t2 2 3 ecology2 day 2 3 succession
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REVIEW
1. Where does this system
get its energy from?
2. List the producers, primary
consumers, and secondaryconsumers.
3. Where does the largest
amount of energy exist?
4. Where does the leastamount of energy exist?
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OB!"#$%!&
"O'#!'#(
1. )!*$'! &uccession.
2. "ompare+"ontrast rimary and &econdary
succession.
3. !-L$' /hat ioneer organisms are and /hythey are so important.
4. )!&"0$B! the process of ond succession.
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"hanges in !cosystems(
!cological &uccession
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)efinition(
#he gradual change in an ecosystem
caused y the replacement of one
community y another until a stale climax
community is estalished.
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"hange in animals depends on the change in
plantlife.
Long term gradual change in ecosystems
occurs ecause oer time one species /ill
replace another.
Long Term Change
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http://www.ux1.eiu.edu
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WHAT CAUE UCCEI!"#
&ometimes the enironment changes aruptly 5 rapidly. )ue to 6uman $nterference 7clearing land for farming,
stores, homes, etc89
)ue to 'atural disasters(
− *orest fires− %olcanoes
− &torms
!cosystems /ill /or: to restore themseles ac: to a
&tale or &teady &tate.
"an e 0$;0< or &!"O')0
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$ T%&E !' LA"( UCCEI!"
rimary succession the deelopment of plant
communities on ne/ly formed haitats that)O'=# 6%! &O$L 7!x8a laa flo/9
&econdary succession return of an area to its
natural egetation follo/ing a disruption orremoal of the original climax community /here
O'L< &O$L $& L!*#. 7!x8*orest fire9
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&ioneer pe)ie*
#he first organisms to inhait a gienlocation 7!x8lichens on are roc:9
ioneer organisms modify their enironment,thus estalishing conditions under /hich
more adanced organisms can lie.
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L http://+otit.+otan,.wi*).edu
http://www.*aguaro-uniper.)om/
L$"6!'&( alga 5 fungi in
;utualistic relationship
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rimary &uccession
&oil starts to form as lichens 7pioneer
species9, /eather, and erosion rea:
do/n roc:s into smaller pieces.
When lichens die, they decompose,
adding small amounts of organic matter
7nutrients9 to ma:e soil.
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0$;0< &>""!&&$O'
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rimary &uccession
#he simple plants die, adding more
organic material
#he soil layer thic:ens, and grasses,
/ildflo/ers, and other plants egin to ta:e
oer
http://www.)wr.utexa*.edu
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rimary &uccession
#hese plants die, and they add more
nutrients to the soil
&hrus and trees can surie no/
http://www.rowan.edu
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rimary &uccession
$nsects, small irds, and mammals hae
egun to moe in
What /as once are roc: no/ supports a
ariety of life
http://p$-raw.greenpea)e.org
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&econdary &uccession
Begins in a place that already has soil and
/as once the home of liing organisms
Occurs faster and has different pioneer
species than primary succession
!xample( after forest fires
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&!"O')0< &>""!&&$O'
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Cimax Communit, mature community in /hich populations remain
stale and may not undergo further successionunless there is another disturance.
)oes not al/ays mean ig trees
@rasses in prairies "acti in deserts
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ond &uccession
6o/ does a pond eentually ecome
a forest????
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1. ediment0 aen ea2e* and de+ri* ainto the a3e and a))umuate on the+ottom.
$. The water depth 3eep* de)rea*ing.
4. 5o** and rooted pant* grow aroundthe edge* o the *haow a3e.
6. The a3e )ontinue* to i in and+e)ome* ri)h with nutrient*.
7. La3e +e)ome* a mar*h.
8. 5ar*h +e)ome* dr, and.
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9. Land )ommunit, repa)e* the auati))ommunit, through *e)ondar, and*u))e**ion.
;. !2er time0 the a3e wi +e)ome aore*t.
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