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Table of Contents

Contributors

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................2

Monte Alto

2016 Corn Performance Trial ...................................................................................................................................4

San Patricio County


Port Lavaca


Wharton


Bardwell


Greenville


Thrall

2016 Corn Performance Trial .................................................................................................................................10

College Station

2016 Corn Performance Trial ................................................................................................................................. 11

Hondo


Dalhart


Dumas/Sunray


Hansford County


Considerations for Unexpected Injury Investigations in Bt Crops ..............................................................................16

New Research Suggests Predatory Mites May Provide Economical Control of Spider Mites in Corn .......................17

AgVocacy In Action .....................................................................................................................................................19

Dennis Pietsch, Texas A&M AgriLife Crop Testing, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Crop Testing Director & Senior Research Associate,

College Station, 979.845.8505, [email protected]

Wen Wei Xu, Texas A&M AgriLife Corn Breeder, Lubbock, 806.746.4015, [email protected]

Performance Trial2016Monte Alto

Corn

Hybrid Yield (bu/acre)

Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)

GE Trait(s) Days to 50% Silk

Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

1547.8

17.60.000

3.0

0.50.000

55.51.1

0.90.000

10.2

Cooperator Rio Farms, Inc.

Four replications of each hybrid are planted in a randomized block design. Model : yield = hybrid blk. LSD provided when hybrid significant at p < 0.05. Yields highlighted in yellow are not statistically different from the top ranked hybrid. Plots were planted using Almaco meter units on a JD Max‐Emerge II units. Plots were harvested with a JD 3300 plot combine fitted with a Harvest Master GrainGage System. Precipitation data was recorded from January 1 through the harvest date. For additional information contact:Dennis [email protected]‐845‐8505

Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 3.4

4.30.000

9110.0

4.90.000

356.4

2,067.80.009

23,096

Trial Notes*Fertilizer was applied as follows:2/2/16: 18 gal/A of 10‐28‐0‐5(S)3/8/16: Sidedress 400 lb/A of 28‐0‐0‐5(S)3/30/16: Broadcast sprayed 2.3 pt/A of FOLIGRO (2‐17‐17) & 2 pt/A of Nitrozin (17‐0‐0‐5(Zn))

Row Spacing (in) 30

Number of Rows 2

Seeds per Acre 25,000

N (lb/ac)

P2O5 (lb/ac)

K2O (lb/ac)

Plant Date 2/18/2016

Harvest Date 7/21/2016

Agronomic information

Soil Type Hidalgo sandy clay loamTillage Conventional tillage, planted on raised

beds

Previous Crop Soybeans ‐ Fall 2015

Herbicide1 qt/A of Outlook pre‐emerge

2.2

1.90.000

62

Irrigated Yes

Irrigation (in) 11.5

Precipitation (in) 24.25

*Test was irrigated three times*Appreciation is expressed to Andy Scott, Juan Garza, and Eddie Hernandez for their assistance in monitoring and maintaining the test block

*Yields highlighted in gray are not significantly different (L.S.D., p=0.05) from the top ranked hybrid.

4


Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

N/AN/AN/AN/ADyna‐Gro D57VP51 10.1 55.8 17361 22,115Genuity VT Triple PRO 88 34

N/AN/AN/AN/AGolden Acres G7688 10.7 57.5 17160 23,707Genuity VT Double PRO 83 34

N/AN/AN/AN/ADyna‐Gro D54VC52 10.2 56.2 17061 23,707Genuity VT Double PRO 87 35

N/AN/AN/AN/ANK N78S 9.8 54.2 17062 23,958Agrisure Viptera 3111 93 35

N/AN/AN/AN/AREV 26BHR50 10.8 57.3 16963 23,455Optimum Intrasect 94 33


N/AN/AN/AN/APhoenix 6542 9.7 54.2 16263 22,534Agrisure Viptera 3111 89 33

N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen 2D848 10.2 55.8 16160 23,790SmartStax 89 38



N/AN/AN/AN/AIntegra 9678 10.3 56.5 15961 22,953Genuity VT Triple PRO 85 34



N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen 2C797 9.8 54.3 15861 23,623SmartStax 87 34



N/AN/AN/AN/AREV 28HR20 10.6 57.1 15460 22,618Herculex 1 (HX1) 99 34

N/AN/AN/AN/APhoenix 6948 9.8 54.6 15363 23,623Agrisure 3000GT 91 37

N/AN/AN/AN/ANK N76A 8.9 51.7 15361 23,790Agrisure 3000GT 89 30

N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen MY13M87 9.9 55.8 15262 24,293SmartStax 82 32

N/AN/AN/AN/AIntegra 6474 9.6 53.9 15263 24,042Genuity VT Double PRO 90 38

N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MB‐2225 10.7 56.2 15268 24,209N/A 94 39



Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

N/AN/AN/AN/ADyna‐Gro D54DC94 9.5 54.1 15062 21,529Genuity DG VT Double PRO 87 31

N/AN/AN/AN/AGolden Acres G7601 9.5 54.7 15063 24,461Genuity VT Triple PRO 95 32


N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MB‐1911 10.1 55.5 14661 22,701Conventional 97 42

N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MA‐9035 11.6 58.6 14563 22,534N/A 94 40

N/AN/AN/AN/ANK N68K 9.5 51.6 14462 23,958Agrisure Artesian 3011A 85 29

N/AN/AN/AN/ANK N69D 10.0 54.3 14062 23,288Agrisure 3000GT 94 37

N/AN/AN/AN/APhoenix 6518 9.5 54.1 14062 24,209Agrisure GT Artesian 87 32

N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MA‐9035A 11.4 58.1 14062 23,539N/A 99 44

N/AN/AN/AN/AIntegra 6612 9.4 53.0 13563 22,115Genuity SmartStax RIB Com 86 31

N/AN/AN/AN/A3MG 15‐2256 10.9 57.8 13159 22,115Conventional 97 44

N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MB‐2222AS 10.8 56.3 13162 19,770N/A 95 40



Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)




N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MB‐1911 10.1 55.5 14661 22,701Conventional 97 42

N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MA‐9035 11.6 58.6 14563 22,534N/A 94 40




N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MA‐9035A 11.4 58.1 14062 23,539N/A 99 44



N/AN/AN/AN/AAnzu Genetica MB‐2222AS 10.8 56.3 13162 19,770N/A 95 40


Performance Trial2016San Patricio County

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)



N/AN/AN/AN/AGolden Acres G4678DG 9.8 53.1 14470 22,809Genuity DG VT Double PRO 79 26















Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)


















Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

1379.1

17.90.013

6.3

1.00.008

55.10.7

0.60.000

10.6

Cooperator Charles Ring


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 2.8

3.20.000

8110.4

3.90.000

264.9

0.083

23,762

Trial Notes*AF 36 was applied on April 9 at 10 lb/A for Aflatoxin (A. flavus)*Lodging was not observed in the test plot

Row Spacing (in) 30

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 138

P2O5 (lb/ac) 6

K2O (lb/ac) 1




Soil Type Victoria clayTillage Disc, field cultivated 3 times, planted flat

Previous Crop Cotton

Herbicide20 oz/A PowerMax Roundup + 0.75 lb/A Atrazine

1.1

1.10.000

71

Irrigated Yes

Irrigation (in) 1.5



5

Performance Trial2016Port Lavaca

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

























Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)







Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)







Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

1496.4

15.80.001

2.3

0.50.000

57.90.8

0.70.000

13.6

Cooperator Jim Hayes


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 3.5

4.90.000

859.6

4.70.000

304.9

0.090

21,865

Trial Notes*A very good test despite hog damage in some plots. Those plots were deleted before final analysis

Row Spacing (in) 38

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 105

P2O5 (lb/ac) 40

K2O (lb/ac) 0




Soil Type Lake Charles clayTillage Disc 3 times & field cultivated twice.

Planted flat

Previous Crop Grain Sorghum

HerbicidePreplant: 13 oz/A of Outlook + 1.5 lb/A Atrazine + 32 oz/a S Alecto. Post emerge: 32 oz/A of 41 S Alecto +.5 lb/A of Atrazine

1.00.068

66

Irrigated No

Irrigation (in)


*SAS was used for statistical analysis, but only 3 out of the 4 reps were used. The fourth rep was removed due to a low spot with poor drainage as well as some hog damage


6

Performance Trial2016Wharton

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)



N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen MY15T31 10.9 54.9 18574 23,309RR 101 41







N/AN/AN/AN/AGolden Acres 5788 11.6 58.3 18072 23,372Genuity VT Double PRO 88 34















Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)









Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)









Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

1705.3

12.80.000

2.2

0.30.000

55.70.8

0.60.000

11.0

Cooperator Larry & Clint Kalina


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 2.6

3.30.000

917.2

3.50.000

344.2

0.166

22,882

Trial Notes*Timely rainfall throughout the growing season resulted in outstanding yields.*Eleven hybrids produced between 180‐185 bu/A*There was no lodging observed in the test block

Row Spacing (in) 40

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 138

P2O5 (lb/ac) 39

K2O (lb/ac) 0




Soil Type Caney fine sandy loamTillage Shred, bredded, hipped, re‐bedded,

hipped & fertilized. Planted on raised beds.

Previous Crop Corn

HerbicideSprayed 1.25 qt/A of Atrazine + 1 qt/A of Roundup

1.0

1.00.000

72

Irrigated No

Irrigation (in)



7

Performance Trial2016Bardwell

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)










N/AN/AN/AN/ANuTech 5F515 13.8 56.9 10678 22,003Optimum AcreMax (AM‐R) 105 40




N/AN/AN/AN/AAmerican Hybrids 2708 12.8 54.2 10373 20,886N/A 95 31











Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)









N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen 12G36 13.9 54.6 7978 22,003SmartStax 88 38


N/AN/AN/AN/ATexas A&M AgriLife Research GP7169GT/TX777 14.0 58.3 7678 20,328RR 93 34

N/AN/AN/AN/ATexas A&M AgriLife Research TR8145xTX777 14.9 58.6 7679 18,988Conventional 101 40

N/AN/AN/AN/ANuTech 5F709 13.4 55.4 7274 20,886Optimum AcreMax ‐ AQUA 88 25

N/AN/AN/AN/ANuTech 5H615 12.9 54.6 6375 22,003Herculex 1 (HX1) 87 28



Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)











N/AN/AN/AN/ATexas A&M AgriLife Research GP7169GT/TX777 14.0 58.3 7678 20,328RR 93 34

N/AN/AN/AN/ATexas A&M AgriLife Research TR8145xTX777 14.9 58.6 7679 18,988Conventional 101 40


N/AN/AN/AN/ANuTech 5H615 12.9 54.6 6375 22,003Herculex 1 (HX1) 87 28



Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

9716.9

27.00.001

5.5

1.20.000

55.81.6

1.50.000

13.4

Cooperator Bob & Steve Beakley


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 5.8

8.80.000

9310.7

6.00.000

345.2

0.124

20,778

Trial Notes*Yields were ok despite heavy rain events throughout the growing season. Some areas in the field did not have good drainage after a heavy rain, thus plants were yellow, stunted, and flowered late. Potential yields were reduced due to these factors.

Row Spacing (in) 30

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 133

P2O5 (lb/ac) 46

K2O (lb/ac) 0




Soil Type Houston black clayTillage Disced & field cultivated

Previous Crop Wheat

Herbicide1.5 ox/A of Zidua

1.3

1.70.000

75

Irrigated No

Irrigation (in)


*Applied 100 lb/A of 18‐46‐0 preplant *Applied 250 lb/A of 48‐0‐0 at layby*Aflaguard was applied at label rate


8

Performance Trial2016Greenville

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

N/AN/AN/AN/APhoenix 6542 14.0 53.7 9920,670Agrisure Viptera 3111 93 31

N/AN/AN/AN/AGolden Acres 5788 14.2 55.8 9621,097Genuity VT Double PRO 90 31


N/AN/AN/AN/AGolden Acres G4678DG 13.7 53.5 9320,072Genuity DG VT Double PRO 91 30

N/AN/AN/AN/AREV 23BHR55 13.3 52.2 9220,499Optimum Intrasect 96 31



N/AN/AN/AN/APhoenix 6518 13.0 51.1 8920,926Agrisure GT Artesian 84 24

N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen 12G36 14.1 52.9 8921,268SmartStax 90 27

N/AN/AN/AN/AGolden Acres 2778 14.0 55.1 8920,584Genuity DG VT Double PRO 86 27

N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen MY13M87 13.4 52.8 8821,011SmartStax 88 27

N/AN/AN/AN/ANuTech 5F515 13.6 53.9 8721,268Optimum AcreMax (AM‐R) 95 28

N/AN/AN/AN/ANuTech 5F113 14.7 55.2 8620,670Optimum AcreMax (AM‐R) 94 26


N/AN/AN/AN/ANuTech 5H615 13.5 54.2 8221,438Herculex 1 (HX1) 95 24


N/AN/AN/AN/APhoenix 6948 14.0 53.2 8121,609Agrisure 3000GT 91 30

N/AN/AN/AN/ANuTech 5F709 14.2 53.6 7821,695Optimum AcreMax ‐ AQUA 91 27

N/AN/AN/AN/AREV 28HR20 14.7 54.9 7221,524Herculex 1 (HX1) 93 33

N/AN/AN/AN/ATexas A&M AgriLife Research TR8145xTX777 13.8 53.0 7019,388Conventional 95 40

N/AN/AN/AN/ATexas A&M AgriLife Research GP7169GT/TX777 13.3 51.8 6019,388RR 90 41


Performance Trial2016Greenville

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

859.7

11.80.000

3.7

0.70.000

53.81.6

1.20.000

13.9

Cooperator Texas A&M AgriLife Research


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 3.6

4.70.000

9211.8

4.90.000

294.9

1,262.40.004

20,828

Trial Notes*Appreciation is expressed to Dr. Curtis Jones, Assistant Professor, Texas A&M Commerce & Mr. Russell Sutton, Assistant Research Scientist, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Commerce, Texas for maintaining & monitoring test block

Row Spacing (in) 30

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 154

P2O5 (lb/ac) 13

K2O (lb/ac) 0




Soil Type Houston black clayTillage Disced + field cultivated in October '15.

Planted flat

Previous Crop Fallow

HerbicideApplied 1 qt/A of Roundup + 1qt/A of Atrazine for burndown, December '15. Applied 1 qt/A Roundup + 1 qt/A Duall II Magnum on 3/29/16

Irrigated No

Irrigation (in)


*At planting applied in‐furrow 5 gal/A of 6‐22‐0 + 1 qt/A of CornGrow TQ (micronutrients)*Knifed in 150 lb/A of N as 32‐0‐0 between rows*AF36 was applied at suggested rate for aflatoxin (A. flavus) just prior to silking. Silk notes were not recorded


9

Performance Trial2016Thrall

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

4921.630.5

46.030.2

8.4

Cooperator Stiles Farm Foundation


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 3.9

4.70.000

8612.3

4.70.000

278.0

2,109.20.000

18,775

Trial NotesRow Spacing (in) 38

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac)

P2O5 (lb/ac)

K2O (lb/ac)




Soil TypeTillage

Previous Crop

Herbicide

3.6

3.50.002

70

Irrigated No

Irrigation (in)



Data not reported due to high C.V.Excessive rainfall and fertility issues contributed to poor yeild.

10

Performance Trial2016College Station

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

























Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)









Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)









Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

1535.3

11.60.000

2.1

0.30.000

58.42.7

2.30.000

10.3

Cooperator Texas A&M AgriLife Research


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 3.5

4.10.000

858.6

3.70.000

305.8

2,240.10.001

27,555

Trial Notes*5 lb/A of Zn was applied with pre‐plant fertilizer*No insecticides or fungicides were applied *One cultivation on 4/12/16 with lay‐by herbicide*Due to timely rainfall during the growing season, the test was not irrigated

Row Spacing (in) 30

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 265

P2O5 (lb/ac) 17

K2O (lb/ac) 0

Plant Date 3/3/2016



Soil Type Ships clay loamTillage Disc, bedded, re‐bedded. Planted on

raised beds

Previous Crop Corn

HerbicideApplied 1.7 pt/A Dual +1.5 lb/A Atrazine on 3/4/16. Applied 1 lb/A Atrazine + 1.5 qt/A Prowl H2O on 4/12/16

1.3

1.30.000

71

Irrigated Yes

Irrigation (in) 0


*Excessive rainfall was recorded in April and May


11

Performance Trial2016Hondo

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)
























Performance Trial2016Hondo

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

1705.8

13.90.000

3.5

0.50.000

56.10.9

0.70.000

9.4

Cooperator Paul Aelvoet


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 3.3

4.60.000

985.2

3.10.000

424.5

1,723.80.024

26,748

Trial Notes*Appreciation is expressed to Mr. Derrick Drury, Medina CEA, & Mr. Wayne Scholtz, retired CEA for collecting flowering data & monitoring test block.*A very good test despite two hail events in late‐May & early‐June resulting in moderate leaf shredding.

Row Spacing (in) 36

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 222

P2O5 (lb/ac) 60

K2O (lb/ac) 15




Soil Type Knippa clayTillage Conventional, then planted on raised

beds

Previous Crop Corn

Herbicide2 applications of Roundup at selected times. 1.5 lb/A of Atrazine on May 20

1.3

1.20.000

65

Irrigated Yes

Irrigation (in) 12


*Applied 5 oz/A of Oberon for mites + 4 oz/A of Tilt for rust on 7/1*Applied Afla‐Guard at suggested rate for Aflatoxin (A. flavus) on 6/10*Applied 1 qt/A Zn at planting


12

Performance Trial2016Dalhart

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)





N/AN/AN/AN/AAgventure AV7307YHB 12.6 58.6 26172 30,408Optimum Intrasect 103 50





N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen MY13A35 16.8 53.9 24872 29,068Powercore 105 48






N/AN/AN/AN/AMycogen MY10Z28 11.9 55.7 24273 31,139SmartStax 97 48





N/AN/AN/AN/AIntegra 6273 14.3 57.3 23271 30,781N/A 101 46




Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)












Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)












Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

24210.90.099

6.8

1.60.000

57.51.7

1.40.000

15.8

Cooperator Gerald Wilhelm


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 3.7

5.30.000

1045.2

3.60.000

495.1

2,149.90.019

29,549

Trial Notes*Field was strip‐tilled and 20‐80‐6‐2 Zn applied. At planting, 3 gal/A of 10‐34‐0 was applied. Throughout growing season, 135 lb/A of N + 52 lb/A of S was applied*Absolute Maxx fungicide was applied during growing season

Row Spacing (in) 30

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 229

P2O5 (lb/ac) 94

K2O (lb/ac) 6

Plant Date 5/4/2016



Soil Type Dallam loamTillage Strip till

Previous Crop Wheat

HerbicideApplied preplant 8 oz of Verdict + 1lb/A of Atrazine + 24oz of Roundup. Applied post‐plant 4 oz/A of Status + 32 oz of Roundup

1.1

1.10.000

72

Irrigated Yes

Irrigation (in) 24


*Appreciation is expressed to Mr. Mike Bragg, Dallam CEA, for his assitance in planting, monitoirng test and taking silk notes


13

Performance Trial2016Dumas/Sunray

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)











N/AN/AN/AN/AAgventure RL7844YHB 11.7 59.4 28369 30,370Optimum Intrasect‐AQUAm 107 48











N/AN/AN/AN/AHoegemeyer HPT 8469 14.3 60.6 26971 30,282Optimum AcreMax Xtreme ( 112 55



Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)





N/AN/AN/AN/AHoegemeyer HPT 8363 13.9 60.4 26170 29,710Optimum AcreMax Xtra (AM 116 54










Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)





N/AN/AN/AN/AHoegemeyer HPT 8363 13.9 60.4 26170 29,710Optimum AcreMax Xtra (AM 116 54










Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

2746.7

26.00.000

8.3

1.70.000

59.51.3

1.10.000

14.2

Cooperator Justin Crownover;Lone Star Family Farm


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 2.8

4.30.000

1104.7

3.40.000

523.7

1,589.20.000

30,579

Trial Notes*6/24: Applied 16 oz/A Prevathon*6/29: Applied 2.5 pt/A Comite + 1 pt/A Tyrant*7/20: Applied 16 oz/A Prevathon + 6 oz/A Approach + 3.2 oz/A Tyrant*8/18: Applied 3 oz/A Zeal Miticide 1 + 3.2 oz/A Tyrant

Row Spacing (in) 30

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 180

P2O5 (lb/ac) 16

K2O (lb/ac) 0

Plant Date 5/5/2016



Soil Type Sherman silty clay loamTillage Strip‐till

Previous Crop Wheat

Herbicide*3/2/16: 16 oz/A Alligare + 1 pt/A Atrazine + 1.76 lb/A AMS + .82 oz/A of Basis Blend + 28 oz/A Roundup Max. *4/28/16: 7.5 lb/A Prequel + Tyrant+ Cinch ATZ*5/27/16: 32 oz/A of Roundup PowerMaxx + 4 oz/A Strut + 1.25 oz/A Resolve Q + 1.5 lb/A ActaMaster

0.7

0.70.000

70

Irrigated Yes

Irrigation (in) 22


*Applied 10 gal/A 32‐0‐0 through pivot on 6/3; 6/30; 7/8; 8/4. Applied 8 gal/A 32‐0‐0 on 10/25*5‐16‐0‐2.5 (S) as pop‐up @ planting*3 ton/A of compost applied Fall 2015*Special thanks to Marcel Fischbacher, Moore CEA


14

Performance Trial2016Hansford County

Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)






















N/AN/AN/AN/AGolden Acres 2778 10.1 61.3 26264 28,488Genuity DG VT Double PRO 103 47



Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)









Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)









Corn


Brand Moisture %

Test Weight (lb/bu)


Plants per Acre

Plant Height (in)

Ear Height (in)

2788.9

35.00.001

3.8

0.60.000

60.10.9

0.80.000

11.6

Cooperator Travis Patterson


Mean

P>f (hybrid)L.S.D.

C.V. % 2.1

3.20.000

1073.5

2.50.000

515.9

2,524.10.000

30,380

Trial Notes*No fungicides were applied to test block*Fertilizer was applied as follows: ‐ 120‐40‐0 when strip tilled ‐ 100‐0‐0 through pivot ‐ 50‐0‐0 at tassel stage

Row Spacing (in) 30

Number of Rows 2


N (lb/ac) 270

P2O5 (lb/ac) 40

K2O (lb/ac) 0




Soil Type Perryton silty clayTillage Strip till

Previous Crop Soybeans

HerbicideApplied pre‐plant 1 lb/A of Atrazine + 2 pt/A of Balance Flexx. Applied 4 oz/A of Require Q when corn was 12" tall

0.8

0.80.000

65

Irrigated Yes

Irrigation (in) 24


*Appreciation is expressed to the following CEA's for assisting in the trial: ‐ Mr. Andrew Sprague, Hansford County ‐ Mr. J.R. Sprague, Lipscomb County ‐ Mr. Scott Strawn, Ochiltree County


15

Considerations for Unexpected Injury Investigations in Bt CropsPat Porter

We saw some high caterpillar numbers in both Bt corn and Bt cotton in 2016. Additionally, laboratory studies that will soon be published indicate that western bean cutworm is resistant to the Cry1F (Herculex®) toxin in Bt corn. Previously published studies have shown fall armworms in Puerto Rico, Brazil and some detections in Florida are resistant to the Cry1F toxin. All seed companies are cross licensing their Bt toxins to other companies which means, depending on the Bt corn purchased, there can be multiple Bt toxins in the plant that caterpillars feed on. Little by little we are seeing resistance develop to our Bt toxins, and ield failures will be a more common occurrence for many of our caterpillar pests (corn earworm, fall armyworm, western bean cutworm, etc.). hese failures will trigger a ield visit from seed company representatives, so this might be a good time to explain what that process is about.

When Bt crops were registered with EPA, the seed companies (registrants) agreed to an insect resistance management (IRM) plan that included being obligated to investigate all cases of unusually high insect injury on ields planted with their Bt technologies. Industry calls this “unexpected damage”, or UXD.

Every grower who planted Bt technology signed a Stewardship Agreement with the seed company. his agreement gives the company the right to inspect the crop.

he purpose of the visit is to determine whether the injury is the result of some agronomic factor or whether it could be due to increased insect tolerance to the toxins in the plants. If the investigation rules out agronomics and other factors, then the suspicion falls on increased tolerance. Even if there are no agronomic problems, unusually high numbers of susceptible insects can overwhelm Bt technology; on the surface this can look like “increased tolerance” or “reduced susceptibility” or resistance.

here are two possible outcomes for a ield visit

A visit to a UXD ield will determine whether the insect numbers, size and damage exceed a pre-set trigger. Each company has formal internal triggers for each combination of toxins in its plants that, when met or exceeded, require insect collection and reporting. When a trigger is met or exceeded the ield is classiied as a “Performance Inquiry” (PI). All performance inquiries must be reported to EPA annually, and all performance inquiries must have insects collected if they are still present in the ield. If PI triggers have not been met then there is no requirement for industry personnel to collect insects or report the incident to EPA.

Even when company triggers are exceeded and PI occurs, it does not mean there is resistance; that can only be determined through laboratory studies.

Special note about corn

When a seed company person visits a UXD in corn, he or she will ask where the refuge is, and gene-check strips will be used to conirm the refuge was planted. If a corn grower did not plant a refuge there will be no penalty to him or her. All that will happen is that some education will be provided and a follow-up visit will occur the next year. Cotton does not have a required refuge, but whether in cotton or corn, gene-check strips will be used to conirm the Bt crop is what it is supposed to be.

Words matter from a regulatory and commercial perspective

As with the term “performance inquiry”, the word “resistance” has a speciic meaning to the companies, academics and EPA from a regulatory perspective. According to the EPA registration documents for Bt crops, resistance is formally deined by laboratory assays on the ofspring of the insects collected from a ield. In order to be declared a case of resistance, laboratory studies must show that the doses of toxins needed to kill the ield collected population are statistically higher than the doses needed to kill a known susceptible colony. his is scientiic conirmation of resistance, and no level of damage in the ield can determine whether there is true resistance. When resistance is scientiically conirmed, then EPA can step in and mandate that certain practices occur to slow down the spread of resistance. True resistance can afect seed sales, stock prices, jobs and the value growers get from Bt crops. A ield with UXD or PI is a long way from being a ield with resistance.

16

New Research Suggests Predatory Mites May Provide Economical Control of Spider

Mites in Corn

Ed Bynum1 and Olan Moore2

1 Extension Entomologist- Amarillo, TX and 2 Crop Advisor – Springlake, TX

he most challenging pests to control in corn are spider mites. hese infestations can be either the Banks grass mites, Oligonychus pratensis Banks, and/or Twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urtica Koch. Management of spider mite infestations is primarily dependent on acaricide applications. However, when acaricides are applied their populations are building extremely fast during the grain illing growth stages when it is diicult to get good acaricide spray penetration to the spider mites in the corn canopy. Acaricides currently available for use in controlling spider mites are rather costly (minimum $15 per acre) compared to previous products, like dimethoate and bifenthrin.

In the mid-1980s and mid-1990s studies were conducted to determine whether augmentative releases of predatory mites would suppress spider mite infestations. hese studies were conducted when spider mite infestations were building at tassel and during the reproductive corn growth stages. hese releases of predatory mites did suppress mite populations below economically damaging levels, but the cost of the predatory mite release rates was prohibitive compared to the inexpensive cost of spraying bifenthrin. Also, when these studies were conducted the primary objective was to make these predatory mite releases when corn was close to tasseling or ater tasseling. Now that acaricides are more costly to use, releases of predatory mites may be cost efective.

What if predatory mite releases were made earlier in the growing season as spider mites are migrating from wheat and becoming established in corn ields? he augmentative releases would occur when spider mite infestations are more localized around the ield edges and the number of predatory mites to release in those localized areas would be less than making releases across the entire ield later in the growing season. An early release of predatory mites should allow predatory mite populations to establish, increase and distribute across the ield with the spider mites and prevent damaging levels. We conducted a study this past growing season that was funded by the Texas Corn Producers Board to evaluate the potential of making early releases of predatory mites for managing spider mite infestations.

he study was conducted in two corn ields between Dimmit and Hart, TX. Two predatory mites (Neoseiulus fallacis and Galendromus occidentalis) were selected for release based on their ability to establish in the Texas High Plains environmental conditions. he purpose of the study was to make predatory mite releases as economically and as easily as possible for individuals to do themselves. Releases were made at two locations in each of the two corn ields. At each location 4,000 predatory mites for each predatory mite species were released on June 21 (Figure 1). Predatory mites were supplied by Rincon-Vitova Insectaries from Ventura, CA and shipped in containers that held 2,000 predatory mites each. Each container cost $26.00. Additional shipping expenses were $6.50 for packing and $87.03 for next day shipping. he total cost per ield was $254.77 and each ield was ca. 120 acres. Ater predatory mites were released, both spider mites and predators (predatory mites and other predators) were monitored weekly at each release site.

In summary, ield plots were set up on June 7 and predatory mites were scheduled to be released on June 14, but all ields were heavily infested with western lower thrips migrating from wheat ields. he decision was made to postpone the release until ater the western lower thrips populations had declined. Predatory mites were released on June 21 in the designated release areas. Asana (8.7 loz/A) was sprayed on the pyrethroid treated areas to create a zone free of predators and then see how the spider mite populations would develop (controlled check).

17

Ater our releases in June, predatory mites established in all of the release sites, even when the spider mite populations were very low early in the season. Also, the predatory mites could be found at the opposite side of the ield from where they were released. During the weeks we were inding predatory mites in our release sites, area crop consultants were not inding predatory mites in other ields they were scouting until the end of August. Spider mite populations did build up to damaging levels in some ields across the High Plains late in the season. However, in our release sites spider mites did not build to damaging levels, except in the pyrethroid treated areas where predatory mites would have been killed (Figure 2 and 3). hese pre-liminary indings are very encouraging that early releases of predatory mites will contain spider mite infestations to non-economically damaging levels. Of course additional studies will need to be conducted to determine how efective predatory mites will be under diferent environmental conditions and diferent spider mite infestations.

Figure 2. Damage levels from spider mite infestations in ield 1, south site, in predatory mite release areas (P) and areas treated with a pyrethroid (A).

Figure 3. Damage levels from spider mite infestations in ield 3, southwest site, in predatory mite release areas (P) and areas treated with a pyrethroid (A).

Acknowledgements

Funding for this project was provided by the Texas Corn Producers Board.

18

Research | Promotion | Education | Policy

Investing in the future of farming

Texas Corn Producers is the farmer’s advocate

www.TexasCorn.org

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