t he e ighteenth c entury : an era of enlightenment
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE EIGHTEENTH THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY:CENTURY:An Era of An Era of EnlightenmentEnlightenment
![Page 2: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTIONo Imagine you walk into Target and
notice a duffle bag in the entry way. Upon closer observation you realize it is full of cash. What do you do? And, why do you do it?
o Based on our conversation, do you think humans are naturally good or bad? Why?
![Page 3: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PHILOSOPHES o Paris, Franceo French thinkers with five beliefs:
1. Truth through reason2. What is natural is good; human
actions are shaped by natural laws3. Therefore, acting according to
nature can bring happiness4. By taking a scientific view, people
and society can progress5. Liberty through reason
![Page 4: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
THE SPREAD OF ENLIGHTENED IDEAS: THE SALON
Philosophes gathered to debate ways to improve government and society
![Page 5: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
THE SPREAD OF ENLIGHTENED IDEAS…CONTINUES The growing Middle
Class generates a greater interest in equality
Denis Diderot and The Encyclopedia
The Novel: Story that explores the thoughts and feelings of its characters
Classical Music: Mozart and Beethoven
![Page 6: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
THE SPREAD OF ENLIGHTENED IDEAS…CONTINUES
Neoclassical Art: Thomas Jefferson’s estate, Monticello
![Page 7: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ACTIVITY: Directions: Each group must discuss the quotes below.
Then, create an image to illustrate its meaning. Thomas Hobbes: Without governments, there would
be “war…of every man against every man” Voltaire: “I do not agree with a word you say but will
defend to the death your right to say it” Montesquieu: “Power should be a check to power.” Rousseau: “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in
chains” John Locke: “…no one ought to harm another in
his life, health, liberty, or possessions.” Mary Wollstonecraft: ““I love man as my fellow;
but his scepter, real, or usurped, extends not to me, unless the reason of an individual demands my homage; and even then the submission is to reason, and not to man.”
![Page 8: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IMPACT OF ENLIGHTENED THOUGHT Ideas influence start of two
major revolutions Progress is attainable Made the world less religious
and more secular Individualism: Emphasized
the ability of every human to affect change
Enlightened Despots: Monarchs who recognize the rights of their people
![Page 9: T HE E IGHTEENTH C ENTURY : An Era of Enlightenment](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070403/56649f2b5503460f94c45526/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
KEY PHILOSOPHERS
Voltaire: Freedom of thought & expression
Montesquieu: Separation of powers (The Spirit of the Laws)
Rousseau: Civilization imprisons people (The Social Contract)
Beccaria: Abolishment of torture
Diderot: Compile knowledge into a single work (Encyclopedia)
Wollstonecraft: Women’s equality in education