tcp ip

TCP/IP

TCP/IP Transmission Control

Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Developed by the Defence

Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). 1969

Now the de facto standard for internetwork communications

TCP/IP

PROCESS/APPLICATION

TRANSPORT

INTERNET

NETWORKACCESS

UPPER LAYER

LOWER LAYER

TCP/IP AND OSI LAYER

PROCESS/APPLICATION

TRANSPORT

INTERNET

NETWORKACCESS

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Application

Physical

TCP/IP

PROCESS/APPLICATION

TRANSPORT

INTERNET

NETWORKACCESS

TELNET FTP LPD SNMP TFTP SMTP NFS XWINDOWS

TCP UDP

ICMP ARP RARPIP

ETHERNET FAST ETHERNET TOKEN RINGFDDI

APPLICATION LAYER Telnet File transfer Protocol (FTP) Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) Network File Sharing (NFS) Line Printer Daemon (LPD) X Window Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Domain Name Service (DNS) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) BootP (Bootstrap Protocol)

FTP APPLICATION

Telnet application

SNMP MANAGEMENT SERVICE

TRANSPORT LAYER

Ensure that segment divered will be acknowledged to the sender

Provide for retransmission of any segment that are not acknowledged

Put segment back into their correct sequence at the destination

Provide congestion avoidance and control

TRANSPORT LAYER

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - Connection-Oriented

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - Connection-less

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TCP is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides data transmission

connection is established between both ends before the transfer of information can begin


Flow Control…

PROCESS/APPLICATION

TRANSPORT

Establishing a Connection with a Peer System

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) FLOW CONTROL

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Three way hand shake


Windowing


TCP Sequence and Acknowledgment


TCP SEGMENT FORMAT


Source port – Number of the port that sends data Destination port – Number of the port that receives data Sequence number – Number used to ensure the data

arrives in the correct order Acknowledgment number – Next expected TCP octet HLEN – Number of 32-bit words in the header Reserved – Set to zero Code bits – Control functions, such as setup and termination

of a session Window – Number of octets that the sender will accept Checksum – Calculated checksum of the header and data

fields Urgent pointer – Indicates the end of the urgent data Option – One option currently defined, maximum TCP

segment size Data – Upper-layer protocol data

The following protocols use TCP: - FTP - HTTP - SMTP - Telnet - ICMP


USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL (UDP)

UDP is a simple protocol that exchanges datagrams without guaranteed delivery

UDP does not use windows or ACKs

UDP is designed for applications that do not need to put sequences of segments together


UDP SEGMENT


Source port – Number of the port that sends data

Destination port – Number of the port that receives data

Length – Number of bytes in header and data

Checksum – Calculated checksum of the header and data fields

Data – Upper-layer protocol data


The following protocols use UDP:

- TFTP - SNMP - DHCP - DNS

TRANSPORT LAYER

INTERNET LAYER

IP (Internet Protocol) ARP/RARP (Address Resolution

Protocol)/(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol )

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol )

IP (Internet Protocol)

IP Public

IP Private


IP Public


IP Private

Class A 10.0.0 – 10.255.255.255Class B 172.16.0.0 –

172.31.255.255Class C 192.168.0.0 –

192.168.255.255

ARP/RARP

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

RARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

NETWORK ACCESS LAYER

FDDI ETHERNET FAST ETHERNET FRAME RELAY

192.168.30.0/24

255.255.255.0 1111111.11111111.1111111.11000000

1= network ID0= HOST

NO IP RANGE

NETWORK ID BROADCAST

0 1-62 0 63

1 65-126 64 127

2 129-190 128 191

3 192-254 192 255

Network 1 Network 2

/24/26

255.255.255.192

192.168.20.0/24KEBUTUHAN 5 NETWORK

1. 1. 1. 0. 0.0.0.0128.64.32.16.8.4.2.0

/27

255.255.255.224

NO IP RANGE

NETWORK ID BROADCAST

0 1-30 0 31

1 33-62 32 63

2 65-94 64 95

3 97-126 96 127

4 129-158 128 159

5 161-190 160 191

6 193-222 192 223

7 225-254 224 255

tcp ip

Internet

simple protocol

data transmission connection

data sequence number

data destination port

expected tcp octet hlen

ftp application

telnet application

acks udp