taiwan by design : 88 products for better living
TRANSCRIPT
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Yoawom as o fystbry os at as o faron`b. O sfo`̀ as`omi am
thb Zonan Knbom nkmstomt̀ y swbpt ey thb nhomgamg
taibs kl navà asotakms, at bfbrgbi ot thb turm kl thas
nbmtury os kmb kl thb lkur Yagbr Bnkmkfabs kl thb
Bost. Zraforà y at onhabvbi thas ey raiamg km thb ?11:siagato ̀ekkf4 thb ‘B`bntrkmans Camgikf‑ hos ebbm
fomulonturamg ollkrioe`b goigbts omi nkfputbrs kl o`̀
camis afogamoe`b, tbms kl fà àkms kl whanh orb shappbi
orkumi thb wkr̀ i bonh ybor. Yhb umprbnbibmtbi wbo t̀h
nrbotbi iuramg thas bro as proasbi os thb eoncekmb kl
Yoawom‑s ibvb`kpfbmt’o t̀hkugh thb sunnbss hos ebbm
`kmg am thb focamg, omi amvk`vamg o `kt fkrb thom
Lkrebs momnao ̀nhorts nku`i bvbr rbvbo .̀
AMYUKIRNYAKM
Qà om Nkumty am thb bor`y fkrmamg, wath guoriaom ebost4 Yurt̀b As`omi
At as thb amtbmtakm kl thas ekkc tk amtrkiunb
o iallbrbmt vabw kl Yoawom, os sbbm thrkugh thb bybs
kl o mbw gbmbrotakm kl nrbotavb pbkp`b possakmotb`y
nkmnbrmbi oekut ats luturb omi ats hbratogb. Yhb kedbnts
lboturbi hbrb pabnb tkgbthbr o stkry kl thb as`omi‑s
losnamotamg nu t̀uro ̀focb up omi troiatakms. Yhby o`sk
amtrkiunb `kno ̀ibsagm bxnb`̀ bmnb, whanh ibspatb
ebamg km por wath thb ‘ebst kl thb ebst‑ am amtbrmotakmo`
prontanb as rb`otavb`y umcmkwm kutsaib kl spbnao àst
narn`bs.
Yoawombsb ibsagmbrs hovb o eag nho`̀ bmgb
ohboi kl thbf. Os fkst fomulonturamg hos rbnbmt̀ y
rb`knotbi kllshkrb, amiustrao ̀ibsagm hos mbbibi tk
fkvb owoy lrkf troiatakmo ̀`kw-nkst prkiuntakm tk
hagh-vo`ub nrbotakm kl kragamo ̀prkiunts thot focb
pbkp`b‑s àvbs bosabr, hoppabr omi fkrb bmranhamg.
Zbrhops sunnbss as tk eb lkumi am ibsagm hyeraiaty4 o
pbnu àor̀ y Yoawombsb rbfax kl hagh-tbnh omi homi-
foib, hagh-n`oss omi foss-prkiunbi, k`i omi mbw.
@kkcamg thrkugh o `kno ̀ibsagm prasf, wb
iasnkvbr nrbotavb amsparotakm ofkmgst thb vomashamg
wkr̀ is kl maght forcbts omi tbfp`b squorbs4 thb p`onbs
omi tafbs whbm pbkp`b àvbi am horfkmy wath moturb
omi ortasoms wbrb rbnkgmasbi lkr thbar fostbry kl
fotbrao`s. N`ossano ̀b`bfbmts lrkf nk`kmao ̀ornhatbnturb
omi thb worfth kl thb troiatakmo ̀hkfb orb rbafogambi
ombw, omi nkmtbfpkrory kedbnts orb amlusbi wath thb
stkrabs kl b`ibrs whk rbfbfebr àlb eblkrb ureomasotakm.
Gbmbrksaty kl hbort, hastkry omi aibos oekumi.
Am thas nkmtbxt, Yoawom ey Ibsagm as thb rst
nkfprbhbmsavb ekkc kl thb b`bfbmts omi amubmnbs
shopamg o mbw Osaom ibsagm obsthbtan4 hori tk ibmb,
bosy tk ib àght.
YOAZBA4 OM OUYALANB KL
NUBOYAKM
Yhb sfo`̀ as`omi as `knotbi am thb Yoawom t̂roat o`kmg
thb Yrkpan kl Nomnbr, wath Nhamo tk thb wbst omi Ckrbo
omi Dopom tk thb mkrth. Yhb `omi nkmsasts foam`y kl
fkumtoam romgbs sprow àmg o`kmg thb bost nkost omi
thb nbmtro ̀p`otbou, wath skfb ot p`oams tk thb wbst
whbrb thb wkr̀ i‑s fkst ibmsb`y pkpu`otbi natabs orb
euà t. Yhb tbntkman ekumiory thot lkrfbi ats fogmanbmt
`omisnopb as stà ̀ontavb omi trbfkrs orb lb t̀ lrbqubmt̀ y.
Os al thas as mkt bmkugh irofo, trkpano ̀stkrfs omi
typhkkms nrosh thb shkrbs bonh ybor. Yk shab`i pbkp`b
omi prkpbrty lrkf moturb‑s lury nkmnrbtb rbamlkrnbfbmtas prbsbmt bvbrywhbrb, bspbnao`̀ y am Yoapba.
O luturastan-sty`b fbtrkpk às, Yoawom‑s nopato`
as om ortanb kl nrbotakm. O`̀ ats fkibrm strunturbs orb
euà t am onnkriomnb wath sbasfan euà iamg stomioris omi
prbporbi tk wathstomi ybors kl tkrrbmtao ̀roam omi
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hufaiaty. Yhby orb sk ài omi solb eut rorb`y obsthbtano`̀ y
p`bosamg. Yhb raib lrkf thb amtbrmotakmo ̀oarpkrt tk
thb naty smocbs lkr om hkur‑s iravb o`kmg thb fossavb
nk`kmmoibs kl o ikue`b-tabr haghwoy. Am thb ikwm
tkwm iastrants, wath thb bxnbptakm kl o lbw trbb-̀ ambi
eku`bvoris, thb prbsbmnb kl vbgbtotakm oppbors os om
oltbr-thkught4 homgamg lrkf rkkl guttbrs, squbbzamg
thrkugh nroncs am povbfbmts, kr ibnkrotamg nkmstruntakm
satbs am whot thb `kno`s no`̀ ‘grbbm nbfbtbry wo`̀ s‑. Mkt
surprasamg`y, rst tafb vasatkrs mi thb bmi`bss strbtnhbs
kl Eruto àst ornhatbnturb om ossou t̀ km thb sbmsbs (pogb
> Ms‑ kl ibsagm’mbw
fotbrao`s, mbw lumntakms, omi mbw usbs’rbamvbmtamg
thb twk-whbb`br tafb omi ogoam amtk o vbrsotà b vbhan`b.
Wath fkrb thom >: pbr nbmt kl Yoawom‑s pbkp`b àvamg
am grbotbr Yoapba, thb naty‑s pkpu`otakm ibmsaty as mkwofkmgst thb haghbst am thb wkr̀ i. Yhb àfatotakm kl àvamg
sponbs as o fodkr bvbryioy nkmumiruf thot mbbis tk eb
sk`vbi thrkugh n`bvbr ibsagm. Omythamg thot as lk`ioe`b,
stoncoe`b, nk`̀ opsae`b kr famaoturasbi omi bosà y
pkrtoe`b as vo`ubi hbrb (pogb 7
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bxnhomgbs wath Dopom omi _amg Iymosty Nhamo
kurashbi. Ats ontavatabs turmbi thb umcmkwm àtt̀ b as`omi
amtk kmb kl thb fkst afpkrtomt troib ibstamotakms am Osao
ot thot tafb.
Yhb `bgony `blt ey thb Iutnh (?
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ossafà otakm prkgrofs, cmkwm os ckfamco, pbkp`b
oikptbi Dopombsb os thb klnao ̀`omguogb, lovkurbi
Dopombsb iabt omi bvbm turmbi tk ^hamtkasf lkr sparatuò
guaiomnb. Nkmsbqubmt̀ y, thb nu t̀uro ̀shalt thot knnurrbi
shopbi omi ibmbi Yoawom os iastamnt̀ y iallbrbmt tk
thb foam`omi’o fottbr thot nkmtamubs tk eb hkt̀ y
nkmtbstbi.
Yhb ho`̀ forcs kl Dopombsb obsthbtans orb
bfu`otbi am thb wkrcs kl fomy ibsagmbrs. Lkr bxofp`b,
poncogamg ibsagm lk`̀ kws thb Dopombsb opprkonh kl at
ebamg om bxtbmsakm kl thb prkiunt. Os thb Yoawombsb
tbmi tk p`onb grbot afpkrtomnb km bmhomnamg thb
opprbnaotakm vo`ub kl galts, poncogamg kltbm prbsbmts
vasuo ̀stkrabs, ibnkrotakms, kr lk`iamg amtbmibi tk focb
prkiunts fkrb oikroe`b. ^k funh sk thot skfbtafbs
thb wroppamg as fkrb bmtanamg thom thb nkmtbmts!
Oltbr Dopom‑s nopatu`otakm am Wkr̀ i Wor AA,Yoawom wos rbturmbi tk thb foam`omi eut thb rbumakm
wos shkrt àvbi. Wath Fok Tbikmg‑s Nkffumast Zorty
lkumiamg thb Zbkp`b‑s Ubpue àn kl Nhamo am ?191 (omi
thbrbey nhomgamg thb pk àtano ̀systbf), thb rbpue ànom
motakmo àsts hoi mk kthbr kptakm eut tk rbtrbot tk Yoawom
whbrb thb durasiantakm kl thb Ubpue àn kl Nhamo wos
bstoe àshbi. Yhb sp àt ebtwbbm thbsb twk ikntrambs
forcs thb ebgammamg kl whot wku`i ebnkfb ot tafbs
o trbonhbrkus, ot kthbrs om kppkrtumastan, rb`otakmshap
ebtwbbm thb foam`omi omi thb as`omi. Ibspatb ebamg
thb rst Osaom nkumtry tk hk`i o ibfknrotan b`bntakm
omi tk eb sb l̀-gkvbrmbi, Yoawom as om outkmkfkus stotb
wathkut o erkoi`y rbnkgmasbi motakmhkki. Yhas as, am
atsb l̀, rbforcoe`b.
HKFB KL WKU@I
YUBO^RUB^
Wath thb navà umrbsts kl thb bor̀ y 5:th nbmtury `boiamg
tk thb oeianotakm kl thb `ost bfpbrkr kl Nhamo, o `orgb
pkrtakm kl thb ortblonts kl thb Lkreaiibm Naty am Ebadamg
hoi tk eb bvonuotbi omi bvbmtuo`̀ y erkught tk solbty tk
thb as`omi. Yoawom ebnofb hkfb tk kmb kl thb wkr̀ i‑s
fkst afpkrtomt nu t̀uro ̀amstatutakms4 thb Motakmo`
Zo`onb Fusbuf am Yoapba, kr Gu-gkmg . Ats pbrfombmt
nk`̀ bntakm ossbfe`bs o`fkst 7::,::: pabnbs kl thb fkst
sagmanomt Nhambsb ortblonts lrkf thb Mbk àthan bro tk
thb `ost Iymostan bfpbrkr. Yhbsb losnamotamg kedbnts
mkt km`y rbnkri post gbmbrotakms‑ rb`bmt̀ bss sbornh lkr
sparatuo ̀sustbmomnb’ibravbi lrkf thb tbonhamgs kl
Bostbrm phà kskphy omi thb nu t̀avotakm kl thb orts’eut
thby o`sk à `ustrotb thb ibvb`kpfbmt kl mbw tbnhmaqubsomi obsthbtans.
Am iymostan tafbs, umibr thb potrkmogb kl thb
afpbrao ̀nkurt, ortasoms bxpbmibi grbot bllkrts tk pbrlbnt
thb focamg kl ratuo ̀omi bvbryioy kedbnts usamg o
vorabty kl fotbrao`s sunh os pkrnb`oam, `onqubr, bmofb ,̀
avkry, wkki, omi eofekk. Lurthbrfkrb, Gu-gkmg hk`is
prbnakus ortblonts erkught tk thb bfpbrkrs ey lkrbagm
bfassorabs. Yhb safà oratabs ebtwbbm thbsb omi thb
kedbnts foib am thb afpbrao ̀nkurt rbvbo ̀thot kutsaib
amubmnbs hovb nkmtraeutbi tk oivomnamg thb Nhambsb
navà asotakm, omi thot ats nhorontbr as nufu`otavb omi
p`uro àstan lrkf ats vbry ebgammamg.
Ofkmgst thb fusbuf‑s fkst pkpu`or bxhaeats
orb thb nurak ekxbs lrkf thb _amg Iymosty pbraki.
Yhbar stracamg ibsagms orb amtranotb`y nkmstruntbi kl tamy
sbntakms amtbmibi lkr solbcbbpamg omi haiamg famaoturb
vo`uoe`bs. Yhb bxquasatb`y norvbi ammbr nkfportfbmts
wbrb usuo`̀ y foib kl somio`wkki wath pkrnb`oam kr
fkthbr-kl-pbor̀ am`oys. ^kfb iasp`oy ib ànotb amc erush
amsnraptakms. Yhb bxtbrakr as mashbi am `onqubr omi gk`i
`bol. \asuo`̀ y stummamg, thb ekxbs o`sk orb wkmirkus
bxofp`bs kl sponb ibsagm blnabmny4 mk novaty as
`blt hk`̀ kw kr umusbi. ^unh k`i amvbmtakms orb grbot
amsparotakms lkr prkiunt ibsagmbrs whk nkmstomt̀ y osparb
tk mi o eo`omnb ebtwbbm lkrf, lumntakm omi ebouty.
Yhb fusbuf‑s iarbntkr, Frs Famg-Nhu Lumg,
hos nhofpakmbi kppkrtumatabs lkr Yoawombsb ibsagmbrs
tk stuiy ats vost nk`̀ bntakms. ‘Am 5::1 wb hb`i kur rst
Nu t̀uro ̀omi Nrbotavb Ibvb`kpfbmt Nofp omi kpbmbi
kur go`̀ brabs tk ortasoms omi ibsagmbrs amtbrbstbi am
tryamg kut mbw pothwoys lkr amtbrprbtamg k`i ortblonts.
Whot thby nofb up wath wos rbo`̀ y forvb`̀ kus! ^kfb
nrbotbi iagato ̀omi amtbrontavb bxpbrabmnbs3 kthbrsafpramtbi hkfb ibnkr omi lurmashamgs wath sty àsbi
ibtoà s lrkf lofkus no`̀ agrophan wkrcs3 nkmtbfpkrory
dbwb̀`bry ibsagms bfbrgbi, ofozamg mbw tbo-worb,
stotakmbry, bvbm fkeà b phkmb onnbsskrabs wbrb
foib. Kur samnbrb wash as thot sunh troamamg prkgrofs
bmhomnb thb prkiuntavaty kl rb`otbi amiustrabs. At as o
gkki woy tk suppkrt omi prkfktb Yoawombsb ibsagm‑,
soys Frs Lumg bmthusaostano`̀ y.
Kmb kl Gu-gkmg‑s cby eusambss amataotavbs hos
ebbm thb spbnao ̀ ànbmsamg prkgrof thrkugh whanh
sbvbro ̀`kno ̀nkfpomabs’Yattkt, Lromz, MbwNha,
Nhu`̀ bry omi kthbrs, os wb`̀ os Ato àom nkfpomy O`bssa’
hovb ibvb`kpbi prkiunts eosbi km lofkus pabnbs
lrkf thb nk`̀ bntakm, sbvbro ̀kl whanh orb lboturbi hbrb.
^pbnao àsamg am mb pkrnb`oam, Lromz hos gronbi iamamg
toe`bs orkumi thb wkr̀ i wath ats krmofbmto ̀p`otbs, nups
omi vosbs ibnkrotbi wath snu`ptbi kwbrs,
`kvbearis omi omafo`s. Wkr̀ i `boibrs hovb bxnhomgbi
ats kedbnts os fbssbmgbrs kl gkki wà .̀ ‘Kur fassakm as
tk rbvavb n`ossano ̀ort amtk kedbnts thot suat nkmtbfpkrory
tostbs‑, stotbs Lromz Nhbm, lkumibr omi NBK. ‘Wb orb
sunnbsslu ̀ebnousb wb stravb tk nkfeamb thb ebst kl
Bostbrm omi Wbstbrm ibnkrotavb ibsagm cmkw`bigb. Eut
tk fb at‑s mkt sk afpkrtomt al thb nkfpomy hos o `kmg-
tbrf `kmgbvaty kr mkt. Whot‑s ot thb hbort kl kur wkrc
as tk eramg amtk thb wkr̀ i prkiunts thot nku`i wathstomi
thb tbst kl tafb, thot orb suestomtao ̀omi, iorb A soy, hovb
skfb afpont tk hufomaty. Wku`i thby `ost ?:: ybors;
Yhot‑s thb rbo ̀ibo !̀‑
Ofaist thb Lk̀wbrs o Dug kl Wamb, Motakmò Zo`onb Fusbuf 1:th Qbor Ommavbrsory Wamb Ektt`b
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forcbt ibfomi grbw, am ?17?, o spbnao àsbi amiustrao`
ibsagm ibportfbmt ibianotbi tk prkiunt ibvb`kpfbmt
wos lkrfbi. ^kkm oltbr Yotumg ebnofb o ebmblontkr kl
o tbnhmk`kgy umavbrsaty omi o vknotakmo ̀snhkk ,̀ ekth
bstoe àshbi tk prkvaib spbnao àst troamamg tk prkspbntavb
bfp`kybbs omi tk iravb Yoawombsb prkiunt ibsagm
ammkvotakm lkrwori (pogb ?78).
Iuramg thb fortao ̀`ow tafb’prafora `y kut kl
lbor thot wath thb afpkrtotakm kl roiaks pbkp`b wku`i
àstbm tk nkffumast prkpogomio ebofbi lrkf onrkss
AMIR^YUAO@ EKKF
Am Yoawom thb pbraki lrkf thb ?12:s tk ?18:s wos o
horsh bro ru`bi ey fortao ̀`ow iuramg whanh o`̀ lkrfs
kl nu t̀uro ̀bxprbssakm hoi tk eb rb-lrofbi watham o
Hom Nhambsb nkmtbxt omi omythamg iastamnt̀ y `kno`
ebnofb toekk. Yhb rbgafb supprbssbi o`̀ pk àtano`
kppksatakm, ruth`bss`y troncamg ikwm bvbm thb loamtbst
hamt kl iassbmt. Yhb `bgonabs kl thb Dopombsb nk`kmao`
tafb wbrb kvbrwrattbm ey o mbw vknoeu`ory kl n`ossano`
Nhambsb thbfbs omi afogbry. Fomioram Nhambsb
rbp`onbi Dopombsb os thb klnao ̀`omguogb whà b thb
`kno ̀Yoawombsb `omguogb, spkcbm ey thb fodkraty kl thb
pkpu`otakm, wos pushbi amtk thb pravotb ikfoam.
Ebnousb kl ats strotbgan pksatakm iuramg thb
`kkfamg Ckrbom Wor (?12:„?12>), Yoawom sagmbi
o futuo ̀iblbmnb trboty wath thb Rmatbi t̂otbs, os atwos `boiamg thb RM trkupbs tk iblbmi thb ^kuth kl
thb Ckrbom pbmamsu`o whà b Nhamo eoncbi thb Mkrth.
Mbbiamg o pkwbrlu ̀rbgakmo ̀o`̀ oy, Ofbrano pkurbi
lkrbagm oai omi amvbstfbmt amtk thb `kno ̀bnkmkfy.
Yhas suatbi thb tbnhmknrony-nbmtrbi p`ommamg kl thb
gkvbrmfbmt os at spborhboibi Yoawom‑s amiustrao àsotakm
thrkugh bmgambbramg eosbi km thb R ̂fkib .̀ Ey
oikptamg Ofbranom cmkw-hkw, fomy eusambssbs
bxpomibi ropai`y omi prktoe`y. Om à `ustrotavb bxofp`b
as thb fossavb turmorkumi kl amiustrao ̀gaomt Yotumg Nk.
(bst. ?1?8). Am o `omiforc kvbrhou ̀strotbgy, thb stbb`
fomulonturbr sbt lkrth tk iavbrsaly ats kpbrotakms amtk
ibsagmamg omi prkiunamg o`̀ camis kl mbw b`bntrano`
opp àomnbs, amn`uiamg rblragbrotkrs, oar nkmiatakmbrs,
tb`bvasakm sbts, roiaks omi fkrb. Ot rst, thb am-hkusb
tbnhmanaoms wkrcbi am ats prktktypamg nbmtrbs eut os
thb Yoawom t̂roat’rbstrantakms wbrb afpksbi km roiak
nkfpkmbmts lrkf thb foam`omi. Os o rbsu t̀ fomy `kno`
ossbfe`y p`omts stortbi tk focb thb mbbibi ports. Ey
afp`bfbmtamg R ̂omi Burkpbom amiustrao ̀prknbssbs
omi utà asamg nhbop ikfbstan `oekur, thbsb eusambssbs
ebnofb hagh`y sb l̀-sulnabmt omi nopoe`b kl prkiunamg
o`fkst omythamg ibfomibi ey kvbrsbos n àbmts. Yoawom
ebnofb o fomulonturamg hue lkr skfb kl thb wkr̀ i‑s
fkst pkwbrlu ̀eromis. Eut thas gkki lkrtumb wos
o ikue`b-bigbi swkri ebnousb wkrcamg lkr kthbrs
fbomt àtt̀ b nkmnbrm lkr ibsagm vo`ub4 nkumtbrlbatamg
wos waibsprboi. Yhb `onc kl nkpyraght prktbntakm
wrbocbi hovkn km thb forcbtoeà aty kl Yoawombsb
gkkis omi ibfktavotbi ibsagmbrs lrkf ibvb`kpamg
kragamo ̀prkdbnts. Os om amtbrvbmtakm fbosurb thb nbmtro`
gkvbrmfbmt foib om ofeatakus fkvb tk turm thb
bnkmkfy orkumi kmnb ogoam4 thb eboutalu ̀as`omi wossbt tk ebnkfb tbnhmk`kgy as`omi.
Iuramg thb ?18:s o motakmo` p`otlkrf lkr
oivomnamg thb erkoibr ebmbts kl amiustrao ̀ibsagm
thrkugh tbnhmk`kgy wos bstoe àshbi. Yoawom ebnofb
kmb kl thb lkumibrs kl thb Amtbrmotakmo ̀Nkumnà kl
^knabtabs kl Amiustrao ̀Ibsagm (AN ÂI) o`kmgsaib thb fkst
pkwbrlu ̀ibsagm motakms kl thb rbgakm4 Dopom, Ckrbo omi
Oustro ào. Gkvbrmfbmt-suppkrtbi krgomasotakms stortbi
tk kllbr spbnao àsbi troamamg omi stogbi bxpksatakms lkr
amtbrmotakmo ̀euybrs. Onrkss thb tbrtaory amstatutakms
amiustrao ̀ibsagm ebnofb rbnkgmasbi os o iasnap àmb am
ats kwm raght, iastamnt lrkf bmgambbramg. Amougurotbi am
?18?, thb Yoapba Amtbrmotakmo ̀Ibsagm Bxhaeatakm, Yoawom
Ibsagm Bxpk‑s prbibnbsskr, grbw amtk o `oumnh poi lkr
`kno ̀prkiunts.
Yhb sbnkmi wovb kl thb amiustrao ̀ekkf
erkught bfpkwbrfbmt. ^kfb kl fkst rkeust
tbnhmk`kgy nkfpomabs am thb wkr̀ i’Onbr Amn,
O^R^YbC Nkfputbr Amn (pogb 5:8), _uomto Nkfputbr
Amn, Yoawom ^bfankmiuntkr Fomulonturamg Nk @ti,
omi Iotbx ^ystbfs Amn (̀ otbr I-@amc Nkrp)’wbrb
bstoe àshbi iuramg thas bro. Yhbsb pkwbrhkusbs kl thb AY
amiustry prkiunbi o vost romgb kl atbfs4 lrkf ibsctkp
nkfputbrs, toe`bts, ot snrbbms omi sfort phkmbs, tk
fkthbrekoris, grophan noris omi sbrvbrs. ‘Foib am
Yoawom‑ ebnofb thb eromi.
MBW BUO KL
AMMK\OYAKM OMI
NUBOYA\AYQ
Wath thb oivomnbfbmt kl thb g`keo ̀forcbt bnkmkfy
kl thb ?11:s Yoawom lkumi atsb l̀ ot o mbw nrkssrkoi.Forcbt àebro àsotakm bmoe`bi nkfpomabs tk troib
g`keo`̀ y, eut at o`sk nho`̀ bmgbi thb vbry lontkrabs thot
hoi nrbotbi ats prkspbraty am bor̀ abr ibnoibs. Os thbsb
nku`i mk `kmgbr kllbr nkfpbtatavb oivomtogb, thbar
lkrbagm amvbstkrs stortbi rb`knotamg. Fomy prbvakus`y
thravamg amiustrabs s`kwbi ikwm3 p`onbs kmnb vaeromt
wath ontavaty sumc amtk ghkst tkwms.
Nu t̀uro ̀rbamvbmtakm omi bnkmkfan rbmbwo`
orksb thrkugh o mbw wovb kl ibsagm thamcamg.
Nkfpomabs wà àmg tk bvk`vb thbar kpbrotakms lrkf
kragamo ̀bquapfbmt fomulonturbr (KBF) tk kragamo`
ibsagm fomulonturbr (KIF) govb thbfsb`vbs o nhomnb
tk bfbrgb lrkf thb ibpths kl thb ikwmturm rb`otavb`y
umsnothbi. Am oiiatakm tk focamg gkkis lkr kvbrsbos
euybrs, thbsb nkfpomabs lknusbi km amvbstamg am thbar
kwm AZ omi stortbi rb`bosamg prkiunts umibr thbar kwm
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eromis, os rbnkumtbi am skfb kl thb stkrabs hbrb.
Ykioy Yoawom‑s potbmts rbgastrotakm pbr nopato as
bxnbbibi km`y ey thb R ̂omi Dopom, romcamg at ofkmgst
Osao‑s fkst cmkw`bigb-iravbm bnkmkfabs. Ibsagmbrs
orb nkmsnakus kl thb mbbi tk ibvb`kp thbar rbputotakm
km thb fbrats kl thbar kwm kragamo ̀wkrc. Yhby hovb
`bormbi lrkf prbvakus gbmbrotakms thot oioptoeà aty,
fotnhbi wath blnabmny omi hagh quo àty, as bssbmtao ̀tk
rbfoamamg rb`bvomt am o hagh`y g`keo àsbi amiustry.
Yhb sb l̀-amataotavb kl thb nrbotavb nkffumaty as
bspbnao`̀ y nkffbmioe`b. Am 5::< o grkup kl ibsagmbrs
wkrcamg ot O^R ,̂ tkgbthbr wath pbbrs lrkf kthbr
ibsagm hkusbs, stortbi fbbtamg oltbr hkurs am o nolb am
Yofsua, o hastkrano ̀iastrant mkrth kl Yoapba. Iassotasbi
wath thb `onc kl nrbotavb kut̀ bts am thbar ioytafb dkes,
thby pkmibrbi4 Whot wku`i at tocb lkr Yoapba tk hovb o
ibsagm bxpksatakm safà or tk thksb kl Fà omk omi Ykcyk;Yhby wbrb nkmvamnbi thot al thb amiustry wos tk foturb,
om kpbm omi lrbb nrkss-iasnap àmory iao`kgub oekut
ibsagm hoi tk eb stafu`otbi. Yhby cmbw ibsagmbrs hoi
tk prkontavb`y usb thbar scà `s mkt km`y tk sbrvanb thb
nkrpkrotakms eut o`sk tk stort thbar kwm eusambssbs. Yhb
nkmnbpt lkr Yoawom‑s kwm ibsagmbr‑s wbbc bvbmtuo`̀ y
bfbrgbi.
Yhb ibsagmbrs pkk`bi pbrskmo ̀rbskurnbs tk
stogb thbar rst bxhaeatakm kl ot thb prbstagakus Bs àtb
Ekkcstkrb. Nurotbi nk`̀ oekrotavb`y umibr thb thbfb
kl ‑2: Ebmnhbs‑, at lboturbi os fomy bxofp`bs kl thb
pkpu`or atbf kl lurmaturb. Ot o tafb whbm Yoapba‑s
trbmisbttbrs wbrb cbbpamg up wath thb `otbst loshakms
nkfamg lrkf Burkpb omi Dopom, thb shkw wos eag
mbws ebnousb bvbrythamg km iasp`oy wos `kno .̀ Am thb
lk`̀ kwamg ybor thb grkup stogbi omkthbr bxhaeatakm ot
thb hbratogb àstbi Dopombsb Fà atory Eorroncs, o`sk am
Yoapba‑s Xamya iastrant. \asatkrs wbrb p`bosomt̀ y surprasbi
ey thb iavbrsaty kl kedbnts omi thb nkmibmnb wath
whanh ibsagmbrs rblbrbmnbi `kno ̀thbfbs. Whot ebgom os o erovb bxpbrafbmt grbw amtk
o suestomtao` omi amubmtao` prkdbnt4 am 5::7 thb grkup
rbgastbrbi Yoawom Ibsagmbrs' Wbe os o stuiak, whanh
ebnkfb thb klnao ̀krgomasbr kl Yoawom Ibsagmbrs‑
Wbbc (YWIW), wath Yafkthy @aok tocamg kvbr ats
fomogbfbmt os o lu`̀ -tafb iarbntkr am 5::1. ‘Wb hovb
nkfb o `kmg woy samnb thksb nkllbb shkp fbbtamgs.
Whbm Huoshom Nrbotavb Zorc portmbrbi wath us tk
fkumt kur rst tancbtbi troib shkw wb iaim‑t bvbm hovb
kkr p`oms! Bxhaeatkrs dust erkught am thbar prkiunts
omi sbt thbf up thbfsb`vbs‑, rbno`̀ s bxbnutavb iarbntkr
Ebm Nhau. ‘Ykioy wb hovb fkrb thom 5:: stuiaks
portanapotamg wath kvbr 2:: prkiunts km iasp`oy. Ybms
kl thkusomis kl vasatkrs nkfb tk YWIW omi wb‑rb
amtbrmotakmo`̀ y rbnkgmasbi. Am spatb kl thas trbfbmikus
pkpu`oraty, thb pramnap`b kl ibsagmbrs suppkrtamg ibsagmYoawom Ibsagmbrs' Wbbc 5:?2
sustoamoe`b àvamg lkr `kno ̀nkffumatabs thrkugh thb
rbduvbmotakm kl nu t̀uro ̀troiatakms. Ibsagm as rbgoribi
os o fboms tk euà i fbomamglu ̀nkmmbntakms ebtwbbm
amiavaiuo`s, nkffumatabs omi moturb thrkugh whanh
o fkrb sparatuo`̀ y krabmtbi sknabty nku`i bvk`vb.Onnkriamg tk o survby nkmiuntbi ey thb Famastry
kl Biunotakm, thbrb orb 7: typbs kl nrolts stà ̀ebamg
prontanbi am Yoawom, amn`uiamg popbr nuttamg, cmkttamg,
wkkie`knc pramtamg, doib stkmb norvamg omi popbr ̀ omtbrm
focamg . O sfo`̀ grkup kl ortasoms nkmtamubs tk ià agbmt̀ y
usb thas cmkw`bigb tk cbbp thb troiatakms o àvb lkr luturb
gbmbrotakms.
Os port kl ats fassakm tk prktbnt nu t̀uro ̀ossbts
thb Motakmo ̀Yoawom Nrolt Ubsbornh Amstatutb am Momtku,
tkgbthbr wath Yoawom Ibsagm Nbmtrb, ibvasbi o pà kt
prkdbnt lkr fotnhbi nk`̀ oekrotakms ebtwbbm ortasoms
omi ibsagmbrs tat̀ bi Qaa Nrolt & Ibsagm. Am Fomioram thb
fbomamg kl Qaa hos o spbnao ̀nkmmktotakm. At as foib up
kl thrbb nhorontbrs wath thb sofb skumi ya 4 thb rst昞
rblbrs tk thb eb àbl thot tromslkrfotakm as om umibr̀ yamg
`ow kl Moturb3 thb sbnkmi愋 as thb nhorontbr lkr
hos rbfoambi kur nkrb vo`ub.‑
Yhb gkvbrmfbmt stogbs ats kwm amataotavbs oafbi
ot bmnkurogamg ibsagm bxnb`̀ bmnb. At rberomibi ats
ibsagm nkfpbtatakm amtk Gk`ibm Zam Ibsagm Oworis omi
ibsagmotbi 5:?? os thb ‘Qbor kl Ibsagm‑, nkffbmnamg
wath thb amougurotakm kl ^kmgshom Nu t̀uro ̀omi Nrbotavb
Zorc am Yoapba. @knotbi ot thb lkrfbr ̂ kmgshom Ykeonnk
Lontkry, thb satb as kmb kl thb dbwb`s kl Dopombsb nk`kmao`
ornhatbnturb. Ebnousb thb nkfp`bx wos kragamo`̀ y
bmvasakmbi tk eb om bxbfp`ory ‘amiustrao ̀và `ogb‑, am
oiiatakm tk ats worbhkusbs thbrb orb o`sk o mbk-eorkqub
goribm, moturb pkmi omi rbnrbotakmo ̀lonà atabs. Yhb
eboutalu`̀ y rbstkrbi lontkry satb as mkw hkfb tk Yoawom
Ibsagm Fusbuf, Yoawom Ibsagm Nbmtbr omi sbvbro`
nrbotavb ossknaotakms.
5:?? Qbor kl Ibsagm prbsbmtbi twk fodkr
bvbmts4 Yoapba Wkr̀ i Ibsagm Bxpk omi Wkr̀ i IbsagmNkmgrbss, ekth kl whanh hovb ebbm umprbnbibmtbi am
snkpb omi amtbrmotakmo ̀rbonh. Yhb Bxpk nkvbrbi 97,:::
squorb fbtbrs kl bxhaeatkr sponbs shkwnosamg skfb 28
bmtbrprasbs, 2: ibsagm stuiaks, 9> prkfktakmo ̀ogbmnabs
omi 52 snhkk`s kl ibsagm. ‘Whbm wb wbrb p`ommamg kur
shkw, fomy qubstakms nofb tk fami oekut thb rk`b kl
ibsagm‑, bxp`oams ^bom Hu, nurotkr kl Am E àss, kmb kl thb
bxhaeatakms am thb Bxpk. ‘Wb wbrb oscamg kursb`vbs4 al
ibsagm as usbi tk sk`vb prke`bfs, why asm‑t sknabty foib
ebttbr; Omi whà st thb wkr̀ i as stà ̀bxnatbi oekut thb `otbst
nkffbrnao ̀kppkrtumatabs, thb p`ombt as erbocamg ikwm
am woys thot orb umlothkfoe`b. At sbbfs wb'rb àvamg am
ibmao ,̀ nom ibsagm wocbs us up;‑
^hbiiamg àght km thb eag qubstakms kl kur
tafb, thb Bxpk bfphosasbi thb afpkrtomnb mkt km`y kl
bmvarkmfbmto ̀prktbntakm eut o`sk thb mbnbssaty lkr
Eofekk stkk ̀ey ̂ o`̀ y @am
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‘fbomamg‑, ‘aibo‑ omi ‘wash‑3 thb thari藖 rblbrs tk
‘ortastry‑. Whbm tromsnraebi am thas woy thb nkmnbpt
ebhami Qaa Nrolt & Ibsagm as umibrstkki os om
bxprbssakm kl o ibbp`y hb`i ibsarb thot thrkugh
fbomamglu ̀aibos omi nrbotavaty Yoawom‑s nrolts nom eb
rbvavbi amtk eboutalu ̀prkiunts kr ibnkrotakms. Lkrty
iallbrbmt atbfs wbrb ibvb`kpbi iuramg thb prkgrof.
Ofkmg thbf, o hyerai nhoar ey Zà a Wu (pogb ?5:) omi
o sklo ossbfe`bi lrkf 111 homi-wkvbm eofekk eo`̀ s
ey Cbvam Nhku.
IB^AGMAMG B\BUQYHAMG
B\BUQWHBUB
Mk kthbr `omiforc bxprbssbs fkrb erbothtocamg`y
Yoawom‑s irbof lkr thb luturb thom Yoapba ?:?, thb
ornhatbnturo ̀fostbrpabnb tkwbramg
kmb humirbi omi kmb kkrs oekvb thb
naty. Rmtà rbnbmt̀ y thb to`̀ bst euà iamg
am thb wkr̀ i, thb tkwbr wos ibsagmbi
ey N.Q. @bb omi portmbrs tk rbprbsbmt
o syfeaksas ebtwbbm omnabmt wasikf
omi thb bvk`utakm kl kur tbnhmk`kgano`
tafbs. Om bxtrokriamory bmgambbramg
forvb ̀thot nom wathstomi typhkkms
omi borthquocbs, at as o`sk thb wkr̀ i‑s
`orgbst ‘grbbm‑ euà iamg. Yhb tkwbr
nkffbfkrotbs thb orravo ̀kl thb
mbw nbmtury omi o`̀ uibs tk o luturb
umibrpammbi ey tbnhmk`kgy. Yhb foam
strunturb nkfprasbs baght sbgfbmts
kl baght kkrs bonh, wath thb mufebr
88 sagmalyamg grbot lkrtumb. t̂y àstano`̀ y, Yoapba ?:?rbsbfe`bs o pogkio, thb troiatakmo ̀nkmmbntkr ebtwbbm
Hbovbm omi Borth, os wb`̀ os o eofekk sto`c surgamg
wath grkwth omi strbmgth.
Yhas bogbrmbss lkr rbmbwo ̀omi prkspbraty
as lb t̀ bvbrywhbrb orkumi thb nopato .̀ âmnb 5:??,
ats nrbotavb nkffumaty tkgbthbr wath thb `kno`
gkvbrmfbmt nofpoagmbi hori tk wam thb eai lkr
Yoapba‑s oppkamtfbmt os thb 5:?< Wkr̀ i Ibsagm Nopato .̀
Yhbfbi ‘Oioptavb Naty4 Ibsagm am Fktakm‑, thb prkgrof
oafs tk bfebi ibsagm thamcamg amtk bvbry ospbnt kl
thb naty‑s gkvbrmomnb, eo`omnamg fkibrmasotakm wath
bmvarkmfbmto ̀prktbntakm omi sustoamoeà aty.
‘Yoapba hos ats kwm umaqub nhorontbr4 k`i maght
forcbts nom stà ̀eb sbbm raght mbxt tk u t̀rofkibrm
euà iamgs. Wb orb vbry amtbrmotakmo ,̀ ybt tkto`̀ y `kno .̀ Am
thb prknbss kl prbporamg thb eai wb iasnkvbrbi thot al at
wbrb tk prkvaib ebttbr sbrvanbs lkr rbsaibmts omi vasatkrs
kur naty‑s pue àn oifamastrotakm hos tk bferonb ibsagm
thamcamg onrkss o`̀ `bvb`s‑, nkffbmts Ykmy Nhbm, lkrfbr
iarbntkr kl Yoawom Ibsagm Nbmtrb. ‘Wb bmdky o wkr̀ i-
n`oss fbtrk systbf eut fkst lonà atabs mbbi tk eb foib
umavbrso`̀ y onnbssae`b. Yhbrb as o `kt kl snkpb tk afprkvb
thb grbbm nrbibmtao`s kl kur nopato .̀ A hkpb kmb ioy
ibsagm pbrfbotbs bvbry ospbnt kl hkw wb ̀ avb am Yoapba.‑
Yhb 88 amsparamg prkiunts lboturbi am thas ekkc
ibfkmstrotb thot thas wash nom eb rbo àsbi. Lkr o p`onb
whanh hos hoi tk oiopt sk fomy tafbs, omi whanh am
Yoamom, Br àok Fkumtoam ̂ umrasb
skfb woy stà ̀strugg`bs tk ibmb ats aibmtaty, thb hagh
rbputotakm kl Yoawom‑s fomulonturamg omi ibsagm as
o hori-bormbi onhabvbfbmt. Yhb kedbnts prbsbmtbi
tkgbthbr hbrb tb`̀ om outhbmtan stkry4 oekut o p`onb
whbrb nbmturabs kl nrolts troiatakms nkmtamub tk eb
prontanbi o`kmgsaib thb `otbst ibvb`kpfbmts am iagato`
fbiao. Ykioy at as mk ̀ kmgbr ‘Foib am Yoawom‑ thot
fottbrs. Amstboi, thb ibbp wkrth kl thas wkrc as thot at as
ibsagmbi km thb Eboutalu ̀As`omi.
Ommab Avomkvo
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88 ZUKIRNY^
88
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> x >
Fkiu`b L`kwbr Zkt
>+5 Ibsagm ^tuiak | Nhau Ykmg Z`ostans
Am ibmsb`y pkpu`otbi natabs `acb Yoapba, pkrtoe`b
`omisnopamg spkmtombkus`y sprkuts orkumi rbsaibmtao`
orbos4 eua`iamg bmtromnbs, morrkw `ombs omi o``bys
kltbm kvbrkw wath pkttbi p`omts. Yhbsb fama kosbs
kl ib`anotb grbbmbry nkvbr up thb nkmnrbtb sprow`s,
eut thby nom eb bosa`y rbpotraotbi tk shb`tbr lrkf
fbmonamg stkrfs. Amikkr sponbs, mk fottbr hkw
nkfpont, o`sk onnkffkiotb thb pkttbi goribm
phbmkfbmkm.
‘Galtamg o famaoturb p`omt am o sfo`` erkwm
p`ostan pkt as thb cami kl thamg Yoapba hapstbrs wku`i
ik. At‑s o `att`b gbsturb kl ollbntakm‑, soys Boskm Xab.
‘Eut p`omts orbm‑t tkys3 thby mbbi norb. Fkst kl us gbt
`ozy `kkcamg oltbr thbf4 lkr surb, A'f gua`ty kl fomy
p`omt nrafbs! ^k wb wkmibrbi whot al wb ibsagmbi o
pkt systbf thot nku`i hb`p ureom-goribm bmthusaosts
krgomasb thbar hkeey ebttbr.‑
>x> as o p`omts eoscbt thot ts thrbb amiavaiuo`
sfo`` pkts, wath o nhossas wotbr troy ottonhbi tk ats
eosb. Al p`omts mbbi tk eb tocbm kutikkrs, thb pkts
nom eb ibtonhbi lrkf thb eoscbt omi omnhkrbi amtkska` wath o n`ap-km pbg. Yhas prbvbmts thbf lrkf
tappamg kvbr whbm thb wbothbr ebnkfbs wamiy, kr
al pbts dufp kvbr thbf. Yhb ny`amirano` nkrb kl thb
fkiu`b lumntakms os o stomi lkr thb onnkfpomyamg
sbt kl goribmamg onnbsskrabs, sunh os o p`omt `oeb`,
fogmalyamg g`oss omi snasskrs.
‘Wb foib thb eosam troy ottonhoe`b sk at nom
eb fkvbi tkgbthbr wath thb eoscbt. Yhas lrbbs up kmb
homi tk eb oe`b tk kpbm o ikkr kr turm km o `aght
whbm o pbrskm norrabs thb fkiu`b. Yhb systbf o`sk
iroams bxnbss wotbr, whanh as afpkrtomt. Am Yoawom
fksquatkbs orb rofpomt omi vbry ommkyamg ebnousb
thby tbmi tk gbt ottrontbi ey stogmomt wotbr. Yhb woy
thas prkiunt as ibsagmbi focbs at fkrb ialnu`t lkr
thb pkttbi p`omts tk ebnkfb o erbbiamg grkumi lkr
fksquatkbs.‑
Yhb bogbr goribmbr nom stonc sbts vbrtano``y
kr `amb thbf up tk lkrf o vorabty kl pkttbi
`omisnopbs. Erbocamg owoy lrkf thb troiatakmo`
borthy erkwm pkt, thb prkiunt nkfbs am sbvbm nomiy
nk`kurs thot fax wb`` wath moturb‑s po``bts kl `usnakus
grbbm `bovbs omi kwbr e`kkfs. At as om amvatotakm lkr
nrbotavb bmdkyfbmt ... am o fama pkt!
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9th IAFBM^AKM
Wo`` N`knc
55 Ibsagm ^tuiak
Yhb 9th Iafbmsakm wo`` n`knc as o nkmnbptuo` pabnb
nrbotbi os o vasuo` rbprbsbmtotakm kl thb sponb-
tafb phbmkfbmkm. Foib kl nkmnrbtb, o cby lboturb
kl thb n`knc as ats famaoturb stoarnosb hb`i amsaib o
snu`pturo` ny`amibr. Amstboi kl mufebrs bonh hkur as
rbprbsbmtbi km thb iao` os om osnbmiamg sbgfbmt km
thb sparo` amtbrlonb, wath thb twk bmis kvbr`oppamg ot
thb ?5.::-hkur pkamt. O tamy gop as amtbmtakmo``y `blt
ebtwbbm thb uppbr omi `kwbr bmis kl thb sparo` os o
woy kl o``uiamg tk thb ammatuib kl tafb.
^bt ogoamst o grby wo`` thb n`knc nom eb
o`fkst amiastamguashoe`b lrkf ats ornhatbnturo`
surrkumis. Km`y thb sfkkth fkvbfbmt kl thb thrbb
tham homi`bs amianotbs ats lumntakm os o sa`bmt`y tancamg
tafbpabnb. ̂ bom Qu, lkumibr wath Qatamg Nhbmg,
nrbiats has oifarotakm kl thb grbot Dopombsb ornhatbnt
Yoiok Omik os hovamg hoi prklkumi amubmnb km
hkw hb rbsk`vbi thb lkrf kl thas kedbnt.
O`thkugh nratano` kl thb woy nkmnrbtb as
usbi thrkughkut Yoawom’‘skfb eua`iamgs dust `kkc
owlu`‑, hb oifats’thb ykumg ibsagmbr mis nkmnrbtbom amtbrbstamg fotbrao` tk wkrc wath. ‘A wbmt tk Dopom
km o pbrskmo` pa`grafogb tk skfb kl Omik‑s satbs.
Whot A rbno`` fkst vavai`y lrkf thb trap as thb woy
hb hos foib nkmnrbtb wo``s lumntakm os prkdbntakm
snrbbms upkm whanh `aght omi shoikws orb nkmstomt`y
amtbrp`oyamg ... Yhas afogb kl tafb possamg pushbi fb
tk thamc nratano``y oekut fy n`knc. At hoi tk nopturb o
lbb`amg kl tafb mkt fbrb`y nkumt at.‑
Yhb gbkfbtry omi safp`b fbnhomans kl thb
n`knc pbrlbnt`y nkmvby thas aibo prafora`y thrkugh thb
opp`anotakm kl nkmnrbtb os o fotbrao` kl ornhatbnturo`
iuroea`aty thot o`sk wbothbrs os thb ioys poss. Eut
nroltamg nkmnrbtb ey homi km o tamy sno`b nom eb
nc`b, os thb focbrs skkm iasnkvbrbi.
^bom bxp`oams4 ‘Am thb ebgammamg wb nku`im‑t
gbt thb nkmnrbtb‑s vasnksaty raght4 at mbbis tk eb
sulnabmt`y `kw tk eb fku`ibi ybt vasnkus bmkugh tk
tocb lkrf. At‑s `acb eocamg nocb3 thb faxturb hos tk sbt.
Knnosakmo``y oar euee`bs wku`i gbt troppbi, kr thb
surlonb foy mkt turm kut nkfp`btb`y bvbm. Wb `acb
sunh sfo`` arrbgu`oratabs ebnousb thby orb o moturo`
lboturb kl skfbthamg ebamg nroltbi ey thb hufom
homi. Wb orb familu`, thkugh, thb n`knc mbbis tk
sotasly iavbrsb tostbs omi skfb nustkfbrs prblbr thb
amiustrao``y pk`ashbi mash.‑
9th Iafbmsakm as kmb kl thb fkst pkpu`orprkiunts foib ey thb stuiak. Zbrhops lbb`amg
prbssurbi ey o sbbfamg `onc kl tafb, eusy ureomatbs
bmdky ats pha`kskphano` twast4 tafb foy mkt stomi sta``,
eut ot `bost at as sbt am nkmnrbtb!
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:>
OIBU NHOAU
Brgkmkfan Nhoar
Oibr Nhbm | Xnb``bmt
Mkt o`` klnb nhoars orb nrbotbi bquo`. Yhksb wath
supbrakr brgkmkfans orb lovkurbi os thby nom suppkrt
thb ekiy foamtoam o gkki pksturb kvbr prk`kmgbi
pbrakis kl sbotbi ontavaty. Yhbrb orb p`bmty kl nhkanbs,
kl nkursb, wath skfb n`ossan ibsagms bmdkyamg o
nu`t stotus. Yk eramg skfbthamg mbw amtk o nrkwibi
forcbt sponb as mkt bosy. Lkr ats port, Xnb``bmt hos
ebbm nkffbmibi ey thb lurmaturb amiustry.
Mofbi oltbr ats nrbotkr, thb ibsagm kl thb
Oibr Nhoar hos tocbm amtk onnkumt lumntakmo`aty,
usbr `albsty`b nhkanbs omi pranb. Nkfpomy ibsagm
iarbntkr Oibr Nhbm shorbs has nkmnbrm oekut
wkrcamg am om oivomnbi bnkmkfy whbrb thb strugg`b
lkr omy eusambss as blnabmny4 miamg fkrb nkst-
bllbntavb sk`utakms tk loeranotb o prkiunt wathkut
nkfprkfasamg ats spbnao` lboturbs omi quo`atabs.
‘^attamg ot o ibsc ioy omi maght s`kunhbs thb
spamb omi at as mkt gkki lkr kur kvbro`` wb``ebamg.
Yhb prke`bf wath gkki brgkmkfan nhoars as thot thbar
pranb as sta`` kut kl rbonh lkr thb ovbrogb nustkfbr. Yhb
qubstakm thbm as hkw tk ammkvotb wath thb fotbrao`somi tbnhmk`kgy wb hovb ot kur iaspkso` tk prkiunb
hagh quo`aty klnb lurmaturb thot as o`sk ollkrioe`b.‑
Yhb rst thamg o usbr mktanbs whbm tbstamg thb
Oibr Nhoar as hkw umnkfp`anotbi at as tk kpbrotb. Ats
hbaght omi rbn`amamg omg`b nom eb oidustbi amtuatavb`y.
Yhb shku`ibrs rbfoam rb`oxbi omi wb`` suppkrtbi
ey thb orf rbsts, whanh orb pksatakmbi `kw bmkugh
tk t umibr o ibsc. Yhb nhoar nom eb fomkbuvrbi
sfkkth`y orkumi thb klnb sk iallbrbmt toscs nom eb
pbrlkrfbi wathkut kmb mbbiamg tk gbt up.
Yhb eoncrbst as fku`ibi thrkugh o p`ostan
amdbntakm tkk`amg prknbss. At as s`aght`y ebmioe`b
am kribr tk bx orkumi thb ekiy whbm at tocbs
eonc, lkrth omi saibwoy strbtnhbs. ‘Wb amvbstbi
nkmsaibroe`y am thb prkiuntakm prknbss kl thb
nurva`ambor `ambs kl thb eoncrbst tk bmsurb at gavbs
foxafuf `kwbr eonc suppkrt. Bvbm whbm o pbrskm
womts tk tocb o pkwbr mop am thb nhoar omi rbn`ambs
thb eonc tk 9: ibgrbbs, thb `ufebr suppkrt as sta``
bxnb``bmt‑, bxp`oams Nhbm.
Yhb sbot as poiibi wath o thanc lkof
nushakm, lontkry-fku`ibi omi pumnturbi wath sfo``
hk`bs lkr obrotakm. Yhas haiibm ybt bssbmtao` ibtoa`
lbb`s `acb o e`bssamg iuramg thb swb`tbramg suffbr
fkmths, whbm bvbry klnb wkrcbr nkfp`oams oekut
thb umeboroe`b hufaiaty. Yhb no``agrophan `ambs klthas pabnb focb at e`bmi wb`` wath ekth Osaom omi
Wbstbrm amtbrakr sponbs. Ats b`bgomnb as amvatamg omi
ats nkflkrt oiiantavb. Am Nhbm‑s wkris, tk eb sattamg
km has nhoar as tk ‘bmdky o worf bferonb omi o gkki
lbb`amg thot o`` as wb`` am thb wkr`i‑.
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:9
OBK@R^
^hku`ibr Eog/Wamierbocbr
Yoawom Ybxta`b Ubsbornh Amstatutb
Mofbi oltbr thb ru`br kl thb wamis am Grbbc
fythk`kgy, Obk`us as om oioptoe`b shku`ibr eog
ibsagmbi tk ikue`b up os o loshakmoe`b wamierbocbr
wath o hkki. At wos ibvb`kpbi ot thb amtbrmotakmo``y
rbmkwmbi Yoawom Ybxta`b Ubsbornh Amstatutb (YYUA)
whbrb prkiunt ibsagmbrs wkrc o`kmgsaib snabmtasts tk
ibvasb o`tbrmotavb opp`anotakms lkr hagh-tbnh loerans.
Os o eog Obk`us as eag bmkugh tk norry o
fkea`b phkmb, wo``bt, nksfbtan pkunh, omi sbt kl
cbys. Whbm kpbmbi up thb eog turms amtk o pkncbt
thot as tuncbi amtk thb ammbr eoncsaib kl o doncbt
wath o`` vo`uoe`bs sta`` solb`y cbpt. Yhb erb my`km as
ibravbi lrkf p`omt ka` os ats row fotbrao`. Yhb loeran‑s
strunturo` ibsagm cbbps thb wborbr shab`ibi lrkf thb
wami, omi rb`otavb`y iry. ‘Yhas prkiunt as suatoe`b lkr
Yoawom. Yhb wbothbr hbrb as quatb tbfpbrofbmto` ...
kmb famutb at‑s summy, thb mbxt at roams. At as hb`plu`
lkr o nyn`ast kr o wo`cbr tk hovb o sfo`` atbf km thbf
thot nom kllbr skfb tbfpkrory prktbntakm lrkf thb
b`bfbmts umta` thb pbrskm rbonhbs shb`tbr‑, bxp`oams
Wba-Humg Nhbm. ^nabmtast ey troamamg omi wkrcamg os o sbmakr
fotbrao`s rbsbornhbr, Nhbm as kltbm oscbi tk nrksskvbr
amtk thb b`i kl amiustrao` ibsagm, nkmstomt`y
scbtnhamg aibos thot pktbmtao``y nku`i eb ibvb`kpbi
amtk sfort prkiunts. ‘Yhb rst doncbt wos foib am o
rbbntavb yb``kw nk`kur ebnousb wb wbrb thamcamg
at‑s ebttbr lkr rkoi solbty. Yhb prke`bf wos thot whbm
lk`ibi amtk thb eog at nramc`bs omi skfb pbkp`b lb`t
sb`l-nkmsnakus wboramg n`kthamg thot‑s mkt arkmbi. At
foy skumi o sfo`` thamg eut at hoi tk eb oiirbssbi.
Kmb kl kur n`kth ibsagmbrs, Dofbs Hsu, nofb up
wath o grophan sk`utakm rbp`onamg thb ukrk nk`kur
wath o pottbrmbi pramt. Yhb gbkfbtrano` ibsagm as
quatb loshakmoe`b omi at foscs thb wramc`amg.‑
Fomy kl thb kl prkiunts ibvb`kpbi ot thb
Amstatutb usb erb ibravbi lrkf nostkr ka`, o`sk cmkwm
os eak-eosbi erb, os kppksbi tk thb pbtrk`buf-
ibravbi bquavo`bmts. At as has orbo kl bxpbrtasb, omi
kmb hb possakmotb`y prkfktbs thb bnk`kgano` ebmbts
kl. ‘Ka` as o matb rbskurnb wha`b omythamg grkwamg
lrkf thb borth nom eb rbp`bmashbi. At as o sfortbr
nhkanb‑, hb nkmn`uibs.
Yhb nurrbmt nho``bmgb wath eak-erbs
as tk oivomnb thb fomulonturamg prknbssbs sk
thot thb fotbrao`s omi ibravbi prkiunts ebnkfb
fkrb ollkrioe`b tk fkrb pbkp`b. @acb fomy kl hasgbmbrotakm Nhbm hkpbs thot focbrs omi nkmsufbrs
nom dkam bllkrts tk eb o port kl thb eak-sk`utakm lkr
prktbntamg thb bnk`kgano` eo`omnb kl thb p`ombt.
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OCAOC
Grbbm`omi Zoii`b
GBOU@OE
Lkr thb `kvb kl Moturb4 poii`b kr pbii`b! Wath o
shorbi possakm lkr thb grbot kutikkrs, Hbmry Nhomg
omi Nhumg-^hah ^um `kvb tk ibsagm prkiunts lkr
oivbmturb spkrts bmthusaosts omi tk prkfktb hufom
pkwbrbi, zbrk norekm lkktpramt fkibs kl fkea`aty.
‘^pbmiamg tafb am moturb as om amsbporoe`b port kl kur
woy kl ̀ avamg. Wb hovb o ibsagmbr‑s amstamnt tk sbbc tk
afprkvb thb gbors wb usb sk wb nom focb kur kwm
bxpbrabmnbs fkrb bmdkyoe`b‑, soys Nhomg.
Yhas as hkw thbar nkfpomy wos nrbotbi4
kut kl mbnbssaty. Os ovai coyocbrs, thb twk lrabmis
wbrb usamg Burkpbom sty`b poii`bs, thb km`y fkib`s
ovoa`oe`b am Yoawom. Yhbsb orb eua`t lkr Nounosaom
omotkfano` prkpkrtakms omi orb mkt quatb nkflkrtoe`b
lkr thb Osaom ekiy. Yhb Burkpbom poii`bs orb o`sk
gkki lkr spramtamg os thby prkpb` nkmsaibroe`b
pkwbr eut orb mkt suatbi os `albsty`b gbor lkr ioa`y
bxpbiatakms ebnousb thby nom nousb fusn`b stroam.
Ebamg o Yoawombsb-Nomoiaom, Nhomg
ibnaibi tk rbsbornh thb amiagbmkus coyoc focamg
tbnhmaqubs kl ekth Yoawom omi Nomoio, whanhumbxpbntbi`y tkkc haf o`` thb woy tk Grbbm`omi.
Yhrkughkut thb nbmturabs thb Grbbm`omian Amuat hovb
ibvb`kpbi umaqub sbo-coyocamg tbnhmaqubs usamg
o spbnao``y shopbi gbor cmkwm os thb Grbbm`omi
poii`b. Yhb gbor as `aghtwbaght omi morrkw ybt at
nom gbmbrotb bxnb``bmt hyirkiymofan g`aibs wath
ofozamg blnabmny.
Eosbi km thb Grbbm`omian wkkibm fkib`,
thb twk ibsagmbrs spbmt thrbb ybors ibvb`kpamg ats
fkibrm nkusam. Yhb umaqub lboturb kl OCAOC as thot
at as fku`ibi am norekm erb. At hos o morrkw ekiy
wath ats bxtrbfb waith ebamg dust bmkugh tk o``kw
thb poii`br tk grosp at ebtwbbm thb thufe omi thb
lkrbmgbr am o taght grap. Yhas o``kws lkr kvbr >2
poii`b snrk``s tk eb pbrlkrfbi eosbi km thb Mkrian
poii`amg sty`b.
Yhb oivomtogb lkr thb poii`br as thot o
quanc shalt nom eb foib tk om bxtbmibi grap, thus,
bxtbmiamg thb poii`b lkr eronbs, rk``s kr swbbps am
rbspkmsb tk nhomgamg bmvarkmfbmto` nkmiatakms.
Yhb ibsagm nkmsaibroe`y afprkvbs thb bllbntavbmbss
kl bonh strkcb omi thb ofkumt kl oar pu``bi ikwm
o`kmg thb e`oib. Yhb `aghtwbaght fotbrao` kots km
thb wotbr surlonb, focamg thb poii`b o vbrsota`b tkk`
am vorakus satuotakms. Ats s`af e`oibs orb bosabr tk
fomkbuvrb ey sfo``br ekiabi poii`brs. Yhb romgb
nkfbs am vb grap sazbs whanh nom eb tocbm oport
wath thb n`anc kl o euttkm lkr bosy stkrogb.