tcp glossary

7/29/2019 Tcp Glossary

1/22

3 12 DiskA d isk that m easures 3 12 ac ross and com es in arigid plast ic case. In the Macintosh such diskscomes in three s izes : 400K, 800K and 1.4 Mb.Ear lie r m od els o f the M ac used s ing le-sided40 0K d isks; la ter m od els used do ub le-sided800 R; and the new est m ode l s can takeadvantage of the h igh-dens i ty 1 .4 M b versions .

56KB Line

A d ig i ta l phone- l ine connec t ion ( leased l ine)capable o f carrying 56 ,00 0 b i ts-per-second .At th is speed, a M egabyte w i l l take abou t threem inu tes to t ran sfer. This is four t im es as fast as a1 4 ,4 0 0 b p s m o d e m .See: Bandw idth.

4 / 0 , 4 / 1 , 4 / 4Trade des ignat ions for a pr in ted p iece wi th fourco lou rs on o ne s i de and no p r i n t i ng, one co l ou rp r i n t and fou r co l ou r p r i n t i ng on the backrespec t i ve ly . Pron ou nced four over zero, four

ove r one and fou r ove r f ou r .

AcetateAn Acetate sheet is a high qual i ty ,c lear/ t ransparen t sheet of p last ic . Acetate isused for overhead t ransparency pr in t ing or thep lann ing o f fi lm . I t can a lso b e re ferred to asM y lar and c lear layout b ase.

Achrom atic ColourA scanning procedure reproduc ing co lour wi thon ly two process co lours and b lack in any areao f t he rep rodu c ti on .See: GCR.

ACS-(Address Change Service)An automated process that prov ides change-of -add ress in fo rm a t ion to m a il e rs wh o m a in ta i ncom pu ter ised m ai l ing l i sts . The in fo rm at ion i scap tu red i n the Com pute r i sed Fo rward i ngSystem (CFS) un i ts and sent to m ai lers on

e lect ron ic m edia to e l im inate m anual processingo f change i n fo rm a t ion .The cos t i s less than m anual n ot i ces.

AD N(Advanced Dig i ta l Network)

Alert BoxA box that app ears on the screen th at repor ts anerror condi t ion or g ives a warn ing aboutsom eth ing. The com pu ter usual l y sound s a beepwhen th i s k i nd o f w indow appears .

Anonymous FTPSee: FTP

AP R

Auto m atic Picture Replacem ent is Sci tex simp lemen ta t ion o f t he p rocess i n w h i ch a low -reso lu t ion im age is autom at ica l ly rep laced b ythe h igh-reso lu t ion version o f the im age.See: DCS and OPI.

ArchieA too l (sof tware) for find ing fi les s tored onanon ym ou s FTP si tes. You n eed to kn ow theexact fi le n am e or a sub-s t r ing o f i t .

Archive

To save data fi les f rom a com pu ter system forlater retr ieval . Archive fi les are of ten co m pressedto m ax im ise s torage space.

ArtworkThis is the High Resolut ion, accurate, finisheddesk top p ub l i sh ing m ater ia l i tse l f , w h ich i s readyfor pr in t or Screen. It con ta ins the rea l im agesand w ords p roper l y p repared acco rd ing to themethod o f pub l i ca t i on .

AscenderThat par t o f the le t ter w hich r i ses above the

m a in b ody , as i n b .

ASCII(Am er ican Standard Code for In form at ionIn terchange) . The de fac to wor ld-wide s tandardfo r t he code num bers used by com pu te rs torepresent a l l the u pp er- and lo w er-case Lat inlet ters, nu m be rs, pu nctu at ion , etc. There are12 8 s tandard ASCII cod es each of w hich can berepresented by a 7-d ig i t b inary nu m ber:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .

Aspect RatioAs appl ied to a do cum ent , the length d iv idedby the h e igh t .

Auth ors Alterat ions (AAs)Correc t ion s m ade in proo fs (not pr in ters errors)chargeable to the pu bl i sher or autho r .

a

Glossaryof dtp & printing [email protected]

You m ay com e across these term s again and again.Here are som e quick defi ni t ions to help you wa l k the wa l k an d ta l k th e ta l k .


2/22

BackboneA h igh-speed l ine o r ser ies o f con nec t ions thatfo rms a ma jo r pa thway w i th i n a ne twork .The term is re la ti ve as a backbon e in a sm al lne tw ork w i ll l ike ly be m uch sm a l le r t han m anynon -backbone l ines i n a l a rge ne tw ork .

Backing UpPrint ing the reverse s ide of a sheet al readypr i n ted on o ne s ide .

Back UpA cop y o f a do cum ent or app l i ca t ion locatedsom e p l ace o the r t han the l ocat i on o f t heor ig ina l . To b ack up you r hard dr i ve m eans tocopy i ts con tents on to som e oth er dr i ve e .g . CD,rem ovable hard d isk (z ip , jaz, opt i ca l) o r DATtape as a form of en sur ing yourse lf aga ins tlos ing you r in form at ion.

B a n d w i d t hHow m uch stu f f you can send th rough aconn ect ion. Usual ly m easured in bi ts-per-second .A ful l page of Engl ish text is about 16,000 bi ts .A fast m odem can m ove abou t 15 ,000 b i t s i none second. Fu l l -mo t ion fu l l -sc reen v ideo w ou ldrequi re roughly 10 ,000 ,000 b i ts-per-second,depend ing on comp ressi on .See: Bit

BBS(Bu l le t in Board System ) A com pu ter isedm ee t ing and annou ncem ent system tha t al low speo ple to carry on d iscussions , up load an dd o w n l o a d fi l e s, an d m a k e an n o u n ce m e n t sw i thou t t he peop le be ing conn ec ted to the

com pute r a t t he sam e t ime . There a re m anytho usands (m i l li ons?) o f BBSs aroun d the w or ld .M ost are very sm al l, run n ing o n a s ing le IBMc lon e PC w i th 1 o r 2 ph on e l ines. Som e are verylarge and the l ine b etw een a BBS and a systeml ike Com pu Serve gets crossed at som e po in t ,bu t i t i s no t c lear ly draw n.

BC-(Barcode)A series of vert ical bars and hal f bars thatrepresents the correct produ c t in form at ion/ pr iceon an i tem . Each num er ic d ig i t i s represented by

a com b ina t i on o f ba rs.

BCR-(Barcode Reader)A com po nen t in cer ta in m ai l processingequ ipm en t t ha t reads and i n te rp re ts the ba rcodeprev ious ly app l ied to an i tem .

Binary Digi tThe sm al lest un i t o f in form at ion a m achine can

h o l d .

Binhex(B lNary HEXadec im al ) A meth od for conver t ingnon-text fi les (non-ASCII) into ASCII . This isneed ed because In ternet e-m ai l can on ly handleASCII.See: ASCII.

Bit - (Binary Digi t )A sing le-d ig it nu m ber in base-2, in o th er w ords ,e i ther a 1 o r a zero. The sm al les t un i t o fcomputer ised data . Bandwidth i s usual l y

m easured in b i ts-per-second .See: Bandwidth, Byte, Ki lobyte, and Megabyte.

Bi tmapBi tm ap im ages are mad e f rom a ser ies o f sm al ldo ts or b i ts . B i tm ap im ages usual l y have a fi len a m e e xt e n si o n o f b m p .

Bitmapped CharacterA le t ter or character m ade o f p ixe ls.See: Pixel.

Bitmapped FontA fon t o r t ype face com posed o f b i tm appedcharacters-also cal led screen fo nts.

Black Plate ChangeChanging the b lack p la te on a process pr in t ingpress, black text and headl ines are easi lychanges wi thout a f fec t ing the co lour .

BlanketIn of fset pr int ing, a rubber-surfaced fabricc lam ped aroun d a cyl inder . The im age ist ransferred to the b lanket f rom the cy l ind er , andf rom the re to paper .

Bleed, Ful l Blee dPr in ted co lours , which run a l l the way to theedge o f a sheet , are re ferred to as b leed s . Som eprinters charge extra for bleeds s ince theyrequi re the p r in ted im age to ac tua l ly be s light l ylarger than the fin a l t r im s ize ( thereby us ingm ore p aper - SRA pap er s izes) .

Bond PaperA g rade o f w r it i ng o r p r i n t ing paper w here

s t rength, du rab i l ity , and per form ance areessent ia l requ i rem ents ; for le t terheads , bus inessform s, etc.

b

2



3/22

Book PaperA genera l term for coated and u ncoated p apers .

BP M(Boun d P r in ted M a t ter )

BrightnessIn pap er , the reflec tance or b r i ll i ance o f th epaper .

BrowserA cl ient program ( sof tware) th at i s used to lookat various k inds of Internet resources.See: Client, URL, WW W

Bullet in Board System (BBS)Electron ic serv ices and foru m s that yo u canconnec t you r com pu te r t o i f you have a mo dem .You can commun i ca te w i th o the r members o fthe BBS (E-m ai l ) and cop y fi les form i ts l i b rary -w hich i s ca lled do w nload ing. Am er ica On-L ine,AppleL ink and Com pu serve are a l l BBS.

BundleA group o f packages secured togeth er in to as ing le p iece or un i t under the s tandardsappl i cab le to the ra te cla imed .

See: also Package.

BurnIn p la tem ak ing, a term u sed for p la te expo sure.To Burn a CD i s to p erm anent ly save data to aCom pact Disc .

ButtonA graph ic im age of the w ords OK, Cancel ,Yes, N o o r som eth ing s im i lar , surround ed bya round ed-corner bord er , or a graphic im ageact ivated by c l ick ing i t .

ByteA uni t o f d ig i ta l in form at ion u suall y con s is t ing o fe ight b i ts represent ing on e charac ter-a le t ter ,com m a, or nu m ber. The capac i ty o f s toragem edia, such as flopp y and h ard d isks, ism easured in th ou sand s of by tes-or k i loby tes-andin m i l li ons o f b y tes-m egabytes; even b i l l ion s o fbytes-gigabytes.

CaliperThickness of paper.

Cam era ReadyThis i s ar twork or prepared desk top publ i sh ing

m ater ia l that i s ready for p r in t ing. Camera-readyar two rk is ph oto graphed and a spec ia l m eta lpr in t ing p la te i s c reated fo r the pr in t ing p ress .

Cast CoatingCoated pap er dr ied un der pressure against apo l i shed cyl inder to p rodu ce a h igh-g lossenam e l fin i sh .

CD (CD ROM )(Com pac t D isc ) . A Sto rage m ed ium w h i ch ho ldsabou t 65 0M b o f da ta . Can be u sed fo rRaw Data, Aud io , Pho tographs , Video andM ul t im edia app l i ca t ion s . Current l y there are twovers ions avai lable CDR (CD ROM) - this is a

WORM (Wr i te Once Read M any) . Once c reated,th i s p rodu c t i s a pe rm anen t un re -w r it ab l em edium . There i s also CDRW w hich i s are-wr i tab le vers ion which in theory can bere-wr i t ten indefinate ly , but in prac t i ce up to40 t im es w i th guaranteed in tegr ity .

Check BoxA bal lo t box t ied to spec ific opt ions dependingon which window i t appears in . You ac t i vate thecheck box b y c li cking o nce ins ide i t .

ChromaPure co lour wi th no whi te or grey tones-a lsoca l led hue.

CIE LabSystem of d escr ib ing co lou rs accord in g to thethree characteris t ics of hue, l ightness, andsaturat ion. Hu e re fers to the co lo ur l i ghtnessor d arkness and saturat ion to i ts den s ity .

ClientA sof tw are program th at i s used to con tac t andob ta in data from a Server sof tware program on

anoth er com pu ter , o f ten across a great d istance.Each Cl ient program is des igned to w ork w i thon e or m ore spec ific k ind s o f Server program s,and each Server requires a specific k ind ofCl ient. See: Server.

ClipboardA par t o f t he com pu te r s m em ory designa ted asa tem po rary ho ld ing area for text and graph ics .The Cl ipboard h o lds jus t a sing le i tem at a t ime( th ou gh i t can b e a very large i tem ). Eachsuccessive i tem copied to the c l ipbo ardd isp laces the prev ious i tem .

Clippin g PathFor use in cut t ing ou t p ic tures f rom the i rbackground Th is i s a m etho d of cut t ing outp i c tu res and i s em bedded w i th i n Pho to shop EPSfiles.

c

3



4/22

CloningA CEPS techniqu e to exchange p ixe ls f rom on e

area of a p ic ture to anoth er . Examp le: a w indo wm ay be rem oved f rom a b r ic k bu i ld i ng i f onearea of the b r ick w al l is p laced in that area o fthe p ic ture . Using th is techn ique, b lem ishes canbe rem oved and ob jects can be add ed to thereprod uc t ion. Som e m anufac turers ca ll th isfunc t ion p ixe l swapping.

C M Y KAbbrev ia t ion for Cyan, M agenta, Ye l l ow and Key(b lack) , the fou r process co lours .

Coated StockTo enh ance qual i ty and p r in tab i l i ty m ost paperused in fu l l co lou r pr in t ing i s coated . Th iscoa ti ng a ll ow s the paper to be p r i n ted w i thou ts ign ificant ink absorpt ion . Th is lack o f absorpt ionassures that the in k do esn t run or spread andcause blurr iness or lack of contrast.

Colour Balan ceThe am oun t o f t h e th ree co l ou ran ts (cyan ,m agen ta and ye ll ow ) tha t w i ll p roduce a p i ctu rew i th the desi red co l ou r and w i thou t anunwanted co lour cas t or co lour b ias .

Colour BarsThe co lou r s t rip o n p roofs that i s used as agu ide fo r the p r i n te r in de te rm in i ng the am oun t ,f o rmu la and d ens it y o f ink needed .

Colou r CastAppearance o r tend ency o f a co lour , i .e . b lu ishred, pink ish blue, etc.

Colour CorrectionThe reduc t i on o f som e o f t he co l ou ran t i n anarea to compensate for the hue error inherent ina set of colourants. Process colour inks are notpu re co l ou rs; bu t con tam ina ted b y the o the r tw ocolours , hav ing a hu e error that requ i rescom pen sat ion in separate images.

Colour Scann erElec tron ic p iece o f equ ipm ent u t i l i sing laser oro th er h igh in tens i ty l i ght to m ake co lou rseparat ion negat ives f rom reflec t i ve p r in ts ortransparencies.

Colour Separation

Electronical ly separat ing a picture using the fourco lour p rocess to m ake negat ives and p la tes forco lour p r in t ing. Fu l l co lour im ages requ i re fou rseparat ions : cyan, m agenta, ye l low and b lack(CM YK), or separat ing an im age in to i ts spo tco lours ( red,orange PM S18 5 etc )

Com b BindingPlast i c com b b ind ing i s inser ted throu gh a ho le-

punched s tack .

C o m m a n dAn i nst ruct i on you g i ve to m ake the com pu te rd o so m e t h in g .

Common FocusIn gang separat ing, a l l pho tos w i l l be en larged orreduced by the same amoun t .

Com posi te ProofsAl l e lem ents o f an im age arranged as spec ifiedon the key l ine. Elec t ron ical l y prod uced in tw o

form s: Sof t Copy , v iew ed on m on i tor ; and H ardCopy , on paper o r fi lm .

CompressionSqu eez ing redun dant d ata from an e lec t ron ic fi leto take up less storage space and lessprocessing and t ransm iss ion t im e. The tw om ajor m etho ds are s ta t i st i ca l (cal led Huf fm ancoding) or d ict ionary -based ( ca lled LZW fordeve lopers Lem pel , Ziv and Welch) . Mic rosof t6 .0 has a com pression u t i l i t y bu i l t i n to i t . Stu f f i tand Stacker are exam ples o f a com pression

ut i l i t y program .

Conta ct Prin tPho tog raph i c p r i n t m ade f rom a nega t ive o rpo s it i ve in contac t w i th sens it i sed p aper , fi lm orpr in t ing p la te .

Continuous ToneThe fo rm an ana logue o r fi lm -based ph o tog raphtakes before be ing broken in to d isc re te ha l f tonedots for pr in t ing.

CopyA com m and i n the Ed i t m enu tha t p l aces these lected m a te ri a l on the C l ipbo ard -w i thou trem ov ing i t from i ts or ig ina l locat ion .

CoverageAm ou nt o f ink on a page or sheet , usua l l y g ivenin percentages.

C typ eA co lou r ph o tog raph i c p r i n t on p aper wh i ch i ssensi t ive to al l colours of l ight. I t is exposed froma co lour n egat ive.

Cromal inDu Pont s proofing sys tem in both pos i t i ve andnegat ive form s.

4



5/22

Crop m arksCrop m arks show w here a page , pho to o r

t ransparency i s to b e cut . Crop m arks determ inewhich sec t ion o f a photo or t ransparency shouldbe rep roduced w hen o n l y pa rt o f t he o r i g ina lim age is des i red.

CropTo e l im ina te po r t i ons o f copy o r a ph o tog raph .On a key l ine c ropm arks i nd i ca te amo un t o ft ri m m i n g n e e d ed .

CrossoverA co lour reproduc t ion that ex tends across twofacing pages in a bo ok o r m agazine and c rosses

over the b i nd i ng .

CursorThe a r row o r o the r shape tha t mo ves w hen youm o v e t h e m o u s e.

CyanOne of the three subt rac t i ve pr imary co loursused in p rocess pr in t ing. I t i s a lso kn ow n asprocess blue.

Cyberspace

Term or ig inated by author Wi l l i am Gibson in h isnove l Neuromancer , the word Cyberspace iscurrent l y used to descr ibe the whole range ofin form at ion resources ava ilab le throu ghcompute r ne tworks .

DARDig i ta l Ar tw ork and Reprographics.

D CSDesktop Colou r Separat ion, a proceduredeveloped by Quark for the separat ion o f tex t ,graphics, etc. into the c lassic four-colour processpr in t ing.

D P IDo ts per Inch. Com pu ter based im ageset terscreate fi lm w i th do t pat terns . These dot d ens i t iesare descr ibed as do ts per inch .

Defau l t

A set t ing o r pre-set va lue a com pu ter sys temstar ts wi th-u nt i l you chan ge i t .

DensityThe opac i ty o f the ink or image.

DescenderThat par t o f a le t ter which ex tends be low the

m a in b ody , as i n p .

DeselectTo un -se lec t a fo lder , docum ent , image, or textby c li ck i ng once som ew here o f f t he i t em o rpage.

Desk AccessoriesSm al l app l icat ions for special funct io ns that area lw ays ava il ab le un der the app le m enu nom at ter wh a t o the r p rog ram you m ay be us ing a tt h e t im e .

DesktopThe w ork ing envi ronm ent o f the PC/ M acin toshcompute r .

Detai l Enhan cem entThe techn ique of exaggerat ing p ic ture im ageedges wi th u nsharp m ask ing or peak ing. Theobserver can easi ly see the detai l of the originali n t he fi na l rep rodu c ti on .

Dialog BoxA box wi th a square-cornered border ask ing you

to m ake a cho ice. Dia log bo xes can have regu larbu t ton s, pop -up bu t ton s and ba l l o t boxes ins idet h e m .

Digital Soft ProofColour v ideo moni tor d isp lay o f p ic ture fi le , datafi le or tex t fi le .

D i m m e dThe g rey-ou t appearance o f a m enu , com m andor op t i on no t ava il ab le to you a t t he t ime .

Dingbat or W ingdingTerm used to descr i be an o rnam en ta l symb o lind icat ing the end of an ar t i c le .

Direct Digital Colour Proof(DD CP) Proof m ade d i rec t ly from s tored data fi leonto a substrate, us ing a peripheral device suchas a pho tographic exposure, do t m at r i x pr in tero r i nk j e t p r i n te r w i thou t p rodu c ing i n te rmed iatefi l m s .

Direct ScreenMetho d o f co l ou r separat i ng w h i ch adds do ts at

the same t ime the t ransparency i s be ingphotographica l l y separated in to the four co lours .

DirectoryThe l i s t o f the con tents o f a fo lder o r a d isk .You can lo ok at th is l is t in several w ays; e.g. as

d

5



6/22

an a lph abet ised l i s t , by date w i th the last i temyou worked on fi rs t on the l i s t , e tc .

DiskCircu lar shaped genera l ly p las t ic m ater ia l w i th acoat ing o f mater ia l that can be m agnet ised oni ts surface. On th is surface, w hich is s im i lar tothe same type of m ater ia l in an aud io or v ideotape, in form at ion can be recorded -or saved-aspa t te rns o f m agne t ism .

DocumentThe en t i t y you c rea te wh en you save w henw ork i ng w i th i n an app l i ca t ion p rog ram .

D o m a i n N a m eThe un ique n am e that ident i fies an In ternet s i te .Doma in Names a lways have two o r moreparts,separated by dots. The part on the lef t isthe m ost spec ific , and th e par t on th e r ight i sthe m os t genera l .A gi ven m ach ine m ay have mo re than oneD o m a in N a m e b u t a g ive n D o m a in N a m e p o i n t sto o n ly on e m achine. Usual ly , a l l o f them ach ines on a g i ven n e tw ork w i ll have thesam e th ing as the r ight -hand p or t ion o f the i rD o m a in N a m e se.g., gatew ay.gbnetw ork .com ,m a il .g b n e t w o r k .co m , w w w .g b n e tw o r k .c o m m a n d ,so on. I t is also p ossib le for a Dom ain Nam e toex is t but not be connec ted to an ac tua lm achine. Th is is o f ten don e so that a group orbu s iness can h ave an In ternet e-m ai l add ressw i thou t hav ing to es tab l i sh a rea l In ternet s i te .In these cases, som e rea l In ternet m achine m usthand le the m a i l on beha l f o f t he l isted Dom a inN a m e .See: IP Number

Dot Area

Size o f th e do t i s ind icated b y the p ercentage ofthe a rea it occup ies from ze ro to o ne h und redpercent .

Dot EtchingApply ing chem icals by han d to negat ives forinc reas ing d ot s ize w hich add s co lou r , or topo s it i ves for d ecreas ing do t s ize w hich sub t ractsco lour .

Dot GainThe inc rease in the p r in t ing do t s ize from thehal f tone fi lm to the p r in ted subs t ra te , resu l t ingin darker ton es .

Double-Black DuotonesThis process requ i res two fi lm s and tw o p la tes.Both p la tes are inked w i th b lack for the m ostcontrast.

Double BurnUt i l is ing tw o ( or m ore) n egat ives to expo se an

im age on a p la te or pos i t i ve pr in t .

Double-cl ickThe shor thand way to open a fo lder , app l i ca t ionor do cum ent . You d ou ble-c li ck by p lacing thecu rso r ove r t he icon (o f t he docum ent ,app l i ca t ion , e tc .) an d q u ick ly press the m ou seb u t t o n t w i ce -w i th o u t m o v in g t h e m o u s e.

Drag or GrabThe w ay you m ove icon s and o ther ob jec ts inMac in tosh windows. P lace the cursor over thei con , p ress and ho ld dow n the m ouse bu t ton ,

and m ove the m ouse . When th e ob jec t is atyour in tend ed locat ion, you re lease the m ou seb u t t o n .

Dri l l ingHoles for two, three or four r ing b ind ing aredr i l l ed, ra ther than p un ched. The s tandard h o lepun ch used i n m os t o f fi ces can on l y punch afew sheets a t a t im e. How ever , a spec ial i seddr i ll ing m ach ine pe r fo rm s the sam e func t ion onup to 1 00 0 sheets in a sing le pass .

DriverA sof tw are program th at d i rects the op erat ion o fa dev ice ou ts ide the com pu ter . To o perate ascanner o r a pr in ter , the cont ro l l i ng sof twarep rog ram m us t resi de i n the m ach ine .

Drop-OutTechniqu e that can g ive a m ediocre pho togreater cont ras t by pho tographica l ly rem ov ingsom e do ts to c reate h igh l ights , show ing theac tua l whi te o f the paper .Drop- in Colour : Changing the co lour o f theor ig ina l li ne draw ing or tex t (usual l y b lack) to anew co lour i s som et im es re ferred to as a Drop -in Colour . Mo st o f ten used to c reate tex t andbackground co lours .

D u m m yA pre lim inary layou t sho w ing the pos i t ion o fi l lus t rat ions and tex t as they are to appear in thefin al reprod uc t ion. A set o f b lank p ages m ade upin advance to show s ize, shape, form andgenera l sty le o f a p iece o f p r in t ing.

Duotone

Tw o fi lm s m ade by changing the screen anglefor each. One p la te i s m ade for each fi lm . Aduo tone i s p r i n ted i n two co l ou rs bu t bo thp la tes can be used for the same co lour ink form ax im um cont ras t. When us ing b lack ink th is isca lled a d ou ble b lack .

6



7/22

DVD( D ig i ta l Versati le D isk or D igi tal Vi deo D isc). This

m edium is s im i lar to CD except that it ho ld s upto seven t im es mo re da ta.

FAQ(Frequent ly Asked Quest ions) FAQs aredocum ents tha t l ist and answer the m os tcom m on qu es tions on a p ar t icu lar sub jec t . Thereare hundreds of FAQs on subjects as diverse as

Pet Groom ing and Cryptography .

FDDI(F ibre D ist r ibuted Data In ter face) A s tandard fort ransmi t t ing d ata on op t i ca l fibre cab les a t a ra teo f a round 100 ,000 ,000 b i t s-pe r -second ( tent im es as fast as Ethe rnet, abo ut tw ice as fast asT-3) .See: Ban dw idth Ethern et, T-3

Felt SideSm oo ther s ide o f paper for p r in t ing. The r ight

s ide o f sheet in paper manufac tur ing.

FileAny coh es ive and n am ed co l lect ion o fi n fo rma t i on s to red on a d i sk .

Fi le M enuThe m enu con ta i n i ng the new , open , and qu i tc o m m a n d s .

File TypesRefers to th e w ay you r sof tw are bu i l t and

labe l led your conten t . Di f ferent sof tw are

program s create d i f ferent fi le types, bu t your

com pu ter can recognise man y d i f ferent fi le

types . A fi le type i s usual l y iden t i fied by the

extension , the last three characters of i ts nam e.

So m e o f t h e m o r e co m m o n g r a p h ic fi l e im a ge s

are .bm p , .pcx, .t i f , .jpg , .gif, and .pcd. He re is a

l ist o f a few o f t he m os t com m on t ype o f fi l esfound i n desk top pub l ish i ng .

BM P : A B i tm ap im age.

PD F: Po r tab l e docum ent fo rma t

JPEG : ( JP G) Jo i n t P h o t o gr ap h i c Exp e r ts Gr o u pThis i s a com pression form at forpho tog raphs tha t econo m ises on thew ay data i s stored because i t d iscardsdata! I t is the refore a lossy fi le form atand w i ll deg rade w i th con t i nua l use .

TIFF: ( TIF) Ta gg ed I m a ge Fi le Fo r m a t cr o ssp la t fo rm - com pressab le w i thou t l oss(LZW).

RTF: Rich Te xt fo rm a t - cro ss p la tfo rm t extfo rma t ( M S WORD) tha t re tai nsform att ing, sty l ing and accents acrossp la t form s. Exce l lent for m ul t i l anguagew o r k .

ZI P : Co m p ressed fi le / f o ld er fo rm a t( W i n d o w s ) .

TXT: Th is i s a s im ple fi le that conta ins on lytext.

GIF: Th is i s a graphic fi le form at ow ned and

l i censed b y Com pu Serve. Uses ind exco lour and can be used as a form at foran im a t ion o r g raph i cs on the WWW.

D O C: A docum ent fi l e com m on l y c rea ted byM icroso f t Word o r Wordpad .

M I C: Th is i s a M ic rosof t Im age Com po ser fi le ,a graph ics fi le c reated w i th Im agecom po ser. I t can be con ver ted in tooth er types o f graphic fi les .

M IM E: ( .M I M ) Fi le c o m p r e ssi o n f o r m a t Th i s i sused for e-m ai l fi les and has the suf f i x

.M IM. It can be m ul t i -par t . I t needs to bepu t t h rough a t rans la to r (Unz ip o rDrops tu f f) be fo re be ing opened w i th in ap r o g r a m m e .

M PEG : ( .M PG) M ov ie Pho tog raphy Elect ron i cGrou p Sim i lar to JPEG but fo r m ovies.

EPS: Encap sulated PostScript . A PostScript fi lecon ta ins add i t i ona l i n fo rm a t ion abou tthe p icture , its size and po s it ion on thepage an d, in m any cases, a screenb i tm ap o f t he im age tha t i s used fo r

screen display on ly. An EPS file can b epr in ted on ly on a Pos tScr ip t p r in terun less i t i s accom panied by a low -reso lu t i on b i tm ap im age.

FilmI nstead o f p r i n t i ng you r a r tw ork on to p aper ,som e com pan ies can p r i n t i t on to camera fi lm .Fi lm is usual ly requ i red w hen you are pr in t ingw i th m ore than o ne co lou r and i t is a necess ityfor four-co lour p r in t ing. Fi lm can be e i thernegat ive or p os i t ive . Prov id ing fi lm to you r

pr in ter w i l l usua l l y resu l t in the h ighes t qua l i typ roduc t .

FinderOne of the two t ra f f i c -cop fi les that runs theMac in tosh. The Finder keeps t rack o f windows(th e i r size, locat ion, and type o f v iew ), m ain ta ins

f

7



8/22

an invento ry o f i con s represent ing every fi le o nyour d isk , and cont inu a l ly upd ates the inv isib ledesktop fi l e .

Find FileApple-suppl ied sof tw are that m akes i t possib leto search a d isk for any fo lder , fi le or ap p l i ca tion.

FingerAn In ternet sof tware too l for locat ing people onoth er Interne t si tes. Finger is also som etim esused to g ive access to non -personal in form at ion,bu t t he m os t com m on use is to see if a pe rsonhas an account a t a par t i cu lar In ternet s ite . Manys ites do no t a l low incom ing Finger reques ts, bu t

m a n y d o .

Flat ColoursCo lou rs and t i n t s no t f o rm u la ted f rom standardprocess colours.

FlexographyFlexograph y i s a m etho d o f d i rec t ro tary pr in t ingthat u ses resi l ient re l ie f im age p la tes o f rubb eror p ho top olym er m ater ial . The p la tes are a f fi xedto p la te cy linders o f various repeat lengths ,inked b y a ce l l st ruc tured ink m eter ing ro l l , w i th

or w i thou t a reverse-angle doc tor b lade, andcarry ing a fas t -drying flu id ink to p la tes that p r in ton v i rtua l l y any subs t rate , absorben t or n on -absorbent .

FlopFl ipping over a transparency or negat ive so thatr ight s ide i s no w the le f t .

Floppy DiskThe 3 12 p last i c d isk used in a l l Mac in tosh/ PCdisk drives. The p last ic disk is encased in a hardp las ti c con ta iner for pro tec t ion . Th is has becom e

the s tandard s ize for near ly a ll m achines today .

FoldingFold ing is a relat ively im precise op erat ion , soyou m ust leave roo m for var ia tions in the fo lds .A lso, remem ber that each fo ld i s a f fec ted by thevariat ion in the previous fold. Paper stock alsoaf fects fo lds. Carefu l ly prepare a pap er du m m yof the fo ld and ver i fy that the paper gra in in thedum m y matches tha t o f the fina l p roduc t be fo reyou go to p ress. Rem em ber to a l l ow adequa tet r im for the b indery op erat ion. If a prec ise fo ld i s

c r it i ca l , you m ay cons ider scor ing the jo b o npress to assure that th e fo ld w i l l a l ign m oreaccurately.

FolioPage num ber .

FontA type face or the col lect ion of al l the characters

that com pr ise the ent i re character set o f atypeface. In the Macintosh, each s ize of eachsty le of typeface counts as a s ingle font. A fontin the M ac in to sh w or ld i s a lso ca l led a resou rcein the sense that i t is avai lable to al l appl icat ionsw i thou t be i ng pa r t o f any one p rog ram.

Four- Colour ProcessThe m ethod o f separa t ing co l ou r a r t o r ph o tos ,by use o f fi l ters, in to the four p rocess co lours :cyan, m agenta, ye l low and b lack .

FTP(F ile Trans fer Protoco l ) A very com m on m etho dof m ov ing fi les betw een tw o In ternet s i tes. FTPis a spec ia l w ay to log in to anoth er In ternet s itefor the purp oses o f re t r iev ing and / or send ingfiles. The re are m any Intern et s i tes that h aveestabl ished publ ic ly-accessible reposi tor ies ofm ater ia l that can b e o bta ined us ing FTP, bylogg ing in us ing the accoun t nam eano nym ou s, thu s these si tes are ca lledan on ym ou s FTP servers.

Full-Scale Black

A b lack pr in ter that pr in ts do ts in every par t o fthe p i c tu re, from the h i gh l i gh t t o the shadow .Also cal led ful l -range black.

GSMGram s per square m et re (gm 2). This is thes tandard European des ignat ion for paperw eights.I t re fers to the w eight o f a square m et re o f apart icular paper i r respect ive of bulk/ den si ty. Paperis defin ed as m ater ia l less than 200 gsm andBoard as mater ia l m ore than 2 00 gsm . There arenumerous weights w i th in these categor iesdepen ding on m anufac turer, b rand, t ype or use.

Galley ProofA p roo f o f t ex t copy be fo re be ing m ade i n topages.

GopherA w ide l y successfu l m e thod o f m ak ing m enus o fm ater ia l avai lab le over the In ternet . Gopher i s a

Client and Server sty le program , wh ich requ i resthat the u ser have a Gop her Cl ient pro gram .Al though Goph er spread rap id ly across the g lob ein only a couple of years, i t is being largelysupplanted by Hyper tex t , a lso known as WWW(Wo r ld Wide Web ). There are st i l l tho usands of

g

8



9/22

Gopher Servers on the In ternet and we canexpec t they w i l l rem ain for a w hi le .See: Client, Server, WWW, Hypertext.

GhostingThe im ages you are pr in t ing appear on ano therpar t o f the sheet o f paper .

GlossA shiny coat ing on a paper is cal led a glossfin ish. Gloss coat ings al low very li t t le inkabsorpt ion and of fer exce l lent co lour defin i t ionand cont ras t.

Gradation or ContrastThe re la t ionsh ip o f th e ton a l va lues o f an im ageto i t s in te rm ed ia te fi lms and rep rodu c ti on asw el l as m agnet ic or opt i ca l representat ion . I tm ay a lso re fer to the ton a l va lues wi th in th ep ic ture .

GrainThe d i rect i on i n w h i ch m os t fib res l ie w h i chcorresponds wi th the d i rec t ion the paper i smade on a paper mach ine . Or specs of fi lm

em u lsi on tha t m ake up a pho to g raph i c im age.

GravureBasical ly , gravure turn s everythin g in th e im agein to ha l f tone do ts . The p la te cy linder cons ists o ft iny ce ll s, varying in d epth and w id th , that ho ldthe ink. As the press runs, a doctor bladescrapes excess ink of f the surface of the plate,leaving ink only in the cel ls . As the papercontacts the plate, the ink is t ransferred,reprod uc ing type, ru les, and p ho tographs ascom po s ites o f very fine do ts . Gravure i s usedon ly in very lon g runs , usual l y for pub l i ca t ions

and packaging pr in t ing.

Grey Balan ceThe p roper am oun t o f c yan , m agen ta and ye ll owpr in t ing to produce a Grey sca le wi th noapparen t dominan t hue .

Grey Com ponen t Replacem ent(GCR) A co lou r separat ion process that uses theb lack pr in ter for the neu t ra l Grey por t ion o f anyco lour . Ins tead of m ix ing cyan, m agenta andyel low to p rodu ce greys , GRC com plete ly

rep laces those greys o f the process co lou rs wi thb lack . GRC deepen s the shado w s wi th in anim age that lacks dep th.

Grey Stabi l isationAbi l ity to m ain ta in neu t ra l Grey ba lance inco lour rep rodu c t ion . Use o f GCR helps tostabi l ise neu trals. This term is of ten used b ySystem Brunn er to exp la in the im po rtance ofm ainta in ing neu t ra l greys.

GutterThe i ns ide m argin o f a bo und page .

Hal f tonesLine art and text require very c lear edges andhigh cont ras t between areas where there i s ink ,and w here the re i s no t . How ever , pho tog raphsand draw ings usual ly requ i re varying degrees o fink d ens i ty for accurate representat ion . A fi lmthat p rov ides th is var iab le d ens i ty outpu t i sreferred to as a hal f tone. In ef fect , a hal f tone isno d i f ferent than a s ing le co lou r scan. Ho w ever ,com m on u sage re fers to a sing le co lou r image

as a ha l f tone, w hi le a process co lour im age isca lled a separat ion . Each of the indep end entcolou rs in a set of CM YK film s is in fact aha l f t one .

Ha rd DiskA d isk genera ll y in a m eta l cab inet an dperm anent ly sea led. Hard d isks storein form at ion exact l y the sam e w ay as flopp y d isksdo , bu t ho l d a g rea t dea l m ore i n fo rma t i on andcan supp l y i t t o t he com pu te r m uch faste r t hanfloppy d isks .

Hard DotsSecond generat ion d ots or laser generated do tsthat have hard edges wi thout any f r inge.

Hard ProofA co lou r proof m ade on a subs t rate f romprod uc t ion fi lm s or d i rec t ly f rom the s tored p ixe ldata. The lat ter is usual ly referred to as a digi talhard p roof , and a v ideo proo f as a d ig i ta l sof tp roo f .

Hickey

Spo ts on a pr in ted sheet usual ly due to du s t , l i n tor b i ts o f paper .

Hi- Fi ColourPrin t ing ha l f tones w i th h igher sc reen f requ enc ies(m ore do ts pe r i nch ) t han s tandard 133 to 175

h

9



10/22

l i ne screens . 30 0 l ines per inch h a l f tones are no tuncom m on, and fi de l i ty may go as h i gh as 600l ines per inch. A lso re fers to us ing m ore th an thes tand ard 4 co lours to p r in t , i .e ., up to 7 .

Highl ightThe ap pearance of a fo lder , app l i ca t ion,do cum ent i con a f ter i t has been se lected bysingle c l ick ing on i t .

Highl ightThe l ightes t area o f a photograph wi th thesmal lest or fewest dots m ade in to a ha l f tone.

Host

Any com pu te r on a ne tw ork tha t i s a repos ito ryfor serv ices ava i lab le to o th er com pu ters on thene tw ork . I t i s qu i te com m on to have one hos tm achine p rovide several serv ices, such as WWWand USENET.See: Node, Network

H TM L(Hyper tex t Mark up Language) The cod inglanguage used to create Hyper text docum entsfor use on the Wor ld Wide Web. HTML looks alo t l i ke o ld fash ioned typeset t ing code, where

you surround a b lock o f tex t wi th codes thatind icate how i t sho uld ap pear . Addi t ion a l ly , inHTML you can speci fy that a block of text , or aw ord , is l inked to ano th e r fi l e on the In te rne t .HTML fi les are mean t to be v iewed us ing aWor ld Wide W eb Cl ient program , such asMosaic .See: HTTP, Hypertext, Mosaic, WWW

HTTP(Hyper tex t Transpor t Proto co l ) The proto co l form ov ing Hyper tex t fi les across the In ternet .Requi res an HTTP cl ient program on o ne end ,

and an HTTP server program on the o ther end.HTTP is the m ost imp or tant pro to co l used in theWor l d W ide Web (WWW).See: Client, Server, WWW

Hyper tex tGenera l ly , any tex t that con ta ins l i nks to o th erdocum ents w ords o r ph rases i n the docum entthat can be chosen by a reader and which causeano the r do cum ent to be re t r ieved and d i sp l ayed .

I beamUniversa l M ac in to sh/ PC ind icat ion for tex tinsert ion that is shaped l ike a capi tal I .

IconA graphic im age that represents a docum ent ,

app l i ca t ion a fi le , and even a con cept .

ImagesetterAn im agesetter is basically an extrem ely highqu al i ty pr in ter. Im agesetters are used to createthe fi lm i n com pu te r based p re p ress opera ti ons .In pro cess co lou r w ork , the im ageset ter c reatesthe separated ou tpu t fi lm by p r i n t ing t heim age fou r t im es (o nce each in Cyan, M agenta,Yel low and B lack) .

Imposi t ionLay ing out pages in a p ress form . When th e

pages are pr in ted and fo lded they wi l l be inp roper o rde r .

Ind irect ScreenThe p rocess o f separat ing a pho to o r ar two rkin to th e fou r process co lours by c reat ingcont inuous tones . Dots are then added us ing anaddi t ion a l pro cess .

Ini t ial iseTo p repare a d isk to h o ld in fo rm at ion. If youin i t ia li se a d isk th at a l ready h as in form at ion

saved on to i t , you w i l l com plete ly lose thatin form at ion. To form at a d isk i s the same th ing.

Insert ion PointPo in t o r p l ace i n a docum ent o r nam e w herem ore text can be add ed .

Instal lerApp le / W indow s so f tw are to l oad opera t ingsys tem and o ther sof tware on to your d isk .

Intagl ioSee: Gravure.

Intensi tyMeasuremen t o f co l ou r f rom du l l t o b r il li an t .

In te rne t(Up per case i ) The vas t co l lec t ion o fin terconnec ted n etw orks that a ll use the TCP/ IPproto co ls and that evo lved f rom the ARPANET ofthe la te 60 s and ear ly 70s . The In tern et no wconnec ts ove r 1 ,000 ,000 i ndepend en t ne tw orksin to a vast g loba l In ternet .i n ternet ( low er case i ) Any t im e you conn ec t

tw o o r m ore ne tw orks toge the r , you have anin ternet as in in tern at iona l or in tersta te .

I P N u m b e rSom et imes cal led a do t ted q uad . A u n iquenu m ber cons ist ing o f 4 par ts separated by do ts ;

i

10



11/22

e.g., 1 65 .1 1 3 .245 .2 Every m achine that i s onthe In ternet h as a un iqu e IP nu m ber. I f am ach ine do es no t have an IP num ber , i t i s no trea l ly on the In ternet . M ost m achines a lso haveone o r m ore Dom a in Nam es tha t a re easi e r fo rp e o p l e t o re m e m b e r .See: Doma in Nam e, In ternet

I RC( In ternet Relay Chat ) Bas ica ll y a hu ge m ul t i userl i ve chat fac il i ty. There are a n um ber o f m ajorIRC servers aroun d th e w or ld w hich are l inkedto each o ther . Anyone can c reate a channel and any th ing that anyon e types in a g ivenchannel i s seen b y a ll o th ers in th e chann el .

Pr ivate chann els can (and are) c reated for m ul t iperson conference cal ls .

ISDN( In tegrated Serv ices Digi tal Net w ork) Basical ly aw ay to m ove m ore data over exist ing regu larpho ne l i nes.

KerningIn typeset t ing, ad jus t ing the space between twocharacters, so that they appear c loser togetheror far ther apar t .

Key CapsApple/ PC suppl ied sof tw are that d isp lays thekeyboard lo cat ion o f a l l the charac ters in a fo nt .I n the M acin tosh w or l d , the keyboard has fou rsets of characters in any typeface.1 The characters you see on the keys

them selves;

2 Ho ld i ng the sh i f t key dow n show s youthe capi tal ised characters;

3 Ho ld i ng the op t i on key dow n show s theth i rd set o f charac ters op t ion g , forexamp le, i s a cop yr ight ( ) sym bo l ; and

4 the least o f ten used characters arefound when you ho ld bo th the sh i f t andop t i on a t t he sam e t im e .

KeylineA guide to a pr in t ing job. A ll the key e lem entssuch as type o r i l lus t ra t ion s are pas ted d ow n toind icate s ize and pos i t ion on ar twork or pos terbo ard. Also re ferred to as a Mechan ica l orPaste u p.

Ki lobyteA un i t o f i n fo rma t i on tha t rep resen ts

1 ,024 by tes; w h i ch desp i te the ac tua l num ber i susual l y ca l led on e th ou sand by tes or charac ters,a m easure o f capaci ty o f d isks to h o ldi n fo rma t i on .

KnockoutWhen type or l i ne ar t i s to be pr in ted over apho tog raph o r o the r va ri ab le co l ou r b ackg roun d ,the bes t way to produce a cons is tent co lour i sto fi rs t reverse the type or ar twork out o f thebackground , t hen d rop i n the d esi red co l ou r .This process is referred to as Knocking Out.

Laminat ionPlast i c fi lm bo nd ed b y heat and pressure to apr in ted sheet for pro tec t ion or appearance.

LA N(Loca l Area Ne tw ork ) A com pu te r ne tw orkl im i ted to the im m ediate area, usual l y the samebu i l d i ng o r floo r o f t he bu i l d i ng .

LayoutA draw ing that g ives the genera l appearance ofthe fi n ished p iece and usual l y ind icates there la t ionsh ip between i l l us t ra t ions and copy .

LeadingThe l ine space, or w hi te space, betw een l ines o fcopy .

Leased LineRefers to a ph on e l ine that i s rented forexclus ive 24 h ou r , 7 d ay a w eek use f rom yourlocat ion to an oth er locat ion . The h ighes t speed

data conn ec t ions requ i re a leased l ine.

LetterpressForm er ly the s tand ard pr in t ing process,let terp ress is no w largely used fo r special i tyw ork . Let terpress i s o f ten used for fin e ar t pr in ts ,books, and posters. Letterpress is also used forim pr in t ing bu s iness cards and form s. In th ispro cess the im age area is actual ly raised ab ovethe res t o f the p la te , so th e im age m akes aphys ica l impress ion on the paper . Modernle t terpress uses a ph oto e tch ing techniqu e to

remo ve the no n im age a rea f rom the p l a te .

Line ConversionA b lack and w h i te pho to w h i ch i s changed tol ines, no shado w s, using special screens.

l

k

11



12/22

Line CopyAnyth ing that cons is ts o f l i nes wi thout shadows

or shadings, such as type.

Line Scree nThe finer the Screen used to c reate the pr in t ingfi lm and p la tes, the m ore deta i l can be po r t rayedin the fina l pr in ted p iece. Most co lour pr in t ing i spe r fo rmed b e tw een 133 and 175 l ines pe r i nchor a 133, 175 screen.

Li thographySee O ffset Print in g.

Lock1 Yo u p h y si ca ll y l o ck a d i sk an d t h e r eb y

prevent any saving or w r i t ing to i t by s lid ingthe sm al l, p las t ic tab in th e corner o f the d iskcase. When you can see through the ho le(a f ter s lid ing th e tab) , the d isk i s locked.

2 Yo u l o ck a fi le b y se le ct in g it s i co n a n dchoos ing Ge t I n fo f rom the Fi le m enu andc l i ck ing once in the ba l lo t box in the upperr ight hand corner .

LoginNou n: The accoun t nam e used to ga in access to

a com pu ter system . No t a secret (cont rast w i thPassw ord) Verb: The ac t o f en ter ing in to acom pu te r system ;e.g. Log in to th e WELL and then go to th e GBNconference.See: Passwo rd

Loop Sti tchingWire is s tap led th rough sp ine o f a docum ent (as

sadd le s t itch ing) , but c reates a loop of w i re that

enab les the do cum ent to b e hung in a fl i e o r

r ing b inder .

See: Saddle stitching.

M a g e n t aOne o f three pr im ary co lours in process pr in t ing.Som et im es cal led process red.

M a k e r ea d y

Work done before a job can be pr in ted, i .e .pack ing the b lanket , put t ing ink in the founta in ,mount ing p la tes , e tc .

M a s kAn opaqu e ove rl ay on any pa r t o f a pho to o r

separat ion negat ive that should not be exposedto l ight .

M ask (Out l ine)The e lec t ron ic si lhouet te m ade on a pagem akeup system and u sed to i so la te a p icturee lemen t f rom the rest o f t he p i ctu re con ten t .

M atchpr in ts3M s proo fin g system in both p os i t ive andnegat ive form .

M a t tA m at t coat ing i s not sh iny l i ke a g loss coat ing,bu t s t il l keeps mu ch o f t he i nk f rom be ingabsorbed by the paper and prov ides an exce l lentpr in t im age. M at t stocks can be w r i t ten on w i thm ost pen s and p enc i l s, w hi le g loss s tocks w i l lo f t en sm udge o r smear .

M e g a b y t eA m i l li on by tes. A tho usand k i lob y tes.See: Byte, Bit, Kilob yte

M e m o r y

See: RAM.

M e n uA l ist o f com m ands .

M e n u Ba rThe (genera l l y ) whi te r ibbon across the top o fthe M ac in to sh/ PC screen w hich a lways has theApp le / PC m enu and Fi le and Ed i t menu s.

M etam eric ColoursColours that can change th e i r perce ived hu edepend ing on the d i ff e ren t l i gh t ing cond i t ions .

M iddle TonesTones o f a ph o to h a l fw ay be tween the da rkestshadows and the h igh l ights .

M LOCR(M ul t i l i ne Op t ica l Charac ter Reader) An OCRthat reads and in terprets mu l t ip le lines o f thedel i very add ress on a do cum ent .

M o d e ll in gThe d eta i l in a p icture ind icat ing that th e ob jec ts

are three d im ens iona l ; hav ing sur face tex ture orre l ie f such as r ipp les on an orange p eel or thetex ture o f a woven fabr ic .

M o d e m(MOdulator , DEModula tor) A dev ice that you

12

m



13/22

connec t t o you r com pu te r and to a pho ne l i ne ,tha t a ll ow s the com pu te r t o ta l k t o o the rcom pu ters throu gh the p ho ne system . Basical l y,m o d e m s d o f o r co m p u t e r s w h a t a t el ep h o n edoes fo r hum ans.

M o i r Objec t ionab le pat terns that appear a t regu larf requenc ies w hen tw o o r m ore sc reen pa t te rnsare p laced over one another . May be caused bym isa l ignm ent , incorrec t sc reen angles, s lipp ingor s lurr ing.

M o n it o rThe spec ia l TV that i s the window in to the

com pute r s d i g it a l w or l d .

M o sa i cA we l l known and w idesp read WWW browser o rc l ient sof tw are. M osaic w as the or ig ina l graphicsw eb b row ser p rog ram . The sou rce code toM osaic has been l i censed b y several com paniesand there are severa l o ther p ieces o f sof tw are asgood o r be t te r t han M osai c.See: Browser, Client, WWW

M o t tl e

Spo t ty or speck led pr in t ing.

Negat ivesThe reverse o f type, pho to o r graphic .

N e t w o r kAny t ime you connec t two o r more compu te rstogether so that th ey can share resou rces youhave a com pu te r ne tw ork . Connec t tw o o r m ore

ne tw orks toge the r and you have an In te rne t .See: Intern et

Neutra l GreyAny leve l o f Grey f rom w hi te to b lack wi th n oapparent co lour cas t or hue.

NewsgroupsThe n am e for d iscussion grou ps on Usenet .See: Usenet

N I C

(N etw ork In form at ion Cent re) Genera ll y, anyo f f ice tha t hand les in fo rm a t ion fo r a ne tw ork .The m ost fam ou s of these on the In ternet i s theIn te rN IC, w h i ch is w here new dom a in nam esare registered.

NodeAny si ng le com pu te r connec ted to a n e tw ork .

See: Network and In ternet

Non repro b lueA l ight b lur co lou r that i s o f ten u sed to m akec rop m arks and o r no tes . I n one and tw o co l ou rp r i n t ing the n on rep ro b l ue w i ll usua ll y no t berep roduced on the ac tua l p r in t i ng j ob . How ever ,in fu l l co lour work , the b lue i s reproduced jus tas any o ther co lou r .

Non Reproducible ColoursCerta in co lours in nature and photographycannot b e reprod uced u s ing pro cess inks .

Examp les o f non rep rodu c ib le co lour inc lud eflu orescent co lou rs and m eta l li cs.

Numeric KeypadThe rec tangular array o f nu m ber keys on aM acin tosh extended keyboard m ean t t o suggesta hand he ld ca lcu lator .

OCROptical Character Reader or recogni t ion

Off Press Proof or PreP ress ProofA co lou r proo f sim i lar in appearance to thefi n i sh e d p r i n t ed p r o d u c t b u t m a d e w i th o u t t h ea id o f a pr in t ing p ress .

Offset L ithograph yThe basic princ iple of of fset pr int ing, thedo m inant p r in t ing process, is th is s im ple : inkand w ater don t m ix . Ear ly l i thographers e tchedim ages on to flat s tone. These images wo uldaccept ink , w hi le the p orou s ston e acceptedwater . When ink was appl ied, i t s tayed on thegreasy im age area and avo ided th e res t o f thes tone.

M odern l i t hog raphy em p loys the sam e concep tbu t adds one impor tan t e l emen t . I n modernpresses , the im age is t rans ferred f rom thepr i n t ing p l a te to a rubb er b l anke t and then tothe pap er . Hen ce the nam e o f fset .A l though there are m any d i f ferent k inds , s izes

and qual i t ies of of fset presses, the basicconfigura t ion rema ins the sam e. When thepr in t ing p la te i s expo sed, an ink recept ivecoat ing i s ac t iva ted a t the im age area. On thepress, the p la te is dam pen ed, fi rst by w aterrol lers, then by ink rol lers. Ink adheres to the

o

n

13



14/22

im age area and w ater to the n on im age area. Asthe cyl inde rs rotate, the im age is t ransferred tothe b lanket . Paper passes betw een th e b lanketcy l inder and the impress ion cy l inder and theim age is t rans ferred to th e paper . The m ajortypes o f o f fset presses are sheet fed an d w eb.On a sheet fed p ress , cut pap er i s de l i vered in tothe m ach ine . On a w eb p ress, paper com es on alarge rol l and is cut af ter pr int ing. Sheet fedpresses run the gam ut in s ize and q ual i ty fromA4+ one co lour to h igh qual i ty s ix un i t pressesw i th shee t s izes as large as A0 o r B1. Becausew eb p resses can pr in t a t very h igh speeds onlarge sheet s izes, they are gen eral ly used largeruns .

Offset Pr int ingUsual ly refers to of fset l i thography. The processt rans fers ink f rom a flat p la te o r cyl inder to arubber b l anke t t ha t depos i t s t he i nk on to thepaper surface. ( see above)

OpaquingPaint ing ou t areas o f a n egat ive that are n otw a n t e d .

Open

To s tart som eth ing o f f or launch som eth ing.Dou b le c li ck i ng the i con o f a do cum entl aunches o r b oo ts up t he app l i cat i on tha tc reated the do cum ent or ig ina l ly .

Opera ting SystemThe sof tw are that runs a com pu ter . M S DOS(M icrosof t d isk operat ing sys tem) i s theop erat ing system of IBM type com pu ters. TheFinder an d th e Sys tem fi les are key par ts o f th eM ac in to sh operat ing system .

OP IOpen Press In ter face, a procedu re deve loped byAldus , for the autom at ic rep lacem ent o f lowreso lu t ion FPO im ages in p age layou ts by h ighresolut ion scans, typical ly done at a serv icebu reau, co lour separat ion or pr in ter .

Outl ine Hal f tonePho to rep roduc t ion i n w h i ch backg roun d a rounda pr im ary sub jec t has been rem oved.

Outl ine FontsThe form of fon ts or typefaces used for pr in t ing

tex t . The m ajor sup pl ier o f M ac in to sh fonts i sAdo be System s Inc.

OverlayA t i ssue over the base key line for w r i t ingcorrect ions an d ins t ruct ions .

Overpr int ingPrin t ing in space o ver an area a l ready pr in ted;

such as a dea ler s or d is t r ibu tor s nam e andaddress.

Packet Sw itchingThe method used to move da ta a round on theIn ternet . In p acket sw i tch ing, a ll the d ata com ingout o f a machine i s broken up in to chunks ; eachchun k has the add ress o f w here i t cam e f romand w here i t i s go ing. Th is enables chu nks o f

da ta f rom m any d i ff e ren t sou rces to com m ing leon th e sam e l ines, and b e sor ted an d d i rected tod i f ferent routes by spec ial m achines a lon g thew ay. Th is way m any peop le can use the samel ines a t the sam e t im e.

PalletA reusab le p l a t fo rm on w h i ch p r i n ted m a t ter i ss tacked to be m oved as a s ing le un i t . M ade ofr igid m ater ia l des igned for four w ay fork l i f t ent ryand capab le o f hand l ing l oads o f up to 6 5 cub i cfee t and 2 ,200 p oun ds .

Panchromat icTerm used to descr ibe ph oto graphic m ater ia lsthat are sensi t ive to l ight of al l colours,approx im a t ing the co l ou r range o f t he hu m aneye.

Pantone M atching System (PM S)Often re ferred to as PM S, the Pantone sys temsare the m os t popu la r co l ou r m a tch ing system sin the pr in t ing ind us t ry. A t rue PMS co lour i sdefined by a m i xtu re o f i nks that w i ll p rov ide aspec ific co lour ( e .g . PMS 185 is a very com m onbr ight red co lo ur) . Panto ne a lso pro v ides am atch ing system that a l low s process pr in tersany o f the PMS standard ink co lou rs. Pantone,PMS and the Panton e M atch ing Sys tem aret radem arks o f Panton e, Inc .

PasswordA code u sed to ga in access to a locked system .Good passwords conta in le t ters and non le t tersand are no t s im ple com binat ion s such as v i rtue7(A good passw ord m igh t be : Ho t$16) .See: Login

PasteOne o f the Edi t m enu s com m ands. Paste p lacesthe contents o f the c l ipboard whatever was las tcut or cop ied a t the inser t ion po in t .

p

14



15/22

Perfect BoundBind ing procedure where ad jacent pages are

s tacked togeth er , the sp ine i s g lued, and th en acover is glued o nto the sp ine.See: Saddle Stitch.

Perfecting PressPrin t ing Press that pr in ts bo th s ides o f the paperin on e pass.

PeriodicalsA class of m ai l ( form erly cal led secon d c lass)cons ist ing o f m agazines , new spapers, or o th erpu bl i cat ions form ed of pr in ted sheets that areissued at least fou r t im es a year at regular,

spec ified in terva ls ( f requency) f rom a knownof f i ce o f p ub l i ca t ion . Per iod ica ls usual l y m usthave a l ist of sub scribers and/ or req ue sters, asappropr ia te .

PhotostatSee: Stat.

PicaPrin ter s un i t o f m easurem ent u sed pr inc ipa l ly intypesett ing. One p ica equals app rox im ate ly 16 o fan inch. In desk top publ i sh ing technology , onepica is defined as exact ly 16 o f an i nch .

PICTThe or ig ina l p ic ture form at o f the M ac in to sh.PICT fi les are str ict ly black and w hi te, no t evenGrey scale. PICT sup po rts Grey scale and colou r.I f you have a cho ice betw een PICT and TIFF orEPS, alw ays u se TIFF or EPS.

PinholesTiny areas that are covered by ink.

Pixel

A m a d e u p w o r d f ro m t h e b e gi n n i n g o f t h e tw ow ords p i ctu re and e l em en t .

PM SPan tone M atch ing System for speci fying spotco lours .

PointPrin ter s un i t m easurem ent u sed pr inc ipa l ly fordesignat ing type s izes. There are twelve pointsto a p ica, appro x imate ly 72 p o in ts to an in ch. Indesktop pub l ish i ng , one po in t i s defin ed asexactly 172 o f an i nch .

Point SizeType i s m easured i n p o i n t s from the top o f t helow er case ascend er (b , f, h , k , l ) to the b ot to mof the descender (g , j , p , q) . CAP he ight dep end son type s tyle .

POPPost Off ice Protocol or Post Off ice Preferred

Pop up ButtonA genera l l y rec tangular box wi th a drop shadow.Posi t ion i ng the cu rso r w i th i n the b ox w h i l ep ress i ng and ho ld i ng down the mouse bu t tonp op s up, o r reveals, opt ion a l cho ices. Onecom m on p op u p bu t ton i s a sm a l l b l ack t r iang lei nsi de a round co rne red bo x w i th a d rops h a d o w .

PorosityThe proper ty o f paper that a l lows theperm eat ion o f a i r , an im po rtant factor in ink

pene t ra t i on .

PortA socke t on the back o f a com pu te r i n to w h i chcables are p lu gged, thereby conn ec t ing p r in ters,m od em s, hard dr ives, e tc ., to the com pu ter .

Posit ion ProofA co lou r proof m ade to ver ify that a l l e lem entsof the reprod uc t ion ( tex t , graph ics and p ic tures)are in correc t locat ion, no t over lapp ing. Mayconta in th e correc t co lou r va lues for co lour

ju d ge m en t.

PostscriptA page descr i p t ion and p rog ram m ing l anguagef rom Adob e Sys tems Inc . In a w ay Pos tscr ip tt reats al l text and graph ics as im ages describedin p ixe ls (b oth screen and pr in ter) . The p o in there, of course, is that text and graphics can becomplete ly in tegrated on a page. Anotheradvantage of Postscript is that i t is deviceindep end ent ; i .e ., one can pr in t a Pos tscr ip t fi leon a 3 00 dp i Lase rWri ter and ge t 300 dp iou tpu t ; o r t o an im agese t te r a t 2540 dp i and ge t2540 dp i output . Pos tscr ip t i s a t the hear t o f thedesk top revo lu t ion.

PP P(Po in t t o Po in t Pro toco l ) Mo st w e l l know n as aprotoco l that a l lows a computer to use a regu larte lepho ne l i ne and a m odem to m ake a TCP/ IPconnect ion and thus be rea l l y and t ru ly on theIntern et. PPP is gradual ly rep lacing SLIP for th ispu rpose .See: IP Nu m ber , Intern et, SLIP, TCP/ IP

Press ProofProof run on the ac tua l paper and press onw h i ch the job w i ll be p r in ted .

15



16/22

Prima ry ColoursColourants o f a system used to repro du ce

colours for the en t i re reprodu c t ion . Cyan,m agenta, ye l low are sub t ract i ve pr im ary co lou rsw hi le red, green and b lu e are add i t i ve pr imaryco lours .

Process Ink sInk co lou rs: Cyan, M agenta, Ye ll o w a n d B lackused for co lour reproduc t ions .

ProcessorThe ha rdw are pa rt t ha t does the m a jo rca lcu la t ion s d i rected b y sof tw are program s.

ProgramAn assem blage of ins t ruc t ions o rchest ra t ingspec ific tasks and jobs . Com pu ter program s, ingeneral , are referred to as software.

Progressive Proof sCom m on ly ca l led Progs , and u sual ly run toSWOP standards. They can be printed using theexact paper and ink in th e exact order th at thefinal job wi l l be run. Progs show each of thefour co lours separate ly , wi th the addi t ion o f theoth er co lours . Th is i s expens ive, but w hen you

cannot b e a t the press to check your job or adas i t is run , this can b e n ecessary.

P u ll d ow n M e n uA m enu tha t rem a ins h i dden un t i l t he cu rso r o rpo in te r i s p l aced ove r i t wh i le ho l d i ng do w n them ou se bu t ton . Th is is anoth er w ay theM ac in to sh presents op t iona l cho ices to th e user .

Quarter ToneDot percentages near the 25 percent pr in t ingdot s ize.

RaggedType that i s no t just i fied ( even m arg in) o n theright or lef t s ide.

Random Proof or Scat ter ProofA co lou r proof cons ist ing o f m any imagesganged on one subs t ra te and random lypos i ti oned w i th no re l a ti on to th e fina l pageim po si t ion. This is a cost ef fect ive w ay to veri fythe correc tness o f com pleted scans pr ior tofur ther s t r ipp ing and co lour correc t ion work .

RA MAn abbrev iat ion for the w ords rand om access

m em ory . RAM i s wh ere in fo rm a t ion i sprocessed; hard and floppy d isks are wherein form at ion i s stored. In form at ion in RAM isre ta ined on ly as long as the com pu ter i s on e.RAM is your workspace; whenever you open anapp l i ca t ion and do som eth i ng you a re w ork i ngi n RAM. Sav ing i n com pu te r t e rm s m eansw r i t ing your do cum ent to d isk , thu s s tor ing i t fo rlater retr ieval .

Read M e Docum entA fi l e i nc luded on d i sk con ta i n ing i n fo rm a t ion ,conn ec t ion s , e tc . that w ere d iscovered af ter the

manua l was p r i n ted .

Read Only M em ory or ROMPerm anen t m em ory con ta in i ng i ns t ruc t ions tha tcan on ly be read, no t m od ified. Suchins t ruc t ions execute a fi xed sequen ce of eventsusual l y hav ing to do w i th a com pu ter star t ing orbo o t i ng up , and the i ns t ruc t ions rem a in i nROM even when the power i s shut o f f . P lac ingins t ruc t ions in to ROM is par t o f them anufac tur ing process.

Refle ctive CopyAny pa in t i ng , a r tw ork o r ph o tog raph (n o ttransparencies) that reflects l ight of f i ts surface.

Register M ark sCrosses or som e o ther d es igns that are pas tedou ts ide you r key l ine o n th e bo ard. Everyth ingdon e to the j ob th rough p r in t i ng m us t havethese m arks to p revent the separat ions , fi lm orp la tes f rom be ing m isa l igned o r out o f reg is ter.

Registrat ionThe correc t pos i t ion ing o f on e co lour o veranother dur ing the pr in t ing process .

ReprintWhen fu r the r cop ies o f an i t em o f p r i n ted m a t tera re requ i red w i thou t amendments .

RetouchingCorrect ing a pho to b y us ing pen , brush, dye ora i rbrush. The la t ter i s a func t ion o f an im agingsystem to add o r rem ove imagery in ades ignated p ic ture area.

Reverse (KO kn ockou t)When re ferring to pr in ted type i t m eans thele t ters are not inked, the background around thelet ters is inked, so the let ters are actual ly theco lou r o f t he paper .

r

q

16



17/22

RFC(Request Fo r Com m ents) The nam e o f t he resu l t

and th e process for c reat ing a standard o n th eIn ternet . New s tandards are proposed andpu bl i shed on l ine, as a Request ForCom m ents . The In ternet Engineer ing Task Forceis a consensus bu i ld ing b od y that fac i li ta tesd iscussion, and eventua l l y a new s tand ard i sestab l ished , bu t t he re fe rence nu m ber / nam e fo rthe stand ard retains the acron ym RFC; e.g., theoff ic ial stand ard fo r e-m ai l is RFC 822 .

RouterA spec ia l pu rpose com pu ter (or sof tw arepackage) th a t hand les the connec t ion be tw een

tw o o r m ore ne tw orks. Rou te rs spend a l l t he i rt im e look ing a t the d es t inat ion ad dresses o f thepackets pass ing through them and dec id ingw h i ch r o u t e t o se n d t h e m o n .See: Netw ork, Packet Switching

RG BAbbrev ia t ion for red, green, b lue - the on ly waytelevision m on i tors v isual ise colou r. I t is v i tal tound erstand tha t w e can see and a com pu te rm on i tor can v isua l i se m any m ore co lours thancan be pr in ted wi th the four t rad i t iona l process

co loured l inks.

RI PAbb reviat ion fo r Raster Im age Processor. Adevice that t ranslates page descript ioncom m ands in to rasters for an outp ut dev icesuch as a laser printer o r im agesetter. Becauseof th e abb rev ia t ion RIP, conver t ing im ages torasters is kn ow n as RIPing im ages.

RuleA straight l ine of any thickness.

Saddle Sti tchin g(som et im es ca l led sadd le w i r ing) . Signatures areinser ted in to each other and s tap led through thesp ine. Requi rem ents : a l ip on the b ack o f thesi gna tu re o f a t l east 6m m . Head t r im s and foo tt ri m s sh o u l d b e 3 m m .This process prod uces a t rad i t ion a l m ul t i pagebook le t .

SM D S(Swi tched M ul t i m egabi t Data Serv ice) A new

standard for very h igh speed d ata t ransfer .

Saddle W i reIn b ind ing, to fas ten a book le t by wi r ing i tt h rough the m idd le fo l d o f t he shee ts.

Sans Serif TypeAny type s ty le that do es not have fin ish ings trokes on the en ds o f the le t ters.

ScalingCalcu la ting the am ou nt a pho to i s to be redu cedor en larged.

ScannerAn e l ect ron i c mach ine used to m akeseparat ions.

ScoreTo im press or inden t a m ark wi th a s t r ing or ru lei n the paper to m ake fo l d i ng easie r o r m oreaccurate.

ScrapbookOne of th e desk accessor ies under th e Apple

m enu i n w h i ch m u l t i p le text and p i c tu re fi l esm ay be pe rm anen t l y sto red . I n fo rm a t ion can b ecu t and p asted am ong do cum ents, t heCl ipboard and the Scrapbook .

ScreensIn the generat ion o f a fin a l set o f fi lm , screenscan be used which cause a fixed percentage ofden s ity o f an ink to b e pr in ted . For exam ple, theprocess co lour m atch o f PM S 18 5 (b r ight red) i sc rea ted b y com b in i ng 0% cyan , 91% Magen ta ,76% Ye l low , and 0% B lack.

ScreenPlast ic sheets that have cross hatched l ines.These screens are p laced b etw een th e cameraand the o r i gi na l pho to o r con t i nuou s tones tobreak the im age in to do ts to c reate a ha l f toneimage .

Screen AngleElect ron ica l ly ang led in the co lour separat ions top reven t m o i r , an ob v ious and und esi rab l e do tpat tern .

Screen FontsThe fo rm o f t he t ype faces needed to im age thecom pu ter sc reen. A d i f ferent form of thetypefaces is used for pr int ing.

s

17



18/22

Screen RulingThe nu m ber o f do ts pe r i nch i n a ha l f t one

screen. As a ru le , the m ore l ines , the b et ter thereprod uc t ion (e .g ., 150, 17 5, 20 0 l .s.) .

Scree n TintA hal f ton e screen pat tern o f a l l the sam e do ts ize that creates an even tone. Also cal led aBend ay screen.

ScrollTo m ove an it em i n i t s w indow s so as to m akev is ib le a par t that w as h idd en.

SCSIAcronym for Sm al l Com pu ters System In ter face.An ind us t ry spec ificat ion for th e e lec t r ica l andm echanical standards govern ing the conn ec t ingof d isks, scann ers, etc. to co m pu ters. M acinto shcom pu ters have a SCSI por t fo r conn ec t ing suchdevices. SCSI po rts are designed for h ighvo lum e, h igh speed t rans fers o f in form at ion.

Second ar y ColoursCo lou rs created by com b in i ng tw o p r im arycolou rants of a colo ur system . Exam ple: Redw ou ld b e the second ary co l ou r p roduced w i th

m agenta and ye l low . A lso re ferred to asoverpr in t co lou rs.

Separat ionsThe fo ur co lou r negat ives or p os i t ives w hich arethe resu l t o f changing fu l l co lou r pho tos or ar tin to th e three process co lours (ye l low , m agenta,cyan)an d b lack , by the u se o f fi l ters . Or SpotColours by s im ple s ing le exposures .

SerifSer i f me ans st roke or l i ne an d re fers to the sm al ll i nes that decorate and anchor h eav il y curvedfonts . Sans is a French w ord m eaning w i thou t ;Sans Seri f fonts lack th ese l ines.

ServerA com pu ter , or a sof tw are package, thatprovides a specific k ind of serv ice to c l ientsof tware runn ing on o th er com pu ters. The termcan refer to a part icular piece of software, suchas a WWW server , or to th e m achine on w hichthe softw are is run nin g; e.g., O ur m ai l server isdo w n to day , that s w hy e-m ai l i sn t get t ing ou t .A single server m achine cou ld have several

d i f ferent server sof tw are packages runn in g on i t ,thu s prov id ing m any d i f ferent services to c l ientso n t h e n e t w o r k .See: Cl ient, Netwo rk

SharpenRedu c ing the s ize o f dot in h a l f ton es or

separat ions . or us ing com pu ter too ls to enhan ceclarity of a scan.

SidebarA sho r t bod y o f tex t that prov ides the readerw i th add i t iona l in teres t ing in form at ion that isno t v i ta l to the m ain tex t o f a story .

Side Sti tchingStapled through stack, paral le l to spine.

Signature ProofKodak s proofi ng system , negat ive or p os i t ive ,

on m ost stocks.

SilhouetteEl im ina t ing the b ackg roun d f rom beh ind anobjec t in a photograph or p iece o f ar t .

SI M MAcronym for Sing le In l ine Mem ory Mod ules .Add i t iona l RAM can be added to a com pu te rby insta l li ng m ore and/ or b igger SIMM s in tothe SIM M sockets on the c i rcu i t bo ard.

SLIP(Seria l Line In ternet Proto co l ) A s tandard fo rus ing a regu lar te lepho ne l ine ( a ser ia l l ine )and a m odem to connec t a com pu te r as a rea lInternet s i te. SLIP is gradual ly being replaced byPPP.See. Internet, PPP

SpecIns truc t ion ( spec ificat ion) fo r a job; cho ice o fpap er, ink, size, qu ant i ty , etc.

Spira l B indin gSpi ra l wi re i s inser ted through a ho le punchedstack . Requ i rem en ts: a m in imu m t r im o f18 (3 m m ) on the head , sp ine , f oo t , and f ron t .(Ho w ever , m ore i s des i red.) B ind in g m arg in i s12 ( 1 2 m m ) .

Spot ColourInd iv idua l co lou r / co lours u t i l ised to h igh l ighti l lustrat ions or type.

Spot VarnishWhen on ly a spec ific area o f a pr in ted p iece is

varnished, i t is referred to as spot varnish. Spotvarnishing is very ef fect ive at draw ing speciala t tent ion to a spec ific par t o f a flyer or sa lessheet .

18



19/22

SpreadTwo facing pages. Readers spread s are keyl inesof tw o fac ing pages in correc t num er ica l order ,e .g . pages 2 and 3. Printers spread s are tw ofacing pages in th e order th at they w i l l bepr in ted , e .g . pages 1 and 4 and a lso 2 and 3 w i l lbe together for a four page brochure.

Square Ha l f toneA hal f tone th at has four r ight ang le corners.

Stand ard V iew ing Condi t ion(ANSI) An area surround ed b y a neut ra l Grey

and i l l um ina ted by a l igh t sou rce o f 5 000 K bo thfor v iewin g t ransparenc ies and reflec t ion pr in ts .The l ight leve l i s appro x imate ly 200 foot cand les.Large form at t ransparenc ies should besu r round ed by 5 - 10cm o f wh i te su r round andshou ld no t be v i ewed w i th a da rk su r round .

Startu p DiskA disk that h as the cr i t ical fi les the System andFinder th at get the com pu ter go ing. Also ca l led abootab le d isk .

StatA pho to p r i n t t ha t do es no t show tones , j ustb lack and whi te . These are most o f ten used onkey l ines to ind icate s ize and po s it ion o f separatear t or photos .

Step an d RepeatI n pho to m echan ics, the p rocedure o f m u l t i p leexposure us ing the sam e im age by stepp ing i t inpo s it ion accord in g to a predeterm ined layout .

Str ippingThe p rocess o f assem bl ing and com bin in g fi lm

and/ or negat ives to c reate the fi na l 4 p ieces o ffi lm used for p rocess pr in t ing, St r ipp ingcom p le tes the fi lm s wh i ch a re then used tocreate th e ac tua l pr in t ing p la tes .

SubstrateHo r izon ta l layer or bed of var iou s m ater ials(m e ta l, rubb er , e t c.) o n w h i ch p r i n t im agesreside to prod uce th e pr in ted p iece, e .g . p la tes ,ro l le rs, e tc. Or the m ater ia l ont w hich i t i sp r i n ted .

SWOPAbbrev ia t ion for th e Rev ised Spec ificat ions forWeb Offset Publ icat ions; a set of specificat ionsfo r co lou r separa t ion fi lm s and co l ou r p roofin gregard less o f w ho m anufac tures the co lourp roo f .

System FileA fi le th e M ac in to sh uses to get i tse lf go ing. TheSystem file is the m aster t raf f ic cop d i rect ing al lthe com pu ter s func t ion in g. To op erate proper ly ,the Sys tem fi le m ust be p laced in th e SystemFo lde r . Do no t m ove o r renam e th i s fi l e.

TCP / I P(Transm iss ion Con t ro l Protoco l / In ternet

Proto co l ) Th is is the su i te o f p ro toco ls thatdefi nes the In ternet . Or ig ina l l y designed fo r theUN IX op erat ing system , TCP/ IP softw are is no wavai lab le for every m ajor k ind o f com pu terop erat ing system . To b e t ru ly on th e In ternet ,your com pu ter mu st have TCP/ IP sof tw are.See: IP Nu m ber, In ternet

Teach TextApple suppl ied sof tw are to read read m e fi les.Teach Text i s a bare bo nes w ord processor .

Tear SheetActua l ads torn f rom m agazines and sent toadver t isers qu i te o f ten w i th the in vo ice.

TelnetThe com m and and p rog ram u sed to l og in f romon e In ternet s i te to anoth er . The te lnetcommand /p rog ram ge ts you to the l og i n : p rompt o f ano the r hos t .

TerminalA dev ice that a l low s you to send com m ands to acom pu te r som ew here e lse . A t a m in imu m , th i s

usual l y mean s a keybo ard and a d isp lay sc reenand som e s imp le c ircu i t ry . Usual ly you w i l l useterm ina l sof tw are in a personal com pu ter . Thesof tware pretend s to be ( em ulates) a ph ysicalte rm ina l and a ll ow s you to t ype com m ands to acompu te r somewhere e l se .

Terminal ServerA spec ia l purpo se com pu ter that has p laces top l ug i n many m odem s on o ne si de , and aconnec t ion to a LAN o r hos t m ach ine on theoth er s ide. Thu s the term ina l server do es the

w ork o f answ er ing the ca l ls and passes theconnec t ions on to the approp r i a te nod e . M os tterm inal servers can pro vide PPP or SLIP serv icesi f connec ted to the In ternet .See: LAN, Mo dem , Host, Nod e, PPP, SLIP

t

19



20/22

Text StockA paper s tock used for d ata sheets , and oth er

pr in t ing w here the s t i f fness o f the m ater ia l i s no tas im po rtant as Cover stock.

TIFFThe ab brev ia tion for Tagged Im a g e Fil e Fo r m a t .A spec ific w ay to save scanned or com pu tergenerated im ages for t rans fer to o th erappl i ca t ion.TIFF suppo r ts bo th b lack and w hi te and co lour .Uncoated Of ten re ferred to as cop ier paper , th iss tock has no coat ing and a l lows ink absorpt iondu r ing the pr in t ing p rocess . As the ink i sabsorbed by the var ious paper fi bres i t d i f fuses

the im age and lessens cont ras t betw een co lou rs.Uncoated stock is less expensive than coateds tocks , and is o f ten used to reduce cos ts on jobsw here qua l i ty i n no t t h e p r im ary concern .

Under Colour Add i t ionA technique used to add cyan, magenta andyel low pr in t ing do ts in d ark neut ra l areas o f the

rep roduc t i on .

Under Colour Rem oval(UCR) The techn ique o f reduc ing the cyan,m agen ta and yel low con ten t i n n eu t ral a reas o fthe rep roduc t i on and rep laci ng them w i th b l acki nk so the rep rodu c t ion w i ll appear no rm a l bu tw i l l use less ink.

U N I XA com pu ter operat ing system ( th e bas icso f tw are runn ing on a com pu te r , und ernea thth ings l i ke wo rd p rocessors and spreadsheets ) .UNIX is des igned to b e used by m any peop le a tthe sam e t ime ( i t is m u l t i use r ) and h asTCP/ IP bu i l t i n . I t is the m ost com m on o perat ingsys tem for servers on th e In ternet .

Unlock1 To m o ve t h e p l ast ic ta b o n a fl o p p y d i sk so

that you can w r i te or save to the d isk .2 To se le ct t h e ico n o f a n ap p l ica ti o n o r

do cum ent , se lect Get In fo f rom the Filem enu and c li ck i n t he ba l l o t box i n theupper r ighthand corner o f the Get In fo

w i n d o w .

UpIn pr in t ing, tw o up , three up , e tc. re fers toim pos i ti on o f m a te ri a l t o b e p r i n ted on a l argersheet to take advantage of ful l press capaci ty .

U RL( U ni form Resource Locator) The s tandard way to

g ive the address o f any resource on the In tern ettha t i s pa r t o f t he Wor l d W ide Web (WWW).A URL loo ks l ike this :h t tp : / / w w w .m at isse .ne t / sem ina rs.h tm l o rte lnet : / / w e l l .s f.ca.us o rnew s:new .new users.qu es t ion s e tc . The m ostcom m on w ay to u se a URL is to en te r i n to aWWW b row ser program , such as Netscape,or Lynx.See: Brow ser, WWW

UsenetA w or ldw ide sys tem o f d iscussion grou ps , w i th

comments passed among hundreds o ftho usands of m achines . No t a l l Usenet m achinesare on the In ternet , m aybe ha l f . Usenet i scomplete ly decent ra l i sed, wi th over 12,000discussion areas, cal led new sgroup s.

UV VarnishUsual ly a h igh g loss lacquer coat ing ap pl ied o f fl ine by s i lk screen and dried by Ul tra Violet l ight,used to en hance an im age or create an e f fec t .This is an extra and often expensive process,bu t can be u sefu l for em ph asis, tex ture or

glossiness. I t can be appl ied as an overal lcoat ing or in defi ned areas (Spot UV varn ish) .

ValueThe degree in a colour or Grey that varies froml ight to dark .

VarnishVarnish in the print ing process is just l ike varnishat hom e. When a co lour p iece i s varn ished af terpr in t ing, the resu l t ing p iece h as a very br ight an dshiny fin ish.

Vellum FinishI n paperm ak ing , a too thy fin i sh w h i ch i sre lat i ve ly absorbent for fast ink pen et ra t ion .

Veronica( Very Easy Ro d e n t O r iented N e t w i d e Index toCompute r i sed A rch ives) Developed at theUnivers i ty of Nevada, Veronica is a constant ly

upd a ted da tabase o f t h e nam es o f a lm os t eve rym enu i tem on th ou sand s of goph er servers . TheVeron ica database can be searched f rom m ostm a jo r g o p h e r m e n u s.See: Goph er

v

u

20



21/22

VersionA num ber show ing wh a t ed i t i on you h ave o f a

p iece o f sof tw are (usual l y app l ies to ap p l i cat ionsand to App le operat ing system sof tware) .Sof tw are is a m ov ing target by w hich I m ean i t i sconstan t ly be i ng up da ted and (p resum ab l y)im proved . I t i s im por tan t t o keep up w i th thela test versions o f the m ajor app l i ca t ion s you uset o d o y o u r w o r k .

VirusA p rog ram tha t can m ess up you r ha rd d r ive anddam age fi les . V iruses can be spread throu ghne tw orks, bu l l e t in b oa rds and m os t o f ten w henyou pu t a con tam ina ted flo ppy d i sk i n you r

m achine. LunaGraph ics Assoc ia tes recom m end sthat every ow ner get Sym ant ic Ant ivi rus for th eM ac in to sh (SAM ). SAM can be set toautom at ica l ly scan every flo pp y you pu t in yourdrive.

VolumeAn a l l pu rpose w ord gen era l ly re ferr ing to som ek ind o f s torage dev ice. You r in terna l h ard d isk i sa vo l ume.

W A I S( W id e A re a In fo rmat i on Servers ) A com m erc ia lsof tware package that a l lows the index ing o fhuge qu an t i ti es o f i n fo rm a t ion , and then m ak ingthose indices searchable across networks suchas the In tern et . A prom inent feature o f WAIS isthat the search resul ts are ranked according tohow re levant the h i ts are , and that subsequentsearches can fi nd m ore s tu f f l ike that las tbatch an d th us refine th e search process.

W AN(W ide A rea Ne tw ork ) Any In te rne t o r ne tw orkthat covers an area larger than a s ing le bu i ld ingo r cam pus . See: Internet, intern et, LAN, Netw ork

W AP( W i reless Appl i cat ion Pro toco l ) . A l lowscel lph on es to access a cut do w n version o f thein ternet .

W ater less Li thography

Refining th e Bas ic Pr inc ip le o f l i thography . In thenex t f ew years, you w i ll hea r m ore and m oreabou t w ater less o f fset as the pro cess becom esm ore w ide ly used in europ e. A lmo st any o f fsetpr in t ing press can be conver ted to run w ater lessi f it i s re t rofi t ted w i th a coo l ing sys tem th at

am on g other th ings , he lps m ainta in the ink stem perature. New er presses are ava ilab le w i ththe convent iona l dam pen ing system p ic turedabove and a coo l ing sys tem so that they can runw ater less. Spec ia l p la tes m ust be used so thatthe n on im age area st i l l repe ls the Ink .

W ebA ro l l o f paper used in web or ro tary pr in t ing.

W ire O B indingDou b le loop s o f w i re shaped i n to a com b andinser ted through a ho le punched s tack .

W W W

( W or ld W id e W eb) Two mean ings .Fi rst , loosely used: The whole constel lat ion ofresources that can be accessed using Gopher,FTP, HTTP, Telnet , Usenet, WAIS and som e o the rtools. Second: The universe of hypertext servers(H TTP servers ) w hich are th e servers that al lo wtext, graph ics, sou nd fi les, etc...to be m ixedtogether .See: Browsers, FTP, Gopher, HTTP, Telnet, URL,WAIS

ZI F( Zero Inser t ion Force) . A ZIF socket can b eopened and c l osed b y m eans o f a lever o rscrew . When op en, there the ch ip m ay beplaced in the socket w i thou t any pressure a t a l l ,the socket is then c losed, causing i ts contacts togr ip the p ins o f the ch ip . Such sockets are u sedwhere ch ips are inser ted and removedf requent ly

ZIP Code( Zo n e Im p r o v e m e n t P l an) US mai l Code.Es tab l i shed in 19 63 , the system of 5 d ig it codesthat iden t i fies the ind iv idua l po s t o f fi ce orm etropo l i tan area de l i very s tat ion assoc ia tedw i th an add ress . ZIP+4 is an enh anced codecons ist ing o f th e 5 d ig i t ZIP Code an d fo uraddi t ion a l d ig i ts that iden t i fy a spec ific range ofdel ivery ad dresses.

ZIP Disk

High capac i t y (100Mb o r 250 Mb) removab les torage m edium for PC and M ac in

tcp glossary

Documents