tamaño y fuerza del estado
TRANSCRIPT
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State-Building:The Missing Dimensions of Stateness
Francis Fukuyama
Johns Hopkins UniersitySchool of !danced "nternational Studies
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Functions of the State
Source: #orld Bank$ #orld Deelopment %eport$ &''(
Addressing market failure Improving equity
Minimal Functions Providing pure public goods
Protecting the
poor
Defense
Antipoverty
programs
Law and rder Disaster relief
Property !ights
Macroeconomic management
Public "ealth
Intermediate Functions
Addressing
e#ternalities$
!egulating
monopoly$
vercoming
imperfect information$
Providing social
insurance
Providing social
insurance$
education utility regulation Insurance
!edistributive
pensions
environmental protection anti%trust Financial regulation
Family
allowances
&onsumer protection
'nemployment
insurance
Activist Functions
&oordinating private
activity$ !edistribution$
Fostering markets
Asset
redistribution
&luster initiatives
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The Scope of State Functions
M i n i m
a l F u n c t i o n
s
I n t e r m
e d i a t e F u n c
t i o n s
A c t i v i s t F u n c t i o n s
) r o i d i n g p u r e p u * l i c g
o o d s
D e f e n
s e $ + a , a n d o r d
e r
) r o p e r t y r i g h t s
M a c r o
e c o n o m i c m a n a g e m e n t
) u * l i c
h e a l t h
" m p r o i n g e - u i t y
) r o t e c
t i n g t h e p o o r
.-a/is
! d d r e s s i n g e / t e r n a l i t i e s
0 d u c a t i o n $ e n i r o n m
e n t
% e g u l a t i n g M o n o p o l y
1 e r c o m i n g i m p e r f e c t e d u c a t i o n
" n s u r a n c e $ f i n a n c i a l
r e g u l a t i o n
S o c i a l
" n s u r a n c e
" n d u s t r i a l p o l i c y
# e a l t h r e d i s t r i * u t i o n
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T,o Dimensions of Stateness
Scope of State Functions
S t r e n g t h
o f S t a t e " n s t i t u t i o n s
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State 2apacity
state function
c a p a c i t y
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Stateness and 0fficiency
Scope of State Functions
S t r e n g t h
o f S t a t e " n s t i t u t i o n s
3uadrant " 3uadrant ""
3uadrant """ 3uadrant "4
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The Stateness Matri/
Scope of State Functions
S t r e n g t h
o f S t a t e " n s t i t u t i o n s
USS%
Japan
Bra5il
Sierra +eone
United States
France
Turkey
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2hange oer Time
Scope of State Functions
S t r e n g t h
o f S t a t e " n s t i t u t i o n s
USS% &'67
Japan &'67
%ussia 8777
Japan 877&
9e, ealand &'6&
9e, ealand &'';
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%eform )aths
Scope of State Functions
S t r e n g t h
o f S t a t e " n s t i t u t i o n s
)ath ""
)ath "
)ath """
)ath "4
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Ta/ 0/traction %ates < )er 2apita =D)
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2omponents of "nstitutional 2apacity
component discipline transferability
rgani(ational design andmanagement
management) publicadministration) economics high
Institutional design
political science)
economics) law medium
*asis of legitimation political science medium%low
+ocial and cultural factors sociology) anthropology low
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#eak States and the Black Hole
of )u*lic !dministration> 2entral issue of all organi5ational theory is
delegated discretion
> Underlying issue in socialism de*ate
?Hayek@$ corporate structure ?2handler@$
federalism
> 2ontemporary approach *rings this under a principal-agent frame,ork
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)rincipal-!gent Theory
> 2oase$ theory of the firm &'A(
> !lchian and Demset5$ firms as ne/us of
contracts &'(8
> #illiamson$ opportunism and *ounded
rationality
> Jensen and Meckling$ agency costs &'(
> Fama$ markets for managers &'67
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Domains of 1rgani5ational
Uncertainty> !m*iguity of goals
> "mpossi*ility of erecting formal system of
monitoring and incenties
> "na*ility to determine appropriate degree of
delegation ex ante
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)u*lic Sector 1utputs
+o, Transaction olume High
+ o ,
S p e c i f i c i t y
H i g h
3uadrant " 3uadrant ""
3uadrant """ 3uadrant "4
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Monitora*ility of )u*lic Sector 1utputs
+o, Transaction olume High
+ o ,
S p e c i f i c i t y
H i g h
2entral *anking
!ircraft maintenance
)rimary school teaching
High,ay maintenance
)reentatie medicine
Telecoms
=uidance counseling
Foreign affairs
%ailroads
Uniersity education
2ourt systems
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2onseuences of 1rgani5ational
!m*iguity> 9eed to understand *etter ,here different
pu*lic sector actiities fall in the matri/
C Seek to fi/ pro*lems that are actually sola*le
> 9e, approaches to actiities for ,hich
there are no *est practicesE
> 9eed to teach deelopment differently
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#hat follo,s if pu*lic
administration is not a science> 9eed for metis ?Scott@
> Does not necessarily imply leaing local
institutions in place> %euires rather conte/tual Gudgment a*out
applica*ility of foreign models
> 9eed to think a*out the structure ofdecision-making rather than content ofdecisions
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!pplications
> Japan: Mac!rthurs decision to keep the
0mperor
C ersus the clean *reak in =ermany
> "ra: dis*anding the "rai !rmy
> "ra: tri*alism in the Sunni triangle
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Making Things #orse
> "F"s and donor community complicit in
destruction of institutional capacity
> 2ontradiction *et,een o*Gecties of
capacity-*uilding and proision of serices
> 9eed to rethink aims and emphasis of )hase
"" nation-*uilding
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"mplications for Democracy
)romotion> 9eed to rethink &''7s emphasis on ciil
society
C =ood theory *ut uestiona*le allocation ofresources
> 9eed to deal first ,ith pro*lem of ,eak
states C )arty-*uilding ahead of ciil society promotion