table of contentsdrupal blocks are best described as content containers. they are the primary tool...

1.1

1.2

1.3

2.1

2.2

3.1

3.1.1

3.1.2

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

3.2.5

3.3

3.3.1

3.3.2

3.4

3.4.1

3.5

3.5.1

3.5.2

3.5.3

3.6

3.6.1

4.1

4.2

TableofContents

Part0:GettingStarted

Coversheet

CERN:WorkingwithWebDAV

CERN:WorkingwiththeCloudEditor

Part1:MigrationBackgroundInformation

Whatcanbemigrated?

AdditionalResources

Part2:SiteBuilding

Blocks

WorkingwithBlocksandThemeRegions

WorkingwithCustomBlockTypes

ContentTypesandFields

WorkingwithContentTypes

WorkingwithFields

WorkingwithViewModes

WorkingwithParagraphs

WorkingwithCERNPatterns

Views

WorkingwithViews

WorkingwithViewsDisplayTypes

Workflows

WorkingwithWorkflows

RolesandPermissions

WorkingwithUserAccounts

WorkingwithRolesandPermissions

CERN:LinkingUserRoleswithEGroups

CERNPageTypes

CERNLandingPage

Part3:SiteStyling

WorkingwithThemes

ThemeInheritance

1

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.5.1

4.5.2

4.5.3

4.6

4.6.1

4.6.2

5.1

5.2

5.3

CERNBaseandCERNOverride

ThemeConfigurationSettings

AssetLibraries

AssetLibraries:Introduction

AssetLibraries:Dependencies

AssetLibraries:Properties

Twig

Twig:TemplateFilenameConventions

Twig:AddingAssetLibraries

Part4:BonusMaterial

WorkingwithMultipleLanguages

WritingCustomMigrations

AdditionalResources

2

CERN-WorkingwithamigratedD8siteDrupalversion:8.7.0Curriculumversion:3Documentversion:1

Credits:Thisguideisbasedinpartonthefollowingmaterial:

http://drupal.org/documentation

Coversheet

3

http://drupal.org/documentation

WorkingwithCERNWebDAVTomanuallyuploadmodulesorthemestoyourCERNDrupalsiteyouneedtoaccessyoursite'ssourcecodedirectoryononeofCERN'sservers.

YoucandothisviatheWebDAVprotocoldescribedhere:https://information-technology.web.cern.ch/book/drupal-infrastructure-services/site-management/file-access

Inshort:

useyourWebDAVclientofchoicefortheoperatingsystemyouuseconnectto: YOURSITENAME.web.cern/_webdav(replaceYOURSITENAMEwithyoursite'sname)protocol:securewebdav(sometimescalledwebdavs)provideyourCERNusernameandpassword

Youcannowcopyfilestoandfromyoursite'ssourcecodedirectory.

WARNING:

Donotremoveanythingunlessyou'reabsolutelysurewhatyou'redoing.Ifyoudoremovemodulesorthemes,onlydosoAFTERyou'veCOMPLETELYuninstalledthem.

CERN:WorkingwithWebDAV

4

https://information-technology.web.cern.ch/book/drupal-infrastructure-services/site-management/file-access

WorkingwiththeCloudEditorTrainingsites:

TRN1

https://test-d8-migration-trn1.web.cern.chusername:yourCERNusernamepassword:yourCERNpassword

https://ide-trn1.pathwayx.iousername:cernpassword:cern

TRN2



...

TRN10



CERN:WorkingwiththeCloudEditor

5

https://test-d8-migration-trn1.web.cern.ch

https://ide-trn1.pathwayx.io





Whatcanbemigrated?manuallycreatedcontenttypesvocabulariesmenus

nodesmenususerstaxonomytermsmanuallycreatedblockscomments

sitenamesitesloganfrontpagesettingroles

Whatcannotbemigrated?moduleswithoutamigrationpathviews

Whatcanbemigrated?

6

AdditionalResourceshttps://www.drupal.org/docs/8/upgradehttps://thinktandem.io/blog/2018/07/24/writing-a-custom-drupal-8-module-upgrade-path/

AdditionalResources

7

https://www.drupal.org/docs/8/upgrade

https://thinktandem.io/blog/2018/07/24/writing-a-custom-drupal-8-module-upgrade-path/

Blocks

Blocks

8

WorkingwithBlocksandThemeRegionsTheBlocksadministrationpagecanbefoundathttp://example.com/admin/structure/block,alsoavailableatAdministration>Structure>BlockLayout.

Drupalblocksarebestdescribedascontentcontainers.Theyaretheprimarytooltoorganizeyoursite'scontent.

Blockscanholdstaticcontent,dynamiclistsofcontentandfunctionalitysuchasaloginformwithusernameandpasswordfields.

Blocksareeitheraddedmanuallyorprovidedbyamodule.Themoremodulesyouenable,themoreblockswillbecomeavaillableforyoutoplaceinthethemeregionsofyourchoosing.

Assigningblockstoregions

Oncedefined,blockscanbeplacedinanyoftheregionsyourthemeprovides,suchasasidebarorthefooterregion:

CreatingnewblocksToaddacustomablockwithstaticcontent:

1. clickontheCustomblocklibrarylinkatthetopoftheBlockLayoutadministrationpage.2. ClickontheAddcustomblockbutton


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http://example.com/admin/structure/block

Theinterfacetomanagecustomblocksisquitesimilartotheinterfacetomanagecontent.AsofDrupal8,blocksarefieldable.Asaresult,thesameFieldUIisusedtomanageblocksand,shouldyouwishtodoso,addfieldstocustomblocktypes:

Blockdescription:Blocklabel(title)displayedontheBlockadministrationpage.Blockbody:theinformationdisplayedbytheblock

Blockinstanceoptions

Oncecreated,yourcustomblockisavailabletobeassignedtoaregionviaAdministration>Structure>BlockLayout:


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You'venowplacedaninstance(acopy)ofthatblockinacertainregion.Whenyougoandconfigurethatinstance,additionalblockoptionsbecomeavailable:

title:Blocklabel(title)displayedtositevisitorsafteryouplacetheblockinaregion.

Contenttypes:showthisblockonlyonpagesthatdisplaycontentofthegiventype(s).Ifyoudon'tselectanycontenttypes,theblockwillbeshownonallpagesthatmeetyourotherdisplayconditionregardlessofcontenttype.

Visibilitysettings:

Pages-setwhichpagestheblockshouldorshouldnotbedisplayedon.

Roles:showthisblockonlytouserswiththeselectedrole(s).Ifyoudon'tselectanyroles,theblockwillbevisibletoallusers.

Region:settheblockregionwheretheblockshouldappearonyoursite.YoucanalsosetthisdirectlyonthemainBlocksadministrationpage.


11


12

WorkingwithCustomBlockTypesInDrupal8blockshavebecomemuchmorepowerfulthaninDrupal7.

Theycannowweplacedindifferentregionsatthesametime,andtheyhavebecomefieldable,whichmeansyoucanaddcustomfieldstothemandusethemasminicontenttypes.

Howtocreatecustomblocktypes

AsofDrupal8,blockshaveblocktypes,sobeforeyoucancreateacustomblock,youfirstneedtocreateacustomblocktype,andthencreateablockofthattype.Thisprocessisidenticaltoworkingwithcustomcontenttypes.

1. CreateanewcustomblocktypeatAdmin>Structure>BlockLayout>CustomBlockLibrary>BlockTypes(/admin/structure/block/block-content/types)

2. Thenewblocktypenowappearsinthelistofcustomblocktypes.3. Addfieldstothenewblocktypeviaits"managefields"link.4. CreateanewblockatAdmin>Structure>BlockLayout>CustomBlockLibrary(/admin/structure/block/block-

content/types)5. Choosethenewlycreatedcustomblocktypefromthelistofavailableblocktypes.

Whentocreatecustomblocktypes

Itcanbedifficulttodecidewhethertobuildacustomcontenttypeoraacustomblocktypesinceyoucanaddfieldstobothofthem.

Afewrulesofthumbtohelpyoudecide:

iftheinformationshouldbeviewablestand-alone,withitsownaddress,useacontenttypeiftheinformationismeanttobeshownalongside(many)otherpages(mostlyinasidebar),useablocktype.iftheinformationfeelsmorelikeabuildingblocktobeusedtocreatelandingpages,anddoesn'treallystandonitsown,useablocktype.

WorkingwithCustomBlockTypes

13



14

WorkingwithContentTypesUserswiththeAdministercontenttypespermissionhavetheabilitytocreatenewcontenttypesandaddmodifyexistingones.

Customcontenttypesgiveyoutheflexibilitytoaddanddeletefieldsandconfiguredefaultsettingsthatsuitthedifferentneedsofvarioustypesofsitecontent.

ToaddnewcontenttypesinDrupal8,navigatetoAdministration>Structure>ContentTypes>Addcontenttype(http://example.com/admin/structure/types/add).

InDrupal8,aContentType'sconfigurationconsistsoftwoparts:

baseconfigurationfieldconfiguration

Thebaseconfigurationofacontenttypedefinesthedefaultbehaviorandpropertiesofthecontenttype.

Examplesinclude:

statuspublishedbydefaultornot?associatedwithoneormoremenus?display"Authoredby{name}on{date}"?...

ThefieldconfigurationdefineswhichadditionalfieldsareaddedtotheContentType,ifany,andhowtheyshouldbedisplayed.

FieldsarediscussedinmoredetailintheWorkingwithFieldssection.

WorkingwithContentTypes

15

http://example.com/admin/structure/types/add

WorkingwithFieldsContentTypesarefieldable,aDrupalismwhichmeansthatthroughDrupal'sFieldUIyoucanaddadditionalfields,reorganisefields,anddefinehowthefieldsshouldbedisplayed.

Addingafield

Thereareseveraldecisionsyouwillneedtomakewhendefiningafield:

Namingafield

Afieldhasalabel(thenamedisplayedintheuserinterface)andamachinename(auniqueidentifierusedinternally).

Note:thelabelcanbechangedatwilllateron,butthemachinenamecannot.

Definingwhattypeofdatathefieldwillcontain

Thechoiceoffieldtypeisdrivenbythetypeofdatayouwantthefieldtostore.Eachfieldtypehasspecificfeaturesyouwon'tfindonotherfields.

Example:

"Integernumber"fieldshavebuilt-invalidationrulestoensureentereddataisnumericalandonlycontainswholenumbers.Datefieldshaveabuilt-incalendarwidgetforeasydateselectionandhavedate-relatedvalidationrules.

Note:

afteryou'vecreatedthefieldyoucannolongerchangeitstype.

Defininghowthedatawillbeenteredanddisplayed

Eachfieldtypehasoneormoreassociated"displaywidgets",eachofwhichprovidesamechanismfordatainputwhenyouareediting(textbox,selectlist,checkboxes,fileupload,...).

Eachfieldtypealsohasoneormoredisplayoptions,whichdeterminehowthefieldisdisplayedtositevisitors.Thewidgetanddisplayoptionscanbechangedafteryouhavecreatedthefield.

Defininghowmanyvaluesthefieldcancontain

Foreachfieldyoumustdefinethenumberofvaluesitcanstore:

WorkingwithFields

16

onevalueaspecificmaximumnumberofvaluesanunlimitednumberofvalues.

Example:AProductIDfield(SKU)willonlyholdasinglevaluewhileaphonenumberfieldmigghtstoremultiplevalues-oneforeachnumber.

Thissettingcanbechangedafteryouhavecreatedthefield,butifyoureducethemaximumnumberofvaluesafterdatahasalreadybeenentered,youmayloseinformation.

ReusingafieldPreviouslydefinedfieldscanbereused.

Example:Ifyoudefineacustomimagefieldforonecontenttype,andyouneedtohaveanimagefieldwiththesamesettingsonanothercontenttype,youcanaddthesamefieldtothesecondcontenttype.

Caution:Somesettingsofareusedfieldaresharedacrossallofitsinstances,whileothersettingsareuniquetoeachinstance.Forexample,thelabelofatextfieldisuniquetoeachinstance(youcannamethefield"BookTitle"ononeContentType,whilecallingit"ProductionTitle"onanother),whilethesettingforthenumberofvaluesisshared(changeitforoneinstanceandalloftheotherinstancesofthesharedfieldaremodifiedaswell).

Whyreuseafield

Reusingfieldscansaveyoutimeasitavoidsredefiningthesamefieldsoverandoveragain.

Reusingfieldscanbeadvantageousasitallowsyoutoreusespecificcustomthemecodeandthemelogicusedtodefinehowthatfieldshouldbedisplayed.

WhyNOTtoreuseafield

Advancedfield-levelconfiguration

Ifyou'reunsureofcertainadvancedconfigurationsyoumaywanttodoonafieldlevelinthefuture,it'sbetternottoreusefieldstoomuch.

Example:Withtheuseofadditionalmodulesit'spossibletoconfigurefield-levelpermissionsandsetupscenariossuchas"Onlyuserswiththe'Staff'rolecanuseandseethe'Internalcomment"field.Thesepermissionswillapplyacrossallinstancesofthatfield-itwon'tbepossibletoturnthemonoroffonaper-contenttypebasis.

Feature-baseddeployment

Theoften-usedconfigurationdeploymentmechanismFeatures(offeredbytheFeaturesmodulepackagessetsconfigurationtogetherintofeaturemodules.Ifafieldisreusedaccrossmultiplecontenttypes,thatfielddefinitionbecomesadependencyoftwodifferentsetsofconfigurations-ascenariowhichFeatureshassometroublewith.

WorkingwithFields

17

https://drupal.org/project/features


WhatisaViewmode?

Howanentity(suchascontent,auseroracomment)isdisplayed,dependsonthecontextinwhichitisshown.Thiscontextisknownasaviewmode.

Examplesofviewmodesare:

afullpageofthecontentwithallthefieldvaluesateaserofthecontentwithathumbnailimageandaReadmorelinkafulluserprofilewithazoomableportraitphotoauseravatarwithusernameandalinktotheprofile


18

Everyviewmodecanbeconfiguredthroughtheadministrationpages.ToseetheconfigurationoptionsfortheviewmodesoftheRecipecontenttype,navigatetoStructure>Contenttypes(admin/structure/types)andclickManagedisplayfromthedropdownbutton.

Ineachviewmode,allfieldscanbehiddenordisplayed.Iftheyaredisplayed,youcanchooseandconfigurethefieldformatter.

Whatisafieldformatter?

Afieldformatterisasettingfordisplayingthefieldvalues.Forexample,longtextfieldscanbedisplayedtrimmedorfull-length,andtaxonomytermreferencefieldscanbedisplayedinplaintextorlinkedtothetaxonomytermpage.ConsulttheManagedisplaypagetoseethefieldformattersforthefieldsoftheRecipecontenttype.


19

WorkingwithParagraphsTheusualwayofconstructingthecontentofapageinDrupalisbyusingthe"body"fieldtostoreallpageheaders,content,images,links,andsoon.Typically,onanygivenDrupalpageeverythingrevolvesaroundthe"body"field.

Whilethisisavalidapproach,itdoesn'tworkwellinallscenarios.It'strickytobuildresponsive,complex,mediaheavypagesthisway.

Anotherdisadvantageisthatit'sdifficulttoreuseexistingcontentwithinthebodyfield.

The"Paragraphs"approachisanalternativewayofassemblingpagecontent:Drupal’s"body"fieldisremoved,andinitsplacesitebuilderscanchoosefromanumberofpredefinedcomponents,

Paragraphtypes

It'suptothesite'sdevelopmentteamtodecidewhichtypesofparagraphs(components)tocreateandmakeavailabletoindividualsitebuilders.

Theseparagraphtypesofteninclude:

textwithalignedimagefull-widthimageslideshowlistofitems

TheseParagraphseffectivelybecomecomponentsthatsitebuilderscanusetoassemblepages.

Recap

Contenttypesareusedtodefinedifferenttypesofcontent,andtheirproperties.Displaymodesareusedtodefinedifferentwaysinwhicheachcontenttypecanbedisplayed.Complexpagesareassembledfromexistingcontent,usingaselectionofcomponents.

WorkingwithParagraphs

20

WorkingwithCERNPatternsDocumentation:https://webtools.web.cern.ch/technologies/drupal/expansion/cern-components

Patterns

Atthetimeofwriting(June2019),thefollowingCERNPatternsareavailable:

PreviewCardPreviewListFAQListAgendaBoxAgendaComingsoon

WorkingwithCERNPatterns

21

https://webtools.web.cern.ch/technologies/drupal/expansion/cern-components

Views

Views

22

WorkingwithViews

Viewsisaquerybuilder

ThefirstfundamentalthingyouneedtoknowaboutViewsisthatitisatooltobuilddatabasequerieswithoutwritingasinglelineofSQLcode.

ThenextthingyouneedtounderstandistheUserInterface.WefindtheViewsinitial"wizard"doesconfusenewlearners,thoughitismeanttobeaquick-startsimplifieduserinterface.

Justkeepinmind,likeanygoodwizard,onceit'sdoneitsmagic,itvanishes.Thewizardallowsyoutoselectsomeofthesettingsquickly.

ThemainViewsadministrativeinterfaceiswhereeveryviewiseditedandmaintained,oncecreatedwiththeinitialwizard.Theadministrativeinterfacecontainsavastamountofoptions.

WorkingwithViews

23

Tostartmakingsenseofeverythingthat'sgoingonhere,trytothinkofthemastwogroupsofactions:

whatdatatoselectfromthedatabasehowtodisplaythedatafetchedfromthedatabase:

Redarea:whattoselectandfilterfromthedatabase.

DisplaysFormatSortCriteriaPageSettingsPager

Greenarea:howtoformattheinformationandwheretodisplayit.

FieldsFilterCriteraContextualFiltersRelationshipsExposedForm

Whatdoyouwanttoselect?

Selectbasetabletostart(youcancombinetableswithrelationships).ApplyfiltersSelectfieldsor

Whereandhowshoulditappear?

Chooseaformatsuchaslist,table,etc.Chooseadisplaysuchaspages,blocks,RSSfeeds.WithadditionalmodulesmoreViewsdisplaytypesareavailable.

WorkingwithViews

24

WorkingwithViewsDisplayTypesOneViewoftencontainsmorethanoneDisplay,eachservingadifferentpurpose,andeachhavingdifferentsettings.

InadditiontothedefaultMasterdisplay,aviewusuallycontainsdisplaysofthetypePageorBlock.LesscommonlyusedDisplayTypesincludeFeed,Attachment,Embed,andEntityReference.

MasterDisplay

TheMasterdisplaycontainsthedefaultsettingforagivenview.Everyadditionaldisplay,regardlessoftheDisplayType,willinherititsdefaultsettingsfromtheMasterdisplay.

TheMasterdisplayishiddenbydefault.It'sonlyvisibleifyouhaven'tcreatedanyotherdisplaysyet,orifyouhaveenabledthe"Alwaysshowthemaster(default)display"optionintheoveralViewssettingsatStructure>Views>Settings(admin/structure/views/settings):

PageDisplay

Pagedisplaysreturntheviewresultasapage,availableatagivenURL.


25

Block

Blockdisplaysreturntheviewresultasablock:

BlocksgeneratedbytheViewsmodulearenodifferentfromtheotherDrupalblocksavailableatStructure>Blocklayout(admin/structure/block).

Feed

FeeddisplaysreturntheviewresultasanXMLfeed,availableatagivenURL.

Thefollowingfeedformatsareavailablebydefault:

RSSOPML


26

Attachment

WithAttachmentDisplaysyoucanattachoutputtoanyoftheotherdisplaysinthesameview.

Theattachmentsettingsletyouspecify:

whichdisplaytoattachtowheretoattachit:before,after,orboth

EntityReferenceEntityReferenceDisplaysreturnalistofentitieswhichcanbeusedasthelistofpotentialvaluesforEntityReferencefields.

UsuallywhenyoucreateanEntityReferencefieldyouonlyindicatewhichtypesofentitiescanbereferenced(Users,Articles,...).

Ifyouwantmorecontroloverexactlywhichentitiescanbereferenced,oryouwanttoinfluencetheorderinwhichtheyappearintheEntityReferencefield'slistofoptions,youcanuseanEntityReferenceDisplay.

Examplescenario:

YouwanttoBasicPagestobeabletorefertooneormoreexistingArticlessoyoucanhaveablock"RelatedArticles"oneachBasicPage.

However,youonlywantpeopletobeabletoreferencecertainArticles,ratherthananyarticle.

Step1:createaviewwithanEntityReferencedisplay,andgiveitthetitle"Articles".

Step2:addanEntityReferencefield(Contentreference)totheBasicPageContentType,andcallit"RelatedArticles".

Step3:changetheReferencemethodfrom"Default"to"Views:Filterbyanentityreferenceview",andselecttheviewwiththeEntityReferencedisplayyoucreatedinstep1.


27

Embed

EmbedDisplaysaremeanttobeprogrammaticallyincludedsomewhere.

Assuchtheydodon'thavean"EmbedSettings"configurationsectionthewaytheotherdisplaysdo.Anysettingssuchasfiltervaluesarepassedinprogrammatically.

Intheoryeverytypeofdisplaycanbeprogrammaticallyembedded.TheadvantagesoftheEmbedDisplaytypeare:

itsoutputcontainslessmarkup,sothere'slessmarkuptooverrideitssimplernaturemeansDrupalcanusefewerresourcestofullyrenderit,comparedtotheotherdisplaytypes.

ProgrammaticallyEmbeddingViewDisplays

Possiblewaystousecodetoembedaviewsdisplayinclude:

usingacustommodule,usingthe views_embed_view()PHPfunction.Seeapi.drupal.orgfordetails.usingaTwigtemplatefile,usingthe drupal_view()TwigfunctionprovidedbytheTwigTweakmodule.


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https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/core%21modules%21views%21views.module/function/views_embed_view/8.6.x

http://drupal.org/project/twig_tweak


29

Workflows

Workflows

30

WorkingwithWorkflowsThecoreWorkflowsModuleprovidesagenericworkflowengineontopwhichyoucandefinedifferentworkflows,eachwiththeirownworkflowstatesandworkflowtransitions.

Workflowsapplytoentities.Whichexactentitytypesagivenworkflowappliestodependsonthatworkflow'ssettings.

WorkflowsModule

ToenableworkflowsfunctionalityyoumustfirstinstalltheWorkflowsModule,whichispartofDrupalcorebutnotinstalledbydefault.

OncetheWorkflowsModuleisinstalled,youcanseetheavailableworkflowsatConfiguration>Workflow>Workflows(admin/config/workflow/workflows):

ContentModerationModuleBydefaulttherearenoworkflowtypesavailable.Youmustinstallamodulethatprovidesoneormoreworkflowtypes,suchasthecoreContentModerationModule:


31

Onceinstalled,theEditorialworkflowbecomesavailable:

NOTEatthetimeofwriting(D8.6.10)newworkflowtypescanonlybecreatedincode,bywritingacustommodule.Thismaychangeinthefuture.

WorkflowComponents

YoucanfindtheEditorialworkflow'scomponentsatConfig>Workflow>Workflows>Editorial(admin/config/workflow/workflows/manage/editorial)

Workflowshavethreemaincomponents:states,transitions,andtargetitems.

States

Anitemtowhichaworkflowappliesalwaysfindsitselfinoneofthedefinedworkflowstatesananygiventime.

TheEditorialworkflowhastheDraft,Published,andArchivedstates.IfthisworkflowisenabledfortheArticlecontenttype,atanygiventimeeacharticleisintheDraft,Published,orArchivedstate.


32

Foranygivenworkflowyoucanadd,rename,andremoveworkflowstates.

Transitions

Transitionsdefinebetweenwhichofthedefinedstatesanentitycanchange.

ConsidertheEditorialworkflow,withstatesDraft,Published,andArchived,andthefollowingtransitions:

CreateNewDraftPublishArchiveRestoretoDraftRestore

Youwon'tbeabletochangeanentitydirectlyfromDrafttoArchived,becausenotransitionbetweenthosetwostatesexists.You'llneedtodothisinmultiplesteps:

DrafttoPublishedPublishedtoArchived


33

Alsonotthatyouwon'tbeabletomakechangeswhilekeepinganentityintheArchivedstate,becausenotransitionbetweenthosetwostatesexists.Thestepsyou'llneedwillbe:

ArchivedtoDraftDrafttoPublishedPublishedtoArchived

Howfaryouwanttogoinenforcingamulti-stepworkfloworprovidingtransitionstoallowdirectchangesbetweenallstatesdependsentirelyonyoureditorialteam'sneeds.

TargetItems

Theentitytypesaworkflowcanbeappliedtoarelistedatthebottom:

AcommonconfigurationscenarioistoapplytheEditorialworkflowtooneormoreContenttypes.

Changinganindividualentity'sWorkflowState

Ifyou'veappliedtheEditorialworkflowtoaContenttype,forinstanceArticles,amoderationstatefieldappearsoneacharticle'scontenteditform(node/add/article),replacingthedefaultPublishedcheckbox:


34


35

RolesandPermissions

RolesandPermissions

36


Managinguseraccounts

Thelistofalltheuseraccountsislocatedathttp://example.com/admin/peopleorviaAdministration>People:

SimilarlytotheadministrativeContentlisting,thisscreenletsyoutoviewalluseraccounts,filterthemonrole,permissionandstatus,andperformbulkoperationssuchasdelete,blockandunblockonthem.

Viaauser'seditlinkyoucangoinandeditanindividualuser'saccountdetails,includingtheirusername,password,statusandassignedroles:

CreatingauserisdonethroughtheAdduserlinklocatedinthetoplefthandsideofthescreenabovethefiltersettings.Theentryformisidenticaltotheoneusedforeditingusersandprocessisstraightforward:fillinthemandatoryfields(username,password,emailaddress)andanyoftheoptionalonesandsave.

Managinggeneralaccountsettings


37

http://example.com/admin/people

Managinggeneralaccountsettings

Whilemanagingindividualuseraccountdetailsisdonethroughhttp://example.com/admin/admin/people,definingtheglobalcharacteristicsandsettingsofalluseraccountsisdoneathttp://example.com/admin/config/people/accounts,alsoavailableviaAdministration>Configuration>People>Accountsettings:

1. Definetheusernametodisplaywhenshowingcontentand/orcommentsbyanonymous(non-authenticated)users.

2. Definewhichroleshouldbeconsideredtheadministratorrole

3. Settingsrelatedtotheregistrationandcancellationofuseraccounts.Mainly:canuserscreatetheirownaccountsorcanonlyadministratorsdoso.

4. Whenauseraccountiscancelled,whatshouldhappentothecontentcreatedbythatuser?

5. Definethecontentoftheemailsthataresentoutuponvarioususerrelatedeventssuchasaccountcreation,accountcancellationandpasswordrecovery.

6. SinceusersareentitieswithinDrupal7,theyarefieldable-fieldscanbeattachedtothemsoyoucanbuildmoreextensiveuserprofiles.

Extendinguseraccountswithnewfields

Themanagefieldstabonhttp://example.com/admin/config/people/accounts/fieldsopensupthefamiliarFieldUIscreenthatisalsousedtoaddfieldstoContentTypes:


38

http://example.com/admin/admin/people

http://example.com/admin/config/people/accounts

http://example.com/admin/config/people/accounts/fields

Toaddfieldstousers,followthesamestepsasyouwouldwhenaddingfieldstoContentTypesorotherentitytypes.


39


Understandingrolesandpermissions

Drupalprovidesasystembasedonrolesandpermissionstoallowyoutolimitaccesstoadministrativefeaturesandotherfunctionalitytocertaingroupsofpeople.

Theprincipleisstraightforward:

1. addarole(e.g.'editor')2. assignpermissionstothatrole(e.g.'cancreatearticles'and'candeletearticles')3. assignoneormoreuserstothatrole

Howrolesarenamedandhowmanyrolesyoucreateiscompletelyuptoyou:

youcouldhaverolesthataremodelledonexistingreal-worlddepartmentsinyourorganisation,suchas'editors','translators','management'.youcouldhaverolesnamed'members','partners','vendors'.youcouldhaveasingle'administrator'roleifonlyyouandahandfulofpeoplemanagethewholesite.

Oncearoleisadded,oneormorepermissionscanbeassignedtoit.PermissionsaredefinedbyDrupalitselfaswellasbyadditionalmodulesyouenable.If,forinstance,youweretoenabletheContactmodulewhichletsyoucreatecontactforms,anewsetofpermissionswillbecomeavailable.Inthisparticularcasethosewouldbe:

AdministercontactformsandcontactformsettingsUsethesite-widecontactformUseusers'personalcontactforms

Note:

Drupal'srolesandpermissionsarecumulative.negativepermissions(restrictions)arenotpossible.

Themorerolesapersonhas,themorepermissionsheorsheisgranted.Aspermissionscannotberestrictive,arolecannottakeawaypermissions,onlygiveapersonmorepermissions.

ThisalsomeansthatitisimpossibleforDrupalrolestoconflictwitheachother,asisbethecaseinothersystemswhereonerolecangrantaspecificpermissionandanotherrolecandenythatsamepermission,effectivelycausingaconflictifauserisassignedboththoseroles.

Drupalhastwospecial,system-definedroleswhichcannotberemoved:

TheAnonymoususerrole,assignedtoeveryvisitortothesitewhohasnot(yet)loggedin.Sinceeverynon-authenticatedvisitortothesitewillhaveallthepermissionsassignedtothisrole,itisimportanttobeverycarefulwhenconfiguringthisrole

TheAuthenticatedUserrole,assignedtoeveryuserwhologsintothesite,regardlessofanyotherrolethatmightbeassignedtothatuser.Assignpermissionsthatarecommontoall(non-anonymous)rolestotheAuthenticatedUserrole,andtheninadditionaddspecificpermissionstospecificrolesinagranularfashion.

ManagingrolesRolesandpermissionsaremanagedviatherolesandpermissionstabsrespectively,foundathttp://example.com/admin/config/people/permissions,alsoavailableatAdministration>people.


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http://example.com/admin/config/people/permissions

Rolesaremanagedathttp://example.com/admin/people/permissions/roles:

Assigningpermissionstoroles

Clickingtheeditpermissionslinknexttoaroleleadstoalistofallthepermissionscurrentlydefinedinthesystem.Simplyselectthepermissionsyouwanttoassigntothatparticularroleandsave:

AssigningrolestousersRolescanbeassignedtousersintwoways:


41

http://example.com/admin/people/permissions/roles

1. througheachindividualuser'sprofilesettings:

2. bygoingtoAdministration>People,selectinganumberofusersandperformingtheupdateactionAddaroletotheselectedusers:


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LinkingUserRolesandEGroupsWhileit'spossibleforyoutomanuallyassignpeopletothoseDrupalrolesyoucreated,atCERNyoushouldNOTdothis.

Ifyouneedtogivedifferentgroupsofpeopledifferentsetsofpermissions,useEGroups:

1. CreateanewEGroup2. CreateanewDrupalrole3. AssignthedesiredpermissionstothenewDrupalrole4. LinktheDrupalroletotheEGroupatAdmin>Configuration>Simplesamlphpauthsettings>Userinfoandsyncing

(/admin/config/people/simplesamlphp_auth/sync)

Syntax

Whilethissyntaxcanbecomequitecomplex,here'sanexampleitssimplestform:

administrator:egroups,=,drupal-admins-test-d8training-demo

Theabovestatementassignsthe'administrator'Drupalroltotheegroup'drupal-admins-test-d8training-demo'.

Whenindoubt,don'thesitatetoraiseasupportticket.

CERN:LinkingUserRoleswithEGroups

43

CERNPageTypes

CERNPageTypes

44

LandingPageLandingpagesareusedaseye-catchingpagesthatleadavisitordeeperdownintoyoursite.Theyarerarelythefinaldestinationofauser'sjourney,andassuchtendtobeusedfornavigationratherthanasaplaceholderforimportantcontent.

Documentation:https://webtools.web.cern.ch/technologies/drupal/expansion/landing-page

Sections&Components

AftercreatingaLandingPage,thefirstthingyouaddisoneormoresections.Youcanthinkofeachsectionasapage-widerow.

Insideeachsectionyouwillplaceoneormorecomponents.Youcanthinkofcomponentsaswidgetssuchas"blockoftext","slideshow"and"bannerimage".

Fromatechnicalpointofview,CERNcomponentsareParagraphtypes.IfyouknowhowtoworkwiththeParagraphsystem,youknowhowtoworkwithCERNcomponents.

CERNLandingPage

45

https://webtools.web.cern.ch/technologies/drupal/expansion/landing-page

WorkingwithThemesAthemeprovidesaparticularlookandfeelforyourDrupalsiteandismeanttobecompletelyindependentofyoursite'soverallconfiguration.Assuchyoushouldbeabletoswitchfromonethemetoanotherwithoutlosinganyfunctionality.

CoreThemes

Drupalcorecontainsfourthemes:

BartikSevenStark

Bartik

DrupalenablesBartikasthedefaultuser-facingthemeuponinstallation.Itisacleanandsimplethemethatsupportsthecolormoduleandmakesexcellentuseofregions.InadditiontothedefaultregionsDrupalrecommends,theBartikthemehassevencustomregionsforlayingoutblocksinthefooterandsub-footer.

Seven

SevenisDrupal'sdefaultadministrativetheme.BornoutoftheDrupal7UserExperienceproject,SevendrovemanyofDrupal'suserinterfaceimprovementsbetweenDrupal6andDrupal7.Itcontainsveryfewregions;itsfocusisonperformingadministrativetasks.

Stark

StarkisaminimalDrupaltheme.ItsmainpurposeistoexposeDrupal'sdefaultHTMLmarkupandCSS.ItdoesnotprovideanytemplatefilesandbarelyprovidesanyCSSatall,otherthanbasiclayoutstylesthatplacethedefaultsidebarregions.

StarkisagoodthemefordeveloperstocodeagainstwhenwritingCSSfortheirmodules.Itcanalsoassistthemedeveloperswhentryingtotroubleshootissueswherethey'renotpositiveiftheproblemiswiththeirthemeoranothermodule.

EnablinganddisablingthemesDownloadedorcustombuiltthemesshouldbeplacedin:

<drupal-root>/themes/contrib/

and

<drupal-root>/themes/custom/

respectively.

Enablinganddisablingthemesisdoneinawaysimilartoenablinganddisablingmodules.Thelistofavailablethemescanbefoundathttp://example.com/admin/appearence,alsoavailableatAdministration>Appearance:

WorkingwithThemes

46

http://d7ux.org

http://example.com/admin/appearance

Anyoftheenabledthemescanbesetasthedefaulttheme(alsoreferredtoastheactivetheme).Clickingonatheme'ssettingslinkleadstotheconfigurationscreenofthatparticulartheme.

DefininganAdministrationtheme

Inadditiontothedefaulttheme,youcanalsoindicatewhichoftheavailablethemesshouldbeusedastheadministrationtheme.Oftenthethemeyouchooseforthepublicfacingpartofthesiteisnotparticularlysuitedforadministrationscreenswhichtendtorequireasimpleandcleaninterfacewithasmuch'screenrealestate'possible.

Globalthemesettingsvs.per-themesettings

Theconfigurationoptionsforaparticularthemeconsistoftwoparts:

Generalsettings,inheritedfromtheGlobalthemesettings,thatcanbeoverriddenonaper-themebasis.

Examplesincludesettingsforacolourschemeandwhichimagetouseforthesitelogo:

WorkingwithThemes

47

Settingsprovidedbythecreatorofthetheme,specifictothatparticularthemealone.

Let'ssayyouinstallathemethathasafocusonbeingusableonmobiledevices.Suchathemecouldprovidesettingsrelatedtohowthelayoutofthesiteshouldbehaveonasmallsmartphoneasopposedtoalargertabletdevice.

WorkingwithThemes

48

Themeinheritance

Basethemesandsub-themes

Drupalthemescan,andoftenare,basedonotherthemes.Anoftenusedscenarioisanorganisationcreatingaso-calledbasethemethatcontainsanumberofpossiblelayoutsforaseveralpagesandelements,anddefinesangenericlook-and-feelandbranding.EachoftheindividualdepartmentscouldhavetheirownDrupalsite(oransiteinstanceinamultisitesetup)andhavetheirowncustomisedtheme.

Oneapproachwouldbefor,say,theHRdepartmenttosimplycopythethemeandadaptittotheirneeds.However,ifchangesaremadetotheoriginalthemetheywon'tautomaticallyappearintothecopies.

Drupal'ssolutiontothisistheconceptofbasethemesandsub-themes.Basethemescanbethoughtofasparentthemes,sub-themesaschildthemes.

Themeinheritanceandtraversal

AswasthecaseinDrupal7,variousbitsandpiecesinDrupalarethemedwithdedicatedtemplatefiles:pages,views,nodes,users,blocks,etc...allhaveoneormorecorrespondingtemplatefiles.

Whenit'spreparingtotheme,say,anode,Drupalcheckswhetherthecurrentlyactivethemecontainsthefile node.html.twig.

Ifthecurrentlyactivethemecontainsthatfile,it'sused

Ifthecurrentlyactivethemedoesnotcontainthatfile,Drupalchecksifabasethemeisdefinedanifso,ifthatbasethemecontainsthatfile.Ifthatbasethemeinturnisasub-themeofyetanotherbasetheme(agrand-paranttheme),thatoneissearchedaswellforthe node.html.twigfile.

Thisprocessendswhenthehierarchicalchainofbasethemesandsub-themesends,orwhena node.html.twigfileisencountered.

Iftraversingthroughthechainofthemeshasnotyieldedanyresult,thecoretemplatefileprovidedbythenodemoduleat/core/modules/node/templates/node.html.twigisused.

Thistraversalofthemes,andfallingbacktoacoretemplatefileisunchangedfromDrupal7,onlynowthetemplatefilesarecalled *.html.twigratherthan *.tpl.php,andtheycontaintwigmarkupratherthanhtmlandphp.

ThemeInheritance

49

CERNThemes:CERNBaseandCERNOverride

CERNBase

CERNBaseisthedefaulttheme,enabledwhenyoucreateanewCERND8site.Unlessyouhaveaspecificthemeneedthatcan'tbefulfilledbyusingCERNBase,thisisthethemeyouuse.

ThisthemeisbuiltfollowingCERN'sbrandinganddesignguidelines,anditscolourconfigurationoptionssuitmostsitebuilders.

ForsitebuilderswhowanttogofurtherandwanttomaketheirownDrupaltemplatefilesandprovidetheirowncssandjavascript,CERNhasbuilttheCERNOverridetheme.

CERNOverride

CERNoverrideisachildthemeofCERNBase:itisanexactcopyofCERNBase,readyforyoutomakeyourchangesbyoverridingorextendingthebasetheme.

TogetstartedwithCERNOverride:

1. RequestaccesstotheGitlab"CERNOverride"project2. DownloadacopyoftheCERNOverridesourcecode(orclonetherepoifyouarefamiliarwithgit)3. Uploadthethemetoyoursite's"/themes/"directory4. GotoAdmin>Appearance(/admin/appearance),findtheCERNOverridethemeamongthelistedthemes,andclick

"enableandsetasdefault".

Youcannowstartmakingchangestotemplatefilesanduploadthemodifiedfilestoyoursite's"/themes/cernoverride"directory.

Themostcommonchangesitebuildersmakeisusingcustomcssclassesintheirpagecontent,andcreatecustomCSScodeintheCERNOverridethemetomatchtheclassnames.

It'sinterestingtoknowthatCERNBaseisbuiltontopoftheBootstrapCSSFrameworkwhichalreadyprovidesready-to-useclassnamesandfacilitiesforeffects,responsivedesign,andaccessibility.Tolearnmoreaboutthis,visithttps://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.3/.

CERNBaseandCERNOverride

50

https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.3/

ThemeConfigurationSettingsEverythemehasitsownsettingspageat admin/appearance/settings/THEMENAME,withsettingssuchas"Logoimagesettings"and"Shortcuticonsettings."

Yourthemecanprovidedefaultvaluesforthesesettingsinafilenamed THEMENAME.settings.yml.

Thefollowexamplesetsthe"usedefaultlogosuppliedbythetheme"and"userpicturesinposts"settings(foundat/admin/appearance/settingsto1(TRUE)whenthethemeisenabledforthefirsttime.

→/themes/custom/THEMENAME/config/install/THEMENAME.settings.yml:

default_logo:1toggle_node_user_picture:1

ThemeConfigurationSettings

51

AssetLibraries

AssetLibraries

52

Assetlibraries:IntroductionD8introducestheconceptofassetlibraries,usedtospecifytheloadingofcustomcssandjsfiles.

Librariescanbedefinedbymodulesandbythemes.

Todefinealibraryinyourtheme,addafilenamed THEMENAME.libraries.ymlinyourthemedirectory,replacingTHEMENAMEwiththenameofyourtheme.

Yourfirststepistodefinealibraryinyour THEMENAME.libraries.ymlfile.Thesecondstepistospecifywhen/wherethislibraryshouldbeincluded;youusuallydothisin THEMENAME.info.yml(discussedbelow).

Basiclibrarysyntax

Example1:alibrarythatreferencesasinglecssfile

library-name:css:theme:css/mycomponent.css:{}js:js/mycomponent.js:{}

Example2:alibrarythatreferencesmultiplecssfiles

library-name:css:theme:css/mycomponent-colors.css:{}css/mycomponent-typography.css:{}css/mycomponent-structure.css:{}

Example3:alibrarythatreferencescssandjsfiles

library-name:css:theme:css/mycomponent.css:{}js:js/mycomponent.js:{}js/otherstuff.js:{}

Example4:alibraryforaslideshow

slideshow:css:theme:css/slideshow.css:{}js:js/slideshow.js:{}

Globalassets


53

Byconvention,allscriptsandstylesthatshouldbeloadedoneverypageshouldbegroupedintolibrariesnamedglobal-stylingandglobal_scripts:

Example5:globalassets

global-styling:css:theme:css/style.css:{}css/colors.css:{}

global-scripts:js:js/trackers.js:{}js/advertising.js:{}js/animations.js:{}

Addingalibrarytothe.info.ymlfile

Thebasicpropertiesofeverytheme,includingtheassetlibrariestouse,aredefinedintheir THEMENAME.info.ymlfile.

Assumingyour THEMENAME.libraries.ymlfilecontainstheglobal-stylingexamplementionedinexample5,thefollowingshouldbeaddedto THEMENAME.info.yml:

libraries:-THEMENAME/global-styling-THEMENAME/global-scripts

Fullexample

Assumingyourthemeisnamedcorporate:

→/themes/custom/corporate/corporate.libraries.yml:

global-styling:css:theme:css/corpstyle.css:{}

global-scripts:js:js/somescript.js:{}js/otherscript.js:{}

→/themes/custom/corporate/corporate.info.yml:

libraries:-corporate/global-styling-corporate/global-scripts

Loadingassetsfromabasetheme

Ifyourthemeisbuiltontopofabasetheme(seesectionThemeInheritance),yourassetlibrarycanloadfilesfromyourbasethemeaswell.


54

Thefollowingexampleloads css/components/accordion/accordion.cssfromthebasetheme,and css/style.cssfromthecurrenttheme:

global-styling:base:css/components/accordion/accordion.css:{}theme:css/style.css:{}


55


Dependencies

Incaseswhereyourcustomjavascriptdependsonotherjavascriptfilestobeloadedfirst,youcanspecifiesdependenciesinyourassetlibraries:

Thefollowingexampleensuresthatthefollowinglibrariesareloadedaswell:

thejquerylibrary,providedbyDrupalcorethebasic-sliderlibrary,providedbythesuper_slideshowmodule

slideshow:js:js/slideshow.js:{}dependencies:-core/jquery-super_slideshow/basic-slider

Youwoulddothisifyouwantedtobuilduponthejavascriptprovidedbysuper_slideshow/basic-slider,andwouldusejQueryfunctionstodoso.

Note:inDrupal8jQueryisnolongerloadedbydefaultonallpages.IfyourcustomjavascriptreliesonjQueryyoumustspecifythisdependencyinyourlibrarydefinition.


56

AssetLibraries:PropertiesYoucanaddpropertiestoeachassetinyourassetlibraryinsidethecurlybracketsfollowingassetyourtheme'sTHEMENAME.libraries.ymlfile.

Propertyexamples

Conditionalloadingbasedonbrowsertype

Thefollowingexamplespecifies:

load css/style.cssonallpagesonlyload css/style-ie9.csswhenthebrowserisIE9(orlower).Don'tloadonbrowsersthatarenotIE.

global-styling:css:theme:css/style.css:{}css/style-ie9.css:{browsers:{IE:'lteIE9','!IE':false}}

Conditionalloadingbasedonmediatype

global-styling:css:theme:css/style.css:{}css/print.css:{media:print}

FurtherReading

AllD8libraryproperties

https://www.drupal.org/docs/8/theming/adding-stylesheets-css-and-javascript-js-to-a-drupal-8-theme#libraries-options-details

CSSMediaproperties

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media

AssetLibraries:Properties

57

https://www.drupal.org/docs/8/theming/adding-stylesheets-css-and-javascript-js-to-a-drupal-8-theme#libraries-options-details

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media

Twig

Twig

58

TemplateFilenameConventionsDrupalloadstemplatesbasedoncertainnamingconventions.Youcanoverridetemplatesbyaddingthemtoyourthemeandgivingthemspecificnamesfollowingafilenameconvention.

Note:AfteraddinganewtemplateyoumustclearthecachetomakeDrupalawareofyouraddition.

Thefollowingisashortlistofthemostoftenusedtemplates.PleaserefertoAdditionalReadingformoreexamplesandin-depthinformation.

Note:Youmustreplaceunderscoreswithhyphensinyourplaceholders.

Example:ifthepatternis'page--[nodetype].html.twig'andyournodetype'smachinenameis'promo_events',yourtemplatefilenamemustbe page--promo-events.html.twig.

HTML<head>templatesBasetemplate: html.html.twig

Patternexamples:

html--[internalviewpath].html.twig

html--node--[nodeid].html.twig

html.html.twig

Pagetemplates

Basetemplate: page.html.twig

Pattern: page--[front|internal/path].html.twig

Patternexamples:

page--node--edit.html.twig

page--node--1.html.twig

page--[nodetype].html.twig

page--node.html.twig

page.html.twig

RegiontemplatesBasetemplate: region.html.twig

Pattern: region--[region].html.twig

Patternexamples:

region--highlighted.html.twig

region--footer.html.twig

Blocktemplates


59

Basetemplate: block.html.twig

Pattern: block--[module|delta].html.twig

Patternexamples:

block--[module]--[delta].html.twig

block--[module].html.twig

block.html.twig

Nodetemplates

Basetemplate: node.html.twig

Pattern: node--[content-type|nodeid]--[viewmode].html.twig

Patternexamples:

node--[nodeid]--[viewmode].html.twig

node--[nodeid].html.twig

node--[content-type]--[viewmode].html.twig

node--[content-type].html.twig

node--[viewmode].html.twig

node.html.twig

Fieldtemplates

Basetemplate: field.html.twig

Pattern: field--[type|name[--content-type]|content-type].html.twig

Patternexamples:

field--node--[field-name]--[content-type].html.twig

field--node--[field-name].html.twig

field--node--[content-type].html.twig

field--node--[field-name].html.twig

field--[field-type].html.twig

field.html.twig

TaxonomyTermtemplatesBasetemplate: taxonomy-term.html.twig

Pattern: taxonomy-term--[vocabulary-machine-name|tid].html.twig

Patternexamples:

taxonomy-term--[tid].html.twig

taxonomy-term--[vocabulary-machine-name].html.twig

taxonomy-term.html.twig

Viewstemplates


60

Basetemplate: views-view.html.twig

Patternexamples:

views-view--[viewid]--[view-display-id].html.twig

views-view--[viewid]--[view-display-type].html.twig

views-view--[view-display-type].html.twig

views-view--[viewid].html.twig

views-view.html.twig

ViewsFieldtemplatesBasetemplate: views-view-field.html.twig

Patternexamples:

views-view-field--[viewid]--[view-display-id]--[fieldid].html.twig

views-view-field--[viewid]--page--[fieldid].html.twig

views-view-field--block--[fieldid].html.twig

views-view-field--[fieldid].html.twig

views-view-field.html.twig

AdditionalReadingPathbasednamingconventions:https://www.drupal.org/docs/8/theming/twig/working-with-twig-templates#path-based-page-theme-hook-suggestions


61

https://www.drupal.org/docs/8/theming/twig/working-with-twig-templates#path-based-page-theme-hook-suggestions

Twig:AddingAssetLibrariesYoucanattachanassetlibrarytoaTwigtemplatewiththe ̀ attach_library()functioninany*.html.twigfile.

ExampleAssumingyourthemeisnamedcorporateandhasa corporate.libraries.ymlfilewhichcontainsalibrarydefinitionnamedslideshow:

→/themes/mytheme/templates/mytemplate.html.twig:

{{attach_library('corporate/slideshow')}}

<div>Slideshowtemplatestuffgoeshere</div>...

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AddingaNewLanguage

InstallthecoreLanguageModule.

GotoAdmin>Configuration>Regionalandlanguage(config/regional/language)toaddadditionallanguages.

EnablingContentTranslationInstallthecoreContentTranslationModule.

TheconfigurationsettingsofseveralEntityTypesnowhaveanadditionalLanguageSettingsfieldsetwhereyoucanenabletranslationandconfiguretranslationoptions.

ThetranslatableEntityTypesinclude:

nodes(contenttypes)customblockstaxonomytermsmenus

OncetranslationisenabledforagivenEntityType,allentitiesofthattypebecometranslatable.

AddtheLanguageSwitcherblock

AtthispointtheLanguageSwitcherblockhasbecomeavailableforyouuse.It'sagoodideatoaddittooneofyoursite'sthemeregionssoyoucanexperimentmoreeasilywithcontenttranslationandinterfacetranslation.

TranslatingContent

Youcanenableandconfiguretranslationsettingsoneachcontenttype'sconfigurationsettingspage.

TranslatablenodeshaveanadditionalTranslateLocalTasktabwhereyoucantrackthetranslationintoeachdefinedlanguage.

TranslatingTaxonomytermsYoucanenableandconfiguretranslationsettingsoneachvocabulary'sconfigurationsettingspage.

TranslatingBlocksYoucanenableandconfiguretranslationsettingsoneachcustomblocktype'sconfigurationsettingspage.

TranslatingMenusYoucanenableandconfiguretranslationsettingsoneachmenu'sconfigurationsettingspage.


63

EnablingInterfaceTranslation

InstallthecoreContentTranslationModule.

AtAdmin>Configuration>RegionalandLanguage>UserInterfaceTranslation(/admin/config/regional/translate)youcanprovidecustomstringtranslationsorimport .potranslationfilesdownloadedfromhttps://localize.drupal.org.

Onhttps://localize.drupal.org:

FindandclickthelanguageforwhichyouwanttodownloadthetranslationsClickontheOverviewtabClickontheDrupalcoreDownloadlinkforDrupal8todownloadthe .pofile

Importthe .pofileatAdmin>Configuration>RegionalandLanguage>UserInterfaceTranslation/>Import(/admin/config/regional/translate/import).

LanguageDetectionandSelection

Wheneveryouloadapage,Drupalneedstodecidewhichlanguageisusedtodisplaypageelements(primarilytextprovidedbymodules,suchasfieldlabelsandhelptext).

ItdoessobasedonthetheLanguageandDetectionsettingsatAdmin>Configuration>Regionalandlanguage>Detectionandselection(config/regional/language/detection).


64

https://localize.drupal.org/

https://localize.drupal.org/

WritingCustomMigrationsPresentation:https://gitlab.com/jpoesen/introduction-to-d8-migrations

Samplecode:https://gitlab.com/jpoesen/product_migration

WritingCustomMigrations

65

https://gitlab.com/jpoesen/introduction-to-d8-migrations

https://gitlab.com/jpoesen/product_migration

AdditionalResourceshttps://webtools.web.cern.ch/technologies/drupalhttps://test-d8-migration-trn1.web.cern.ch(trn1-trn10)https://www.drupal.org/docs/8https://api.drupal.org

AdditionalResources

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https://webtools.web.cern.ch/technologies/drupal


https://www.drupal.org/docs/8

https://api.drupal.org

table of contentsdrupal blocks are best described as content containers. they are the primary tool...

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