scott foresman science - pearson

A Correlation of

Chapter Books

to the

Michigan Science Grade Level Content Expectations

Grades K-6

G/S-137

Introduction This document demonstrates how the Scott Foresman Science Chapter Books meet objectives of the Michigan Science Grade Level Content Expectations. Correlation page references are to the Teacher’s Edition and are cited by Chapter Book title. Lessons in the Teacher’s Edition contain facsimile Student Edition and ancillary pages. Pearson is proud to introduce our Scott Foresman Science, Kindergarten through Grade Six. Extensive research and analysis is the foundation for Scott Foresman Science and guides the instructional design.

Scaffolded Inquiry™ Scott Foresman Science is built on three levels of inquiry: Directed Inquiry, Guided Inquiry, and Full Inquiry. All three levels engage students in activities that build a strong science foundation and help them develop a full understanding of the inquiry process. How to Read Science Powerful connections between reading skills and science process skills in every chapter advance science literacy for all students. Differentiated Instruction Leveled Readers for every Student Edition chapter teach the same science concepts, vocabulary, and reading skills — at each student’s reading level. Time-Saving Strategies Time-saving strategies are built right into the Teacher’s Edition that will save the teacher hours of time in lesson preparation.

• Quick Teaching Plans cover the standards even when class time is short. • Everything needed for each activity comes in its own chapter bag. With the

Activity Placemat and Tray™, activity setup takes only 30 seconds. • Pre-made Bilingual Bulletin Board Kits save time by creating attractive bulletin

boards quickly and easily. Technology Scott Foresman Science brings teaching and learning together in one convenient spot—the computer. From sfsuccessnet.com to educational CDs and DVDs, this program provides a variety of interactive tools to help support, extend, and enrich classroom instruction.

The Online Teacher’s Edition provides access to the same printed content, so the teacher can plan lessons with the customizable Lesson Planner from home or school computers. The Online Student Edition allows students, teachers, and parents to access the content of the textbook from computers at school or at home.

Table of Contents

Kindergarten _________________________________________________________1

Grade One ___________________________________________________________8

Grade Two __________________________________________________________16

Grade Three _________________________________________________________24

Grade Four __________________________________________________________36

Grade Five __________________________________________________________48

Grade Six ___________________________________________________________60

Scott Foresman Science Chapter Books to the


Kindergarten SCIENCE PROCESSES Inquiry Process K-7 Standard S.IP: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and reasoning involves observing, questioning, investigating, recording, and developing solutions to problems S.IP.E.1 Inquiry involves generating questions, conducting investigations, and developing solutions to problems through reasoning and observation.

S.IP.00.11 Make purposeful observation of the natural world using the appropriate senses. Scott Foresman Science Needs of Plants and Animals: 8-9, 24-25 Growing and Changing: 30-31, 44-45 Plants and Animals All Around: 50-51, 64-65, 72-73 Our Land, Water, and Air: 82-82, 98-99 Weather and Seasons: 120-121, 128-129 Matter: 138-139, 154-155 Heat and Light: 160-161, 172-173 How Things Move: 178-179, 194-195, 202-203 Day and Night: 212-213, 224-225 How Things Work: 230-231, 244-245, 252-253 S.IP.00.12 Generate questions based on observations. Scott Foresman Science Needs of Plants and Animals: 8-9, 24-25 Growing and Changing: 30-31, 44-45 Plants and Animals All Around: 50-51, 64-65, 72-73 Our Land, Water, and Air: 82-82, 98-99 Weather and Seasons: 120-121, 128-129 Matter: 138-139, 154-155 Heat and Light: 160-161, 172-173 How Things Move: 178-179, 194-195, 202-203 Day and Night: 212-213, 224-225 How Things Work: 230-231, 244-245, 252-253

1 Kindergarten

Scott Foresman Science—The Diamond Edition Michigan Science Grade Level Content Expectations

S.IP.00.13 Plan and conduct simple investigations. Scott Foresman Science Needs of Plants and Animals: 8-9, 24-25 Growing and Changing: 30-31, 44-45 Plants and Animals All Around: 50-51, 64-65, 72-73 Our Land, Water, and Air: 82-82, 98-99 Weather and Seasons: 120-121, 128-129 Matter: 138-139, 154-155 Heat and Light: 160-161, 172-173 How Things Move: 178-179, 194-195, 202-203 Day and Night: 212-213, 224-225 How Things Work: 230-231, 244-245, 252-253 S.IP.00.14 Manipulate simple tools (for example: hand lens, pencils, balances, non-standard objects for measurement) that aid observation and data collection. Scott Foresman Science Our Land, Water, and Air: 82-83 Weather and Seasons: 120-121 How Things Move: 194-195 How Things Work: 252-253 S.IP.00.15 Make accurate measurements with appropriate (non-standard) units for the measurement tool. Scott Foresman Science Our Land, Water, and Air: 82-83 Weather and Seasons: 120-121 How Things Move: 194-195 How Things Work: 252-253 S.IP.00.16 Construct simple charts from data and observations. Scott Foresman Science Needs of Plants and Animals: 24-25 Growing and Changing: 44-45 Plants and Animals All Around: 64-65, 72-73 Our Land, Water, and Air: 98-99 Weather and Seasons: 128-129 Matter: 154-155 Heat and Light: 172-173 How Things Move: 194-195, 224-225

Inquiry Analysis and Communication K-7 Standard S.IA: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and investigations require analysis and communication of findings, using appropriate technology.

2 Kindergarten


S.IA.E.1 Inquiry includes an analysis and presentation of findings that lead to future questions, research, and investigations.

S.IA.00.12 Share ideas about science through purposeful conversation. Scott Foresman Science Needs of Plants and Animals: 8-9, 10-11 Growing and Changing: 30-31, 32-33 Day and Night: 224-225 S.IA.00.13 Communicate and present findings of observations. Scott Foresman Science Needs of Plants and Animals: 8-9, 24-25 Growing and Changing: 30-31, 44-45 Plants and Animals All Around: 50-51, 64-65, 72-73 Our Land, Water, and Air: 82-83, 98-99 Weather and Seasons: 120-121, 128-129 Matter: 138-139, 154-155 Heat and Light: 160-161, 172-173 How Things Move: 178-179, 194-195, 202-203 Day and Night: 212-213, 224-225 How Things Work: 230-231, 244-245, 252-253 S.IA.00.14 Develop strategies for information gathering (ask an expert, use a book, make observations, conduct simple investigations, and watch a video). Scott Foresman Science Science Songs: Needs of Plants and Animals: 4-5 Growing and Changing: 26-27 Plants and Animals All Around: 46-47 Our Land, Water, and Air: 78-79 Weather and Seasons: 100-101 Matter: 134-135 Heat and Light: 156-157 How Things Move: 174-175 Day and Night: 208-209 How Things Work: 226-227 Trade Book Library: A2, B2, C2, D2 Investigations: Needs of Plants and Animals: 8-9, 24-25 Growing and Changing: 30-31, 44-45 Plants and Animals All Around: 50-51, 64-65, 72-73 Our Land Water and Air: 82-82, 98-99 Weather and Seasons: 120-121, 128-129 Matter: 138-139, 154-155 Heat and Light: 160-161, 172-173

3 Kindergarten


How Things Move: 178-179, 194-195, 202-203 Day and Night: 212-213, 224-225 How Things Work: 230-231, 244-245, 252-253

Reflection and Social Implications K-7 Standard S.RS: Develop an understanding that claims and evidence for their scientific merit should be analyzed. Understand how scientists decide what constitutes scientific knowledge. Develop an understanding of the importance of reflection on scientific knowledge and its application to new situations to better understand the role of science in society and technology. S.RS.E.1 Reflecting on knowledge is the application of scientific knowledge to new and different situations. Reflecting on knowledge requires careful analysis of evidence that guides decision making and the application of science throughout history and within society.

S.RS.00.11 Demonstrate scientific concepts through various illustrations, performances, models, exhibits, and activities. Scott Foresman Science Art in Science: Needs of Plants and Animals: 5b Growing and Changing: 27b, 29 Plants and Animals All Around: 47b, 49, Our Land, Water, and Air: 79a Weather and Seasons: 101a, 107, Matter: 135b, 137 Heat and Light: 157a, 159 How Things Move: 175 Day and Night: 209b, 225a How Things Work: 227b, 245b

PHYSICAL SCIENCE Force and Motion K-7 Standard P.FM: Develop an understanding that the position and/or motion of an object is relative to a point of reference. Understand forces affect the motion and speed of an object and that the net force on an object is the total of all of the forces acting on it. Understand the Earth pulls down on objects with a force called gravity. Develop an understanding that some forces are in direct contact with objects, while other forces are not in direct contact with objects.

4 Kindergarten


P.FM.E.1 Position- A position of an object can be described by locating the object relative to other objects or a background. The description of the motion of an object from one observer’s view may be different from that reported from a different observer’s view.

P.FM.00.11 Compare the position of an object (for example: above, below, in front of, behind, on) in relation to other objects around it. Scott Foresman Science How Things Move: 178-181, 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189 P.FM.00.12 Describe the motion of an object (for example: away from or closer to) from different observers’ views. Scott Foresman Science How Things Move: 178-181, 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189 P.FM.E.2 Gravity- Earth pulls down on all objects with a force called gravity. With very few exceptions, objects fall to the ground no matter where the object is on the Earth. Scott Foresman Science Can be developed from: How Things Move: 178-181, 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189 P.FM.00.21 Observe how objects fall toward the earth. Scott Foresman Science How Things Move: 178-181, 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189

5 Kindergarten


P.FM.E.3 Force- A force is either a push or a pull. The motion of objects can be changed by forces. The size of the change is related to the size of the force. The change is also related to the weight (mass) of the object on which the force is being exerted. When an object does not move in response to a force, it is because another force is being applied by the environment.

P.FM.00.31 Demonstrate pushes and pulls. Scott Foresman Science How Things Move: 178-181, 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189 P.FM.00.32 Observe that objects initially at rest will move in the direction of the push or pull. Scott Foresman Science How Things Move: 178-181, 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189 P.FM.00.33 Observe how pushes and pulls can change the speed or direction of moving objects. Scott Foresman Science How Things Move: 178-181, 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189 P.FM.00.34 Observe how shape (for example: cone, cylinder, sphere), size, and weight of an object can affect motion. Scott Foresman Science How Things Move: 178-181, 182-183, 184-185, 186-187, 188-189

LIFE SCIENCE Organization of Living Things K-7 Standard L.OL: Develop an understanding that plants and animals (including humans) have basic requirements for maintaining life which include the need for air, water and a source of energy. Understand that all life forms can be classified as producers, consumers, or decomposers as they are all part of a global food chain where food/energy is supplied by plants which need light to produce food/ energy. Develop an understanding that plants and animals can be classified by observable traits and physical characteristics. Understand that all living organisms are composed of cells and they exhibit cell growth and division. Understand that all plants and animals have a definite life cycle, body parts, and systems to perform specific life functions.

6 Kindergarten


7 Kindergarten

L.OL.E.1 Life Requirements- Organisms have basic needs. Animals and plants need air, water, and food. Plants also require light. Plants and animals use food as a source of energy and as a source of building material for growth and repair.

L.OL.00.11 Identify that living things have basic needs. Scott Foresman Science Needs of Plants and Animals: 16-17, 18-19, 20-21, 22-23 L.OL.00.12 Identify and compare living and nonliving things. Scott Foresman Science Needs of Plants and Animals: 8-11, 12-13, 14-15

EARTH SCIENCE Solid Earth K-7 Standard E.SE: Develop an understanding of the properties of earth materials and how those properties make materials useful. Understand gradual and rapid changes in earth materials and features of the surface of Earth. Understand magnetic properties of Earth. E.SE.E.1 Earth Materials- Earth materials that occur in nature include rocks, minerals, soils, water, and the gases of the atmosphere. Some Earth materials have properties which sustain plant and animal life.

E.SE.00.11 Identify Earth materials (air, water, soil) that are used to grow plants. Scott Foresman Science Our Land, Water, and Air: 82-85, 86-87, 88-89, 90-91, 92-93, 94-95



Grade One

SCIENCE PROCESSES Inquiry Process K-7 Standard S.IP: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and reasoning involves observing, questioning, investigating, recording, and developing solutions to problems. S.IP.E.1 Inquiry involves generating questions, conducting investigations, and developing solutions to problems through reasoning and observation.

S.IP.01.11 Make purposeful observation of the natural world using the appropriate senses. Scott Foresman Science Living and Nonliving: 4, 18-19, 23 Habitats: 28-29, 45 How Plants and Animals Live: 74-75 Life Cycles: 84 Land, Water, and Air: 168 Weather: 180, 186 Movement and Sound: 244 Learning About Energy: 299 Day and Night Sky: 329 S.IP.01.12 Generate questions based on observations. Scott Foresman Science Living and Nonliving: 4, 18-19, 23 Habitats: 28-29, 45 How Plants and Animals Live: 74-75 Life Cycles: 84 Land, Water, and Air: 168 Weather: 180, 186 Movement and Sound: 244 Learning About Energy: 299 Day and Night Sky: 329 S.IP.01.13 Plan and conduct simple investigations. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Living and Nonliving: 4, 18-19 Habitats: 28, 40-41

8 Grade One


How Plants and Animals Live: 52, 74-75 Life Cycles: 84, 106-107 Food Chains: 116, 130-131 S.IP.01.14 Manipulate simple tools (for example: hand lens, pencils, rulers, thermometers, rain gauges, balances, non-standard objects for measurement) that aid observation and data collection. Scott Foresman Science Living and Nonliving: 18-19 How Plants and Animals Live: 52 Life Cycles: 84 Land, Air, and Water: 140-141, 168-169 Weather: 194-195, 204-204 Learning About energy: 276, 308-309 Science in Our World: 372-373 S.IP.01.15 Make accurate measurements with appropriate (non-standard) units for the measurement tool. Scott Foresman Science Living and Nonliving: 18-19 How Plants and Animals Live: 52 Life Cycles: 84 Land, Air, and Water: 140-141, 168-169 Weather: 194-195, 204-204 Learning About energy: 276, 308-309 Science in Our World: 372-373 S.IP.01.16 Construct simple charts from data and observations. Scott Foresman Science Living and Nonliving: 20-21 Habitats: 42-43 How Plants and Animals Live: 76-77 Life Cycles: 108-109 Food Chains: 132-133 Land, Air, and Water: 170-171 Weather: 196-197 Observing Matter: 234-235 Movement and Sound: 268-269 Learning About energy: 300-301

9 Grade One


Inquiry Analysis and Communication K-7 Standard S.IA: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and investigations require analysis and communication of findings, using appropriate technology. S.IA.E.1 Inquiry includes an analysis and presentation of findings that lead to future questions, research, and investigations.

S.IA.01.12 Share ideas about science through purposeful conversation. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Living and Nonliving: 4, 18-19 Habitats: 28, 40-41 How Plants and Animals Live: 52, 74-75 Life Cycles: 84, 106-107 Food Chains: 116, 130-131 S.IA.01.13 Communicate and present findings of observations. Scott Foresman Science Living and Nonliving: 4, 18-19, 23 Habitats: 28-29, 45 How Plants and Animals Live: 74-75 Life Cycles: 84 Land, Air, and Water: 168 Weather: 180, 186 Movement and Sound: 244 Learning About energy: 299 Day and Night Sky: 329 S.IA.01.14 Develop strategies for information gathering (ask an expert, use a book, make observations, conduct simple investigations, and watch a video).’ Scott Foresman Science Science Songs: Living and nonliving: 6 Habitats: 31 How Plants and Animals Live: 54 Life Cycles: 86, Food Chains: 118, Land, Air, and Water: 150 Weather: 183, 178 Observing Matter: 214 Movement and Sound: 246 Day and Night Sky: 318 Science in Our World: 342 Trade Book Library: A2, B2, C2, D2 Representative Investigations:

10 Grade One


Observing Matter: 212, 232-233 Movement and Sound: 244, 266-267 Learning About Energy: 276, 298-299, 308-309 Day and Night Sky: 316, 328-329 Science in Our World: 340

Reflection and Social Implications K-7 Standard S.RS: Develop an understanding that claims and evidence for their scientific merit should be analyzed. Understand how scientists decide what constitutes scientific knowledge. Develop an understanding of the importance of reflection on scientific knowledge and its application to new situations to better understand the role of science in society and technology. S.RS.E.1 Reflecting on knowledge is the application of scientific knowledge to new and different situations. Reflecting on knowledge requires careful analysis of evidence that guides decision-making and the application of science throughout history.

S.RS.01.11 Demonstrate scientific concepts through various illustrations, performances, models, exhibits, and activities. Scott Foresman Science Making Models: Food Chains: 130-131 Land, Water, and Air: 148 Day and Night Sky: 328-329 Science in Our World: 362-363, 372-373 Art in Science: How Plants and Animals Live: 67, 73 Life Cycles: 95, 105 Land, Water, and Air: 157, 167 Observing Matter: 216 Movement and Sound: 253 Learning About Energy: 287, 295 Day and Night Sky: 335 S.RS.01.12 Recognize that science investigations are done more than one time. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Land, Air, and Water: 148, 168-169 Weather: 180, 194-195, 204-205 Observing Matter: 212, 232-233 Movement and Sound: 266-267 Learning About energy: 276, 298-299

11 Grade One


PHYSICAL SCIENCE Properties of Matter K-7 Standard P.PM: Develop an understanding that all matter has observable attributes with physical and chemical properties that are described, measured, and compared. Understand that states of matter exist as solid, liquid, or gas; and have physical and chemical properties. Understand all matter is composed of combinations of elements, which are organized by common attributes and characteristics on the Periodic Table. Understand that substances can be classified as mixtures or compounds and according to their physical and chemical properties. P.PM.E.1 Physical Properties- All objects and substances have physical properties that can be measured.

P.PM.01.11 Demonstrate the ability to sort objects according to observable attributes such as color, shape, size, sinking or floating. Scott Foresman Science Observing Matter: 212, 215-217, 218-221, 222-225, 226-229

P.PM.E.2 States of Matter- Matter exists in several different states: solids, liquids and gases. Each state of matter has unique physical properties. Gases are easily compressed but liquids and solids do not compress easily. Solids have their own particular shapes, but liquids and gases take the shape of the container.

P.PM.01.21 Demonstrate that water as a solid keeps its own shape (ice). Scott Foresman Science Observing Matter: 226-229 P.PM.01.22 Demonstrate that water as a liquid takes on the shape of various containers. Scott Foresman Science Observing Matter: 226-229

P.PM.E.3 Magnets- Magnets can repel or attract other magnets. Magnets can also attract certain non-magnetic objects at a distance.

P.PM.01.31 Identify materials that are attracted by magnets. Scott Foresman Science Observing Matter: 256-259 P.PM.01.32 Observe that like poles of a magnet repel and unlike poles of a magnet attract. Scott Foresman Science Observing Matter: 256-259

12 Grade One


LIFE SCIENCE Organization of Living Things K-7 Standard L.OL: Develop an understanding that plants and animals (including humans) have basic requirements for maintaining life which include the need for air, water and a source of energy. Understand that all life forms can be classified as producers, consumers, or decomposers as they are all part of a global food chain where food/energy is supplied by plants which need light to produce food/energy. Develop an understanding that plants and animals can be classified by observable traits and physical characteristics. Understand that all living organisms are composed of cells and they exhibit cell growth and division. Understand that all plants and animals have a definite life cycle, body parts, and systems to perform specific life functions. L.OL.E.1 Life Requirements- Organisms have basic needs. Animals and plants need air, water, and food. Plants also require light. Plants and animals use food as a source of energy and as a source of building material for growth and repair.

L.OL.01.13 Identify the needs of animals. Scott Foresman Science Living and Nonliving: 12-13, 18-19 How Plants and Animals Live: 54-57, 58-61, 62-67

L.OL.E.2 Life Cycles- Plants and animals have life cycles. Both plants and animals begin life and develop into adults, reproduce, and eventually die. The details of this life cycle are different for different organisms.

L.OL.01.21 Describe the life cycle of animals including the following stages: egg, young, adult; egg, larva, pupa, adult. Scott Foresman Science Life Cycles: 84-85, 86-91, 92-93, 94-97, 98-99, 100-103, 104-105, 106-107

Heredity K-7 Standard L.HE: Develop an understanding that all life forms must reproduce to survive. Understand that characteristics of mature plants and animals may be inherited or acquired and that only inherited traits are passed on to their young. Understand that inherited traits can be influenced by changes in the environment and by genetics. L.HE.E.1 Observable Characteristics- Plants and animals share many, but not all, characteristics of their parents.

L.HE.01.11 Identify characteristics (for example: body coverings, beak shape, number of legs, body parts) that are passed on from parents to young. Scott Foresman Science Can be developed from: Life Cycles: 84-85, 86-91, 92-93, 94-97, 98-99, 100-103, 104-105, 106-107

13 Grade One


L.HE.01.12 Classify young animals based on characteristics that are passed on from parents (for example: dogs/puppies, cats/kittens, cows/calves, chicken/chicks). Scott Foresman Science Can be developed from: Life Cycles: 84-85, 86-91, 92-93, 94-97, 98-99, 100-103, 104-105,106-107

EARTH SCIENCE Earth Systems K-7 Standard E.ES: Develop an understanding of the warming of the Earth by the sun as the major source of energy for phenomenon on Earth and how the sun’s warming relates to weather, climate, seasons, and the water cycle. Understand how human interaction and use of natural resources affects the environment. E.ES.E.1 Solar Energy- The sun warms the land, air and water and helps plants grow.

E.ES.01.11 Identify the sun as the most important source of heat which warms the land, air, and water of the Earth. Scott Foresman Science Weather: 182-185, 186-187, 188-191, 192-193, 194-195, 204-205 E.ES.01.12 Demonstrate the importance of sunlight and warmth in plant growth. Scott Foresman Science Living and Nonliving: 10-11 How Plants and Animals Live: 68-71

E.ES.E.2 Weather- Weather changes from day to day and over the seasons. E.ES.01.21 Compare daily changes in the weather related to temperature (cold, hot, warm, cool); cloud cover (cloudy, partly cloudy, foggy) precipitation (rain, snow, hail, freezing rain); wind (breezy, windy, calm). Scott Foresman Science Weather: 182-185, 186-187, 188-191, 192-193, 194-195, 204-205 E.ES.01.22 Describe and compare weather related to the four seasons in terms of temperature, cloud cover, precipitation, and wind. Scott Foresman Science Weather: 192-193 E.ES.01.23 Describe severe weather events. Scott Foresman Science Weather: 182-185, 186-187, 188-191, 192-193, 194-195, 204-205

14 Grade One


15 Grade One

E.ES.01.24 Describe precautions that should be taken for human safety during severe weather conditions (thunderstorms, lightning, tornadoes, high winds, blizzards, hurricanes). Scott Foresman Science Weather: 182-185, 186-187, 188-191, 192-193, 194-195, 204-205

E.ES.E.3 Weather Measurement- Scientists use tools for observing, recording, and predicting weather changes.

E.ES.01.31 Identify the tools that might be used to measure temperature, precipitation, cloud cover and wind. Scott Foresman Science Weather: 182-185 E.ES.01.32 Observe and collect data of weather conditions over a period of time. Scott Foresman Science Weather: 180, 194-195, 204-205

Solid Earth K-7 Standard E.SE: Develop an understanding of the properties of earth materials and how those properties make materials useful. Understand gradual and rapid changes in earth materials and features of the surface of Earth. Understand magnetic properties of Earth. E.SE.E.1 Earth Materials- Earth materials that occur in nature include rocks, minerals, soils, water, and the gases of the atmosphere. Some Earth materials have properties which sustain plant and animal life.

E.SE.01.12 Describe how Earth materials contribute to the growth of plant and animal life. Scott Foresman Science Land, Air, and Water: 150-153, 154-157



Grade Two


S.IP.02.11 Make purposeful observation of the natural world using the appropriate senses. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: All About Plants: 4, 26-27 All About Animals: 36, 56-57 How Plants and Animals Live Together: 68, 90-91 How Living Things Grow and Change: 100, 122-123, 132-133, 140 S.IP.02.12 Generate questions based on observations. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 160-161 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 172, 194-195 Fossils and Dinosaurs: 204, 218-219, 228-229 Properties of Matter: 236, 256-257 Energy: 268, 290-291 S.IP.02.13 Plan and conduct simple investigations. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Fossils and Dinosaurs: 228-229 Properties of Matter: 236, 256-257 Energy: 268, 290-291 Forces and Motion: 300, 322-323 Sound: 332, 346-347, 356-357 S.IP.02.14 Manipulate simple tools (ruler, meter stick, measuring cups, hand lens, thermometer, balance) that aid observation and data collection. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 140

16 Grade Two


Properties of Matter: 256-257 Forces and Motion: 322-323 Sound: 332 Technology in Our World: 396, 420-421 S.IP.02.15 Make accurate measurements with appropriate units (meter, centimeter) for the measurement tool. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 140 Properties of Matter: 256-257 Forces and Motion: 322-323 Sound: 332 Technology in Our World: 396, 420-421 S.IP.02.16 Construct simple charts and graphs from data and observations. Scott Foresman Science All About Animals: 58-59 How Living Things Grow and Change: 100 Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 163 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 177 Fossils and Dinosaurs: 220-221 Sound: 348-349 Earth and Space: 386-387


S.IA.02.12 Share ideas about science through purposeful conversation. Scott Foresman Science All About Animals: 56-57, 61 Fossils and Dinosaurs: 204-205, 223 Forces and Motion: 300-301, 327 Earth and Space: 389 Technology in Our World: 396, 397- 411 S.IA.02.13 Communicate and present findings of observations. Scott Foresman Science All About Animals: 56-57, 61 Fossils and Dinosaurs: 204-205, 223 Forces and Motion: 300-301, 327

17 Grade Two


Earth and Space: 389 Technology in Our World: 396, 397- 411 S.IA.02.14 Develop strategies and skills for information gathering and problem solving (books, internet, ask an expert, observation, investigation, technology tools). Scott Foresman Science Science Songs: All About Plants: 6 All About Animals: 38 How Plants and Animals Live Together: 70 How Living Things Grow and Change: 102 Earth’s Land, Air, and Water: 142 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 174 Fossils and Dinosaurs: 206 Properties of Matter: 238 Energy: 270 Forces and Motion: 302 Sound: 334 Earth and Space: 366 Technology in Our World: 398 Trade Book Library: A2, B2, C2, D2 Representative investigations: Fossils and Dinosaurs: 228-229 Properties of Matter: 236, 256-257 Energy: 268, 290-291 Forces and Motion: 300, 322-323 Sound: 332, 346-347, 356-357

Reflection and Social Implications K-7 Standard S.RS: Develop an understanding that claims and evidence for their scientific merit should be analyzed. Understand how scientists decide what constitutes scientific knowledge. Develop an understanding of the importance of reflection on scientific knowledge and its application to new situations to better understand the role of science in society and technology. S.RS.E.1 Reflecting on knowledge is the application of scientific knowledge to new and different situations. Reflecting on knowledge requires careful analysis of evidence that guides decision-making and the application of science throughout history and within society.

18 Grade Two


S.RS.02.11 Demonstrate scientific concepts through various illustrations, performances, models, exhibits, and activities. Scott Foresman Science Art Link: All About Animals: 47 Fossils and Dinosaurs: 215 Properties of Matter: 249 Energy: 273 Earth and Space: 371, 373 Make a Model: All About Animals: 36-37 How Plants and Animals Live Together: 90-91 How Living Things Grow and Change: 132 Fossils and Dinosaurs: 218-219 Earth and Space: 364-365, 384 S.RS.02.13 Recognize that when a science investigation is done the way it was done before, similar results are expected. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: All About Plants: 4, 26-27 All About Animals: 36, 56-57 How Plants and Animals Live Together: 68, 90-91 How Living Things Grow and Change: 100, 122-123, 132-133 Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 140 S.RS.02.15 Use evidence when communicating scientific ideas. Scott Foresman Science All About Animals: 56-57, 61 Fossils and Dinosaurs: 204-205, 223 Forces and Motion: 300-301, 327 Earth and Space: 389 Technology in Our World: 396-397, 411 S.RS.02.16 Identify technology used in everyday life. Scott Foresman Science Technology link: How Plants and Animals Live Together: 85 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 201 Forces and Motion: 304 Sound: 338, 361 Earth and Space: 381, 396-397, 398-401, 402-403, 404-405, 406-407, 408-409

19 Grade Two


PHYSICAL SCIENCE Properties of Matter K-7 Standard P.PM: Develop an understanding that all matter has observable attributes with physical and chemical properties that are described, measured, and compared Understand that states of matter exist as solid, liquid, or gas; and have physical and chemical properties. Understand all matter is composed of combinations of elements, which are organized by common attributes and characteristics on the Periodic Table. Understand that substances can be classified as mixtures or compounds and according to their physical and chemical properties. P.PM.E.1 Physical Properties- All objects and substances have physical properties that can be measured.

P.PM.02.12 Describe objects and substances according to their properties (color, size, shape, texture, hardness, liquid or solid, sinking or floating). Scott Foresman Science Properties of Matter: 236-238, 239-241, 242-247 P.PM.02.13 Measure the length of objects using rulers (centimeters) and meter sticks (meters). Scott Foresman Science Sound: 332 P.PM.02.14 Measure the volume of liquids using common measuring tools (measuring cups, measuring spoons). Scott Foresman Science Properties of Matter: 236, 256-257 P.PM.02.15 Compare the weight of objects using balances. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Our World: 420-421

P.PM.E.4 Material Composition- Some objects are composed of a single substance, while other objects are composed of more than one substance.

P.PM.02.41 Classify objects as single substances (ice, silver, sugar, salt) or mixtures (salt and pepper, mixed dry beans). Scott Foresman Science Properties of Matter: 236-238, 239-241, 242-247

20 Grade Two


LIFE SCIENCE Organization of Living Things K-7 Standard L.OL: Develop an understanding that plants and animals (including humans) have basic requirements for maintaining life which include the need for air, water and a source of energy. Understand that all life forms can be classified as producers, consumers, or decomposers as they are all part of a global food chain where food/energy is supplied by plants which need light to produce food/energy. Develop an understanding that plants and animals can be classified by observable traits and physical characteristics. Understand that all living organisms are composed of cells and they exhibit cell growth and division. Understand that all plants and animals have a definite life cycle, body parts, and systems to perform specific life functions. L.OL.E.1 Life Requirements- Organisms have basic needs. Animals and plants need air, water, and food. Plants also require light. Plants and animals use food as a source of energy and as a source of building material for growth and repair.

L.OL.02.14 Identify the needs of plants. Scott Foresman Science All About Plants: 4-6, 7-9 How Plants and Animals Live Together: 71-73

L.OL.E.2 Life Cycles- Plants and animals have life cycles. Both plants and animals begin life and develop into adults, reproduce, and eventually die. The details of this life cycle are different for different organisms.

L.OL.02.22 Describe the life cycle of familiar flowering plants including the following stages: seed, plant, flower, and fruit. Scott Foresman Science How Living Things Grow and Change: 103-107, 108-109, 110-111, 112-113, 114-115, 116-117, 118-121, 122-123

Heredity K-7 Standard L.HE: Develop an understanding that all life forms must reproduce to survive. Understand that characteristics of mature plants and animals may be inherited or acquired and that only inherited traits are passed on to their young. Understand that inherited traits can be influenced by changes in the environment and by genetics. L.HE.E.1 Observable Characteristics- Plants and animals share many, but not all, characteristics of their parents.

21 Grade Two


L.HE.02.13 Identify characteristics of plants (for example: leaf shape, flower type, color, size) that are passed on from parents to young. Scott Foresman Science All About Plants: 7-9, 10-11, 12-15 How Living Things Grow and Change: 112-113

EARTH SCIENCE Solid Earth K-7 Standard E.SE: Develop an understanding of the properties of earth materials and how those properties make materials useful. Understand gradual and rapid changes in earth materials and features of the surface of Earth. Understand magnetic properties of Earth. E.SE.E.2 Surface Changes- The surface of Earth changes. Some changes are due to slow processes, such as erosion and weathering, and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.

E.SE.02.21 Describe the major landforms of the surface of the Earth (mountains, plains, plateaus, valleys, hills). Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 143-145, 146-149, 150-151, 152-153

Fluid Earth K-7 Standard E.FE: Develop an understanding that Earth is a planet nearly covered with water and that water on Earth can be found in three states, solid, liquid, and gas. Understand how water on Earth moves in predictable patterns. Understand Earth’s atmosphere as a mixture of gases and water vapor. E.FE.E.1 Water- Water is a natural resource and is found under the ground, on the surface of the earth, and in the sky. It exists in three states (liquid, solid, gas) and can go back and forth from one form to another.

E.FE.02.11 Identify water sources (wells, springs, lakes, rivers, oceans). Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 143-145 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 178-179 E.FE.02.12 Identify household uses of water (drinking, cleaning, food preparation). Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 143-145 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 178-179

22 Grade Two


23 Grade Two

E.FE.02.13 Describe the properties (visible, flowing, melting, dew) of water as a liquid (lakes, rivers, streams, oceans). Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 143-145 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 178-179 E.FE.02.14 Describe the properties (hard, visible, freezing, ice) of water as a solid (ice, snow, iceberg, sleet, hail). Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 143-145 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 178-179 Properties of Matter: 256-257

E.FE.E.2 Water Movement- Water moves in predictable patterns. E.FE.02.21 Describe how rain collects on the surface of the Earth and flows downhill into bodies of water (streams, rivers, lakes, oceans) or into the ground. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 143-145 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 178-179 E.FE.02.22 Describe the major bodies of water on the Earth’s surface (lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, streams). Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Land, Air and Water: 143-145 Earth’s Weather and Seasons: 178-179



Grade Three


S.IP.03.11 Make purposeful observation of the natural world using the appropriate senses. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Plants and How They Grow: 4, 26-27 How Animals Live: 36, 58-59 Where Plants and Animals Live: 68, 90-91 Plants and Animals Living Together: 100, 128-129, 140-143 Water: 148 S.IP.03.12 Generate questions based on observations. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Water: 162-163 Weather: 172, 184-185 Rocks and Soil: 196, 210-211 Changes on Earth: 220, 234-235 Natural Resources: 244, 258-259, 268-271 S.IP.03.13 Plan and conduct simple and fair investigations. Scott Foresman Science Science fair projects: Plants and Animals Living Together: 144 Natural Resources: 272 Sound: 416 Science in Our Lives: 512

24 Grade Three


S.IP.03.14 Manipulate simple tools that aid observation and data collection (for example: hand lens, balance, ruler, meter stick, measuring cup, thermometer, spring scale, stop watch/timer). Scott Foresman Science Where Plants and Animals Live: 90-91 Water: 148 Weather: 184-185 Rocks and Soil: 210-211 Natural Resources: 268-271 Matter and Its Properties: 290-291 Changes in Matter: 314-315 Energy: 356, 378-379 Sound: 412-415 The Solar System: 452, 466-467 Science in Our Lives: 476, 508-511 S.IP.03.15 Make accurate measurements with appropriate units (centimeters, meters, Celsius, grams, seconds, minutes) for the measurement tool. Scott Foresman Science Where Plants and Animals Live: 90-91 Water: 148 Weather: 184-185 Rocks and Soil: 210-211 Natural Resources: 268-271 Matter and Its Properties: 290-291 Changes in Matter: 314-315 Energy: 356, 378-379 Sound: 412-415The Solar System: 452, 466-467 Science in Our Lives: 476, 508-511 S.IP.03.16 Construct simple charts and graphs from data and observations. Inquiry Analysis and Communication Scott Foresman Science Plants and How They Grow: 26-27 Where Plants and Animals Live: 90-91, 94 Plants and Animals Living Together: 133 Weather: 184-185 Changes on Earth: 235 Matter and Its Properties: 291

25 Grade Three


K-7 Standard S.IA: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and investigations require analysis and communication of findings, using appropriate technology. S.IA.E.1 Inquiry includes an analysis and presentation of findings that lead to future questions, research, and investigations.

S.IA.03.11 Summarize information from charts and graphs to answer scientific questions. Scott Foresman Science Plants and How They Grow: 26-27 Where Plants and Animals Live: 90-9, 94 Plants and Animals Living Together: 133 Weather: 184-185 Changes on Earth: 235 Matter and Its Properties: 291 S.IA.03.12 Share ideas about science through purposeful conversation in collaborative groups. Scott Foresman Science Plants and Animals Living Together: 143 Natural Resources: 271 Forces and Motion: 324, 356 Sound: 415 Science in Our Lives: 511 S.IA.03.13 Communicate and present findings of observations and investigations. Scott Foresman Science Plants and Animals Living Together: 143 Natural Resources: 271 Forces and Motion: 324, 356 Sound: 415 Science in Our Lives: 511 S.IA.03.14 Develop research strategies and skills for information gathering and problem solving. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Matter and Its Properties: 276, 290-291 Changes in Matter: 300, 314-315 Forces and Motion: 324, 344-345 Energy: 356, 378-379 Sound: 388, 402-403

26 Grade Three


S.IA.03.15 Compare and contrast sets of data from multiple trials of a science investigation to explain reasons for differences. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Sound: 388, 402-403, 412-415 Patterns in the Sky: 420, 440-441 The Solar System: 452, 466-467 Science in Our Lives: 476, 498-499, 508-511


S.RS.03.11 Demonstrate scientific concepts through various illustrations, performances, models, exhibits, and activities. Scott Foresman Science Art Link: Plants and How They Grow: 13 Plants and Animals Living Together: 108 Water: 159 Natural Resources: 257 Changes in Matter: 307 Energy: 371 Patterns in the Sky: 439 The Solar System: 464 Science in Our Lives: 488 Making models: How Animals Live: 36 Rocks and Soil: 196, 215 Changes on Earth: 220, 235, 238 Natural Resources: 258 Patterns in the Sky: 440 The Solar System: 452, 466, 471 Science in Our Lives: 498-499, 508

27 Grade Three


S.RS.03.14 Use data/samples as evidence to separate fact from opinion. Scott Foresman Science Plants and Animals Living Together: 143 Natural Resources: 271 Forces and Motion: 324 Energy: 356 Sound: 415 Science in Our Lives: 511 S.RS.03.15 Use evidence when communicating scientific ideas. Scott Foresman Science Plants and How They Grow: 26-27 Where Plants and Animals Live: 90-91, 94 Plants and Animals Living Together: 133 Weather: 184-185 Changes on Earth: 235 Matter and Its Properties: 291 S.RS.03.16 Identify technology used in everyday life. Scott Foresman Science Technology Links: Plants and How They Grow: 19 Changes in Matter: 303 Forces and Motion: 329, 336 Sound: 392 Patterns in the Sky: 425, 434 The Solar System: 456, 459, 462-463 Science in Our Lives: 476-477, 478-483, 484-489, 490-497 S.RS.03.17 Identify current problems that may be solved through the use of technology. Scott Foresman Science Science in Our Lives: 476-477, 478-483, 484-489, 490-497 S.RS.03.18 Describe the effect humans and other organisms have on the balance of the natural world. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Science: Where Plants and Animals Live: 87 Plants and Animals Living Together: 127 Changes in Matter: 303 The Solar System: 463 Science in Our Lives: 487

28 Grade Three


S.RS.03.19 Describe how people have contributed to science throughout history and across cultures. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Science: Where Plants and Animals Live: 87 Plants and Animals Living Together: 127 Changes in Matter: 303 The Solar System: 463 Science in Our Lives: 487

PHYSICAL SCIENCE Force and Motion K-7 Standard P.FM: Develop an understanding that the position and/or motion of an object is relative to a point of reference. Understand forces affect the motion and speed of an object and that the net force on an object is the total of all of the forces acting on it. Understand the Earth pulls down on objects with a force called gravity. Develop an understanding that some forces are in direct contact with objects, while other forces are not in direct contact with objects. P.FM.E.2 Gravity- Earth pulls down on all objects with a force called gravity. With very few exceptions, objects fall to the ground no matter where the object is on the Earth.

P.FM.03.22 Identify the force that pulls objects towards the Earth. Scott Foresman Science Forces and Motion: 326-331, 332-337

P.FM.E.3 Force- A force is either a push or a pull. The motion of objects can be changed by forces. The size of the change is related to the size of the force. The change is also related to the weight (mass) of the object on which the force is being exerted. When an object does not move in response to a force, it is because another force is being applied by the environment.

P.FM.03.35 Describe how a push or a pull is a force. Scott Foresman Science Forces and Motion: 326-331, 332-337 P.FM.03.36 Relate a change in motion of an object to the force that caused the change of motion. Scott Foresman Science Forces and Motion: 326-331, 332-337 P.FM.03.37 Demonstrate how the change in motion of an object is related to the strength of the force acting upon the object and to the mass of the object. Scott Foresman Science Forces and Motion: 326-331, 332-337

29 Grade Three


P.FM.03.38 Demonstrate when an object does not move in response to a force, it is because another force is acting on it. Scott Foresman Science Forces and Motion: 326-331, 332-337

P.FM.E.4 Speed- An object is in motion when its position is changing. The speed of an object is defined by how far it travels divided by the amount of time it took to travel that far.

P.FM.03.41 Compare and contrast the motion of objects in terms of direction. Scott Foresman Science Forces and Motion: 326-331, 332-337 P.FM.03.42 Identify changes in motion (change direction, speeding up, slowing down). Scott Foresman Science Forces and Motion: 326-331, 332-337 P.FM.03.43 Calculate the speed of an object based on the distance it travels divided by the amount of time it took to travel that distance. Scott Foresman Science Forces and Motion: 344-345

Energy K-7 Standard P.EN: Develop an understanding that there are many forms of energy (such as heat, light, sound, and electrical) and that energy is transferable by convection, conduction, or radiation. Understand energy can be in motion, called kinetic; or it can be stored, called potential. Develop an understanding that as temperature increases, more energy is added to a system. Understand nuclear reactions in the sun produce light and heat for the Earth. P.EN.E.1 Forms of Energy- Heat, electricity, light, and sound are forms of energy.

P.EN.03.11 Identify light and sound as forms of energy. Scott Foresman Science Energy: 358-361, 362-365, 366-369, 370-373, 374-377 Sound: 390-395

P.EN.E.2 Light Properties- Light travels in straight lines. Shadows result from light not being able to pass through an object. When light travels at an angle from one substance to another (air and water), it changes direction.

30 Grade Three


P.EN.03.21 Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line and that shadows are made by placing an object in a path of light. Scott Foresman Science Energy: 370-373 P.EN.03.22 Demonstrate what happens to light when it travels from water to air. (straw half in water looks bent). Scott Foresman Science Energy: 370-373

P.EN.E.3 Sound- Vibrating objects produce sound. The pitch of sound varies by changing the rate of vibration.

P.EN.03.31 Relate sounds to their sources of vibrations (for example: a musical note produced by a vibrating guitar string, the sounds of a drum made by the vibrating drum head). Scott Foresman Science Sound: 390-395, 396-401 P.EN.03.32 Distinguish the effect of fast or slow vibrations as pitch. Scott Foresman Science Sound: 390-395, 396-401

Properties of Matter K-7 Standard P.PM: Develop an understanding that all matter has observable attributes with physical and chemical properties that are described, measured, and compared. Understand that states of matter exist as solid, liquid, or gas; and have physical and chemical properties. Understand all matter is composed of combinations of elements, which are organized by common attributes and characteristics on the Periodic Table. Understand that substances can be classified as mixtures or compounds and according to their physical and chemical properties. P.PM.E.5 Conductive and Reflective Properties- Objects vary to the extent they absorb and reflect light energy and conduct heat and electricity.

P.PM.03.51 Demonstrate how some materials are heated more than others by light that shines on them. Scott Foresman Science Energy: 366-369

31 Grade Three


P.PM.03.52 Explain how we need light to see objects: light from a source reflects off objects and enters our eyes. Scott Foresman Science Energy: 370-373

LIFE SCIENCE Organization of Living Things K-7 Standard L.OL: Develop an understanding that plants and animals (including humans) have basic requirements for maintaining life which include the need for air, water and a source of energy. Understand that all life forms can be classified as producers, consumers, or decomposers as they are all part of a global food chain where food/energy is supplied by plants which need light to produce food/energy. Develop an understanding that plants and animals can be classified by observable traits and physical characteristics. Understand that all living organisms are composed of cells and they exhibit cell growth and division. Understand that all plants and animals have a definite life cycle, body parts, and systems to perform specific life functions. L.OL.E.3 Structures and Functions- Organisms have different structures that serve different functions in growth, survival, and reproduction.

L.OL.03.31 Describe the function of the following plant parts: flower, stem, root and leaf. Scott Foresman Science Plants and How They Grow: 6-9, 10-13 L.OL.03.32 Identify and compare structures in animals used for controlling body temperature, support, movement, food-getting, and protection (for example: fur, wings, teeth, claws). Scott Foresman Science How Animals Live: 48-53

L.OL.E.4 Classification- Organisms can be classified on the basis of observable characteristics.

L.OL.03.41 Classify plants on the basis of observable physical characteristics (roots, leaves, stems, and flowers). Scott Foresman Science Plants and How They Grow: 14-17 L.OL.03.42 Classify animals on the basis of observable physical characteristics (backbone, skin, shell, limbs, scales). Scott Foresman Science How Animals Live: 38-43

32 Grade Three


Evolution K-7 Standard L.EV: Develop an understanding that plants and animals have observable parts and characteristics that help them survive and flourish in their environments. Understand that fossils provide evidence that life forms have changed over time and were influenced by changes in environmental conditions. Understand that life forms either change (evolve) over time or risk extinction due to environmental changes and describe how scientists identify the relatedness of various organisms based on similarities in anatomical features. L.EV.E.1 Environmental Adaptation- Different kinds of organisms have characteristics that help them to live in different environments.

L.EV.03.11 Relate characteristics and functions of observable parts in a variety of plants that allow them to live in their environment (for example: leaf shape, thorns, odor, color). Scott Foresman Science Plants and How They Grow: 22-25 How Animals Live: 48-53, 54-57 L.EV.03.12 Relate characteristics and functions of observable body parts to the ability of animals to live in their environment (for example: sharp teeth, claws, color, body covers). Scott Foresman Science Plants and How They Grow: 22-25 How Animals Live: 48-53, 54-57

EARTH SCIENCE Earth Systems K-7 Standard E.ES: Develop an understanding of the warming of the Earth by the sun as the major source of energy for phenomenon on Earth and how the sun’s warming relates to weather, climate, seasons, and the water cycle. Understand how human interaction and use of natural resources affects the environment. E.ES.E.4 Natural Resources- The supply of many natural resources is limited. Humans have devised methods for extending their use of natural resources through recycling, reuse, and renewal.

E.ES.03.41 Identify natural resources (metals, fuels, fresh water, farmland, and forests). Scott Foresman Science Natural Resources: 246-249, 250-253, 254-257

33 Grade Three


E.ES.03.42 Classify renewable (fresh water, farmland, forests) and non-renewable (fuels, metals) resources. Scott Foresman Science Natural Resources: 250-253, 254-257 E.ES.03.43 Describe ways humans are protecting, extending, and restoring resources (recycle, reuse, reduce, renewal). Scott Foresman Science Natural Resources: 250-253, 254-257 E.ES.03.44 Recognize that paper, metal, glass, and some plastics can be recycled. Scott Foresman Science Natural Resources: 250-253, 254-257

E.ES.E.5 Human Impact- Humans depend on their natural and constructed environment. Humans change environments in ways that are helpful or harmful for themselves and other organisms.

E.ES.03.51 Describe ways humans are dependent on the natural environment (forests, water, clean air, earth materials) and constructed environments (homes, neighborhoods, shopping malls, factories, and industry). Scott Foresman Science Natural Resources: 244-245, 250-253, 254-257, 258-259 E.ES.03.52 Describe helpful or harmful effects of humans on the environment (garbage, habitat destruction, land management, renewable and non-renewable resources). Scott Foresman Science Natural Resources: 250-253, 254-257

Solid Earth K-7 Standard E.SE: Develop an understanding of the properties of earth materials and how those properties make materials useful. Understand gradual and rapid changes in earth materials and features of the surface of Earth. Understand magnetic properties of Earth. E.SE.E.1 Earth Materials- Earth materials that occur in nature include rocks, minerals, soils, water, and the gases of the atmosphere. Some Earth materials have properties which sustain plant and animal life.

34 Grade Three


35 Grade Three

E.SE.03.13 Recognize and describe different types of earth materials (mineral, rock, clay, boulder, gravel, sand, soil). Scott Foresman Science Rocks and Soil: 198-201, 202-205, 206-209 Changes on Earth: 222-225 E.SE.03.14 Recognize that rocks are made up of minerals. Scott Foresman Science Rocks and Soil: 198-201, 202-205

E.SE.E.2 Surface Changes- The surface of Earth changes. Some changes are due to slow processes, such as erosion and weathering, and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.

E.SE.03.22 Identify and describe natural causes of change in the Earth’s surface (erosion, glaciers, volcanoes, landslides, and earthquakes). Scott Foresman Science Changes on Earth: 226-229, 230-233

E.SE.E.3 Using Earth Materials- Some Earth materials have properties that make them useful either in their present form or designed and modified to solve human problems. They can enhance the quality of life as in the case of materials used for building or fuels used for heating and transportation.

E.SE.03.31 Identify Earth materials used to construct some common objects (for example: bricks, buildings, roads, glass). Scott Foresman Science Can be developed from: Rocks and Soil: 198-201, 202-205, 206-209 Changes on Earth: 222-225 E.SE.03.32 Describe how materials taken from the Earth can be used as fuels for heating and transportation. Scott Foresman Science Natural Resources: 244-245, 250-253, 254-257, 258-259

Scott Foresman Science to the


Grade Four


S.IP.04.11 Make purposeful observation of the natural world using the appropriate senses. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Classifying Plants and Animals: 4, 34-35 Energy from Plants: 44, 66-67 Ecosystems: 76, 96-97 Changes in Ecosystems: 108, 130-131 Systems of the Human Body: 140, 162-163 S.IP.04.12 Generate questions based on observations. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Systems of the Human Body: 172-175 Water Cycle and Weather: 180, 200-201 Hurricanes and Tornadoes: 212, 226-227 Minerals and Rocks: 236, 250-251 Changes to Earth’s Surface: 260, 274-275 Using Natural Resources: 284 S.IP.04.13 Plan and conduct simple and fair investigations. Scott Foresman Science Science Fair Projects: Systems of the Human Body: 176 Using Natural Resources: 312 Simple Machines: 488 Effects of Technology: 576

36 Grade Four


S.IP.04.14 Manipulate simple tools that aid observation and data collection (for example: hand lens, balance, ruler, meter stick, measuring cup, thermometer, spring scale, stop watch/timer, graduated cylinder/beaker). Scott Foresman Science Classifying Plants and Animals: 4 Ecosystems: 96-97 Systems of the Human Body: 162-163 Water Cycle and Weather: 200-201 Minerals and Rocks: 236 Changes to Earth’s Surface: 260 Using Natural Resources: 284, 298-299, 308-311 Heat: 360-361 Sound and Light: 404 Objects in Motion: 436 Simple Machines: 460, 484-487 Effects of Technology: 572-575 S.IP.04.15 Make accurate measurements with appropriate units (millimeters centimeters, meters, milliliters, liters, Celsius, grams, seconds, minutes) for the measurement tool. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Plants and Animals: 4 Ecosystems: 96-97 Systems of the Human Body: 162-163 Water Cycle and Weather: 200-201 Minerals and Rocks: 236 Changes to Earth’s Surface: 260 Using Natural Resources: 284, 298-299, 308-311 Heat: 360-361 Sound and Light: 404, 436 Simple Machines: 460, 484-48, Effects of Technology: 572-575 S.IP.04.16 Construct simple charts and graphs from data and observations. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Plants and Animals: 5, 39 Energy from Plants: 45, 71 Ecosystems: 77, 101 Changes in Ecosystems: 109, 135 Systems of the Human Body: 141, 167 Water Cycle and Weather: 181, 200-201, 204, 205 Minerals and Rocks: 237, 255 Changes to Earth’s Surface: 261, 279 Using Natural Resources: 300-301 Electricity and Magnetism: 373, 399 Sound and Light: 411, 431

37 Grade Four


Objects in Motion: 436, 451 Simple Machines: 479


S.IA.04.11 Summarize information from charts and graphs to answer scientific questions. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Plants and Animals: 5, 39 Energy from Plants: 45, 71 Ecosystems: 77, 101 Changes in Ecosystems: 109, 135 Systems of the Human Body: 141, 167 Water Cycle and Weather: 181, 200-201, 204, 205 Minerals and Rocks: 237, 255 Changes to Earth’s Surface: 261, 279 Using Natural Resources: 300-301 Electricity and Magnetism: 373, 399 Sound and Light: 411, 431 Objects in Motion: 436, 451 Simple Machines: 479 S.IA.04.12 Share ideas about science through purposeful conversation in collaborative groups. Scott Foresman Science Systems of the Human Body: 174 Water Cycle and Weather: 180, 204 Using Natural Resources: 311 Simple Machines: 460, 475, 487 Effects of Technology: 575 S.IA.04.13 Communicate and present findings of observations and investigations. Scott Foresman Science Systems of the Human Body: 174 Water Cycle and Weather: 180, 204 Using Natural Resources: 311 Simple Machines: 460, 475, 487 Effects of Technology: 575

38 Grade Four


S.IA.04.14 Develop research strategies and skills for information gathering and problem solving. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Properties of Matter: 316, 338-339 Heat: 348, 360-361 Electricity and Magnetism: 372, 394-395 Sound and Light: 404, 426-427 Objects in Motion: 436, 450-451 S.IA.04.15 Compare and contrast sets of data from multiple trials of a science investigation to explain reasons for differences. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Simple Machines: 460, 474-475, 484-487 Earth’s Cycles: 492, 506-507 Inner and Outer Planets: 516, 538-539 Effects of Technology: 548, 560-561, 572-575


S.RS.04.11 Demonstrate scientific concepts through various illustrations, performances, models, exhibits, and activities. Scott Foresman Science Systems of the Human Body: 162-163 Hurricanes and Tornadoes: 212, 231 Using Natural Resources: 298-299 Heat: 364 Inner and Outer Planets: 516, 538-539 Effects of Technology: 548

39 Grade Four


S.RS.04.14 Use data/samples as evidence to separate fact from opinion. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Systems of the Human Body: 172-175 Water Cycle and Weather: 180, 200-201 Hurricanes and Tornadoes: 212, 226-227 Minerals and Rocks: 236, 250-251 Changes to Earth’s Surface: 260, 274-275 Using Natural Resources: 284 S.RS.04.15 Use evidence when communicating scientific ideas. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Classifying Plants and Animals: 4, 34-35 Energy from Plants: 44, 66-67 Ecosystems: 76, 96-97 Changes in Ecosystems: 108, 130-131 Systems of the Human Body: 140, 162-163 S.RS.04.16 Identify technology used in everyday life. Scott Foresman Science Effects of Technology: 548-549, 550-555, 556-559, 560-561 S.RS.04.17 Identify current problems that may be solved through the use of technology. Scott Foresman Science Effects of Technology: 548-549, 550-555, 556-559, 560-561 S.RS.04.18 Describe the effect humans and other organisms have on the balance of the natural world. Scott Foresman Science Using Natural Resources: 292-297 Effects of Technology: 548-549, 550-555, 556-559, 560-561 S.RS.04.19 Describe how people have contributed to science throughout history and across cultures. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Science: Classifying Plants and Animals: 33 Changes in Ecosystems: 125 Systems of the Human Body: 161 Water Cycle and weather: 187 Properties of Matter: 327 Electricity and Magnetism: 389 Objects in Motion: 449

40 Grade Four


PHYSICAL SCIENCE Energy K-7 Standard P.EN: Develop an understanding that there are many forms of energy (such as heat, light, sound, and electrical) and that energy is transferable by convection, conduction, or radiation. Understand energy can be in motion, called kinetic; or it can be stored, called potential. Develop an understanding that as temperature increases, more energy is added to a system. Understand nuclear reactions in the sun produce light and heat for the Earth. P.EN.E.1 Forms of Energy- Heat, electricity, light, and sound are forms of energy.

P.EN.04.12 Identify heat and electricity as forms of energy. Scott Foresman Science Heat: 348-349, 350-353, 354-359, 360-361 Electricity and Magnetism: 374-377, 378-381, 382-385, 386-389, 390-393

P.EN.E.4 Energy and Temperature- Increasing the temperature of any substance requires the addition of energy.

P.EN.04.41 Demonstrate how temperature can be increased in a substance by adding energy. Scott Foresman Science Heat: 348-349, 350-353, 354-359, 360-361 P.EN.04.42 Describe heat as the energy produced when substances burn, certain kinds of materials rub against each other, and when electricity flows through wire. Scott Foresman Science Heat: 348-349, 350-353, 354-359, 360-361 P.EN.04.43 Describe how heat is produced through electricity, rubbing, and burning. Scott Foresman Science Heat: 348-349, 350-353, 354-359, 360-361 Electricity and Magnetism: 378-381

P.EN.E.5 Electrical Circuits- Electrical circuits transfer electrical energy and produce magnetic fields.

P.EN.04.51 Explain how electrical energy is transferred and changed through the use of a simple circuit. Scott Foresman Science Electricity and Magnetism: 374-377, 378-381, 382-385, 386-389, 390-393

41 Grade Four


P.EN.04.52 Create a simple working electromagnet and explain the conditions necessary to make the electromagnet. Scott Foresman Science Electricity and Magnetism: 374-377, 378-381, 382-385, 386-389, 390-393

Properties of Matter K-7 Standard P.PM: Develop an understanding that all matter has observable attributes with physical and chemical properties that are described, measured, and compared. Understand that states of matter exist as solid, liquid, or gas; and have physical and chemical properties. Understand all matter is composed of combinations of elements, which are organized by common attributes and characteristics on the Periodic Table. Understand that substances can be classified as mixtures or compounds and according to their physical and chemical properties. P.PM.E.1 Physical Properties- All objects and substances have physical properties that can be measured.

P.PM.04.16 Measure the weight (spring scale) and mass (balances in grams or kilograms) of objects. Scott Foresman Science Simple Machines: 484-487 P.PM.04.17 Measure volumes of liquids and capacities of containers in milliliters and liters. Scott Foresman Science Heat: 360-361 P.PM.04.18 Demonstrate the use of centimeter cubes poured into a container to estimate the container’s capacity. Scott Foresman Science Heat: 360-361 Simple Machines: 484-487

P.PM.E.2 States of Matter- Matter exists in several different states: solids, liquids, and gases. Each state of matter has unique physical properties. Gases are easily compressed, but liquids and solids do not compress easily. Solids have their own particular shapes, but liquids and gases take the shape of the container.

P.PM.04.23 Compare and contrast the states (solids, liquids, gases) of matter. Scott Foresman Science Properties of Matter: 332-337, 338-339

42 Grade Four


P.PM.E.3 Magnets- Magnets can repel or attract other magnets. Magnets can also attract certain non-magnetic objects at a distance.

P.PM.04.33 Demonstrate magnetic field by observing the patterns formed with iron filings using a variety of magnets. Scott Foresman Science Electricity and Magnetism: 382-385 P.PM.04.34 Demonstrate that non-magnetic objects are affected by the strength of the magnet and the distance away from the magnet. Scott Foresman Science Electricity and Magnetism: 382-385, 390-393, 394-395

P.PM.E.5 Conductive and Reflective Properties- Objects vary to the extent they absorb and reflect light energy and conduct heat and electricity.

P.PM.04.53 Identify objects that are good conductors or poor conductors of heat and electricity. Scott Foresman Science Electricity and Magnetism: 354-359, 378-381

Changes in Matter K-7 Standard P.CM: Develop an understanding of changes in the state of matter in terms of heating and cooling, and in terms of arrangement and relative motion of atoms and molecules. Understand the differences between physical and chemical changes. Develop an understanding of the conservation of mass. Develop an understanding of products and reactants in a chemical change. P.CM.E.1 Changes in State- Matter can be changed from one state (liquid, solid, gas) to another and then back again. This may be caused by heating and cooling.

P.CM.04.11 Explain how matter can change from one state (liquid, solid, gas) to another by heating and cooling. Scott Foresman Science Properties of Matter: 332-337, 338-339

43 Grade Four


LIFE SCIENCE Organization of Living Things K-7 Standard L.OL: Develop an understanding that plants and animals (including humans) have basic requirements for maintaining life which include the need for air, water and a source of energy. Understand that all life forms can be classified as producers, consumers, or decomposers as they are all part of a global food chain where food/energy is supplied by plants which need light to produce food/energy. Develop an understanding that plants and animal can be classified by observable traits and physical characteristics. Understand that all living organisms are composed of cells and they exhibit cell growth and division. Understand that all plants and animals have a definite life cycle, body parts, and systems to perform specific life functions. L.OL.E.1 Life Requirements- Organisms have basic needs. Animals and plants need air, water, and food. Plants also require light. Plants and animals use food as a source of energy and as a source of building material for growth and repair.

L.OL.04.15 Determine that plants require air, water, light, and a source of energy and building material for growth and repair. Scott Foresman Science Energy from Plants: 44-45, 46-49, 50-53 L.OL.04.16 Determine that animals require air, water, and a source of energy and building material for growth and repair. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Plants and Animals: 26-33

Evolution K-7 Standard L.EV: Develop an understanding that plants and animals have observable parts and characteristics that help them survive and flourish in their environments. Understand that fossils provide evidence that life forms have changed over time and were influenced by changes in environmental conditions. Understand that life forms either change (evolve) over time or risk extinction due to environmental changes and describe how scientists identify the relatedness of various organisms based on similarities in anatomical features. L.EV.E.2 Survival- Individuals of the same kind differ in their characteristics, and sometimes the differences give individuals an advantage in surviving and reproducing.

L.EV.04.21 Identify individual differences (for example: color, leg length, size, wing size) in organisms of the same kind. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Plants and Animals: 10-13, 14-17, 18-25, 26-33, 34-35

44 Grade Four


L.EV.04.22 Identify how variations in physical characteristics of individual organisms give them an advantage for survival and reproduction. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Plants and Animals: 26-33 Changes in Ecosystems: 114-117

Ecosystems K-7 Standard L.EC: Develop an understanding of the interdependence of the variety of populations, communities and ecosystems, including those in the Great Lakes region. Develop an understanding of different types of interdependence and that biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors affect the balance of an ecosystem. Understand that all organisms cause changes, some detrimental and others beneficial, in the environment where they live. L.EC.E.1 Interactions- Organisms interact in various ways including providing food and shelter to one another. Some interactions are helpful: others are harmful to the organism and other organisms.

L.EC.04.11 Identify organisms as part of a food chain or food web. Scott Foresman Science Ecosystems: 84-89. 90-95, 96-97

L.EC.E.2 Changed Environment Effects- When the environment changes, some plants and animals survive to reproduce; others die or move to new locations.

L.EC.04.21 Explain how environmental changes can produce a change in the food web. Scott Foresman Science Ecosystems: 84-89. 90-95, 96-97 Changes in Ecosystems: 118-123, 124-129

K-7 Standard E.ST: Develop an understanding that the sun is the central and largest body in the solar system and that Earth and other objects in the sky move in a regular and predictable motion around the sun. Understand that those motions explain the day, year, moon phases, eclipses and the appearance of motion of objects across the sky. Understand that gravity is the force that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun and governs motion in the solar system. Develop an understanding that fossils and layers of Earth provide evidence of the history of Earth’s life forms, changes over long periods of time, and theories regarding Earth’s history and continental drift.

45 Grade Four


E.ST.E.1 Characteristics of Objects in the Sky- Common objects in the sky have observable characteristics.

E.ST.04.11 Identify common objects in the sky, such as the sun and the moon. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Cycles: 500-505 Inner and Outer Planets: 518-521 E.ST.04.12 Compare and contrast the characteristics of the sun, moon and Earth, including relative distances and abilities to support life. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Cycles: 500-505 Inner and Outer Planets: 518-521

E.ST.E.2 Patterns of Objects in the Sky- Common objects in the sky have observable characteristics and predictable patterns of movement.

E.ST.04.21 Describe the orbit of the Earth around the sun as it defines a year. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Cycles: 494-499 E.ST.04.22 Explain that the spin of the Earth creates day and night. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Cycles: 494-499, 500-505 E.ST.04.23 Describe the motion of the moon around the Earth. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Cycles: 494-499, 500-505 E.ST.04.24 Explain how the visible shape of the moon follows a predictable cycle which takes approximately one month. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Cycles: 494-499, 500-505 E.ST.04.25 Describe the apparent movement of the sun and moon across the sky through day/night and the seasons. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Cycles: 494-499, 500-505

E.ST.E.3 Fossils- Fossils provide evidence about the plants and animals that lived long ago and the nature of the environment at that time.

E.ST.04.31 Explain how fossils provide evidence of the history of the Earth. Scott Foresman Science Minerals and Rocks: 242-245, 246-249

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47 Grade Four

E.ST.04.32 Compare and contrast life forms found in fossils and organisms that exist today. Scott Foresman Science Minerals and Rocks: 242-245, 246-249



Grade Five

SCIENCE PROCESSES Inquiry Process K-7 Standard S.IP: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and reasoning involves observing, questioning, investigating, recording, and developing solutions to problems. S.IP.M.1 Inquiry involves generating questions, conducting investigations, and developing solutions to problems through reasoning and observation.

S.IP.05.11 Generate scientific questions based on observations, investigations, and research. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Classifying Organisms: 4, 18-19, 28 Cells to Systems: 42-43, 52 Human Body Systems: 74-75, 84 Plants: 106-107, 116 Interactions in Ecosystems: 130-131 S.IP.05.12 Design and conduct scientific investigations. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Interactions in Ecosystems: 140, 154-155 Changes in Ecosystems: 164,192-193 Water on Earth: 204-207, 212 Weather Patterns: 234-235, 244 Earth’s Changing Surface: 258-259, 268 S.IP.05.13 Use tools and equipment (spring scales, stop watches, meter sticks and tapes, models, hand lens) appropriate to scientific investigations. Scott Foresman Science Plants: 106-107 Interactions in Ecosystems: 154-155 Changes in Ecosystems: 164 Water on Earth: 204-207, 212 Weather Patterns: 244 Earth’s Changing Surface: 258-259 Protecting Earth’s Resources: 314-315 Matter and Its Properties: 356-359, 364

48 Grade Five


Changes in Matter: 378-379 Forces in Motion: 420 Changing Forms of Energy: 466-467 Stars and Galaxies: 514-515, 524-527 Technology in Our Lives: 580, 604-607 S.IP.05.14 Use metric measurement devices in an investigation. Scott Foresman Science Plants: 106-107 Interactions in Ecosystems: 154-155 Changes in Ecosystems: 164 Water on Earth: 204-207, 212 Weather Patterns: 244 Earth’s Changing Surface: 258-259 Protecting Earth’s Resources: 314-315 Matter and Its Properties: 356-359, 364 Changes in Matter: 378-379 Forces in Motion: 420 Changing Forms of Energy: 466-467 Stars and Galaxies: 514-515, 524-527 Technology in Our Lives: 580, 604-607 S.IP.05.15 Construct charts and graphs from data and observations. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Organisms: 20-21 Cells to Systems: 44-45 Human Body Systems: 76-77 Plants: 108-109 Interactions in Ecosystems: 132-133, 156-157 Water on Earth: 194-195 Weather Patterns: 236-237 Earth’s Changing Surface: 260-261, 284-285 Protecting Earth’s Resources: 316-317 Matter and Its Properties: 367 Changing Forms of Energy: 455 Earth in Space: 539 S.IP.05.16 Identify patterns in data. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Organisms: 20-21 Cells to Systems: 44-45 Human Body Systems: 76-77 Plants: 108-109 Interactions in Ecosystems: 132-133, 156-157 Water on Earth: 194-195 Weather Patterns: 236-237

49 Grade Five


Earth’s Changing Surface: 260-261, 284-285 Protecting Earth’s Resources: 316-317 Matter and Its Properties: 367 Changing Forms of Energy: 455 Earth in Space: 539

Inquiry Analysis and Communication K-7 Standard S.IA: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and investigations require analysis and communication of findings, using appropriate technology. S.IA.M.1 Inquiry includes an analysis and presentation of findings that lead to future questions, research, and investigations.

S.IA.05.11 Analyze information from data tables and graphs to answer scientific questions. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Organisms: 20-21 Cells to Systems: 44-45 Human Body Systems: 76-77 Plants: 108-109 Interactions in Ecosystems: 132-133, 156-157 Water on Earth: 194-195 Weather Patterns: 236-237 Earth’s Changing Surface: 260-261, 284-285 Protecting Earth’s Resources: 316-317 Matter and Its Properties: 367 Changing Forms of Energy: 455 Earth in Space: 539 S.IA.05.12 Evaluate data, claims, and personal knowledge through collaborative science discourse. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Matter and Its Properties: 364 Changes in Matter: 378-379, 388 Forces in Motion: 408-409, 420 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443, 452, 466-467 Electricity: 476, 490-491

50 Grade Five


S.IA.05.13 Communicate and defend findings of observations and investigations using evidence. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Electricity: 500 Stars and Galaxies: 514-515, 524-527, 532 Earth in Space: 544-545, 556 Technology in Our Lives: 570-571, 580, 594-595, 604-607 S.IA.05.14 Draw conclusions from sets of data from multiple trials of a scientific investigation. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Interactions in Ecosystems: 140, 154-155 Changes in Ecosystems: 164,192-193 Water on Earth: 204-207, 212 Weather Patterns: 234-235, 244 Earth’s Changing Surface: 258-259, 268 S.IA.05.15 Use multiple sources of information to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of claims, arguments, or data. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Classifying Organisms: 4, 18-19, 28 Cells to Systems: 42-43, 52 Human Body Systems: 74-75, 84 Plants: 106-107, 116 Interactions in Ecosystems: 130-131

Reflection and Social Implications K-7 Standard S.RS: Develop an understanding that claims and evidence for their scientific merit should be analyzed. Understand how scientists decide what constitutes scientific knowledge. Develop an understanding of the importance of reflection on scientific knowledge and its application to new situations to better understand the role of science in society and technology. S.RS.M.1 Reflecting on knowledge is the application of scientific knowledge to new and different situations. Reflecting on knowledge requires careful analysis of evidence that guides decision-making and the application of science throughout history and within society.

51 Grade Five


S.RS.05.11 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of claims, arguments, and data. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Electricity: 500 Stars and Galaxies: 514-515, 524-527, 532 Earth in Space: 544-545, 556 Technology in Our Lives: 570-571, 580, 594-595, 604-607 S.RS.05.12 Describe limitations in personal and scientific knowledge. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Matter and Its Properties: 364 Changes in Matter: 378-379, 388 Forces in Motion: 408-409, 420 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443, 452, 466-467 Electricity: 476, 490-491 S.RS.05.13 Identify the need for evidence in making scientific decisions. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Classifying Organisms: 4, 18-19, 28 Cells to Systems: 42-43, 52 Human Body Systems: 74-75, 84 Plants: 106-107, 116 Interactions in Ecosystems: 130-131 S.RS.05.15 Demonstrate scientific concepts through various illustrations, performances, models, exhibits, and activities. Scott Foresman Science Cells to Systems: 42-43, 46 Human Body Systems: 74-75 Plants: 106-107, 110-111 Interactions in Ecosystems: 135 Water on Earth: 196-197 Earth’s Changing Surface: 259, 263, 283, 286 Matter and Its Properties: 345, 348-349 Forces in Motion: 412, Electricity: 495 Earth in Space: 548 Technology in Our Lives: 574

52 Grade Five


S.RS.05.16 Design solutions to problems using technology. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Science: Human Body Systems: 59, 64 Interactions in Ecosystems: 143 Changes in Ecosystems: 187 Changes in Matter: 373, 397 Electricity: 505 Stars and Galaxies: 537 Earth in Space: 559 Technology in Our Lives: 582-589, 590-593 S.RS.05.17 Describe the effect humans and other organisms have on the balance in the natural world. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Changing Surface: 294-301 Protecting Earth’s Resources: 302-305, 306-313 S.RS.05.19 Describe how science and technology have advanced because of the contributions of many people throughout history and across cultures. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Science: Human Body Systems: 59, 64 Interactions in Ecosystems: 143 Changes in Ecosystems: 187 Changes in Matter: 373, 397 Electricity: 505 Stars and Galaxies: 537 Earth in Space: 559 Technology in Our Lives: 582-589, 590-593

PHYSICAL SCIENCE Forces and Motion K-7 Standard P.FM: Develop an understanding that the position and/or motion of an object is relative to a point of reference. Understand forces affect the motion and speed of an object and that the net force on an object is the total of all of the forces acting on it. Understand the Earth pulls down on objects with a force called gravity. Develop an understanding that some forces are in direct contact with objects, while other forces are not in direct contact with objects. P.FM.M.2 Force Interactions- Some forces between objects act when the objects are in direct contact (touching), such as friction and air resistance, or when they are not in direct contact (not touching), such as magnetic force, electrical force, and gravitational force.

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P.FM.05.21 Distinguish between contact forces and non-contact forces. Scott Foresman Science Changing Forms of Energy: 422-427, 428-431 P.FM.05.22 Demonstrate contact and non-contact forces to change the motion of an object. Scott Foresman Science Changing Forms of Energy: 432-435, 436-441

P.FM.M.3 Force- Forces have a magnitude and direction. Forces can be added. The net force on an object is the sum of all of the forces acting on the object. The speed and/or direction of motion of an object changes when a non-zero net force is applied to it. A balanced force on an object does not change the motion of the object (the object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant speed in a straight line).

P.FM.05.31 Describe what happens when two forces act on an object in the same or opposing directions. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 432-435, 436-441 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443 P.FM.05.32 Describe how constant motion is the result of balanced (zero net) forces. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 432-435, 436-441 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443 P.FM.05.33 Describe how changes in the motion of objects are caused by a non-zero net (unbalanced) force. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 432-435, 436-441 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443 P.FM.05.34 Relate the size of change in motion to the strength of unbalanced forces and the mass of the object. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 432-435, 436-441 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443

54 Grade Five


P.FM.M.4 Speed- Motion can be described by a change in position relative to a point of reference. The motion of an object can be described by its speed and the direction it is moving. The position and speed of an object can be measured and graphed as a function of time.

P.FM.05.41 Explain the motion of an object relative to its point of reference. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 432-435, 436-441 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443 P.FM.05.42 Describe the motion of an object in terms of distance, time and direction, as the object moves, and in relationship to other objects. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 432-435, 436-441 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443 P.FM.05.43 Illustrate how motion can be measured and represented on a graph. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 432-435, 436-441 Changing Forms of Energy: 442-443

LIFE SCIENCE Organization of Living Things K-7 Standard L.OL: Develop an understanding that plants and animals (including humans) have basic requirements for maintaining life which include the need for air, water and a source of energy. Understand that all life forms can be classified as producers, consumers, or decomposers as they are all part of a global food chain where food/energy is supplied by plants which need light to produce food/energy. Develop an understanding that plants and animals can be classified by observable traits and physical characteristics. Understand that all living organisms are composed of cells and they exhibit cell growth and division. Understand that all plants and animals have a definite life cycle, body parts, and systems to perform specific life functions. L.OL.M.4 Animal Systems- Multicellular organisms may have specialized systems that perform functions which serve the needs of the organism.

L.OL.05.41 Identify the general purpose of selected animal systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, nervous, excretory, and reproductive). Scott Foresman Science Human Body Systems: 86-89 Plants: 90-93, 94-97, 98-101, 102-105

55 Grade Five


L.OL.05.42 Explain how animal systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, muscular, nervous, excretory, and reproductive) work together to perform selected activities. Scott Foresman Science Human Body Systems: 86-89 Plants: 90-93, 94-97, 98-101, 102-105

Heredity K-7 Standard L.HE: Develop an understanding that all life forms must reproduce to survive. Understand that characteristics of mature plants and animals may be inherited or acquired and that only inherited traits are passed on to their young. Understand that inherited traits can be influenced by changes in the environment and by genetics. L.HE.M.1 Inherited and Acquired Traits – The characteristics of organisms are influenced by heredity and environment. For some characteristics, inheritance is more important; for other characteristics, interactions with the environment are more important.

L.HE.05.11 Explain that the traits of an individual are influenced by both the environment and the genetics of the individual. Scott Foresman Science Human Body Systems: 58-61 L.HE.05.12 Distinguish between inherited and acquired traits. Scott Foresman Science Human Body Systems: 58-61

Evolution K-7 Standard L.EV: Develop an understanding that plants and animals have observable parts and characteristics that help them survive and flourish in their environments. Understand that fossils provide evidence that life forms have changed over time and were influenced by changes in environmental conditions. Understand that life forms either change (evolve) over time or risk extinction due to environmental changes and describe how scientists identify the relatedness of various organisms based on similarities in anatomical features. L.EV.M.1 Species Adaptation and Survival- Species with certain traits are more likely than others to survive and have offspring in particular environments. When an environment changes, the advantage or disadvantage of the species’ characteristics can change. Extinction of a species occurs when the environment changes and the characteristics of a species are insufficient to allow survival.

56 Grade Five


L.EV.05.11 Explain how behavioral characteristics (adaptation, instinct, learning, habit) of animals help them to survive in their environment. Scott Foresman Science Changes in Ecosystems: 166-169, 170-175, 176-181 L.EV.05.12 Describe the physical characteristics (traits) of organisms that help them survive in their environment. Scott Foresman Science Changes in Ecosystems: 166-169, 170-175, 176-181 L.EV.05.13 Describe how fossils provide evidence about how living things and environmental conditions have changed. Scott Foresman Science Weather Patterns: 246-253 L.EV.05.14 Analyze the relationship of environmental change and catastrophic events (for example: volcanic eruption, floods, asteroid impacts, tsunami) to species extinction. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Changing Surface: 270-273, 274-277, 278-281

L.EV.M.2 Relationships Among Organisms- Similarities among organisms are found in anatomical features, which can be used to infer the degree of relatedness among organisms. In classifying organisms, biologists consider details of internal and external structures to be more important than behavior or general appearance.

L.EV.05.21 Relate degree of similarity in anatomical features to the classification of contemporary organisms. Scott Foresman Science Classifying Organisms: 14-17, 18-19

EARTH SCIENCE Earth Systems K-7 Standard E.ES: Develop an understanding of the warming of the Earth by the sun as the major source of energy for phenomenon on Earth and how the sun’s warming relates to weather, climate, seasons, and the water cycle. Understand how human interaction and use of natural resources affects the environment. E.ES.M.6 Seasons- Seasons result from annual variations in the intensity of sunlight and length of day due to the tilt of the axis of the Earth relative to the plane of its yearly orbit around the sun.

57 Grade Five


E.ES.05.61 Demonstrate using a model, seasons as the result of variations in the intensity of sunlight caused by the tilt of the Earth on its axis, and revolution around the sun. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Our Lives: 570-571 E.ES.05.62 Explain how the revolution of the Earth around the sun defines a year. Scott Foresman Science Stars and Galaxies: 534-537 Earth in Space: 538-543 Technology in Our Lives: 570-571

Earth in Space and Time K-7 Standard E.ST: Develop an understanding that the sun is the central and largest body in the solar system and that Earth and other objects in the sky move in a regular and predictable motion around the sun. Understand that those motions explain the day, year, moon phases, eclipses and the appearance of motion of objects across the sky. Understand that gravity is the force that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun and governs motion in the solar system. Develop an understanding that fossils and layers of Earth provide evidence of the history of Earth’s life forms, changes over long periods of time, and theories regarding Earth’s history and continental drift. E.ST.M.1 Solar System- The sun is the central and largest body in our solar system. Earth is the third planet from the sun in a system that includes other planets and their moons, as well as smaller objects, such as asteroids and comets.

E.ST.05.11 Design a model that describes the position and relationship of the planets and other objects (comets and asteroids) to the sun. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Our Lives: 570-571

E.ST.M.2 Solar System Motion- Gravity is the force that keeps most objects in the solar system in regular and predictable motion.

E.ST.05.21 Describe the motion of planets and moons in terms of rotation on axis and orbits due to gravity. Scott Foresman Science Stars and Galaxies: 534-537 Earth in Space: 538-543, 556-557, 558-563, 564-569 Technology in Our Lives: 570-571

58 Grade Five


59 Grade Five

E.ST.05.22 Explain moon phases as they relate to the position of the moon in its orbit around the Earth, resulting in the amount of observable reflected light. Scott Foresman Science Stars and Galaxies: 534-537 Earth in Space: 538-543 E.ST.05.23 Recognize that nighttime objects (stars and constellations) and the sun appear to move because the Earth rotates on its axis and orbits the sun. Scott Foresman Science Stars and Galaxies: 534-537 Earth in Space: 538-543 E.ST.05.24 Explain lunar and solar eclipses based on the relative positions of the Earth, moon, and sun, and the orbit of the moon. Scott Foresman Science Stars and Galaxies: 534-537 Earth in Space: 538-543 E.ST.05.25 Explain the tides of the oceans as they relate to the gravitational pull and orbit of the moon. Scott Foresman Science Stars and Galaxies: 534-537 Earth in Space: 538-543



Grade Six

SCIENCE PROCESSES Inquiry Process K-7 Standard S.IP: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and reasoning involves observing, questioning, investigating, recording, and developing solutions to problems. S.IP.M.1 Inquiry involves generating questions, conducting investigations, and developing solutions to problems through reasoning and observation.

S.IP.06.11 Generate scientific questions based on observations, investigations, and research. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Classification: 4 Cells: 26-27, 36 Reproduction: 50-51, 60, 80-81 Body Systems: 92 Plants: 114-115, 124 Biomes: 154-155 S.IP.06.12 Design and conduct scientific investigations. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Ecosystems: 164, 178-179, 188-191, 196 Plate Tectonics: 216-217, 228 Rocks and Minerals: 250-251, 260 Earth’s Resources: 290-291, 300 S.IP.06.13 Use tools and equipment (spring scales, stop watches, meter sticks and tapes, models, hand lens, thermometer, models, sieves, microscopes) appropriate to scientific investigations. Scott Foresman Science Classification: 26-27 Reproduction: 80-81 Body Systems: 92 Ecosystems: 188-191, 196 Earth’s Resources: 300 Climate and Weather: 332-335, 340 Matter: 362-363, 372

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Building Blocks of Matter: 394-395, 404 Forces in Motion: 432-433, 444 Impacts of Technology: 604-607 S.IP.06.14 Use metric measurement devices in an investigation. Scott Foresman Science Climate and Weather: 340 Matter: 362-363, 372 Building Blocks of Matter: 394-395, 404 Forces in Motion: 432-433, 444 Impacts of Technology: 604-607 S.IP.06.15 Construct charts and graphs from data and observations. Scott Foresman Science Classification: 17 Reproduction: 72, 77 Body Systems: 103 Biomes: 146 Ecosystems: 203 Plate Tectonics: 239 Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 269, 273 Climate and Weather: 344 Impacts of Technology: 583 S.IP.06.16 Identify patterns in data. Scott Foresman Science Classification: 17 Reproduction: 72, 77 Body Systems: 103 Biomes: 146 Ecosystems: 203 Plate Tectonics: 239 Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 269, 273 Climate and Weather: 344 Impacts of Technology: 583

Inquiry Analysis and Communication K-7 Standard S.IA: Develop an understanding that scientific inquiry and investigations require analysis and communication of findings, using appropriate technology. S.IA.M.1 Inquiry includes an analysis and presentation of findings that lead to future questions, research, and investigations.

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S.IA.06.11 Analyze information from data tables and graphs to answer scientific questions. Scott Foresman Science Body Systems: 83 Biomes: 139, 153 Rocks and Minerals: 263, 265 Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 267, 277, 293, 381 Forces in Motion: 427, 431 Changing Energy Forms: 485 Thermal and Light Energy: 523, 525, 529 S.IA.06.12 Evaluate data, claims, and personal knowledge through collaborative science discourse. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Climate and Weather: 340 Matter: 362-363, 372 Building Blocks of Matter: 394-395, 404 Forces in Motion: 432-433, 444 Machines: 466-467 Changing Energy Forms: 476, 490-491 S.IA.06.13 Communicate and defend findings of observations and investigations using evidence. Scott Foresman Science Thermal and Light Energy: 515, 527, 529 S.IA.06.14 Draw conclusions from sets of data from multiple trials of a scientific investigation. Scott Foresman Science Classification: 7, 47 Reproduction: 67, 73 Body Systems: 97, 103 Plants: 129 Rocks and Minerals: 247 Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 267, 269, 279, 283, 285 Earth’s Resources: 317, 321 Matter: 375, 385 Forces in Motion: 419 Changing Energy Forms: 479, 493 Earth, Sun, and Moon: 543, 549 The Universe: 557, 559 Impacts of Technology: 583

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S.IA.06.15 Use multiple sources of information to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of claims, arguments, or data. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Thermal and Light Energy: 500-503, 508 Earth, Sun, and Moon: 530-531, 543 The Universe: 562-563, 572 Impacts of Technology: 592-593, 604-607

Reflection and Social Implications K-7 Standard S.RS: Develop an understanding that claims and evidence for their scientific merit should be analyzed. Understand how scientists decide what constitutes scientific knowledge. Develop an understanding of the importance of reflection on scientific knowledge and its application to new situations to better understand the role of science in society and technology. S.RS.M.1 Reflecting on knowledge is the application of scientific knowledge to new and different situations. Reflecting on knowledge requires careful analysis of evidence that guides decision-making and the application of science throughout history and within society.

S.RS.06.11 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of claims, arguments, and data. Scott Foresman Science Classification: 7, 47 Reproduction: 67, 73 Body Systems: 97, 103 Plants: 129 Rocks and Minerals: 247 Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 267, 269, 279, 283, 285 Earth’s Resources: 317, 321 Matter: 375, 385 Forces in Motion: 419 Changing Energy Forms: 479, 493 Earth, Sun, and Moon: 543, 549 The Universe: 557, 559 Impacts of Technology: 583

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S.RS.06.12 Describe limitations in personal and scientific knowledge. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Thermal and Light Energy: 500-503, 508 Earth, Sun, and Moon: 530-531, 543 The Universe: 562-563, 572 Impacts of Technology: 592-593, 604-607 S.RS.06.13 Identify the need for evidence in making scientific decisions. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Climate and Weather: 340 Matter: 362-363, 372 Building Blocks of Matter: 394-395, 404 Forces in Motion: 432-433, 444 Machines: 466-467 Changing Energy Forms: 476, 490-491 S.RS.06.14 Evaluate scientific explanations based on current evidence and scientific principles. Scott Foresman Science Representative pages: Ecosystems: 164, 178-179, 188-191, 196 Plate Tectonics: 216-217, 228 Rocks and Minerals: 250-251, 260 Earth’s Resources: 290-291, 300 S.RS.06.15 Demonstrate scientific concepts through various illustrations, performances, models, exhibits, and activities. Scott Foresman Science Reproduction: 50-51, 54 Body Systems: 84 Plate Tectonics: 216-217 Earth’s Resources: 290-291, 295, 300 Climate and Weather: 327 Matter: 362 Building Blocks of Matter: 398 Earth, Sun, and Moon: 530-531 The Universe: 562-563, 567 Impacts of Technology: 592-593 S.RS.06.16 Design solutions to problems using technology. Scott Foresman Science The Universe: 572-573, 574-577 Impacts of Technology: 578-579, 580-583, 584-587, 588-591, 604-607

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S.RS.06.17 Describe the effect humans and other organisms have on the balance of the natural world. Scott Foresman Science Earth’s Resources: 302-305, 306-313, 314-317, 318-321 S.RS.06.18 Describe what science and technology can and cannot reasonably contribute to society. Scott Foresman Science The Universe: 572-573, 574-577 Impacts of Technology: 578-579, 580-583, 584-587, 588-591 S.RS.06.19 Describe how science and technology have advanced because of the contributions of many people throughout history and across cultures. Scott Foresman Science Technology in Science: Reproduction: 79 Plants: 133, 137 Rocks and Minerals: 245 Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 275, 278, 284 Earth’s Resources: 303, 313 Climate and Weather: 343, 351, 355 Building Blocks of Matter: 390, 417 Machines: 459 Thermal and Light Energy: 515

PHYSICAL SCIENCE Energy K-7 Standard P.EN: Develop an understanding that there are many forms of energy (such as heat, light, sound, and electrical) and that energy is transferable by convection, conduction, or radiation. Understand energy can be in motion, called kinetic; or it can be stored, called potential. Develop an understanding that as temperature increases, more energy is added to a system. Understand nuclear reactions in the sun produce light and heat for the Earth. P.EN.M.1 Kinetic and Potential Energy- Objects and substances in motion have kinetic energy. Objects and substances may have potential energy due to their relative positions in a system. Gravitational, elastic, and chemical energy are all forms of potential energy.

P.EN.06.11 Identify kinetic or potential energy in everyday situations (for example: stretched rubber band, objects in motion, ball on a hill, food energy). Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 444-445, 446-449 Machines: 450-453

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P.EN.06.12 Demonstrate the transformation between potential and kinetic energy in simple mechanical systems (for example: roller coasters, pendulums). Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 444-445, 446-449

P.EN.M.4 Energy Transfer- Energy is transferred from a source to a receiver by radiation, conduction, and convection. When energy is transferred from a source to a receiver, the quantity of energy before the transfer is equal to the quantity of energy after the transfer.

P.EN.06.41 Explain how different forms of energy can be transferred from one place to another by radiation, conduction, or convection. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 444-445, 446-449 Machines: 450-453, 454-457, 458-461, 462-465 P.EN.06.42 Illustrate how energy can be transferred while no energy is lost or gained in the transfer. Scott Foresman Science Forces in Motion: 444-445, 446-449 Machines: 450-453, 454-457, 458-461, 462-465

Changes in Matter K-7 Standard P.CM: Develop an understanding of changes in the state of matter in terms of heating and cooling, and in terms of arrangement and relative motion of atoms and molecules. Understand the differences between physical and chemical changes. Develop an understanding of the conservation of mass. Develop an understanding of products and reactants in a chemical change. P.CM.M.1 Changes in State- Matter changing from state to state can be explained by using models which show that matter is composed of tiny particles in motion. When changes of state occur, the atoms and/or molecules are not changed in structure. When the changes in state occur, mass is conserved because matter is not created or destroyed.

P.CM.06.11 Describe and illustrate changes in state, in terms of the arrangement and relative motion of the atoms or molecules. Scott Foresman Science Matter: 372-377

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P.CM.06.12 Explain how mass is conserved as it changes from state to state in a closed system. Scott Foresman Science Matter: 372-377

LIFE SCIENCE Organization of Living Things K-7 Standard L.OL: Develop an understanding that plants and animals (including humans) have basic requirements for maintaining life which include the need for air, water and a source of energy. Understand that all life forms can be classified as producers, consumers, or decomposers as they are all part of a global food chain where food/energy is supplied by plants which need light to produce food/energy. Develop an understanding that plants and animals can be classified by observable traits and physical characteristics. Understand that all living organisms are composed of cells and they exhibit cell growth and division. Understand that all plants and animals have a definite life cycle, body parts, and systems to perform specific life functions. L.OL.M.5 Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers- All animals, including humans, are consumers that meet their energy by eating other organisms or their products. Consumers break down the structures of the organisms they eat to make the materials they need to grow and function. Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, use dead organisms or their products to meet their energy needs.

L.OL.06.51 Classify organisms (producers, consumers, and decomposers) based on their source of energy for growth and development. Scott Foresman Science Biomes:140-143, 144-147 L.OL.06.52 Distinguish between the ways in which consumers and decomposers obtain energy. Scott Foresman Science Biomes: 140-143, 144-147, 148-153

Ecosystems K-7 Standard L.EC: Develop an understanding of the interdependence of the variety of populations, communities and ecosystems, including those in the Great Lakes region. Develop an understanding of different types of interdependence and that biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors affect the balance of an ecosystem. Understand that all organisms cause changes, some detrimental and others beneficial, in the environment where they live.

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L.EC.M.1 Interactions of Organisms- Organisms of one species form a population. Populations of different organisms interact and form communities. Living communities and nonliving factors that interact with them form ecosystems.

L.EC.06.11 List examples of populations, communities, and ecosystems including the Great Lakes region. Scott Foresman Science Plants: 126-129, 130-135, 136-137 Biomes: 138-139

L.EC.M.2 Relationships of Organisms- Two types of organisms may interact with one another in several ways: They may be in a producer/consumer, predator/prey, or parasite/host relationship. Some organisms may scavenge or decompose another. Relationships may be competitive or mutually beneficial. Some species have become so adapted to each other that neither could survive without the other.

L.EC.06.21 Describe common patterns of relationships between and among populations (competition, parasitism, symbiosis, predator/prey). Scott Foresman Science Biomes: 140-143 L.EC.06.22 Explain how two populations of organisms can be mutually beneficial and how that can lead to interdependency. Scott Foresman Science Biomes: 140-143 L.EC.06.23 Predict how changes in one population might affect other populations based upon their relationships in the food web. Scott Foresman Science Ecosystems: 166-169, 170-173, 174-177

L.EC.M.3 Biotic and Abiotic Factors- The number of organisms and populations an ecosystem can support depends on the biotic (living) resources available and abiotic (nonliving) factors, such as quality of light and water, range of temperatures and soil composition.

L.EC.06.31 Identify the living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components of an ecosystem. Scott Foresman Science Plants: 126-129 L.EC.06.32 Identify the factors in an ecosystem that influence changes in population size. Scott Foresman Science Plants: 126-129, 130-135, 136-137 Biomes: 138-139, 140-143

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L.EC.M.4 Environmental Impact of Organisms- All organisms (including humans) cause change in the environment where they live. Some of the changes are harmful to the organism or other organisms, whereas others are helpful.

L.EC.06.41 Describe how human beings are part of the ecosystem of the Earth and that human activity can purposefully, or accidentally, alter the balance in ecosystems. Scott Foresman Science Biomes: 140-143 L.EC.06.42 Predict possible consequences of overpopulation of organisms, including humans, (for example: species extinction, resource depletion, climate change, pollution). Scott Foresman Science Biomes: 140-143 Ecosystems: 166-169, 170-173

EARTH SCIENCE Solid Earth K-7 Standard E.SE: Develop an understanding of the properties of earth materials and how those properties make materials useful. Understand gradual and rapid changes in earth materials and features of the surface of Earth. Understand magnetic properties of Earth. E.SE.M.1 Soil- Soils consist of weathered rocks and decomposed organic materials from dead plants, animals, and bacteria. Soils are often found in layers with each having a different chemical composition and texture.

E.SE.06.11 Explain how physical and chemical weathering lead to erosion and the formation of soils and sediments. Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 272-275, 276-281 E.SE.06.12 Explain how waves, wind, water, and glacier movement, shape and reshape the land surface of the Earth by eroding rock in some areas and depositing sediments in other areas. Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 266-271, 272-275, 276-281 E.SE.06.13 Describe how soil is a mixture, made up of weather eroded rock and decomposed organic material. Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 282-285, 286-289

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E.SE.06.14 Compare different soil samples based on particle size and texture. Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 282-285, 286-289

E.SE.M.4 Rock Formation- Rocks and rock formations bear evidence of the minerals, materials, temperature/pressure conditions, and forces that created them.

E.SE.06.41 Compare and contrast the formation of rock types (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) and demonstrate the similarities and differences using the rock cycle model. Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 286-289

E.SE.M.5 Plate Tectonics- The lithospheric plates of the Earth constantly move, resulting in major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building.

E.SE.06.51 Explain plate tectonic movement and how the lithospheric plates move centimeters each year. E.SE.06.52 Demonstrate how major geological events (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mountain building) result from these plate motions. Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 266-271 E.SE.06.53 Describe layers of the Earth as a lithosphere (crust and upper mantle), convecting mantle, and dense metallic core. Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 262-265, 266-271

E.SE.M.6 Magnetic Field of Earth- Earth as a whole has a magnetic field that is detectable at the surface with a compass.

E.SE.06.61 Describe the Earth as a magnet and compare the magnetic properties of the Earth to that of a natural or man-made magnet. Scott Foresman Science Can be developed from: Earth, Sun, and Moon: 542-547

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E.SE.06.62 Explain how a compass works using the magnetic field of the Earth, and how a compass is used for navigation on land and sea. Scott Foresman Science Can be developed from: Earth, Sun, and Moon: 542-547

Earth in Space and Time K-7 Standard E.ST: Develop an understanding that the sun is the central and largest body in the solar system and that Earth and other objects in the sky move in a regular and predictable motion around the sun. Understand that those motions explain the day, year, moon phases, eclipses and the appearance of motion of objects across the sky. Understand that gravity is the force that keeps the planets in orbit around the sun and governs motion in the solar system. Develop an understanding that fossils and layers of Earth provide evidence of the history of Earth’s life forms, changes over long periods of time, and theories regarding Earth’s history and continental drift. E.ST.M.3 Fossils- Fossils provide important evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed in a given location.

E.ST.06.31 Explain how rocks and fossils are used to understand the age and geological history of the earth (timelines and relative dating, rock layers). Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 282-285, 286-289

E.ST.M.4 Geologic Time- Earth processes seen today (erosion, mountain building, and glacier movement) make possible the measurement of geologic time through methods such as observing rock sequences and using fossils to correlate the sequences at various locations.

E.ST.06.41 Explain how Earth processes (erosion, mountain building, and glacier movement) are used for the measurement of geologic time through observing rock layers. Scott Foresman Science Rocks and Minerals: 262-265 Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 266-271, 272-275, 276-281 E.ST.06.42 Describe how fossils provide important evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed. Scott Foresman Science Reshaping Earth’s Surface: 282-285, 286-289

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