Mh;Nfh \Py;l; gw;witg;G

gw;witg;G Kiwfs; gw;witg;GcgNahfj;jpy; cs;s rjtPjk;

,e;jpah Kd;Ndwpa ehLfs;

1. Mh;f; gw;witg;G 84% 30٪

2. kiwe;j Mh;f; gw;witg;G (Submerged Arc) 7% 8%

3. Nf]; cgNahfpj;J gw;witg;G (MIG) 7% 60% (40% Solid wire, 20% Core wire)

4. Nf]; lq;];ld; Mh;f; gw;witg;G (TIG) 2% 2%

Mh;Nfh \Py;l; vd;why; vd;d?

Mh;Nfh \Py;l; vdgJ %d;W thAf;fs; Mh;fhd;> Mf;]P[d;> kw;Wk; fhpky thA ,itfspd; fyg;G MFk;. ,e;j thAf;fspd; xt;nthd;wpd; jdpj;jd;ikahy; gw;witg;G Kiwapy; gy gyd;fs; fpilf;fpwd.

Mh;fhd; ( Argon ):

Mh;f;if ey;y Kiwapy; Vw;gLj;jTk;> nkl;ly; khw;wk; ey;y Kiwapy; elf;fTk; Fiwe;j ];Ngl;lh;fs; (SPATTERS) mikaTk; cjTfpwJ.

Mf;]p[d; ( oxygen ):

Mh;f;if xUKfg;gLj;jTk;> %y cNyhfj;ij <uj;jd;ikahf;fTk;> gw;witg;ig ed;Kiwapy; elf;fTk; cjTfpwJ.

fhpky thA (fhh;gd;-il-Mf;i]L - Co 2):-

,J Nfhg;ig Nghy ngdpl;Nu\iD (PENETRATION) cz;lhf;fp> ey;y cWjpahd gw;w itg;ig epiy epWj;JfpwJ.

Mh;Nfh \Py;l; gw;witg;G

I.rp.vg;. (I.C.F.) Mh;Nfh\Py;l; Adpth;ry; thA fyg;ig gp.X.rp (B.O.C.) cjtpAld; cgNahfg;gLj;j Jtq;fpAs;sJ.

Mh;Nfh\Py;l; Adpth;ry; thA fPNo cs;s rjtPjj;jpy; fye;Js;sJ.

- 86% Mh;fhd;- 12% fhpky thA (Co2) kw;Wk;- 2% Mf;]p[d; (O2)

,e;j thA fyg;G iky;l; ]Pby; (MILD STEEL) 3(mm) kp.kP. fdj;jpypUe;J 16 kp.kP (mm) rhjhuz gw;witg;gpw;F cjTfpwJ. ,e;j thA fyg;ig cgNahfg;gLj;Jtjpdhy; cz;lhFk; gyd;fs;.

1. Mh;f;if (ARC) epiy epWj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j ];Ngl;lh;]; (Spatters).

2. nty;l; nkl;ly; cUtk; ed;F mike;J> nty;l; nkl;ly; cgNahfj;ij Fiwj;jy; (SAVINGS IN WELD METAL).

3. Ntfkhd gw;witg;G> ,jdhy; cw;gj;jp mjpfkhf;fp> Ml;fspd; nryit Fiwj;jy; (Readuce labour costs)

4. gw;witg;gpd; juj;ij cah;j;jp ghfq;fs; tPzhtij jtph;j;jy;.

fhpky tha;tpw;F (Co2) gjpyhf Mh;Nfh\Py;l; cgNahfg;gLj;Jtjdhy; Vw;gLk; gzr; rpf;fdq;fs;:

ilg; mg; [hapd;l; - 12kp.kP (mm)(TYPE OF JOINT) (H.V.F. FILLET)tahpd; msT - 1.2kp.kP. (mm)(WIRE SIZE)nty;bq; fz;b\d; - ];g;Nu buhd;];gh;

(SPRAY TRANSFER)ghJfhg;G thAtpd; cah;T - 370%(Increase the Shielding gas)tahpd; (Wire) cgNahfj;jpy; Fiwg;G - 20.5%

kpd;rhu cgNahfj;jpy; Fiwg;G - 18.5%

nkhj;jj;jpy; cgNahfj;jpy; Vw;gLk; rpf;fd Fiwg;G (wire, Gas & power) - 5%

Ml;fspd; nryT Fiwg;G - 18%

nkhj;jj;jpy; gw;witg;G Fiwg;G - 9.5%

Mh;Nfh \Py;l; Adpth;ry; cgNahfj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; gyd;fs;:-

1. ed;F Mh;f; (ARC) epiy epWj;Jjy;2. vy;NyhUk; cgNahfg;gLj;Jjy;3. kpf Fiwe;j mf;]pNl\d; (Oxidation)4. tah; (Wire) cgnahfk; Fiwj;jy;5. Fiwe;j tisT> neypTfs; (Low Distortion)6. Ntfkhf nray;gLjy;7. ];g;Nu/gy;];/bg; buhd;];gh; (SPRAY/PLUSE/DIP TRANSFER)8. kl;lkhd gPl; mikg;G kw;Wk; ngdpl;Nu\d; (PENETRATION) (tpuy;fs;

my;yJ itd; Nfhg;ig Nghd;w ngdpl;Nu\d;)

Nrkpg;Gfs;:

1. tah; (Wire) cgNahfj;jpy; Nrkpg;G 15% Kjy; 30% tiu.2. nty;bq; Neuj;jpy; Nrkpg;G 15% Kjy; 30% tiu

Fwpg;G:1. nty;bq; \Py;l;> N\l; ek;gh; 13 - gpy;lu; fpyhi]

cgNahfg;glj;j Ntz;Lk;.

2. thA xOFjy; vy;yh ,lj;jpYk; fl;LgLj;jp> thA tPzhFtij jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;. Vndd;why; Mh;fhd; thAtpd; tpiy mjpfk;.

3. Md;b ];Ngl;lh; cgNahfpf;fj; Njitapy;iy.

(tpuy;fs; my;yJ itd; Nfhg;ig ngdl;nu\d;)

thA ntl;Ljy;: vh; fhh;gd; topKiw

fUtpfs;:

Mh;f; fhh;gd;> Mh;f; fl;bq;fps; cgNahfpf;fg; gLk; fUtpfs; gpd; tUtd:AC, DC my;yJ AC/DC ntd;bq; kp\pd; Vh; fk;u]h; my;yJ fk;gu];l; Vh; rpypz;lh;.fk;gu];l; Vh; X];Vh; fh;gd;> Mh;f; lhh;r; fUtp mjDld; Vh; n[l; bit]; mike;jpUf;Fk;.

vyf;NuhL:vyf;NuhL fh;gd; tbtj;jpYk; my;yJ fpuhigl; tbtj;jpYk; my;yJ fhh;gd;

fpuhigl; ,uz;lk; fye;j tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

Vh;fhh;gd; fl;bq; vyf;NuhL %d;W tifg;gLk;:-

i) DCEP gpisd;ii) DCEP nrk;G G+rg;gl;lJiii) AC nrk;G G+rg;gl;lJ

nrk;G G+rg;gl;l vyf;NuhL Mf;]pNlrd; Mtij Fiwf;Fk; mJ vyf;Nuhil Fspikahf itj;jpUf;f cjTk;.

thA ntl;Ljy;:- nra;tjw;fhf cjTk; fhh;gd; vyf;NuhL 4 kp.kP. kjy; 25.4 kp.kP tiu ntt;NtW tbtq;fspy; tUk;.

thA ntl;Ljy; nra;Kiw:-

xU fUtpapd; mfyj;ijAk; moj;ijAk; itj;J vyf;Nuhil Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;. thA ntl;Ljy; nra;Ak; NghJ Vh; (ePuhtp) ];hPk; Mh;if Nehf;fpNa ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,J Mh;f; Vw;gLk; ,lj;jpy; cs;s cNuhfq;fis Cjp ntspNa js;Sk;.nth;bfy; Nfhzj;jpy; thA ntl;Ljy; NkypUe;J fPo; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb

nra;Ak; NghJ Mh;f; Vw;gLk; ,lj;jpypUe;J cUFk; epiyapy; cs;s cNyhfq;fis GtpaPh;g;gpd; Jiz nfhz;L mfw;Wk;.

Mhprhz;ly; Nfhzj;jpy; thA ntl;Ljy; nra;Ak; NghJ tyJ Gwkhf Muk;gpj;J ,lJ Gwkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

JiyNky; Nfhzj;jpy; thA ntl;Ljy; nra;Ak;NghJ vyf;NuhL Xy;lhpy; cs;s ikaf; Nfhl;bw;F ,izahf vyf;Nuhil nghWj;j Ntz;Lk;.

Vyf;NuhL tpl;lj;jpw;Nfw;g kpd;rhu nghUj;jk; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

vyf;NuhL tpl;lk; kpd;rhu nghUj;jk; (Mk;gpah;) DCEP

AC vyf;NuhL (Mk;gpah;)

INCH MM MIN MAX MIN MAX5/32 4.0

3/16 4.8

1/4 6.4

90 150

150 200

200 400

- -

150 200

200 300

5/16 7.9

3/8 9.5

1/2 12.7

5/8 15.9

3/4 19.1

1 25.4

250 450

350 600

600 1000

800 1200

1200 1600

1800 2200

- -

300 500

400 600

- -

- -

- -

gw;witg;gpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; nghJhd FiwghLfs;

Xu jukhd gw;witg;G vd;gJ rPuhd tl;l tbtkhfTk;> rhpahd mfyk; cilajhfTk;> ed;whf CLUtpAk; ,Uf;Fk;. ntspg;Gwj; Njhw;wj;jpy; ve;j FiwghLfSk; ,d;wp ,Uf;Fk;.

FiwghLfs;:-

FiwghL vd;gJ> gw;witf;fg;gl;l cNyhdj;jpy; mjw;F Njitahd tYitAk;> cWjpiaAk; juhJ.

FiwghLfis ,uz;L tifahf gphpf;fyhk;:-

i) ntspg;Gw FiwghLfs;ii) cs;Gw FiwghLfs;

ntspg;Gw FiwghLfs;:-

cs;Fop (or) gs;sk;:0 (Undercut)

xU gs;sk; my;yJ fhy;tha; Nghy; cNyhfj;jpy; gw;witf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;.

fhuzq;fs;:-

kpd;rhuk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy;gw;witf;gpd; Ntfk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy;cNyhfk; gw;witg;gpd;NghJ mjpfkhf #lhdhy;gw;witg;G fk;gpapd; Nfhzk; jtwhf ,Ue;jhy;gw;witg;gpd; NghJ gw;witf;Fk; jpir my;yJ gw;witg;Gf; fk;gpf;Fk;> cNyhfj;jpw;Fk; milg;gl;l J}uk; khw;wg;gl;lhy;

mtw;iw jLf;f:-

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;f:-

- rhpahd kpd; msT- rhpahd gw;witg;G Ntfk;- rhpahd kpd;rhug;gha;r;ry;- rhpahd Nfhzk; (gw;witg;G fk;gpapd;)

mjpfkhf cNyhfk; epuk;gpaJ:- (Over lap)

,J cUfpaepiyapy; gw;witg;G fk;gpapy; ,Ue;J gw;witf;f Ntz;ba cNyhfj;jpy; CLUthtpl;lhy; Vw;gLk;.

fhuzq;fs;: (Causes)

- Fiwthd kpd; msT- gw;witg;gp;d; Ntfk; Fiwe;jhy;- gw;witg;Gf;fk;gpf;Fk;> gw;witf;f Ntz;ba cNyhfjjpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s

J}uk; gw;witg;Gf;fk;gpapd; tpl;lj;ij tpl mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; (Long Arc)- gw;witg;Gf; fk;gpapd; tpl;lk; (Dia) mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy;

mtw;iw jtph;f;f (Remedies)

- rhpahd kpd; msT- rhpahd gw;witg;gpd; Ntfk;- rhpahd Arc Length- rhpahd tpl;lKs;s gw;witg;Gf; fk;gp cNyhfj;jpd; fzj;jpw;Nfw;g

CJ Jis (Porosity)

CJ Jis my;yJ thAg; ig vdg;gLk; ,J gy Ez;zpa Jisfis gw;witg;gpd; Nky; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;.

fhuzq;fs;:-

mRj;jq;fs; gw;witf;f Ntz;ba cNyhfj;jpNyh> gw;witg;Gf; fk;gpapNyh ,Ue;jhYk;> kw;Wk; ry;gh; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhpahf Rj;jk; nra;ag;glhj NrUk; ,lq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; ,it Vw;gLk;.

mtw;iw jLf;f:-

cNyhfj;jpy; ,Ue;J vz;nza;> ngapz;l;> J}rp Nghd;wtw;iw ed;whf Rj;jk; nra;J ePf;fp tpLtjhy; mtw;iw jLf;fyhk;.

ed;whf fha;e;j gw;witg;Gf; fk;gpfis cgNahfpg;gjhy; jLf;fyhk;. Long Arc-I cgNahfpf;f $lhJ.

rpwpa cNyhfk; (Spatters)

rpwpa cjug;gl;l cUfpa cNyhfq;fs; gw;witg;gpd; NghJ gw;witf;fg;gLk; ,lj;ij jtpu kw;w ,lq;fspy; rpjwp ,Ug;gJ rpjwpa cNyhfk; vdg;gLk;.

fhuzq;fs;:-- kpd;msT mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy;- kpd;rhuk; ghAk; jpir jtwhf ,Ue;jhy; (DC only). Long Arc

cgNahfpj;jhy; rhpahd fyit G+rg;glhj gw;witg;Gf; fk;gp cgNahfpj;jhy; ,it Vw;gLk;.

mtw;iw jLf;f (Remedies):-

- rhpahd kpd; msit cgNahfpj;jy;- kpd;rhug; gha;r;riy rhpahd jpirapy; mikj;jy; (DC only) - rhpahd Arc length cgNahfpj;jy;- rhpahd gw;witg;Gr; fk;gpia cgNahfpj;jy;

cNyhfj;jpd; Kid cUfptply;:-

fhuzq;fs;:-

- gw;witg;Gf; fk;gpapd; msT mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy;- kpd; msit mjpfkhf cgNahfpj;jhy; mtw;iw jLf;f- rhpahd msthd gw;witg;Gf; fk;gpia cgNahfg;gLj;Jjy;- rhpahd kpd; msit cgNahfpj;jy;- rhpahd Nfhzj;jpy; gw;witg;Gf; fk;gpia cgNahfg;gLj;Jjy;

- mjpfkhf gw;witg;G cNyhfj;ij gad;gLj;jp Throat-d; fdj;ij mjpfg;gLj;Jjy;.

gpsT (Crack):-

xU E}ypio ,ilntsp gw;witj;j cNyhfj;jpNyh> fPo; cNyhfj;jpNyh Vw;gLk;.

fhuzq;fs;:-

- cNyhfj;ij Ntfkhf Fspur; nra;jy;.- jtwhd gw;witg;G top Kiwfs;- gw;witg;Gf;F Kd;Dk;> gpd;Dk; cNyhfj;ij #LgLj;j jtwpdhy;

(In case of carbon steels)

mtw;iw jLf;f:-

- gw;witg;Gf;F Kd;Dk;> gpd;Dk; cNyhfj;ij rhpahd epiyf;F #LgLj;Jtjhy;

- nkJthf Fspur; nra;tjhy;- rhpahd gw;witg;G Kiwfis ifahStjhy;.