g, 316a, 317a, 321d, 322b, 322c, 323i, 324j, 327a, 329b, 329d, 330c, 331a, 347d, 347e, 348d, 348g, 350a, 351a, 355d, 356b, 356c, 357i, 2.6: 360j, 363a, 365b, 365d, 366c, 367a, 368–369, 381e, 381f, 382d, 382g, 384a, 385a, 389d, 390b, 390c, 391i, 392j, 395a, 397b, 397d, 398c, 399a, 414–415, 417e, 417f, 418d, 418g, 420a, 421a, 423e, 424b, 424c, 425i, 426j, 429a, 431b, 431d, 432c, 433a, 436–437, 447e, 447f, 448d, 448g, 450a, 451a, 455d, 456b, 456c, 457i, 458j, 461a, 463b, 463d, 464c, 465a, 476–477, 484–485, 487e, 487f, 488d, 488g, 490a, 491a, 493e, 494b, 494c, 495i, 496j, 499a, 501b, 501d, 502c, 503a, 506–507, 519d, 519e, 520d, 520g, 522a, 523a, 527d, 528b, 528c, 529i

dramatic interpretation, 2.1: 181e, 183adramatization, 2.1: 181e, 182–183, 183ainstructions, 2.2: 215e, 216–217, 217a, 343e, 344–345, 345ainterview, 2.3: 423f, 443f, 447b, 449g, 451g, 355e, 2.6: 447g, 510e,

519f, 523b, 527f, 529f, 519f

introduction, 2.3: 379e, 380–381, 381anarration in sequence, 2.1: 147e, 148–149, 149anarrative presentation, 2.5: 321e, 322–323, 323aoral report, 2.6: 389e, 390–391, 391aproblem solving, 2.3: 415f, 416–417, 417aquestioning, 2.2: 275e, 276–277, 277aread-aloud, 2.1: 25a–25b, 57a–57b, 87a–87b, 119a–119b, 155a–155b,

2.2: 191a–191b, 223a–223b, 253a–253b, 283a–283b, 319a–319b, 2.3: 353a–353b, 387a–387b, 423a–423b, 457a–457b, 485a–485b

story, 2.1: 147esummarize, 2.3: 449f, 450–451, 451a, 2.4: 185e, 186–187, 187aspeaker’s purpose, listen for, 2.6: 527e, 528–529, 529a

listening behaviors, 2.1: 49f, 50–51, 51a, 79e listening comprehension

author’s purpose, 2.2: 223a–223b, 2.3: 353a–353bcause and effect, 2.2: 191a–191b, 283a–283bcharacter, 2.1: 25a–25b, 87a–87bcompare and contrast, 2.2: 319a–319b, 2.3: 423a–423bconclusions, draw, 2.3: 387a–387b fact and opinion, 2.3: 485a–485b, 2.5: 285e, 286–287, 287afacts and details, 2.1: 155a–155b, 2.2: 253a–253binferring, 2.3: 387a–387bmain idea, 2.1: 57a–57b, 119a–119bsequence, 2.3: 457a–457bsetting, 2.1: 25a–25b, 87a–87b

Literary craft author’s craft/style/language, 2.4: 187cauthor’s perspective/viewpoint/bias, 2.5: 323c

Literary genres. See Genres.Literary nonfiction. See Genres.Literary response and appreciation

appreciation of author’s craft/style, 2.4: 187cenjoyment of literature, 2.1: 43a, 45a, 71a, 73a, 103a, 105a, 141a, 173a,

175a, 2.2: 209a, 239a, 241a, 267a, 269a, 301a, 303a, 335a, 337a, 2.3: 371a, 373a, 405a, 407a, 443a, 445a, 469a, 471a, 507a, 509a, 2.4: 41a, 43a, 75a, 77a, 109a, 111a, 143a, 145a, 177a, 179a, 2.5: 211a, 213a, 247a, 249a, 277a, 279a, 313a, 315a, 347a, 349a, 2.6: 381a, 383a, 417a, 419a, 447a, 449a, 487a, 489a, 519a, 521a

See also Connections, making, text to self.

Literary termsdialogue, 2.1: 173b, 183c, 2.2: 284h, 301b, 2.5: 216h, 221cexaggeration/hyperbole, 2.4: 46h, 53cforeshadowing, 2.4: 187cfree verse, 2.5: 252hidiom, 2.2: 345c, 2.3: 371b, 2.5: 277bmetaphor, 2.4: 187cmoral lesson, 2.4: 41b, 153c, 177a, 2.6: 519a. See also Theme.personification, 2.4: 187csensory words, 2.4: 143asimile, 2.3: 405bspeaker/narrator, 2.1: 139a, 2.5: 247b, 2.6: 381bstage directions, 2.1: 173b, 2.5: 216hverse, 2.2: 244h, 244–245word choice, 2.5: 211bSee also Figurative language, Sound devices and poetic elements.

Literature selections“Abraham Lincoln,” Delores Malone, 2.2: 224–239“Alberto, the Scientist,” 2.3: 376–379“Anansi Goes Fishing,” retold by Eric A. Kimmel, 2.3: 424–443“Anansi’s Fishing Expedition,” 2.2: 306–311 “Anteaters,” John Jacobs, 2.1: 178–181“Bad Dog, Dodger!,” Barbara Abercrombie, 2.5: 264–277

28


“Ben the Bullfrog,” Raquel Martinez, 2.4: 46–51“Birthday Basket for Tía, A,” Pat Mora, 2.6: 434–447“Bremen Town Musicians, The,” retold by Carol Pugliano-Martin,

2.2: 284–301“Burrowing Animals,” Penny Dowdy, 2.4: 114–117“Carl the Complainer,” Michelle Knudsen, 2.5: 230–247“Cowboy Gear,” from A Cowboy’s Handbook, Tod Cody, 2.6: 492–493 “Cowboys,” Lucille Recht Penner, 2.6: 466–487“Crow and the Pitcher, The,” a fable by Aesop, retold by Eric Blair,

2.3: 474–477“Dear Juno,” Soyung Pak, 2.3: 388–405“Exploring Space with an Astronaut,” Patricia J. Murphy, 2.1: 58–71“Family Traditions: Birthdays,” 2.6: 452–455“Fire Fighter!,” Angela Royston, 2.5: 198–211“Firefighting Teamwork,” Connie Carpenter, 2.5: 216–219“First Tortilla, The,” Rudolfo Anaya, 2.4: 162–177 “Fool goes fishing,” retold by Elisabeth Nielson, 2.2: 306–311“Froggy Fable, A,” John Lechner, 2.4: 28–41“Good Kicking,” Rich Richardson, 2.5: 318–321 “Goods and Services,” 2.2: 272–275“Grace For President,” Kelly DiPucchio, 2.6: 504–519 “Helping Hands,” 2.5: 352–355“Henry and Mudge and the Starry Night,” Cynthia Rylant, 2.1: 88–103“Home Sweet Home,” Almira Astudillo Gilles, 2.6: 524–527 “Horace and Morris but mostly Dolores,” James Howe, 2.5: 296–313“How Baseball Began,” Tammy Terry, 2.6: 386–389“How to Make a S’more,” 2.1: 108–111“How to Train Your Puppy,” L.B. Coombs, 2.5: 282–285“Just Like Josh Gibson,” Angela Johnson, 2.6: 368–381“Life Cycle of a Pumpkin,” Ron Fridell and Patricia Walsh, 2.4: 62–75“Lion and the Mouse, The,” retold by Claire Daniel, 2.2: 340–343“Many Ways to Be a Soldier,” Wendy Pfeffer, 2.3: 410–415“New House, A,” 2.4: 148–151“Night the Moon Fell, The,” retold by Pat Mora, 2.4: 128–143“One Good Turn Deserves Another,” Judy Sierra, 2.2: 320–335“Pearl and Wagner: Two Good Friends,” Kate McMullan, 2.3: 354–371“Rain Forests,” 2.1: 144–147“Red, White, and Blue: The Story of the American Flag,” John Herman,

2.6: 400–417“Rescue Dogs,” Rena Moran, 2.2: 212–215“Rosa and Blanca,” Joe Hayes, 2.3: 458–469“Scarcity,” Janeen R. Adil, 2.2: 254–267“Signmaker’s Assistant, The,” Tedd Arnold, 2.5: 332–347 “Soil,” Sally M. Walker, 2.4: 92–109“Strongest One, The,” from Pushing Up the Sky, retold by Joseph Bruchac,

2.1: 156–173“Tara and Tiree, Fearless Friends,” Andrew Clements, 2.2: 192–207“Trip to Space Camp, A,” Ann Weil, 2.1: 76–79 “Twin Club, The,” Ina Cumpiano, 2.1: 26–43“Walk in the Desert, A,” Caroline Arnold, 2.1: 120–139“Weed is a Flower, A,” Aliki, 2.3: 486–507“What’s Made From Corn,” 2.3: 512–515 “Wind,” Marion Dane Bauer, 2.4: 182–185See also Poetry selections.

Logs, strategy responseactivate prior knowledge, 2.3: 388gbackground knowledge, 2.1: 120g, 2.2: 254g, 269a, 2.4: 27a, 43a,

2.5: 198a, 264a, 279a genre, 2.1: 88g, 2.2: 224g, 284g, 303a, 320g, 2.3: 424g, 486g, 2.4: 128a,

145a, 2.5: 331a, 2.6: 466acontent knowledge, 2.2: 58gimportant ideas, 2.1: 141a, 2.4: 62a, 77a, 2.5: 213ainferring, 2.2: 337a, 2.3: 509a, 2.5: 349amonitor and clarify, 2.1: 26g, 45a, 2.3: 407a, 2.4: 162a, 179a,

2.6: 367a, 383a

predict and/or set purpose, 2.1: 156g 175a, 2.3: 388g, 458g, 471a, 2.5: 230a, 296a, 2.6: 400a, 419a, 503a, 521a

questioning, 2.3: 354g, 373a, 2.4: 92a, 111a, 2.6: 434a, 449asummarize, 2.2: 192g, 209a, 2.3: 445a, 2.6: 419atext/story structure, 2.1: 73a, 105a, 2.2: 241a, 315a, 2.6: 489avisualize, 2.5: 249a

MMagazine article. See Genres.Magazine/periodical (as reference source). See Reference sources. Main idea

details and, 2.1: 48h, 48–49, 49a, 64–65, 66–67, 68–69, 76–77, 81b, 81f, 94–95, 104h, 119a, 122–123, 126–127, 130–131, 136–137, 146–147, 149b, 149f, UR•23–UR•24, UR•43–UR•44, 2.2: 267a, 301a, 2.4: 109a, 166–167, 178h, 2.5: 318–319, 320–321, 328a, 328–329, 332a, 336–337, 338–339, 342–343, 344–345, 347a, 357b, 357f, UR•53–UR•54, 2.6: 476–477, 488h

topic and, 2.2: 247c, 2.6: 417b, 425cSee also Listening comprehension.

Making connections. See Connections, making.Map/globe. See Graphic sources.Mass media. See Media literacy.Mechanics (of English grammar and writing). See Apostrophe,

Capitalization, Comma, Exclamation mark, Period, Question mark, Quotation marks.

Media. See Media literacy.Media center/library. See Reference sources.Media literacy

kinds of mediaadvertising/billboards, 2.4: 51f, 53a, 2.6: 423f, 424–425, 425aaudiotapes, 2.2: 311f, 2.3: 515eCD-ROM, 2.1: 43g, 2.4: 51fDVD, 2.4: 51f, 151eillustrations/photographs, 2.1: 76h, 2.4: 109b, 151e, 152–153Internet, 2.1: 111e, 2.2: 245f, 247a, 272h, 272–275, 335f, 2.3: 507g,

515e, 516–517, 517a, 2.4: 51f, 52–53, 53a, 151e, 152–153, 2.6: 424–425, 452h, 452–455

magazines, 2.1: 43g, 113a, 2.2: 245f, 247a, 313a, 2.4: 51f, 52–53, 53a, 151e, 152–153, 2.5: 318h, 318–321, 2.6: 424–425, 425a

newspapers, 2.1: 43g, 2.2: 245f, 247a, 311f, 312–313, 313a, 2.3: 515e, 516–517, 517a, 2.4: 53a, 151e, 152–153, 2.6: 424–425, 425a

radio, 2.1: 111e, 113a, 2.2: 245f, 247a, 311f, 312–313, 313a, 2.3: 515e, 516–517, 517a, 2.4: 51f, 52–53, 53a

stage production, 2.2: 311f, 312–313, 313a television news, 2.2: 245f, 247a, 2.3: 515e, 516–517, 517atelevision/videos/films, 2.1: 111e, 113a, 2.2: 245f, 311f, 312–313,

313a, 2.3: 515e, 516–517, 517a, 2.4: 51f, 151e, 152–153 video game, 2.6: 493f, 494–495, 495a

purposes of mediaentertainment, 2.1: 111e, 112–113, 113a, 2.2: 245f, 246–247, 247a,

311f, 312–313, 313a, 2.6: 493f, 494–495, 495ainformation, 2.1: 111e, 112–113, 113a, 2.2: 245f, 246–247, 247a,

245f, 247a, 311f, 312–313, 313a, 2.3: 515e, 517apersuasion, 2.1: 113a, 2.2: 311f, 312–313, 313a, 2.4: 51f, 52–53, 53a,

2.6: 423f, 424–425, 425aresponding to media

evaluation of, 2.2: 311f, 312–313, 313a, 2.4: 51f, 53a, 151e, 2.6: 423f, 494–495, 495a

oral, 2.1: 111e, 245f, 2.2: 311f, 312–313, 313awritten, 2.1: 111e

29


techniques of mediaaudial, 2.3: 515e, 516–517, 517a, 2.4: 51f, 52–53, 53aculture, characteristics of, 2.5: 219e, 220–221, 221agraphics, 2.4: 151e, 152–153visual, 2.3: 515e, 516–517, 517a, 2.4: 151e, 152–153written conventions, 2.6: 493f, 494–495, 495a

Metacognition. See Monitor and clarify, Self-check.Metaphor. See Figurative language, Literary terms. Modeling. Teacher modeling and think-alouds are presented throughout Skills/

Strategies in Context lessons and After Reading lessons.

Monitor and clarify adjust reading rate, 2.4: 182–183, 184–185, 2.6: 386–387ask questions, 2.1: 26g, 30–31, 38–39, 42–43, 48–49, 49a, 2.2: 214–215,

UR•13, UR•15, 2.4: 158–159, 161a, 164–165, 166–167, 176–177, 182–183, UR•55, 2.6: 264–265, 364–365, 386–387, UR•15

background knowledge, 2.1: 48–49, 2.2: 272–273read on, 2.2: 212–213, 2.6: 386–387reread, 2.1: 26g, 30–31, 38–39, 42–43, 48–49, 49a, 110–111, UR•13,

UR•15, 2.2: 214–215, 306–307, 2.4: 30–31, 38–39, 158–159, 161a, 166–167, 176–177, 179a, 182–183, 184–185, UR•53, UR•55, 2.6: 364–365, 367a, 372–373, 383a, 386–387, UR•13, UR•15

seek help from reference sources, 2.4: 164–165use graphic sources, 2.6: 368a, 372–373use illustrations, 2.4: 184–185, 2.6: 286–287, 367a, 372–373, 386–387,

UR•13use text features, 2.6: 286–287visualize, 2.1: 48–49See also Graphic and semantic organizers, Self-check.

Moral lesson. See Literary terms, Theme.Multiple-meaning words, 2.2: 234–235, 2.4: 26g, 26–27, 32–33, 42g,

52–53, 126g, 126–127, 138–139, 144g, 153a, UR•12, UR•42, 2.6: 398g, 398–399, 406–407, 418g, 424–425, 502g, 502–503, 506–507, 520g, 528–529, UR•22, UR•52. See also Context clues for meaning, Vocabulary skills/strategies.

Multisyllabic words. See Spelling, word analysis; Word analysis, syllabication.

Myth. See Genres.

NNarrative nonfiction. See Genres.New literacies. See Technology. Newspaper (as reference sources). See Media literacy, kinds of media;

Reference sources. Note-taking, 2.2: 191f, 207f, 211b, 215f, 217. See also Organizing

information, Research/study skills.Nouns

common, 2.2: 191c, 207b, 209b, 210–211, 215b, 217g, UR•16plural

regular, 2.2: 253c, 267c, 269b, 270–271, 275b, 277g, UR•36 with spelling change, 2.2: 283c, 301c, 303b, 304–305, 311c, 313g, UR•46

possessive, 2.2: 319c, 335b, 337b, 338–339, 343b, 345g, UR•56 proper, 2.2: 223c, 239b, 241b, 242–243, 245c, 247g, UR•26, 2.6: 365b,

381c, 384a, 384–385, 389b, 391g, UR•16singular, 2.2: 253c, 267c, 269b, 270–271, 275b, 277g, UR•36See also Capitalization.

OOn-level learners. See Access for All. Online directory, See Genres; Technology, new literacies.

Online reference sources. See Genres; Technology, new literacies.

Onomatopoeia. See Sound devices and poetic elements.Opinion and fact. See Fact and opinion.Oral language. See Listening, Speaking.Oral reading ability

assessment of, 2.1: 49b, 49c, 51d–51f, 79a, 79b, 81d–81f, 111a, 111b, 113d–113f, 147a, 147b, 149d–149f, 181a, 181b, 183d–183f, 2.2: 215a, 215b, 217d–217f, 245b, 245c, 247d–247f, 275a, 275b, 277d–277f, 311b, 311c, 313d–313f, 343a, 343b, 345d–345f, 2.3: 379a, 379b, 381d–381f, 415b, 415c, 417d–417f, 449b, 449c, 451d–451f, 477a, 477b, 479d–479f, 515a, 515b, 517d–517f, 2.4: 51b, 51c, 53d–53f, 81b, 81c, 83d–83f, 117a, 117b, 119d–119f, 151a, 151b, 153d–153f, 185a, 185b, 187d–187f, 2.5: 219a, 219b, 221d–221f, 253b, 253c, 255d–225f, 285a, 285b, 287d–287f, 321a, 321b, 323d–323f, 355a, 355b, 357d–357f, 2.6: 389a, 389b, 391d–391f, 423b, 423c, 425d–425f, 455a, 455b, 457d–457f, 493b, 493c, 495d–495f, 527a, 527b, 529d–529f

choral reading, 2.1: 44f, 72f, 104f, 140f, 174f, 2.2: 208f, 240f, 268f, 302f, 336f, 2.3: 372f, 406f, 444f, 448–449, 470f, 508f, 2.4: 42f, 76f, 110f, 144f, 178f, 2.5: 212f, 248f, 278f, 314f, 348f, 2.6: 382f, 418f, 448f, 488f, 520f, 529a

paired reading, 2.1: 43b, 49b, 71b, 79a, 103a, 111a, 139a, 147a, 173b, 181a, 2.2: 207a, 215a, 239a, 245b, 267b, 275a, 301b, 311b, 335a, 343a, 2.3: 371b, 379a, 405b, 415b, 443a, 449b, 477a, 507b, 515a, 2.4: 26–27, 51b, 60–61, 81b, 90–91, 117a, 126–127, 151a, 160–161, 185a, 2.5: 196–197, 219a, 228–229, 253b, 262–263, 285a, 294–295, 321a, 330–331, 355a, 2.6: 366–367, 389a, 398–399, 423b, 432–433, 455a, 464–465, 493b, 502–503, 527a

See also Fluency, reading.

Oral vocabulary development. See Academic vocabulary, Content knowledge, Oral reading ability.

Organizing informationclassify, 2.4: 125a, 2.5: 262g, 262–263, 274–275, 286–287, 2.6: 463asummarize, 2.1: 43a, 2.2: 209a, 212–213, 214–215, 192h, 194–195,

200–201, 206–207, 2.3: 405a, 424h, 430–431, 434–435, 440–441, 445a, 448–449, 449a, 2.4: 34–35, 40–41, 148h, 148–149, 150–151, 2.6: 380–381, 396a, 396–397, 400a, 404–405, 410–411, 414–415, 416–417, 419a, 422–423

take notes, 2.2: 191f, 207f, 211b, 215f, 217See also Graphic and semantic organizers; Logs, strategy response.

PPaired reading. See Fluency, reading; Oral reading ability. Paraphrase. See Summarize. Parents. See School-home connection. Parts of a book

chapter headings, 2.1: 139f, 2.2: 267gglossary, 2.2: 224f, 234–235, 246–247, 2.5: 228g, 228–229, 240–241index, 2.3: 469f, 473btable of contents, 2.1: 90–91, 139f, 143b, 2.3: 405gtitle page, 2.1: 139fSee also Reference sources, Research/study skills, Text features.

Penmanship. See Handwriting.Performance task. See Assessment, progress monitoring.

Periodabbreviation, 2.6: 381c, 384a, 384–385, 389b, 391g, 394a, 394–395, 395a,

395c–395d, 398c, 418c, 422d, 422e–422f, 424c, 452c, 524dsentence, 2.1: 25c, 43c, 45b, 46–47, 49c, 51g, 119c, 139b, 141b, 142–143,

147b, 149g, 155c, 173c, 175b, 176–177, 181b, 183g, UR•16, UR•46, UR•56

Personification. See Figurative language, Literary terms. Persuasion, 2.5: 323c. See also Author’s perspective/viewpoint/bias.

30


Phonemic awarenesscount phonemes, 2.2: 220–221, 2.3: 420–421distinguish/discriminate phonemes, 2.1: 22–23, 54–55identify and isolate sounds of spoken words, 2.1: 22–23, 54–55substitute phonemes

final, 2.2: 316–317, 2.3: 350–351, 454–455initial, 2.2: 188–189, 250–251, 280–281medial, 2.3: 384–385

Phonics/decoding common word (vowel) patterns

CV, 2.3: 386aCVC, 2.2: 340dVC/CV, 2.1: 26c, 48c, 48d, 76d, 2.2: 340dVCC/V, 2.1: 26c, 48c, 48d, 76dVCe, 2.1: 56, 56a, 56b–56c, 58c, 76d, 76e–76f, 80c, 81e, 88c, 108c,

108d, 144d, UR•20, 2.3: 458cV/CV, 2.3: 448d, 2.4: 114d

consonant blends, final, 2.1: 85a, 86, 86a, 86b–86c, 88c, 104c–104d, 108d, 108e–108f, 112c, 113e, 120c, 144c, UR•30, 2.2: 224c, 2.3: 424c, 2.5: 294c

consonant blends, initial, 2.1: 85a, 86, 86a, 86b–86c, 88c, 104c–104d, 108d, 108e–108f, 112c, 113e, 120c, 144c, UR•30, 2.2: 224c, 2.3: 424c, 2.5: 294c

consonant digraphs, finalch, 2.1: 154, 154a, 154b–154c, 156c, 174d, 178d, 178e–178f, 182c,

183e, UR•50, 2.2: 212c, 244d, 306d, 2.5: 262c, 2.6: 386dck, 2.5: 290a, 290–291, 291a, 291c–291d, 294c, 314c, 318d,

318e–318f, 322c, 323e, 352c, UR•40, 2.6: 386dgh, 2.5: 290a, 290–291, 291a, 291c–291d, 294c, 314c, 318d,

318e–318f, 322c, 323e, 352c, UR•40, 2.6: 386dng, 2.5: 290a, 290–291, 291a, 291c–291d, 294c, 314c, 318d,

318e–318f, 322c, 323e, 352c, UR•40, 2.6: 386dsh, 2.1: 153a, 154, 154a, 154b–154c, 156c, 174d, 178d, 178e–178f,

182c, 183e, UR•50, 2.2: 212c, 244d, 306d, 2.5: 262ctch, 2.1: 153a, 154, 154a, 154b–154c, 174d, 178d, 178e–178f, 182c,

183e, UR•50, 2.2: 212c, 244dth, 2.1: 153a, 154, 154a, 154b–154c, 156c, 174d, 178d,

178e–178f, 182c, 183e, UR•50, 2.2: 212c, 244d, 306d, 2.5: 262c

consonant digraphs, initialch, 2.1: 153a, 154, 154a, 154b–154c, 156c, 174c–174d, 178d,

178e–178f, 182c, 183e, UR•50, 2.2: 212c, 306d, 2.5: 262c, 2.6: 386d

ph, 2.5: 290a, 290–291, 291a, 291c–291d, 294c, 314c, 318d, 318e–318f, 322c, 323e, 352c, UR•40, 2.6: 386d

sh, 2.1: 153a, 154, 154a, 154b–154c, 156c, 174c–174d, 178d, 178e–178f, 182c, 183e, UR•50, 2.2: 212c, 244d, 306d, 2.5: 262c

th, 2.1: 153a, 154, 154a, 154b–154c, 156c, 174c–174d, 178d, 178e–178f, 182c, 183e, UR•50, 2.2: 212c, 244d, 306d, 2.5: 262c

wh, 2.1: 153a, 154, 154a, 154b–154c, 156a, 174a, 178d, 178e–178f, 182c, 183e, UR•50, 2.2: 212c, 306d, 2.5: 262c

consonants, final, 2.1: 23a, 24, 24a, 24b–24c, 26c, 44c, 48d, 48e–48f, 50c, 51e, 76c, UR•10

consonants, initial, 2.1: 23a, 24, 24a, 24b–24c, 26c, 44c, 48e–48f, 50c, 51e, 76c, 2.2: UR•10

consonants, silent, 2.5: 258a, 258–259, 259a, 259c–259d, 262c, 278c–278d, 282d, 282e–282f, 286c, 287e, 318c, 352d, UR•30

structural cues. See Word analysis.vowels

digraphs ai/ay, 2.2: 317a, 318, 318a, 318b–318c, 320c, 336c–336d, 340d,

340e–340f, 344c, 345e, UR•50, 2.3: 354c, 376c, 2.5: 330d, 2.6: 422d

al/au(gh), 2.5: 326a, 326–327, 327a, 327c–327d, 330c, 348c–348d, 352d, 352e–352f, 356c, 357e, UR•50, 2.6: 386c, 422d

aw, au, 2.5: 326a, 326–327, 327a, 327c–327d, 330c, 348c, 348d, 352d, 352e–352f, 356c, 357e, UR•50, 2.6: 386c, 422d

ea, 2.2: 244d, 2.3: 351a, 352, 352a, 352b–352c, 354c, 372c–372d, 376d, 376e–376f, 380c, 381e, 410c, 448d, UR•10, 2.6: 492d

ee, 2.3: 351a, 352, 352a, 352b–352c, 354c, 372c–372d, 376d, 376e–376f, 380c, 381e, 410c, 448d, UR•10

ew, 2.4: 156a, 156–157, 157a, 157c–157d, 160c, 178c–178d, 182d, 182e–182f, 186c, 187e, UR•50, 2.5: 216c

ie, 2.3: 455a, 456, 456a, 456b–456c, 458c, 470c–470d, 474d, 474e–474f, 478e, 479e, 512c, UR•40, 2.4: 46d

igh, 2.3: 455a, 456, 456a, 456b–456c, 458c, 470c–470d, 474d, 474e–474f, 478e, 479e, 512c, UR•40, 2.4: 46d

oa, 2.3: 385a, 386, 386a, 386b–386c, 388c, 406c–406d, 410d, 410e–410f, 416c, 417e, 448c, UR•20

oo/u, 2.4: 56a, 56–57, 57a, 57c–57d, 60c, 76c–76d, 82c, 83e, 90c, 114c, 148d, 156a, 156–157, 157a, 157c–157d, 160c, 178c–178d, 182d, 182e–182f, 186c, 187e, UR•20, UR•50, 2.5: 216c

ow, 2.3: 385a, 386, 386a, 386b–386c, 388c, 406c–406d, 410d, 410e–410f, 416c, 417e, 448c, UR•20

ue, 2.4: 156a, 156–157, 157a, 157c–157d, 160c, 178c–178d, 182d, 182e–182f, 186c, 187e, UR•50, 2.5: 216c

ui, 2.4: 156a, 156–157, 157a, 157c–157d, 160c, 178c–178d, 182d, 182e–182f, 186c, 187e, UR•50, 2.5: 216c

diphthongsoi, 2.4: 86a, 86–87, 87a, 87c–87d, 90c, 110c–110d, 114d,

114e–114f, 118c, 119e, 148c, UR•30, 2.5: 216dou, 2.4: 86a, 86–87, 87a, 87c–87d, 90c, 110c–110d, 114d,

114e–114f, 118c, 119e, 148c, 182d, UR•30, 2.5: 216dow, 2.4: 86a, 86–87, 87a, 87c–87d, 90c, 110c–110d, 114d,

114e–114f, 118c, 119e, 148c, 182d, UR•30, 2.5: 216doy, 2.4: 86a, 86–87, 87a, 87c–87d, 90c, 110c–110d, 114d,

114e–114f, 118c, 119e, 148c, UR•30, 2.5: 216dlong

a, 2.1: 55a, 56, 56a, 56b–56c, 58c, 72c–72d, 76e–76f, 80c, 81e, 88c, 108c, 108d, UR•20, 2.2: 317a, 318, 318a, 318b–318c, 320c, 336c–336d, 340d, 340e–340f, 344c, 345e, UR•50, 2.3: 354c, 376c, 2.4: 114d

e, 2.1: 56, 56a, 56b–56c, 58c, 72c–72d, 76d, 76e–76f, 80c, 81e, 88c, 108c, 108d, UR•20, 2.3: 351a, 352, 352a, 352b–352c, 354c, 372c–372d, 376d, 376e–376f, 380c, 381e, 410c, 448d, UR•10

i, 2.1: 56, 56a, 56b–56c, 58c, 72c–72d, 76d, 76e–76f, 80c, 81e, 88c, 108c, 108d, UR•20, 2.3: 455a, 456, 456a, 456b–456c, 458c, 470c–470d, 474d, 474e–474f, 478e, 479e, 512c, UR•40, 2.4: 46d

o, 2.1: 56, 56a, 56b–56c, 58c, 72c–72d, 76d, 76e–76f, 80c, 81e, 88c, 108c, 108d, UR•10, UR•20, 2.3: 385a, 386, 386a, 386b–386c, 388c, 406c–406d, 410d, 410e–410f, 416c, 417e, 448c, 2.4: 114d

u, 2.1: 56, 56a, 56b–56c, 58c, 72c–72d, 76d, 76e–76f, 80c, 81e, 88c, 108c, 108d, UR•20

y, 2.3: 351a, 352, 352a, 352b–352c, 354c, 372c–372d, 376e, 376f, 380c, 381e, 410c, 448d, 455a, 456, 456b–456c, 458c, 470c–470d, 474d, 474e–474f, 478e, 479e, 512c, UR•10, UR•40

r-controlledar, 2.2: 189a, 190, 190a, 190b–190c, 192c, 208c–208d, 212d,

212e–212f, 216c, 217e, 244c, 272d, 340d, UR•10, 2.3: 388cer, 2.2: 251a, 252, 252a, 252b–252c, 254c, 268c–268d, 272d,

272e–272f, 276c, 277e, 306c, 340d, UR•30, 2.3: 376dir, 2.2: 251a, 252, 252a, 252b–252c, 254c, 268c–268d, 272d,

272e–272f, 276c, 277e, 306c, 340d, UR•30

31


oar, 2.2: 189a, 190, 190a, 190b–190c, 192c, 208c–208d, 212d, 212e–212f, 216c, 217e, 244c, 272d, 340d, UR•10, 2.3: 388c

or, ore, 2.2: 189a, 190, 190a, 190b–190c, 192c, 208c–208d, 212d, 212e–212f, 216c, 217e, 244c, 272d, 340d, UR•10, 2.3: 388c

ur, 2.2: 251a, 252, 252a, 252b–252c, 254c, 268c–268d, 272d, 272e–272f, 276c, 277e, 306c, 340d, UR•30

shorta, 2.1: 23a, 24, 24a, 24b–24c, 26c, 44c–44d, 48d, 48e–48f, 50c,

51e, 58c, 76c, 76d, 108d, UR•10, 2.2: 192c, 212de, 2.1: 23a, 24, 24a, 24b–24c, 26c, 44c–44d, 48d, 48e–48f, 50c, 51e,

58c, 76c, 76d, 108d, UR•10, 2.2: 192c, 254c, 2.3: 376d, 448di, 2.1: 23a, 24, 24a, 24b–24c, 26c, 44c–44d, 48d, 48e–48f, 50c,

51e, 58c, 76c, 76d, 108d, UR•10, 2.2: 192c, 254co, 2.1: 23a, 24, 24a, 24b–24c, 26c, 44c–44d, 48d, 48e–48f, 50c,

51e, 58c, 76c, 76d, 108d, UR•10, 2.2: 192c u, 2.1: 23a, 24, 24a, 24b–24c, 26c, 44c–44d, 48d, 48e–48f, 50c,

51e, 58c, 76c, 76d, 108d, UR•10, 2.2: 192c, 254c, 2.4: 148dSee also Spelling, phonics, connection to.

Picture graph. See Graphic sources.Pictures. See Graphic sources, illustration (photograph or art);

Text features, illustrations/photographs.

Play. See Genres.Plot, 2.1: 43b, 44h, 103a, 2.2: 335a, 2.3: 362–363, 372h, 443a, 451c,

2.4: 124a, 124–125, 128a, 132–133, 138–139, 142–143, 145a, 153b, 153f, 158a, 158–159, 162a, 166–167, 169–169, 172–173, 174–175, 179a, 187b, 187f, UR•43–UR•44, UR•53–UR•54, 2.5: 260a, 260–261, 264a, 268–269, 272–273, 274–275, 277a, 287b, 287f, 298–299, UR•33–UR•34, 2.6: 447b, 457c. See also Story structure.

Plurals. See Nouns; Spelling, word analysis; Vocabulary skills/strategies; Word analysis.

Poetic devices. See Sound devices and poetic elements.Poetry. See Genres, Poetry selections. Poetry selections

“Do Spiders Stick to Their Own Webs?,” Amy Goldman Koss, 2.3: 448–449“1st Day of School, The,” Jenny Whitehead, 2.1: 48–49“Fishermen,” Juan Bautista Grosso, 2.5: 252–253“How Do Seeds Know Which Way Is Up?,” Amy Goldman Koss, 2.4: 80–81“Lincoln,” Nancy Byrd Turner, 2.2: 244–245“179th Day of School, The,” Jenny Whitehead, 2.1: 48–49 “You’re a Grand Old Flag,” George M. Cohan, 2.6: 422–423See also Genres.

Position words. See Vocabulary skills/strategies.Possessives. See Apostrophe, Nouns. Practice stations. See Independent Practice Stations.Predict

confirm predictions, 2.1: 43a, 71a, 103a, 139a, 173a, 2.2: 207a, 239a, 267a, 301a, 335a, 2.3: 371a, 405a, 469a, 507a, 2.4: 41a, 75a, 109a, 143a, 177a, 2.5: 211a, 247a, 277a, 313a, 347a, 2.6: 376–377, 381a, 417a, 447a, 487a, 519a

predict and set purpose, 2.1: 156g, 160–161, 164–165, 172–173, 178–179, UR•53, UR•55, 2.3: 458g, 462–463, 466–467, 471a, 474–475, 476–477, UR•43, UR•45, 2.5: 200–201, 2.6: 376–377, 462a, 462–463, 503a, 508–509, 510–511, 514–515, 518–519, UR•53, UR•55

preview and predict, 2.1: 26h, 48h, 58h, 76h, 88h, 108h, 120h, 144h, 156h, 178h, 2.2: 192h, 212h, 224h, 254h, 272h, 284h, 306h, 320h, 340h, 2.3: 354h, 376h, 388h, 410h, 424h, 448h, 458h, 474h, 486h, 512h, 2.4: 27a, 46h, 61a, 80h, 92a, 114h, 127a, 148h, 161a, 182h, 2.5: 197a, 216h, 229a, 252h, 263a, 282h, 296a, 318h, 331a, 352h, 2.6: 367a, 386h, 399a, 422h, 433a, 452h, 465a, 492h, 503a, 524h

See also Prereading strategies, preview and predict.

Prefixes, 2.3: 388f, 392–393, 416–417, UR•22, 2.4: 160g, 160–161, 170–171, 178g, 186–187, UR•52, 2.5: 224a, 224–225, 225a, 225b, 225c–225d, 228c, 248c–248d, 252d, 252e–252f, 254c, 255e, 282c, 318d, UR•20, 2.6: 498a, 498–499, 499a, 499c–499d, 502c, 520c–520d, 524d, 524e–524f, 528c, 529e, UR•50. See also Spelling, word analysis; Vocabulary skills/strategies; Word analysis.

Prepositions, 2.6: 431b, 447c, 450a, 450–451, 455b, 457g, UR•36

Prereading strategies activate prior knowledge, 2.1: 48h, 76h, 108h, 144h, 178h, 2.2: 212h,

244h, 272h, 306h, 340h, 2.3: 376h, 410h, 448h, 474h, 512h, 2.4: 46h, 80h, 114h, 148h, 182h, 2.5: 216h, 252h, 282h, 318h, 352h, 2.6: 386h, 422h, 452h, 492h, 524h

preview and predict, 2.1: 26g, 26h, 48h, 58g, 58h, 76h, 88g, 88h, 108h, 120g, 120h, 144h, 156g, 156h, 178h, 2.2: 192g, 192h, 212h, 224g, 224h, 254g, 254h, 272h, 284g, 284h, 306h, 320g, 320h, 340h, 2.3: 354g, 354h, 376h, 388g, 388h, 410h, 424g, 424h, 448h, 458g, 458h, 474h, 486g, 486h, 512h, 2.4: 27a, 28a, 46h, 61a, 62a, 80h, 91a, 92a, 114h, 127a, 128a, 148h, 161a, 162a, 182h, 2.5: 197a, 198a, 216h, 229a, 230a, 252h, 263a, 264a, 282h, 295g, 296a, 318h, 331a, 332a, 352h, 2.6: 367a, 368a, 386h, 399a, 422h, 433a, 452h, 465a, 492h, 503a, 524h

set purpose for reading, 2.1: 26g, 26h, 44h, 48h, 58g, 58h, 72h, 76h, 88g, 88h, 104h, 108h, 120g, 120h, 140h, 144h, 156g, 156h, 174h, 178h, 2.2: 192g, 192h, 208h, 212h, 224g, 224h, 240h, 244h, 254g, 254h, 268h, 272h, 284g, 284h, 302h, 306h, 320g, 320h, 336h, 340h, 2.3: 354g, 354h, 372h, 376h, 388g, 388h, 406h, 410h, 424g, 424h, 444h, 448h, 458g, 458h, 470h, 474h, 486g, 486h, 508h, 512h, 2.4: 27a, 42h, 46h, 61a, 76h, 80h, 91a, 110h, 114h, 127a, 144h, 148h, 161a, 182h, 178h, 2.5: 197a, 212h, 216h, 229a, 248h, 252h, 263a, 278h, 282h, 295a, 295g, 314h, 318h, 331a, 348h, 352h, 2.6: 367a, 382h, 386h, 399a, 418h, 422h, 433a, 448h, 452h, 465a, 488h, 492h, 503a, 520h, 524h

Preview. See Predict, Prereading strategies.Prior knowledge. See Background knowledge; Prereading strategies,

activate prior knowledge; Vocabulary development, connections, make.

Problems, solving, 2.2: 186j, 192a, 208a, 212a, 216a, 217k, 314j, 320a–320b, 336a, 340a, 344a, 2.3: 415f, 417a, 418j, 424a, 444a, 448a, 450a, 2.5: 222–223, 228b

Procedural text. See Genres.Progress monitoring. See Assessment.Pronouns, 2.5: 195b, 211c, 214a, 214–215, 219b, 221g, UR•16, UR•46

case, 2.5: 261b, 277c, 280a, 280–281, 285b, 287g, 293b, 313c, 316a, 316–317, 321b, 323g, UR•36

reflexive, 2.5: 293b, 313c, 316a, 323gsingular/plural, 2.5: 227b, 247c, 250a, 250–251, 253c, 255g, UR•26

Proofreading. See Writing process.Prosody. See Fluency, reading, expression/intonation.

Punctuation. See Apostrophe; Comma; Exclamation mark; Period; Question mark; Quotation marks; Writing process, proofread/edit.

Purposes for reading. See Prereading strategies, set purposes for reading.

QQuestioning, 2.3: 354g, 358–359, 364–365, 370–371, 371a, 376–377,

378–379, UR•13, UR•15, 2.4: 88a, 88–89, 91a, 94–95, 102–103, 104–105, 108–109, 111a, 114–115, 116–117, UR•33, UR•35, 2.5: 211a, 252–253, 253a, 318–319, 320–321, 2.6: 370–371, 374–375, 430a, 430–431, 433a, 438–439, 442–443, 444–445, 446–447, 449a, 452–453, 454–455, 524–525, UR•33, UR•35

Question mark, 2.1: 119c, 139b, 141b, 142–143, 147b, 149g, UR•46

Quotation marks, 2.6: 397b, 417c, 420a, 420–421, 423c, 425g, UR•26

32


RRate. See Fluency, reading; Monitor and clarify, adjust reading rate.

Read-aloud. See Reading to students.Reader response. See Connections, making; Response to literature.Reading and Writing across Texts, 2.1: 49a, 78–79, 110–111, 146–147,

180–181, 2.2: 214–215, 245a, 274–275, 311a, 342–343, 2.3: 378–379, 415a, 449a, 476–477, 514–515, 2.4: 51a, 81a, 116–117, 150–151, 184–185, 2.5: 218–219, 253a, 284–285, 320–321, 354–355, 2.6: 388–389, 423a, 454–455, 493a, 526–527. See also Connections, making.

Reading fluency. See Fluency, reading; Oral reading ability. Reading rate. See Fluency, reading; Monitor and clarify, adjust reading rate.

Reading to students, 2.1: 25a–25b, 26a, 44a, 48a, 48–49, 50a, 57a–57b, 58a, 72a, 76a, 76–79, 80a, 87a–87b, 88a, 104a, 108a, 108–111, 112a, 119a–119b, 120a, 140a, 144a, 144–147, 148a, 155a–155b, 156a, 174a, 178a, 178–181, 182a, 2.2: 191a–191b, 192a, 208a, 212a, 212–215, 216a, 223a–223b, 224a, 240a, 244a, 244–245, 246a, 253a–253b, 254a, 268a, 272a, 272–275, 276a, 283a–283b, 284a, 302a, 306a, 306–311, 312a, 319a–319b, 320a, 336a, 340a, 340–343, 344a, 2.3: 353a–353b, 354a, 372a, 376a, 376–379, 380a, 387a–387b, 388a, 406a, 410a, 410–415, 416a, 423a–423b, 424a, 444a, 448a, 448–449, 450a, 457a–457b, 458a, 470a, 474a, 474–477, 478a, 485a–485b, 486a, 508a, 512a, 512–515, 516a, 2.4: 26a, 42a, 46a, 51a, 52a, 60a, 76a, 80a, 81a, 82a, 90a, 110a, 114a, 116–117, 118a, 126a, 144a, 148a, 150–151, 152a, 160a, 178a, 182a, 184–185, 186a, 2.5: 196a, 212a, 216a, 218–219, 220a, 228a, 248a, 252a, 253a, 254a, 262a, 278a, 282a, 284–285, 286a, 294a, 314a, 318a, 320–321, 322a, 330a, 348a, 352a, 354–355, 356a, 2.6: 366a, 382a, 386a, 388–389, 390a, 398a, 418a, 422a, 423a, 424a, 432a, 448a, 452a, 454–455, 456a, 464a, 488a, 492a, 493a, 494a, 502a, 520a, 524a, 526–527, 528a

Realistic fiction. See Genres.Recipe. See Genres.Reference sources

card catalog, 2.1: 43gdictionary/glossary, 2.1: 57f, 71g, 2.2: 224f, 234–235, 246–247, 2.5: 228g,

228–229, 248g encyclopedia, 2.1: 57f, 71g, 2.2: 243b, 301g, 305bInternet and World Wide Web. See Technology, new literacies. magazine/periodical, 2.1: 43g, 2.3: 405g, 318h, 318–321, 323cmedia center/library, 2.1: 43g, 47b, 71g, 155fnewspaper, 2.1: 43g, 111e, 2.3: 405gpicture dictionary, 2.1: 71gsources, natural, 2.4: 177f, 2.6: 447g, 519fsources, personal, 2.1: 87f, 103f, 107b, 111f, 113j, 2.3: 443f, 2.4: 75g, 79b,

177f, 2.6: 447g, 519ftechnology. See Technology, new literacies. telephone book, 2.1: 71gthesaurus, 2.4: 41gSee also Content-area texts; Dictionary/glossary; Research/study skills;

Technology, new literacies.

Reflexive pronouns. See Pronouns.Repetition. See Sound devices and poetic elements.Reread challenging text, 2.1: 28–29, 64–65, 92–93, 136–137, 162–163,

164–165, 2.2: 232–233, 2.3: 360–361, 368–369, 398–399, 434–435, 440–441, 464–465, 496–497, 498–499, 2.4: 30–31, 34–35, 70–71, 98–99, 138–139, 166–167, 168–169, 2.5: 200–201, 234–235, 268–269, 306–307, 336–337, 344–345, 2.6: 372–373d, 404–405, 468–469, 508–509, 516–517

Rereading. See Monitor and clarify, Reread challenging text.Research/study skills

alphabetical order, 2.1: 26f, 34–35, 50–51, 71g, 120f, 134–135, 148–149, UR•12, UR•42, 2.2: 301g, 2.3: 469f, 2.4: 41g

ask questions, 2.1: 25f, 57f, 87f, 119f, 155f, 2.2: 191f, 223f, 253f, 275f, 283f, 319f, 2.3: 353f, 387f, 423f, 457f, 485f, 2.4: 25e, 59e, 89e,

125e, 159e, 2.5: 195e, 227e, 261e, 293e, 329e, 2.6: 365e, 397e, 431e, 463e, 501e

cite sources, 2.2: 207fcommunicate findings, 2.1: 51j, 81j, 113j, 149j, 183j, 2.2: 217j, 247j, 277j,

313j, 345j, 2.3: 381j, 417j, 451j, 479j, 517j, 2.4: 53j, 83j, 119j, 153j, 187j, 2.5: 221j, 255j, 287j, 323j, 357j, 2.6: 391j, 425j, 457j, 495j, 529j

gather/record information, 2.1: 47b, 2.4: 45b, 79b, 113b, 147b, 181b, 2.5: 215b, 251b, 281b, 317b, 351b, 2.6: 385b, 421b, 451b, 491b, 523b

identify/focus topic, 2.1: 25f, 57f, 75b, 87f, 107b, 119f, 143b, 155f, 177b, 2.2: 191f, 211b, 223f, 243b, 253f, 271b, 283f, 305b, 319f, 339b, 2.3: 353f, 375b, 387f, 409b, 423f, 447b, 457f, 473b, 485f, 511b, 2.4: 25e, 59e, 89e, 125e, 159e, 2.5: 195e, 227e, 261e, 293e, 329e, 2.6: 365e, 397e, 431e, 463e, 501e

interview, 2.3: 423f, 443f, 447b, 449g, 451j, 2.6: 447g, 510e, 519f, 523b, 527f, 529j

review/revise topic, 2.1: 49g, 79f, 111f, 147f, 181f, 2.2: 215f, 245f, 275f, 311g, 343f, 2.3: 379f, 415g, 449g, 477f, 515f, 2.4: 51g, 81g, 117f, 151f, 185f, 2.5: 219f, 253g, 285f, 321f, 355f, 2.6: 389f, 423g, 455f, 493g, 527f

take notes, 2.2: 191f, 207f, 211b, 215f, 217j See also Content-area texts; Graphic and semantic organizers; Graphic

sources; Organizing information; Parts of a book; Reference sources.

Response to literature, 2.1: 43a, 45a, 71a, 73a, 105a, 141a, 173a, 175a, 2.2: 209a, 241a, 267a, 269a, 301a, 303a, 337a, 2.3: 371a, 373a, 405a, 407a, 445a, 469a, 471a, 507a, 509a, 2.4: 41a, 43a, 75a, 77a, 109a, 111a, 145a, 179a, 2.5: 211a, 213a, 247a, 249a, 277a, 279a, 313a, 315a, 349a, 2.6: 381a, 383a, 417a, 419a, 447a, 449a, 487a, 489a, 521a. See also Connections, making; Literary response and appreciation.

Retelling. See Speaking. Rhyme. See Sound devices and poetic elements.Rhythm. See Sound devices and poetic elements.Root words. See Word analysis. Rubric. See Assessment, scoring guide (rubric).

SScale drawing. See Graphic sources, diagram/scale drawing.

Schedule. See Graphic sources.School-home connection

Family Times Newsletter, 2.1: 25f, 57f, 87f, 119f, 155f, 2.2: 191f, 223f, 253f, 283f, 319f, 2.3: 353f, 387f, 423f, 457f, 485f, 2.4: 25f, 59f, 89f, 125f, 159f, 2.5: 195f, 227f, 261f, 293f, 329f, 2.6: 365f, 397f, 431f, 463f, 501f

Science activities. See Content-area texts, Cross-curricular connections, Science in reading.

Science in reading, 2.1: 76h, 76–79, 108h, 108–111, 178h, 178–181, 2.3: 376h, 376–379, 2.4: 80h, 80–81, 81a, 114h, 114–117, 182h, 182–185, 2.5: 282h, 282–285. See also Content-area texts.

Search engines. See Technology, new literacies.

Selection vocabulary, 2.1: 26f, 58f, 88f, 120f, 156f, 2.2: 192f, 224f, 254f, 284f, 320f, 2.3: 354f, 388f, 424f, 458f, 486f, 2.4: 25a, 26e, 26f, 59a, 60e, 60f, 89a, 90e, 90f, 125a, 126e, 126f, 159a, 160e, 160f, 2.5: 227a, 228e, 228f, 261a, 262e, 262f, 293a, 294e, 294f, 329a, 330e, 330f, 348g, 2.6: 365a, 366e, 397a, 398e, 431a, 432e, 463a, 464e, 501a, 502e, 520g. See Vocabulary development.

Self-appraisal and self-correction. See Assessment, self-assessment; Monitor and clarify; Self-check.

Self-check, 2.1: 42–43, 70–71, 102–103, 138–139, 172–173, 2.2: 206–207, 238–239, 266–267, 300–301, 334–335, 2.3: 370–371, 404–405, 442–443, 468–469, 506–507, 2.4: 40–41, 72–73, 108–109, 140–141, 176–177, 2.5: 210–211, 246–247, 276–277, 312–313, 346–347, 2.6: 380–381, 416–417, 446–447, 484–485, 518–519

Self-monitor and use fix-up strategies. See Monitor and clarify, Self-check.

33


Sensory words. See Literary terms. Sentences

complete, 2.1: 25c, 43c, 45b, 46–47, 49c, 51g, UR•16parts of

predicate, 2.1: 87c, 103b, 105b, 106–107, 111b, 113g, UR•36, 2.4: 62a, 66–67, 74–75, 83b

subject, 2.1: 57c, 71c, 73b, 74–75, 79b, 81g, UR•26structure

compound, 2.6: 501b, 519b, 522a, 522–523, 527b, 529gtypes of

declarative, 2.1: 119c, 139b, 141b, 142–143, 147b, 149g, UR•46exclamatory, 2.1: 155c, 173c, 175b, 176–177, 181b, 183g, UR•56imperative, 2.1: 155c, 173c, 175b, 176–177, 181b, 183g, UR•56interrogative, 2.1: 119c, 139b, 141b, 142–143, 147b, 149g, UR•46

word order, 2.1: 25c, 43c

Sequence directions, follow/give, 2.1: 108h, 108–111, 113c, 2.2: 215e, 216–217, 217a,

343e, 344–345, 345a, 2.5: 282–285, 287csequence of events, 2.2: 308–309, 2.3: 376–377, 400–401, 406h, 414–415,

457a, 458g, 464–465, 468–469, 471a, 476–477, 479b, 479f, 488–489, 508h, UR•23–UR•24, 2.4: 58a, 58–59, 62a, 66–67, 74–75, 77a, 83b, 83f, 150–151, 2.5: 278h, 284–285, 2.6: 462a, 462–463, 466a, 468–469, 472–473, 476–477, 480–481, 484–485, 486–487, 489a, 493a, 495b, 495f, UR•43–UR•44. See also Listening comprehension.

steps in a process, 2.1: 108h, 108–111, 113c, 2.3: 512–513, 2.5: 282–285, 287c

story structure and, 2.1: 88h, 90–91, 94–95, 98–99, 102–103, 105a, UR•33, UR•35, 2.2: 284h, 298–299, 303a, 310–311, UR•43, UR•45, 292a, 292–293, 296a, 304–305, 312–313, 315a, UR•43, UR•45, 2.6: 489a

See also Listening, comprehension.

Setting, 2.1: 25a, 26h, 28–29, 32–33, 36–37, 38–39, 40–41, 45a, 51b, 51f, 87a–87b, 92–93, 96–97, 100–101, 103a, 105a, 113b, 113f, 158–159, 173b, 174h, UR•13–UR•14, UR•23–UR•24, 2.2: 335a, 2.3: 443a, 451c, 2.4: 30–31, 42h, 2.5: 292a, 292–293, 296a, 298–299, 300–301, 302–303, 306–307, 308–309, 310–311, 315a, 323b, 323f, 334–335, 348h, UR•43–UR•44, 2.6: 447b, 457c. See also Listening, comprehension.

Setting purpose for reading. See Prereading strategies. Shades of meaning. See Adjectives, Verbs.Simile. See Figurative language, Literary terms. Small Group Time, 2.1: 43a, 44e, 50d, 71a, 72e, 80d, 103a, 104e, 112d, 139a,

140e, 148d, 173a, 174e, 182d, 2.2: 207a, 208e, 216d, 239a, 240e, 246d, 267a, 268e, 276d, 301a, 302e, 312d, 335a, 336e, 344e, 2.3: 371a, 372e, 380d, 405a, 406e, 416d, 443a, 444e, 450d, 469a, 470e, 478d, 507a, 508e, 516d, 2.4: 41a, 42e, 52d, 75a, 76e, 82d, 109a, 110e, 118d, 143a, 144e, 152d, 177a, 178e, 186d, 2.5: 211a, 212e, 220d, 247a, 248e, 254d, 277a, 278e, 286d, 313a, 314e, 322d, 347a, 348e, 356d, 2.6: 381a, 382e, 390d, 417a, 418e, 424d, 448e, 447a, 487a, 488e, 494d, 519a, 520e, 528d

Social studies activities. See Content-area texts, social studies; Cross-curricular connections.

Social studies in reading, 2.2: 212h, 212–215, 2.3: 410h, 410–415, 2.4: 46h, 2.5: 216h, 216–219, 318h, 318–321, 2.6: 386h, 386–389, 492h, 492–493, 493a, 524h, 524–527. See also Content-area texts.

Solving problems. See Problems, solving.Sound devices and poetic elements

alliteration, 2.6: 422h, 423afree verse, 2.5: 252honomatopoeia, 2.1: 48h, 49arepetition, 2.1: 49a, 51c, 2.2: 313c, 2.3: 448h, 2.5: 255crhyme, 2.1: 48h, 49a, 51c, 2.2: 245a, 2.3: 448h, 448–449, 2.4: 80h, 83c,

2.5: 255cinternal rhyme, 2.5: 255cslant rhyme, 2.4: 83c

rhythm, 2.1: 49a, 51c, 2.3: 448h, 2.4: 80h, 83c, 2.5: 255c

Sources. See Media literacy; Reference sources; Technology, new literacies.

Speaker/narrator. See Literary terms.Speaker’s purpose. See Speaking, behaviors.

Speakingactivities

advertisement, 2.6: 423f, 424–425, 425aannouncement, 2.4: 81f, 82–83demonstration, 2.5: 253f, 254–255, 255a description, 2.3: 477e, 478–479, 479a, 2.6: 455e, 456–457, 457adirections, 2.2: 215e, 216–217, 217a, 343e, 344–345, 345a, 2.6: 493f,

494–495, 495adiscussion, 2.1: 20j, 24a, 25c, 25e, 26c, 26g, 40–41, 43e, 43f, 44d,

45b, 47a, 49e, 50b, 50c, 51a, 51b, 51i, 52j, 56a, 57c, 57e, 58c, 58g, 66–67, 71b, 71e, 71f, 72d, 73b, 75a, 79d, 80b, 80c, 81a, 81b, 81i, 82j, 86a, 87c, 87e, 88c, 88g, 96–97, 103d, 103e, 104d, 105b, 107a, 111d, 112b, 112c, 113a, 113b, 113i, 114j, 118a, 119c, 119e, 120c, 120g, 124–125, 139d, 139e, 140d, 141b, 143a, 147d, 148b, 148c, 149a, 149b, 149i, 150j, 154a, 155c, 155e, 156c, 156g, 170–171, 173e, 173f, 174d, 175b, 177a, 181d, 182b, 182c, 183a, 183b, 183i, 2.2: 186j, 190a, 191c, 191e, 192c, 192g, 198–199, 207d, 207e, 208d, 209b, 211a, 215d, 216b, 216c, 217a, 217b, 217i, 218j, 222a, 223c, 223e, 224c, 224g, 234–235, 239d, 239e, 240d, 241b, 243a, 245e, 246b, 246c, 247a, 247b, 247i, 248j, 252a, 253c, 253e, 254c, 254g, 267e, 267f, 268d, 269b, 271a, 275d, 276b, 276c, 277a, 277b, 277i, 278j, 282a, 283c, 283e, 284c, 284e, 284g, 292–293, 300–301, 301e, 301f, 302d, 303b, 305a, 311e, 312b, 312c, 313a, 313b, 313i, 314j, 318a, 319c, 319e, 320c, 320e, 320g, 322–323, 330–331, 335d, 335e, 336d, 337b, 339a, 343d, 344b, 344c, 345a, 345b, 345i, 2.3: 348j, 352a, 353c, 353e, 354c, 354e, 354g, 356–357, 371e, 371f, 372d, 373b, 375a, 379d, 380b, 380c, 381a, 381b, 381i, 382j, 386a, 387c, 387e, 388c, 388e, 388g, 405e, 405f, 406d, 409a, 415e, 416b, 416c, 417a, 417b, 417i, 418j, 422a, 423c, 423e, 424c, 424e, 424g, 443d, 443e, 444d, 446a, 447a, 449e, 450b, 450c, 451a, 451b, 451i, 452j, 456a, 457c, 457e, 458c, 458g, 460–461, 469d, 469e, 470d, 471b, 473a, 477d, 478b, 478c, 479a, 479b, 479i, 480j, 484a, 485c, 485e, 486c, 486g, 507e, 507f, 508d, 509b, 511a, 515d, 516b, 516c, 517a, 517b, 517i, 2.4: 20j, 23a, 25b, 25d, 26c, 27a, 28–29, 41e, 41f, 42d, 42g, 44a, 45a, 51e, 52b, 52c, 53i, 54j, 57a, 59b, 59d, 60c, 61a, 70–71, 75e, 75f, 76d, 76g, 78a, 79a, 81e, 82b, 82c, 83i, 84j, 87a, 89b, 89d, 90c, 91a, 109e, 109f, 110d, 110g, 112a, 113a, 117d, 118b, 118c, 118–119, 119i, 120j, 123a, 125b, 125d, 126c, 127a, 138–139, 143d, 143e, 144d, 144g, 146a, 147a, 151d, 152b, 152c, 153i, 154j, 157a, 159b, 159d, 160c, 161a, 164–165, 172–173, 177d, 177e, 178d, 178g, 180a, 181a, 185d, 186b, 186c, 187a, 187i, 2.5: 190j, 193a, 195b, 195d, 196c, 197a, 198–199, 211e, 211f, 212d, 212g, 214a, 215a, 219d, 220b, 220c, 221a, 221i, 222j, 225a, 227b, 227d, 228c, 229a, 247e, 247f, 248d, 248g, 250a, 251a, 253e, 254b, 254c, 255i, 256j, 259a, 261b, 261d, 262c, 263a, 272–273, 277e, 277f, 278d, 278g, 280a, 281a, 285d, 286b, 286c, 287i, 288j, 291a, 293b, 293d, 294c, 295a, 313e, 313f, 314d, 314g, 316a, 317a, 321d, 322b, 322c, 323i, 324j, 327a, 329b, 329d, 330c, 331a, 347d, 347e, 348d, 348g, 350a, 351a, 355d, 356b, 356c, 357i, 2.6: 360j, 363a, 365b, 365d, 366c, 367a, 368–369, 381e, 381f, 382d, 382g, 384a, 385a, 389d, 390b, 390c, 391i, 392j, 395a, 397b, 397d, 398c, 399a, 414–415, 417e, 417f, 418d, 418g, 420a, 421a, 423e, 424b, 424c, 425i, 426j, 429a, 431b, 431d, 432c, 433a, 436–437, 447e, 447f, 448d, 448g, 450a, 451a, 455d, 456b, 456c, 457i, 458j, 461a, 463b, 463d, 464c, 465a, 476–477, 484–485, 487e, 487f, 488d, 488g, 490a, 491a, 493e, 494b, 494c, 495i, 496j, 499a, 501b, 501d, 502c, 503a, 506–507, 519d, 519e, 520d, 520g, 522a, 523a, 527d, 528b, 528c, 529i

34


dramatic interpretation, 2.1: 181e, 182–183, 183adramatization, 2.1: 181e, 182–183, 183ainstructions, 2.2: 215e, 216–217, 217a, 343e, 344–345, 345ainterview, 2.3: 423f, 443f, 447b, 449g, 451g, 2.5: 355e, 2.6: 447g,

510e, 519f, 523b, 527f, 529f, 519f introduction, 2.3: 379e, 380–381, 381anarrate story, 2.1: 147e, 148–149, 149anarration in sequence, 2.1: 147e, 148–149, 149anarrative presentation, 2.5: 321e, 322–323, 323a oral report, 2.6: 389e, 390–391, 391a problem solving, 2.3: 415f, 416–417, 417aquestioning, 2.2: 275e, 276–277, 277aretelling, 2.1: 44–45, 72–73, 104–105, 140–141, 147e, 148–149,

149a, 174–175, 2.2: 208–209, 240–241, 268–269, 302–303, 336–337, 2.3: 372–373, 406–407, 444–445, 470–471, 508–509, 2.4: 42–43, 76–77, 110–111, 144–145, 178–179, 2.5: 212–213, 248–249, 278–279, 314–315, 348–349, 2.6: 382–383, 418–419, 448–449, 488–489, 520–521

story, 2.1: 147esummarize information, 2.3: 449f, 450–451, 451a, 2.4: 185e,

186–187, 187abehaviors

audience awareness, 2.5: 355e, 356–357, 357a, 2.6: 455e, 456–457, 457a

focus, 2.5: 321e, 322–323, 323agrammatical speaking, 2.4: 117e, 118–119, 185elanguage, formal/informal, 2.5: 355e, 356–357, 357a props, using, 2.5: 253fpurposes, 2.1: 49f, 50–51, 51a speaker, be a good, 2.1: 79e, 80–81, 81a, 181e, 2.4: 117e, 118–119vocabulary, 2.6: 389e, 390–391, 391a

Speaking and Listening. See Listening, Speaking.Spelling

dictation, 2.1: 24d, 50d, 56d, 80d, 86d, 112d, 118d, 148d, 154d, 182d, 2.2: 190d, 216d, 222d, 246d, 252d, 276d, 282d, 312d, 318d, 344d, 2.3: 352d, 380d, 386d, 416d, 422d, 450d, 456d, 478d, 484d, 516d, 2.4: 23b, 52d, 57b, 82d, 87b, 118d, 123b, 152d, 157b, 186d, 2.5: 193b, 220d, 225b, 254d, 259b, 286d, 291b, 322d, 327b, 356d, 2.6: 363b, 390d, 395b, 424d, 429b, 456d, 461b, 494d, 499b, 528d

phonics, connection to consonant blends, 2.1: 86d, 88d, 104e, 108g, 112d, UR•31, 2.5: 291b,

294d, 314e, 318g, 322dconsonant digraphs, 2.1: 154d, 156d, 174e, 178g, 182c, UR•51,

2.5: 291b, 294d, 314e, 318g, 322d, UR•41consonants, 2.1: 24d, 26d, 44e, 48g, 50dconsonants, silent, 2.5: 259b, 262d, 278e, 282g, 286d, UR•31vowel digraphs, 2.2: 318d, 320d, 336e, 340g, 344d, UR•51, 2.3: 352d,

354d, 372e, 376g, 380d, 386d, 388d, 406e, 410g, 416d, UR•11, UR•21, UR•41, 456d, 458d, 470e, 474g, 478d, UR•11, UR•21, UR•41, 2.4: 157b, 160d, 178e, 182g, 186d, UR•51

vowel diphthongs, 2.4: 87b, 90d, 110e, 114g, 118d, UR•31vowels, long, 2.1: 56d, 58d, 72e, 76g, 80d, UR•21, 2.3: 352d, 354d,

372e, 376g, 380c, 386d, 388d, 406e, 410g, 416c, UR•11, UR•21, UR•41, 456d, 458d, 470e, 474g, 478d, UR•11, UR•21, UR•41

vowel patterns, 2.1: 56d, 58d, 72e, 76g, 80d, UR•21, 2.4: 57b, 60d, 76e, 80g, 82d, UR•21, 327b, 330d, 348c, 352g, 356d, UR•51VCe, 2.5: UR•51

vowels, r-controlled, 2.2: 190d, 192d, 208e, 212g, 216c, 252d, 254d, 268e, 272g, 276d, UR•11, UR•31

vowels, short, 2.1: 24d, 26d, 44e, 48g, 50d, UR•11word analysis

abbreviations, 2.6: 395b, 398d, 418e, 422g, 424d, UR•21compound words, 2.3: 422d, 424d, 444e, 448g, 450d, UR•31contractions, 2.2: 222d, 224d, 240e, 244g, 246c, UR•21 endings, comparative, 2.3: 484d, 486d, 508e, 512g, 516d, UR•51

endings, inflected, 2.1: 118d, 120d, 140e, 144g, 148c, UR•41, 2.6: 363b, 366d, 382e, 386g, 390d, UR•11

plurals, 2.2: 282d, 284d, 302e, 306g, 312d, UR•41prefixes, 2.5: 225b, 228d, 248e, 252g, 254d, UR•21, 2.6: 499b, 502d,

520e, 524g, 528d, UR•51suffixes, 2.5: 193b, 196d, 212e, 216g, 220d, UR•11, 2.6: 461b, 464c,

488e, 492g, 494d, UR•41syllabication

syllable patterns, 2.4: 123b, 126d, 144e, 148g, 152d, UR•41syllables, final -le, 2.4: 23b, 26d, 42e, 46g, 52d, UR•11syllables, final -tion, -ture, 2.6: 429b, 432d, 448e, 452g, 456d,

UR•31

Stage directions. See Literary terms.Story elements. See Character, Plot, Setting, Theme.Story structure

pattern of events, 2.2: 294–295problem/solution, 2.2: 284g, 286–287, 300–301, 306–307, 2.5: 295asequence, 2.1: 86g, 90–91, 94–95, 98–99, 100–101, 105a, UR•33, UR•35,

2.2: 284g, 298–299, 303a, 310–311, UR•43, UR•45, 292a, 292–293, 295a, 304–305, 312–313, 315a, UR•43, UR•45, 2.6: 489a

See also Plot, Sequence, Text structure.

Strategic intervention. See Access for All. Structural analysis. See Word analysis.Study strategies. See Graphic and semantic organizers, Graphic

sources, Research/study skills. Style, author’s. See Literary craft, Literary response and appreciation.Subject-verb agreement, 2.3: 387c, 405c, 407b, 408–409, 415c, 417g,

UR•26

Suffixes, 2.4: 90g, 100–101, 110g, 119a, UR•32, 2.5: 192a, 192–193, 193a, 193c–193d, 195a, 196c, 196g, 196–197, 204–205, 212c, 212d, 212g, 216d, 216e–216f, 220–221, 220c, 221e, 228c, 252c, 282d, 330g, 330–331, 333–334, 348g, 356–357, UR•10, UR•12, UR•52, 2.6: 460a, 460–461, 461a, 461c–461d, 464c, 488c–488d, 492d, 492e–492f, 494c, 495e, 502c, 524c. See also Spelling, word analysis; Vocabulary skills/strategies; Word analysis.

Summarize, 2.1: 43a, 2.2: 192g, 194–195, 200–201, 206–207, 212–213, 214–215, 244–245, UR•13, UR•15, 2.3: 405a, 424g, 430–431, 434–435, 440–441, 442–443, 448–449, 449a, UR•33, UR•35, 2.4: 40–41, 148h, 148–149, 150–151, 2.6: 399a, 396–397, 399a, 404–405, 414–415, 416–417, 419a, 422–423, UR•23, UR•35

Syllabication. See Spelling, word analysis; Word analysis. Synonyms, 2.1: 88f, 90–91, 112–113, 156f, 168–169, 182–183, UR•32,

UR•52, 2.3: 486f, 498–499, 516–517, UR•52, 2.4: 41g, 2.6: 431a. See also Vocabulary skills/strategies.

Synthesis. See Connections, making; Higher-order thinking skills; Reading and Writing Across Texts.

TTable of contents. See Parts of a book. Tables. See Graphic sources, chart/table.

Taking notes. See Note-taking, Organizing information, Research/study skills.

Tall tale. See Genres.Target comprehension skills. See Comprehension skills, explicit/

implicit instruction for a total listing of these skills.

Target comprehension strategies. See Comprehension strategies for a total listing of these strategies.

Teaching strategiesclassroom-based. See Assessment, progress monitoring.modeling. This strategy is part of every lesson.

35


think-aloud. This strategy is part of every lesson.See also Assessment.

Technology eStreet Interactive, 2.1: 20c, 52c, 82h, 114c, 150c, 2.2: 186c, 218c, 248c,

278c, 314c, 2.3: 348c, 382c, 418c, 452c, 480c, 2.4: 20c, 54c, 84c, 120c, 154c, 2.5: 190c, 222c, 256c, 288c, 324c, 2.6: 360c, 392c, 426c, 458c, 496c

new literaciese-mail, 2.4: 143f, 148h, 148–151homepage, 2.2: 272hkeyword, 2.2: 339b, 343f, 2.3: 507g, 511b, 512h, 2.5: 277glinks, 2.2: 335f, 2.3: 507g, 511b, 2.5: 211g, 2.6: 452h online directories, 2.5: 211g, 2.6: 452h, 452–455online reference sources, 2.1: 144h, 144–147, 2.5: 277g, 281b,

347f, 352fsearch engines, 2.3: 507g, 511b, 512h, 512–515, 2.5: 277gURL, 2.1: 144h, 146–147, 2.2: 335f, 351b, 354–355Web site, 2.1: 144h, 144–147, 2.2: 243b, 247a, 272h, 272–275, 305b,

335f, 339b, 343f, 2.3: 507g, 2.5: 215b, 347f, 352h, 352–355, 2.6: 252h, 452h, 452–455

skills for using technologyevaluation of Internet information and sources, 2.5: 347f, 351b, 352h,

352–355communication, 2.4: 143f, 148h, 148–151information acquisition, 2.1: 144h, 144–147, 2.2: 247a, 272h, 335f,

2.3: 507g, 2.5: 211g, 277g, 347f, 352h, 2.6: 452h, 452–453operations and concepts, 2.3: 507g, 512h, 2.6: 452h

See also Genres, Reference sources.

Telephone book. See Reference sources. Testing, formal and informal. See Assessment.Tests, writing for, 2.1: 87d–87e, 103c–103d, 106–107, 107a, 111c–111d,

113h–113i, 2.2: 253d–253e, 267d–267e, 270–271, 271a, 275c–275d, 277h–277i, 2.3: 457d–457e, 469c–469d, 472–473, 473a, 477c–477d, 479h–479i, 2.4: 59c–59d, 75d–75e, 78–79, 79a, 81d–81e, 83h–83i, 2.5: 329c–329d, 347c–347d, 350–351, 351a, 355c–355d, 357h–357i. See also Assessment.

Text-based comprehension, 2.1: 25a, 26g–26h, 43a, 44h, 51b, 57a, 58g–58h, 71a, 72h, 81b, 87a, 88g–88h, 104h, 113b, 119a, 120g–120h, 140h, 149b, 155a, 156g–156h, 173a, 174h, 183b, 2.2: 191a, 192g–192h, 207a, 208h, 217b, 223a, 224g–224h, 240h, 247b, 253a, 254g–254h, 267a, 268h, 277b, 283a, 284g–284h, 301a, 302h, 313b, 319a, 320g–320h, 335a, 336h, 345b, 2.3: 353a, 354g–354h, 372h, 381b, 387a, 388g–388h, 405a, 406h, 417b, 423a, 424g–424h, 444h, 451b, 457a, 458g–458h, 470h, 479b, 485a, 486g–486h, 507a, 508h, 517b, 2.4: 24a, 24–25, 27a–28a, 41a, 42h, 53b, 58a, 58–59, 61a–62a, 75a, 76h, 83b, 88a, 88–89, 91a–92a, 109a, 110h, 119b, 124a, 124–125, 143a, 144h, 153b, 158a, 158–159, 161a–162a, 177a, 178h, 187b, 2.5: 194a, 194–195, 197a–198a, 211a, 212h, 221b, 226a, 226–227, 229a–230a, 248h, 255b, 260a, 260–261, 263a–264a, 277a, 278h, 287b, 292a, 292–293, 295a–296a, 313a, 314h, 323b, 328a, 328–329, 331a–332a, 347a, 348h, 357b, 2.6: 364a, 364–365, 367a–368a, 381a, 382h, 391b, 396a, 396–397, 399a–400a, 418h, 425b, 430a, 430–431, 433a–434a, 447a, 448h, 457b, 462a, 462–463, 465a–466a, 488h, 495b, 500a, 500–501, 503a–504a, 519a, 520h, 529b

Text–based evidence, 2.1: 28–29, 30–31, 32–33, 34–35, 36–37, 40–41, 42–43, 60–61, 62–63, 68–69, 70–71, 88–89, 92–93, 94–95, 98–99, 100–101, 102–103, 120–121, 122–123, 126–127, 134–135, 136–137, 138–139, 156–157, 158–159, 160–161, 162–163, 166–167, 170–171, 172–173, 2.2: 194–195, 196–197, 198–199, 200–201, 202–203, 204–205, 206–207, 224–225, 228–229, 230–231, 232–233, 234–235, 236–237, 256–257, 258–259, 260–261, 262–263, 266–267, 284–285, 286–287, 288–289, 290–291, 292–293, 296–297, 298–299, 300–301, 320–321, 326–327, 328–329, 332–333, 334–335, 2.3: 354–355, 358–359, 362–363, 366–367, 368–369, 390–391, 392–393, 366–397, 398–399, 402–403,

404–405, 424–425, 426–427, 428–429, 432–433, 434–435, 436–437, 442–443, 458–459, 462–463, 468–469, 488–489, 490–491, 494–495, 496–497, 498–499, 502–503, 506–507, 2.4: 28–29, 32–33, 36–37, 40–41, 62–63, 64–65, 66–67, 68–69, 70–71, 72–73, 74–75, 94–95, 98–99, 100–101,104–105, 108–109, 128–129, 130–131, 132–133, 136–137, 140–141, 142–143,162–163, 164–165, 166–167, 168–169, 170–171, 174–175, 176–177, 2.5: 198–199, 202–203, 208–209, 210–211, 230–231, 232–233, 234–235, 236–237, 240–241, 242–243,246–247, 264–265, 266–267, 270–271, 272–273, 274–275, 276–277, 296–297, 300–301, 302–303, 304–305, 306–307, 310–311, 312–313, 332–333, 334–335, 336–337, 2.6: 368–369, 372–373, 374–375, 376–377, 380–381, 400–401, 402–403, 406–407, 408–409, 410–411, 414–415, 416–417, 468–469, 472–473, 474–475, 478–479, 484–485, 486–487, 504–505, 506–507, 508–509, 510–511, 512–513, 514–515, 516–517, 518–519

Text complexity, 2.1: 26h, 58h, 88h, 120h, 156h, 2.2: 192h, 224h, 254h, 284h, 320h, 2.3: 354h, 388h, 424h, 458h, 486h, 2.4: 28a, 62a, 92a, 128a, 162a, 2.5: 198a, 232a, 264a, 296a, 332a, 2.6: 368a, 400a, 434a, 466a, 504a. See also weekly tabs in Teacher’s Edition.

Text features captions, 2.1: 78–79, 81c, 113c, 149c, 2.4: 109bchapter, 2.2: 267g, 271bfont, 2.1: 81c, 108–109graphic sources. See Graphic sources. headings, 2.1: 62–63, 70–71, 73a, 76–77, 78–79, 81c, 108–109, UR•23,

2.2: 236–237, 245g, 267g, 271b, 2.6: 492–493, 493a, UR•43illustrations/photographs, 2.1: 70–71, 76–77, 81c, 108–109, 113c, 149clabels, 2.1: 76–77, 78–79list, 2.1: 108–109subheads, 2.1: 108–109title, 2.1: 81cSee also Graphic sources, Parts of a book.

Text structure change in, 2.2: 241adescription, 2.2: 217c, 2.4: 119cmain idea and details, 2.1: UR•25, 2.2: 247a, 277c, 2.6: 417b, 425cpoetic, 2.2: 244–245, 245aproblem and solution, 2.6: 465a, 470–471, 474–475, 478–479, 482–483,

484–485sequence, 2.1: 58g, 2.2: 207a, 224g, 226–227, 230–231, 236–237,

238–239, 239a, UR•23, UR•25, 2.3: 517c, 2.6: 465a, 489a, UR•43, UR•45

text features and, 2.1: 62–63, 68–69, 70–71, 73a, 76–77See also Story structure.

Theme, 2.1: 42–43, 44h, 173a, 2.3: 362–363, 372h, 2.4: 41b, 124a, 124–125, 128a, 132–133, 138–139, 142–143, 145a, 153b, 153c, 153f, 158a, 158–159, 162a, 166–167, 168–169, 172–173, 174–175, 177a, 179a, 187b, 187f, UR•43–UR•44, UR•53–UR•54, 2.5: 247a, 260a, 260–261, 264a, 268–269, 272–273, 274–275, 279a, 287b, 287f, 298–299, UR•33–UR•34. See also Literary terms, moral lesson; Main idea.

Thesaurus. See Reference sources.Think-aloud statements. Think-alouds and teacher modeling appear

throughout weekly lessons as basic teaching strategies.

Thinking strategies. See Higher-order thinking skills.Time and order words. See Vocabulary skills/strategies.Time line. See Graphic and semantic organizers, Graphic sources.Time sequence. See Sequence.Title page. See Parts of a book. Topic, recognizing. See Main idea.21st century skills. See Media literacy; Technology; Writing, with

technology.Types of literature. See Genres.

36


UUnfamiliar words, 2.2: 192f, 204–205, 216–217, 320f, 324–325, 344–345,

UR•12, UR•52, 2.5: 228g, 228–229, 240–241, 248g, 254–255, 2.6: 464g, 464–465, 476–477, 488g, 494–495, UR•42. See also Context clues for meaning, Vocabulary skills/strategies.

Usage. See Grammar and usage for all grammar and usage listings.

VVenn diagram. See Graphic and semantic organizers, types.

Verbsaction, 2.3: 353c, 371c, 373b, 374–375, 379b, 381g, UR•16shades of meaning, 2.1: 88f, 2.3: 379b tense, 2.3: 423c, 443b, 446a, 446–447, 449c, 451g, 457c, 469b, 471b,

472–473, 477b, 479g, UR•36, UR•46verb to be, 2.3: 485c, 507c, 509b, 510–511, 515b, 517g, UR•56

Verse. See Literary terms.Viewing. See Media literacy. Visualizing, 2.3: 388g, 392–393, 396–397, 400–401, 404–405, 410–411,

414–415, 415a, UR•23, UR•25, 2.4: 124a, 124–125, 127a, 130–131, 134–135, 136–137, 140–141, 145a, UR•43, UR•45, 2.5: 216–217, 218–219, 226a, 226–227, 229a, 232–233, 238–239, 244–245, 246–247, 249a, UR•23, UR•25

Vocabulary developmentacademic vocabulary, 2.1: 22b, 25b, 25d, 26f, 26h, 43g, 44h, 48h, 49e, 54b,

57b, 57d, 57f, 58f, 58h, 72h, 76h, 84b, 87b, 88f, 88h, 104h, 108h, 116b, 117a, 119b, 119d, 120f, 120h, 139f, 140h, 144h, 152b, 155b, 155d, 155f, 156f, 156h, 174h, 178h, 2.2: 188b, 191b, 191d, 191f, 192f, 192h, 207f, 208h, 212h, 220b, 221a, 223b, 223d, 224f, 224h, 239f, 240h, 244h, 250b, 253b, 253d, 254f, 254h, 267g, 268h, 272h, 280b, 283b, 283d, 284f, 284h, 301g, 302h, 306h, 316b, 319b, 319d, 320h, 335f, 336h, 340h, 2.3: 350b, 353b, 353d, 354f, 354h, 371e, 371g, 372h, 376h, 384b, 387b, 387d, 388f, 388h, 405g, 406h, 410h, 420b, 423b, 423d, 423f, 424f, 424h, 443f, 444h, 448h, 454b, 457b, 457d, 458h, 469f, 470h, 474h, 482b, 483a, 485b, 485d, 486f, 486h, 507g, 508h, 2.4: 21b, 24–25, 25b, 25d, 28a, 42h, 46h, 51e, 53c, 55b, 58–59, 59b, 59d, 62a, 76h, 80h, 85b, 88–89, 89b, 92a, 110d, 110f, 110h, 114h, 119c, 121b, 124–125, 125b, 125d, 128a, 144h, 148h, 153c, 155b, 158–159, 159b, 159d, 162a, 178d, 178h, 182h, 187c, 2.5: 191b, 194–195, 195b, 195d, 198a, 212h, 216h, 221c, 223b, 226–227, 227d, 230a, 248h, 252h, 255c, 257b, 260–261, 261d, 264a, 278f, 278h, 282h, 287c, 289b, 292–293, 293d, 314h, 318h, 323c, 325b, 328–329, 329b, 329d, 332a, 348h, 352h, 357c, 2.6: 361b, 363b, 364–365, 365d, 368a, 382h, 386h, 391c, 393b, 396–397, 397b, 397d, 400a, 422h, 425c, 427b, 430–431, 431b, 431d, 434a, 457c, 459b, 461b, 462–463, 463b, 463d, 466a, 495c, 497b, 499b, 500–501, 501b, 501d, 504a, 520h, 524h, 529c

connections, make, 2.4: 25a, 59a, 89a, 125a, 159a, 2.5: 195a, 227a, 261a, 293a, 329a, 2.6: 365a, 397a, 431a, 463a, 501a

content-area vocabulary, 2.1: 78–79, 110–111, 180–181, 2.2: 214–215, 274–275, 2.3:376h, 378–379, 412–413, 415a, 476–477, 479c, 514–515, 2.4: 48–49, 51a, 81a, 116–117, 150–151, 184–185, 2.5: 218–219, 253a, 284–285, 320–321, 354–355, 2.6: 388–389, 493a, 526–527

develop language, 2.1: 32–33, 2.2: 228–229graphic organizers for studying. See Graphic and semantic organizers.high-frequency words, 2.1: 25, 26e, 44g, 57, 58e, 72g, 87, 88e, 104g, 119,

120e, 140g, 155, 156e, 174g, 2.2: 191, 192e, 208g, 223, 224e, 240g, 253, 254e, 268g, 283, 284e, 302g, 319, 320e, 336g, 2.3: 353, 354e, 372g, 387, 388e, 406g, 423, 424e, 444g, 457, 458e, 470g, 485, 486e, 508g

listening for vocabulary development, 2.1: 25a–25b, 57a–57b, 87a–87b, 119a–119b, 155a–155b, 2.2: 191a–191b, 223a–223b, 253a–253b,

283a–283b, 319a–319b, 2.3: 353a–353b, 387a–387b, 423a–423b, 457a–457b, 485a–485b

selection vocabulary, 2.1: 26f, 34–35, 44g, 51b, 58f, 62–63, 72g, 81b, 88f, 94–95, 104g, 113b, 120f, 122–123, 140g, 149b, 156f, 158–159, 174g, 183b, 2.2: 192f, 202–203, 208g, 217b, 224f, 232–233, 240g, 247b, 254f, 256–257, 268g, 277b, 284f, 290–291, 302g, 313b, 320f, 330–331, 336g, 345b, 2.3: 354f, 360–361, 372g, 381b, 388f, 394–395, 406g, 417b, 424f, 438–439, 444g, 451b, 458f, 460–461, 470g, 479b, 486f, 502–503, 508g, 517b, 2.4: 25a, 26e, 36–37, 42g, 53b, 59a, 60e, 70–71, 76g, 83b, 89a, 90e, 96–97, 110g, 119b, 125a, 126e, 134–135, 136–137, 144g, 153b, 159a, 160e, 168–169, 172–173, 178g, 187b, UR•12, UR•22, UR•32, UR•42, UR•52, 2.5: 195a, 196e, 206–207, 212g, 221b, 227a, 228e, 234–235, 236–237, 248g, 255b, 261a, 262e, 270–271, 272–273, 278g, 287b, 293a, 294e, 298–299, 306–307, 314g, 323b, 329a, 330e, 338–339, 346–347, 348g, 357b, UR•12, UR•22, UR•32, UR•42, UR•52, 2.6: 365a, 366e, 372–373, 374–375, 382g, 391b, 397a, 398e, 402–403, 418g, 425b, 431a, 432e, 438–439, 440–441, 448g, 457b, 463a, 464e, 472–473, 478–479, 488g, 495b, 501a, 502e, 514–515, 520g, 529b, UR•12, UR•22, UR•32, UR•42, UR•52

speaking for vocabulary development, 2.6: 389e, 390–391, 391awriting vocabulary, 2.1: 139c–139d, 2.2: 271a, 305a, 2.3: 447a, 473a,

2.4: 79a, 81d, 2.5: 215a, 2.6: 523a, 527c–527dSee also Vocabulary skills/strategies.

Vocabulary skills/strategiesalphabetization, 2.1: 26f, 34–35, 50–51, 120f, 134–135, 148–149,

UR•12, UR•42antonyms, 2.3: 354f, 358–359, 380–381, 422–423, 424f, 428–429,

450–451, UR•12, UR•32, 2.4: 59a, 60g, 60–61, 66–67, 76g, 82–83, 83a, UR•22

classification/categorization, 2.5: 262g, 262–263, 274–275, 278g, 286–287, UR•32

compound words, 2.4: 159a, 2.5: 294g, 294–295, 302–303, 314g, 322–323, 329a, UR•42, 2.6: 397a, 463a

context clues, 2.1: 96–97, 2.2: 192f, 194–195, 196–197, 216–217, 217a, 234–235, 320f, 324–325, 344–345, UR•12, 362–363, 2.6: 464g, 464–465, 476–477, 488g, 494–495

dictionary/glossary, 2.2: 224f, 234–235, 246–247, UR•22, 2.5: 228g, 228–229, 240–241, 248g, 254–255, UR•22

endings, inflected, 2.4: 25a, 2.5: 227a, 261a, 2.6: 365a homophones, 2.2: 284f, 288–289, 312–313, UR•42, 2.6: 366g, 366–367,

376–377, 382g, 390–391, UR•12multiple-meaning words, 2.2: 234–235, 2.4: 26g, 26–27, 32–33, 42g,

52–53, 126g, 126–127, 138–139, 144g, 153a, UR•12, UR•42, 2.6: 398g, 398–399, 406–407, 418g, 424–425, 502g, 502–503, 506–507, 520g, 528–529, UR•22, UR•52

plurals, 2.6: 501aposition words, 2.1: 58f, 60–61, 80–81, UR•22prefixes, 2.3: 388f, 392–393, 416–417, UR•22, 2.4: 160g, 160–161,

170–171, 178g, 186–187, UR•52suffixes, 2.4: 90g, 90–91, 100–101, 110g, 119a, UR•32, 2.5: 195a, 196g,

196–197, 204–205, 212g, 220–221, 330g, 330–331, 334–335, 348g, 356–357, UR•12, UR•52

synonyms, 2.1: 88f, 90–91, 112–113, 156f, 168–169, 182–183, UR•32, UR•52, 2.3: 486f, 498–499, 516–517, UR•52, 2.6: 431a

time and order words, 2.2: 254f, 262–263, 276–277, UR•32unfamiliar words, 2.1: 96–97, 2.2: 192f, 204–205, 216–217, 217a,

320f, 324–325, 344–345, UR•12, UR•52, 2.5: 228g, 228–229, 240–241, 248g, 2.6: 464g, 464–465, 476–477, 488g, 494–495, UR•42

words from other languages, 2.3: 458f, 462–463, 470g, 478–479, UR•42, 2.6: 432g, 432–433, 442–443, 448g, 456–457, UR•32

See also Context clues for meaning, Independent Practice Stations, Vocabulary development, Word analysis.

37


WWeb. See Graphic and semantic organizers, types.

Web site. See Genres; Technology, new literacies.

Word analysis skillsabbreviations, 2.6: 394a, 394–395, 395a, 395c–395d, 398c, 418c, 422d,

422e–422f, 424c, 425e, 452c, 524d, UR•20compound words, 2.3: 421a, 422, 422a, 422b–422c, 424c, 444c, 444d,

448d, 448e–448f, 450c, 451e, 474c, 512d, UR•30contractions, 2.2: 221a, 222, 222a, 222b–222c, 224c, 240c, 244d,

244e–244f, 246c, 247e, 272c, 306d, 320c, UR•20, 2.6: 398c, 452cendings, comparative/superlative, 2.3: 483a, 484, 484a, 484b–484c, 486c,

508c–508d, 512d, 512e–512f, 516c, 517e, UR•50, 2.4: 26c, 46c, 2.5: 196c, 282d

endings, inflected, 2.1: 117a, 118, 118a, 118b–118c, 120c, 140c–140d, 144d, 144e–144f, 148c, 149e, 156c, 178c, UR•40, 2.2: 212d, 272d, 284c, 2.3: 486c, 512d, 2.5: 196c, 2.6: 362a, 362–363, 363a, 363c–363d, 366c, 382c–382d, 386d, 386e–386f, 390c, 391e, 422c, 492d, UR•10

plurals, 2.2: 281a, 282, 282a, 282b–282c, 284c, 302c–302d, 306d, 306e–306f, 312c, 313e, 340c, UR•40, 2.3: 376d, 2.6: 366c

prefixes, 2.5: 224a, 224–225, 225a, 225c–225d, 228c, 248c–248d, 252d, 252e–252f, 254c, 255e, 282c, 318d, UR•20, 2.6: 498a, 498–499, 499a, 499c–499d, 502c, 520c–520d, 524d, 524e–524f, 528c, 529e, UR•50

root words, 2.4: 90g, 2.5: 192a–193, 196g, 212g, 220–221, 2.6: 492g suffixes, 2.5: 192a, 192–193, 193a, 193c–193d, 196c, 212c, 212d, 216d,

216e–216f, 220c, 221e, 228c, 252c, 282d, UR•10, 2.6: 460a, 460–461, 461a, 461c–461d, 464c, 492d, 492e–492f, 494c, 495e, 502c, 524c

syllabicationsyllables, final -le, 2.4: 22a, 22–23, 23a, 23c–23d, 26c, 42c–42d, 46d,

52c, 53e, 80c, 114d, 126c, UR•10, 2.6: 432csyllable, final, -tion, -ture, -ion, 2.6: 428a, 428–429, 429a,

429c–429d, 432c, 448c–448d, 452d, 452e–452f, 456c, 457e, 464c, 492c, 524d, UR•30

syllable patterns, 2.4: 122a, 122–123, 123a, 123c–123d, 126c, 144c–144d, 148d, 148e–148f, 152c, 153e, 182c, UR•40

See also Spelling, word analysis; Vocabulary skills/strategies.

Word attack skills. See Context clues for meaning, Dictionary/glossary, Phonics/decoding, Vocabulary development, Vocabulary skills/strategies, Word analysis.

Word choice. See Literary terms, Writing traits. Word identification. See Context clues for meaning, Dictionary/

glossary, Vocabulary skills/strategies, Word analysis.Word reading. See Fluency, reading.Words from other languages. See Vocabulary skills/strategies.Word study. See Context clues for meaning, Dictionary/glossary,

Phonics/decoding, Vocabulary development, Vocabulary skills/strategies, Word analysis.

Writing across texts. See Reading and Writing Across Texts.Writing assessment. See Assessment. Writing forms/products

animal fantasy, 2.3: 353d–353e, 371d–371e, 374–375, 375a, 379c–379d, 381h–381i, 2.5: 293c–293d, 313d–313e, 316–317, 317a, 321c–321d, 323h–323i

biography, 2.2: 223d–223e, 239c–239d, 242–243, 243a, 245d–245e, 247h–247i

brief report, 2.1: 119d–119e, 139c–139d, 142–143, 143a, 147c–147d, 149h–149i

compare and contrast essay, 2.3: WP1–WP10compare and contrast text, 2.6: 463c–463d, 487d–487e, 490–491, 491a,

493d–493e, 495h–495idescription, 2.4: WP1–WP10descriptive poem/story, 2.6: 397c–397d, 417d–417e, 420–421, 421a,

423d–423e, 425h–425i

directions, 2.2: WP1–WP10expository nonfiction, 2.1: 57d–57e, 71d–71e, 74–75, 75a, 79c–79d,

81h–81i, 2.2: 253d–253e, 267d–267e, 270–271, 271a, 275c–275d, 277h–277i, 2.4: 59c–59d, 75d–75e, 78–79, 79a, 81d–81e, 83h–83i

expository report, 2.4: 89c–89d, 109d–109e, 112–113, 113a, 117c–117d, 119h–119i

fairy tale, 2.2: 283d–283e, 301d–301e, 304–305, 305a, 311d–311e, 313h–313i

folk tale, 2.2: 319d–319e, 335c–335d, 338–339, 339a, 343c–343d, 345h–345i

humorous fiction, 2.5: 329c–329d, 347c–347d, 350–351, 351a, 355c–355d, 357h–357i

journal, 2.5: 261c–261d, 277d–277e, 280–281, 281a, 285c–285d, 287h–287i

letter, friendly, 2.3: 387d–387e, 405d–405e, 408–409, 409a, 415d–415e, 417h–417i, 2.4: 25c–25d, 41d–41e, 44–45, 45a, 51d–51e, 53h–53i

letter, invitation, 2.6: 431c–431d, 447d–447e, 450–451, 451a, 455c–455d, 457g–457i

letter, persuasive, 2.5: WP1–WP10narrative nonfiction, 2.2: 191d–191e, 207c–207d, 210–211, 211a,

215c–215d, 217h–217i, 2.5: 195c–195d, 211d–211e, 214–215, 215a, 219c–219d, 221h–221i

narrative poem, 2.3: 423d–423e, 443c–443d, 446–447, 447a, 449d–449e, 451h–451i, 2.4: 125c–125d, 143c–143d, 146–147, 147a, 151c–151d, 153h–153i

personal narrative, 2.1: 25d–25e, 43d–43e, 46–47, 47a, 49d–49e, 51h–51i, WP1–WP10

persuasive statement, 2.6: 501c–501d, 519c–519d, 522–523, 523a, 527c–527d, 529h–529i

play scene, 2.1: 155d–155e, 173d–173e, 176–177, 177a, 181c–181d, 183h–183i

realistic fiction, 2.1: 87d–87e, 103c–103d, 106–107, 107a, 111c–111d, 113h–113i, 119d–119e, 139c–139d, 142–143, 143a, 147c–147d, 149h–149i, 2.3: 457d–457e, 469c–469d, 472–473, 473a, 477c–477d, 479h–479i, 2.5: 227c–227d, 247d–247e, 250–251, 251a, 253d–253e, 255h–255i, 2.6: 365c–365d, 381d–381e, 384–385, 385a, 389c–389d, 391h–391i

research report, 2.6: WP1–WP10response log. See Logs, strategy response. response to literature. See Response to literature.review, 2.3: 485d–485e, 507d–507e, 510–511, 511a, 515c–55d, 517h–517ithank you note, 2.4: 159c–159d, 177c–177d, 180–181, 181a, 185c–185d,

187h–187iSee also Independent Practice Stations.

Writing, for tests. See Tests, writing for.Writing modes

argument/persuasive, 2.4: 25c–25d, 41d–41e, 44–45, 45a, 51d–51e, 53h–53i, WP1–WP10, 2.5: WP1–WP10, 2.6: 501c–501d, 519c–519d, 522–523, 523a, 527c–527d, 529h–529i

descriptive, 2.4: WP1–WP10, 2.6: 397c–397d, 417d–417e, 420–421, 421a, 423d–423e, 425h–425i

expository, 2.1: 57d–57e, 71d–71e, 74–75, 75a, 79c–79d, 81h–81i, 119d–119e, 139c–139d, 142–143, 143a, 147c–147d, 149h–149i, 2.2: 223d–223e, 239c–239d, 242–243, 243a, 245d–245e, 247h–247i, 253d–253e, 267d–267e, 270–271, 271a, 275c–275d, 277h–277i, WP1–WP10, 2.3: 387d–387e, 405d–405e, 408–409, 409a, 415d–415e, 417h–417i, 485d–485e, 507d–507e, 510–511, 511a, 515c–55d, 517h–517i, WP1–WP10, 2.4: 25c–25d, 41d–41e, 44–45, 45a, 51d–51e, 53h–53i, 59c–59d, 75d–75e, 78–79, 79a, 81d–81e, 83h–83i, 89c–89d, 109d–109e, 112–113, 113a, 117c–117d, 119h–119i, 159c–159d, 177c–177d, 180–181, 181a, 185c–185d, 187h–187i, 2.6: 431c–431d, 447d–447e, 450–451, 451a, 455c–455d, 457g–457i, 463c–463d, 487d–487e, 490–491, 491a, 493d–493e, 495h–495i, WP1–WP10

expressive, 2.1: 87d–87e, 103c–103d, 106–107, 107a, 111c–111d, 113h–113i, 119d–119e, 139c–139d, 142–143, 143a, 147c–147d,

38


149h–149i, 155d–155e, 173d–173e, 176–177, 177a, 181c–181d, 183h–183i, 2.2: 283d–283e, 301d–301e, 304–305, 305a, 311d–311e, 313h–313i, 319d–319e, 335c–335d, 338–339, 339a, 343c–343d, 345h–345i, 2.3: 353d–353e, 371d–371e, 374–375, 375a, 379c–379d, 381h–381i, 387d–387e, 405d–405e, 408–409, 409a, 415d–415e, 417h–417i, 423d–423e, 443c–443d, 446–447, 447a, 449d–449e, 451h–451i, 457d–457e, 469c–469d, 472–473, 473a, 477c–477d, 479h–479i, 2.4: 125c–125d, 143c–143d, 146–147, 147a, 151c–151d, 153h–153i, 2.5: 227c–227d, 247d–247e, 250–251, 251a, 253d–253e, 255h–255i, 293c–293d, 313d–313e, 316–317, 317a, 321c–321d, 323h–323i, 329c–329d, 347c–347d, 350–351, 351a, 355c–355d, 357h–357i, 2.6: 365c–365d, 381d–381e, 384–385, 385a, 389c–389d, 391h–391i, 397c–397d, 417d–417e, 420–421, 421a, 423d–423e, 425h–425i

narrative, 2.1: 25d–25e, 43d–43e, 46–47, 47a, 49d–49e, 51h–51i, 87d–87e, 103c–103d, 106–107, 107a, 111c–111d, 113h–113i, 155d–155e, 173d–173e, 176–177, 177a, 181c–181d, 183h–183i, WP1–WP10, 2.2: 191d–191e, 207c–207d, 210–211, 211a, 215c–215d, 217h–217i, 283d–283e, 301d–301e, 304–305, 305a, 311d–311e, 313h–313i, 319d–319e, 335c–335d, 338–339, 339a, 343c–343d, 345h–345i, 2.3: 353d–353e, 371d–371e, 374–375, 375a, 379c–379d, 381h–381i, 423d–423e, 443c–443d, 446–447, 447a, 449d–449e, 451h–451i, 457d–457e, 469c–469d, 472–473, 473a, 477c–477d, 479h–479i, 2.4: 125c–125d, 143c–143d, 146–147, 147a, 151c–151d, 153h–153i, 2.5: 195c–195d, 211d–211e, 214–215, 215a, 219c–219d, 221h–221i, 227c–227d, 247d–247e, 250–251, 251a, 253d–253e, 255h–255i, 261c–261d, 277d–277e, 280–281, 281a, 285c–285d, 287h–287i, 293c–293d, 313d–313e, 316–317, 317a, 321c–321d, 323h–323i, 329c–329d, 347c–347d, 350–351, 351a, 355c–355d, 357h–357i, 2.6: 365c–365d, 381d–381e, 384–385, 385a, 389c–389d, 391h–391i

Writing process assess/scoring guide (rubric), 2.1: 46–47, 74–75, 106–107, 142–143,

176–177, 2.2: 210–211, 242–243, 270–271, 304–305, 338–339, 2.3: 374–375, 408–409, 446–447, 472–473, 510–511, 2.4: 44–45, 78–79, 112–113, 146–147, 180–181, 2.5: 214–215, 250–251, 280–281, 316–317, 350–351, 2.6: 384–385, 420–421, 450–451, 490–491, 522–523

draft, 2.1: 47a, 75a, 107a, 143a, 177a, WP5–WP6, 2.2: 211a, 243a, 271a, 305a, 339a, WP5–WP6, 2.3: 375a, 409a, 447a, 473a, 511a, WP5–WP6, 2.4: 45a, 79a, 113a, 147a, 181a, WP5–WP6, 2.5: 215a, 251a, 281a, 317a, 351a, WP5–WP6, 2.6: 385a, 421a, 451a, 491a, 523a, WP5–WP6

prewriting/planning, 2.1: 43d–43e, 71d–71e, 103c–103d, 139c–139d, 173d–173e, WP2–WP4, 2.2: 207c–207d, 239c–239d, 267d–267e, 301d–301e, 335c–335d, WP2–WP4, 2.3: 371d–371e, 405d–405e, 443c–443d, 469c–469d, 507d–507e, WP2–WP4, 2.4: 41d–41e, 75d–75e, 109d–109e, 143c–143d, 177c–177d, WP2–WP4,

2.5: 211d–211e, 247d–247e, 277d–277e, 313d–313e, 347c–347d, WP2–WP4, 2.6: 381d–381e, 417d–417e, 447d–447e, 487d–487e, 519c–519d, WP2–WP4

proofread/edit, 2.1: 51h–51i, 81h–81i, 113h–113i, 149h–149i, 183h–183i, WP9, 2.2: 217h–217i, 247h–247i, 277h–277i, 313h–313i, 345h–345i, WP9, 2.3: 381h–381i, 417h–417i, 451h–451i, 479h–479i, 517h–517i, WP9, 2.4: 53h–53i, 83h–83i, 119h–119i, 153h–153i, 187h–187i, WP9, 2.5: 221h–221i, 255h–255i, 287h–287i, 323h–323i, 357h–357i, WP9, 2.6: 391h–391i, 425h–425i, 457h–457i, 495h–495i, 529h–529i, WP9

publishing/presenting, 2.1: 51i, 81i, 113i, 149i, 183i, WP10, 2.2: 217i, 247i, 277i, 313i, 345i, WP10, 2.3: 381i, 417i, 451i, 479i, 517i, WP10, 2.4: 53i, 83i, 119i, 153i, 187i, WP10, 2.5: 221i, 255i, 287i, 323i, 357i, WP10, 2.6: 391i, 425i, 457i, 495i, 529i, WP10

revise, 2.1: 49d–49e, 79c–79d, 111c–111d, 147c–147d, 181c–181d, WP7–WP8, 2.2: 215c–215d, 245d–245e, 275c–275d, 311d–311e, 343c–343d, WP7–WP8, 2.3: 379c–379d, 415d–415e, 449d–449e, 477c–477d, 515c–515d, WP7–WP8, 2.4: 51d–51e, 81d–81e, 117c–117d, 151c–151d, 185c–185d, WP7–WP8, 2.5: 219c–219d, 253d–253e, 285c–285d, 321c–321d, 355c–355d, WP7–WP8, 2.6: 389c–389d, 423d–423e, 455c–455d, 493d–493e, 527c–527d, WP7–WP8adding, 2.1: 113h, 147c, 2.2: 215c, 311d, 2.3: 515c, 2.4: 51d, 83h,

151c, 2.5: 219c, 253d, 285c, 2.6: 389cchanging sentences, 2.1: 79ccombining sentences, 2.4: 117c, 2.5: 357h, 2.6: 529hdeleting, 2.1: 49d, 181c, 2.2: 245d, 2.3: 379c, 415d, 449d, 2.4: 185c,

2.5: 321c, 2.6: 455c, 493dpeer conferencing, 2.1: 49d, 79c, 147c, 181c, 2.2: 215c, 245d, 311d,

343c, 2.3: 379c, 415d, 449d, 515c, 2.4: 51d, 117c, 151c, 185c, 2.5: 219c, 253d, 285c, 321c, 2.6: 389c, 423d, 455c, 493d

rearranging words, 2.6: 423dvarying sentences, 2.2: 343c

Writing traits conventions, 2.1: 177a, 183h–183i, 2.3: 443c–443d, 451h–451i,

2.5: 323h–323ifocus/ideas, 2.2: 239c–239d, 2.3: 405d, 2.4: 177c–177d, 2.6: 487dorganization, 2.1: 107a, 2.2: 301d–301e, 2.3: 507d–507e, 2.4: 45a,

2.5: 251a, 2.6: 381d–381esentences, 2.1: 47a, 75a, 81h, 2.2: 339a, 2.4: 113a, 2.5: 351a,

2.6: 447d–447evoice, 2.2: 211a, 2.3: 371d–371e, 2.4: 147a, 2.5: 281a, 2.6: 417d–417eword choice, 2.1: 139c, 2.2: 271a, 2.3: 473a, 2.4: 79a, 2.5: 215a,

2.6: 523a, 527c–527d

Writing, with technology, 2.1: WP9, 2.2: 247j, 311d–311e, WP9, 2.3: 417h–417i, 507g, 511b, WP9, 2.4: 143f, 148h, 148–151, 187h–187i, WP9, 2.5: 215b, 277g, 347f, 351b, WP9, 2.6: 391h–391i, 457h–457i, WP9. See also Media literacy; Technology, new literacies.

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