day 14 tcp/ip fundamental- tcp/ip model, ip addressing tcp/ip configuration

46
Day 14 TCP/IP Fundamental- TCP/IP Model, IP Addressing TCP/IP Configuration

Upload: ida

Post on 23-Feb-2016

166 views

Category:

Documents


14 download

DESCRIPTION

Day 14 TCP/IP Fundamental- TCP/IP Model, IP Addressing TCP/IP Configuration. The TCP/IP Model. Internet Protocol Address. Defined By IANA [Internet Assigned Number Authority] in 1970. IP Address is a Logical Address and it is a unique address. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

TRANSCRIPT

Day 14 TCP/IP Fundamental- TCP/IP Model, IP Addressing TCP/IP Configuration

Day 14TCP/IP Fundamental- TCP/IP Model, IP Addressing TCP/IP ConfigurationThe TCP/IP Model

Internet Protocol Address.

Defined By IANA [Internet Assigned Number Authority] in 1970.IP Address is a Logical Address and it is a unique address.

Using IP address of a destination network a router can deliver A PACKET TO THE CORRECT NETWORK.

TheInternet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) manages the IP address space allocations globally and delegates fiveregional Internet registries(RIRs) to allocate IP address blocks tolocal Internet registries(Internet service providers) and other entities.IPV -4.

Two Versions:IPV -6.IP is an Internet protocol address.

IP address is a 32 bits and four parts of 8 bit each.section called as a octect octect are usually represented in a decimal notation.and can represented a value range from a 0 to 255.

IP address have a two parts Net ID:- Represent the network.

host id :-represent the particular computer which is on that network.

Used an IP layer of TCP/IP model

Types Of Ip Addressess1] Private IP Address.2] Public IP AddressPrivate address range:-

CLASS A :- 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255.

CLASS B :-172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255.

CLASS C :- 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255.

Classess OF IP Address

Ip address have a 5 classess.

1] Class A:- Class A is used for a very large network.ex:- WWW

Class A network uses the first octect of the IP address as the network identrifier.

Range:- 1-126.

NHHH2] Class B:-

Class B is used for a moderate network.

Class B network uses the first two octect of IP address as the network identifier.

Range:-128-191

NNHH3] class C:-

Class c is used for a small network.

Class c is used first three octect of IP address as the network identifier.

Range :- 192-223.

NNNH4] Class D:-

Class D is used for a broadcasting and a multicasting.

Range:- 224-239.

5] Class E:-

Class E is reserved for a research purpose.

Range:-240-255

Loop-Back Addresss The 127.0.0.0 class 'A' subnet is used for special local addresses, most commonly the loopback address 127.0.0.1.

This address is used to test the localnetworkinterface device's functionality.

Allnetworkinterface devices should respond to this address from the command line of the local host.

If you ping 127.0.0.1 from the local host, you can be assured that the network hardware is functioning and that the network software is also functioning.BROADCAST ADDRESS

A broadcast address is an address where all host bits in theIP addressare set to one (1).

This address is the last address in the range of addresses, and is the address whose host portion is set to all ones.

All hosts are to accept and respond to the broadcast address. This makes special services possible.

Subnet-Mask Subnet-Mask is used to calculate which part of ip address is network part,

and which part of IP Address is Host part.

A Subnet mask is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP address into network address and host address.

Subnet Mask is made by setting network bits to all "1"s and setting host bits to all "0"s.

Within a given network, two host addresses are reserved for special purpose.

The "0" address is assigned a network address and "255" is assigned to a broadcast address, and they cannot be assigned to a host.Each class address has its own default network mask:-

Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B 255.255.0.0.

Class C 255.255.255.0

When coverted to binary the default network mask are represented like this:-

Class A 11111111.00000000.00000000.0000000

Class B 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

Class C 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000.

Network ID and Host ID

NoteMillions of class A addresses are wasted.

Many class B addresses are wasted.

Note:

The number of addresses in class C is smaller than the needs of most organizations.

Note:

Example 1

Given the network address 17.0.0.0, find the class, the block, and the range of the addresses.

Solution

The class is A because the first byte is between 1 and 126. The block has a netid of 17. The addresses range from 17.0.0.0 to 17.255.255.255.

Example 2Given the network address 220.34.76.0, find the class, the block, and the range of the addresses.SolutionThe class is C because the first byte is between 192 and 223. The block has a netid of 220.34.76. The addresses range from 220.34.76.0 to 220.34.76.255

Example 3Given the network address 132.21.0.0, find the class, the block, and the range of the addressesSolution

The class is B because the first byte is between 128 and 191. The block has a netid of 132.21. The addresses range from 132.21.0.0 to 132.21.255.255.

Example 4Given the address 23.56.7.91, find the beginning address (network address/nw ID).Solution

The default mask is 255.0.0.0, which means that only the first byte is preserved and the other 3 bytes are set to 0s. The network address is 23.0.0.0.Given the address 132.6.17.85, find the beginning address (network address).Solution:-

The default mask is 255.255.0.0, which means that the first 2 bytes are preserved and the other 2 bytes are set to 0s. The network address is 132.6.0.0.

Example :5

Given the address 201.180.56.5, find the beginning address (network address).Example :5

Solution

The default mask is 255.255.255.0, which means that the first 3 bytes are preserved and the last byte is set to 0. The network address is 201.180.56.0.

ClassIp addresses rangeHost Addressess Range SupportsClass A10.0.0.0 To 10.255.255.255Supports 16 ,777,216 million hosts.Class B172.16.0.0 To 172.31.255.255Supports 65,536 hosts .Class C192.168.0.0 To 192.168.255.255.Supports 256 hosts .Class DNot Applicable.Reserved for multicast groups.Class ENot Applicable.Reserved for future use, or Research and Development Purposes.The address space of IPv4 is232 or 4,294,967,296.

Note

NoteIP V-6.Address size moved from 32-Bits (IPv4) To 128 Bits (IPv6).IPv6 Is a unique Address.

Ipv6 is an Hexadecimal formatIPv6 is an 128-Bits /8 Octect / Per Octect 16 Bits.The address space of IPv6 is2128 or 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,770,000,000.

NoteTo make addresses more managable devided into 8 groups of

4 Hex characters Each.Ex:- 2001:0050:0000:0000:0000:0AB4:1E2B:98AA Rule 2:- Drop Leading Zeros.

2001:50::AB4:1E2B:98AA Rule1:- Eliminate groups of consecutive Zeros.

2001:0050::0AB4:1E2B:98AA.IP v6 :- 2001:50::AB4:1E2B:98AA Types Of Communication Unicast :- One To One. Multicast :- One To Many. Anycast :- One To ClosestTypes Of Addresses1] Link Local Scope Address : Layer 2 Domain.

2] Unique/Site-Local Scope Address: Organization.

3] Global Scope Address : Internet.1] Link Local Scope Address : Layer 2 Domain. Assigned automatically as an Ipv6 Host comes online.

Similar to the 192.168.10.1 address of Ipv4.

Always begin with FE80

First 64 Bits is :- FE80:0000:0000:0000.

Last 64 Bits is :- 48 Bits MAC Address and 16 bits

for FFFE Squeezed in the Middle. 2] Unique/Site-Local Scope Address: Organization.The purpose of this address has been argued extensively.

Used within enterprises networks to identify the boundry of their network.

Used the following format.

1111 110[L] Global ID Subnet IDInterface ID 40-Bits16 Bits64-BitsCurrently the site local addresses begins with FD00::/8Here is a unique private IPv6 address range generated just for you (refresh page to get another one):

Prefix/L:fd.

Global ID:c0392871c7.

SubnetID:315b

Combined/CID:fdc0:3928:71c7:315b::/64.

IPv6 addresses:fdc0:3928:71c7:315b:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx

Global routing prefix is 48 bits or less.

Subnet ID is comprised of whatever bits are left over after global routing prefix.

The primary addresses expected to comprise the IPV6 Internet

Are from the 2001::16 /16.Configuring IPV6 AddressIn global configuration Mode:-R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing.

R1(config)#interface .

R1(config)#ipv6 address

R1(config)#ipv6 enable.

R1(config)#no shutdown.

R1(config)#exitConfiguring IPV6 AddressIn global configuration Mode:-

R1(config)#ipv6 unicast routing.

R1(config)#interface se 0/0/0

R1(config)#ipv6 address 2001:210:10:1::1/64.

R1(config)#ipv6 enable

R1(config)#exit

R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

R1(config)#ipv6 address fe80:1111::1/32

R1(config)#ipv6 enable

R1(config)#exit.

R1#show ipv6 interface brief.

R2(config)#ipv6 unicast routing.

R2(config)#interface se 0/0/0

R2(config)#ipv6 address 2001:210:10:1::2/64.

R2(config)#ipv6 enable

R2(config)#exit.R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

R1(config)#ipv6 address fe80:1111::2/32R2(config)#ipv6 enable

R2(config)#exit.

Verification Commands :-

R1 #show ipv6 interface brief.

R1#show ipv6 .

R1# show ipv6 route

IPV6 routing Protocol.In addition to static routing nearly every routing protocol has been updated to support IPv61] RIPng.

2]OSPFv3.

3]EIGRP for IPv6.

4]IS-IS for IPv6.

5]MP-BGP4 [Multiprotocol BGP]