taxonomy of animalia – sb091321 · farid k. muzaki, s.si., m.si jurusan biologi fmipa – its...
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Farid K. Muzaki, S.Si., M.Si
Jurusan BIOLOGIFMIPA – ITS Surabaya
THE ECHINODERMSTaxonomy of Animalia – SB091321
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Characters (1)
Calcareous endoskeleton arising from mesodermal tissue and
( )
gcomposed of separate plates or ossicles; each plate originates as a single calcite crystal and develops as an open meshwork structure called a stereomstructure called a stereomAdults with basic pentamerous radial symmetry derived from bilaterally symmetrical larvae (when present); body parts organized about an oral–aboral axisNo excretory organsA water-vascular system of coelomic origin that extends from the body surface as a series of tentaclelike projections (podia or tube feet)(p )
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Characters (2)( )
Locomotion by tube feet, which project from the ambulacral areas, or by movement of spines, or by movement of arms, which project from central disc of the movement of arms, which project from central disc of the bodyThe external parts of the tube feet, or podia, can serve a variety of functions, including locomotion, gas exchange, feeding, attachment, and sensory receptionDevelopment through free swimming bilateral larval stages Development through free-swimming, bilateral, larval stages (some with direct development); metamorphosis to radial adult or subadult form
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Echinoderm bauplanp
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Echinoderm bauplanp
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Echinoderm diversityy
A cladogram showing relationship between between classes of Echinoderm
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Class 1: ASTEROIDEA
Body stellate with five or more arms; arms not set off from Body stellate with five or more arms; arms not set off from central disc by distinct articulationsAnus on aboral surface; mouth directed toward substratum; ambulacral grooves openTube feet with internal ampullae, with or without suckersM d b l CD b lMadreporite aboral on CD interambulacrum
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Some of Asteroids
Fromia monilis
Culcita novaeguineaeg
Linckia laevigata
Acanthaster plancii
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Fact sheet
In every reef in the world, blooming of crown-of-thorn crown of thorn sea star causing major damage to the reef; therefore considered as a harmful pest a a u pes for coral reef
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Class 2: OPHIUROIDEA
B d with fi b h d b h d ti l t d Body with five unbranched or branched articulated arms, clearly set off from a central discAmbulacral grooves closedgTube feet with internal ampullae but without suckersAnus lacking Madreporite on CD interambulacral plate on oral surface, often reduced
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Ophiuroid bauplanp p
General overview of an Ophiuroid
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Some of Ophiuroid
Ophiolepis superba
Ophiothrix pnereidina
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Some of Ophiuroid
Ophiarachna affinis
Ophiomastix pannulosa
Macrophiothrix longipedalongipeda
Ophiarthrum pictum
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Class 3: ECHINOIDEA
B d l b di id l ft d il bil t lBody globose or discoidal, often secondarily bilateralWith movable spinesAmbulacral grooves closed; with internal jaw apparatus Ambulacral grooves closed; with internal jaw apparatus (Aristotle’s lantern)
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Echinoid bauplanp
General overview of an Echinoid
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Echinoid bauplanp
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Some of Echinoid
Echinometra mathaei
Echinothrix calamaris
Tripenustes gratillagratilla
Mespilia globulus
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Class 4: HOLOTHUROIDEA
Body fleshy, sausage-shaped, elongate on oral–aboral axisSkeleton usually reduced to isolated ossiclest b f t ti ti l b ttube feet sometimes entirely absentMadreporite internalAmbulacral grooves closed; with circlet of feeding tentacles Ambulacral grooves closed; with circlet of feeding tentacles around mouth
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Holothuroid bauplanp
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Some of Holothuroid
Holothuria hilla
Holothuria atra
Synaptula lampertilamperti
Stichopus ocellatus
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Fact sheet
Di Surabaya dan Sidoarjo, sejenis teripang yang teripang yang dikenal dengan nama lokal “terung” dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan bebas pa ga bebas kolesterol
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Class 5: CRINOIDEA
Body form as a cup or calyx with oral surface directed upwardBody form as a cup or calyx, with oral surface directed upwardAboral stalk, when present, arising from calyxAmbulacra on arms that bear pinnules; ambulacra may branch p ; ymore than once, branches equalAmbulacral grooves open; skeletal plates fused in calyx, but
l d l harticulated elsewhereNo external madreporite; mouth and anus on oral surface
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Crinoid bauplanp
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Some of Crinoid
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T i K ihTerima Kasih