t he i ntegumentary s ystem. f unctions of s kin regulates body temp. stores blood protects body...
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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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FUNCTIONS OF SKIN Regulates body
temp. Stores blood Protects body from
external env’t. Detects cutaneous
sensations Excretes and
absorbs substances Synthesizes vitamin
D
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SKIN LAYERS: EPIDERMIS
Stratified squamous epithelium 90% have Keratin: a tough, fibrous protein
(protection) Granules: release a water-repellent sealant 8% have melanin: pigment that absorbs UV
light
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Langerhans cells:
immune response, recognize invading microbes
Stratum basale: simple cuboidal. Stem cells divide to produce new layers above.
Outer layer is 30 layers of flattened, dead cells
Light blue - Langerhans cellDark blue- melanocyteBrown- stem cells
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LOWER LAYERS Dermis: connective
tissue, elastic fibers. Blood vessels Nerve endings Hair follicles Sweat glands Oil glands Subcutaneous: fat,
collagen, elastic fibers
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SKIN COLOR
Combination of melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin pigments.
# of melanocytes the same in everyone, but the amount of melanin differs.
Tanning: increased melanin production to absorb UV.
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USING SKIN COLOR TO DIAGNOSE ILLNESS
Yellow skin/eyes- liver disease (jaundice)
No melanin - albinism Bluish nails- cyanosis Erythema-
inflammation, allergies
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SKIN CANCER Cause: excessive
exposure to the sun. 1million cases per year in US, number increasing.
Basal cell: tumors in the stratum basale:78%
Squamous cell: 20%Tumors in stratum
spinosum of epidermis. Melanoma: arise from
melanocytes- life threatening. 1:75 chance lifetime risk.
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
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BURNS
1st degree: epidermis only, no blisters
2nd degree: epidermis + dermis , blisters
3rd degree: destroys all layers of skin. Requires a skin graft.
Systemic effects: large loss of water, plasma, infection, reduced immune response.