Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University 1

Section 4Section 4 The Bones of the The Bones of the Lower LimbLower Limb (( 下肢骨下肢骨 ))

A. The Hip Bone ( 髋骨 )

B. The Femur ( 股骨 )

C. The Patella ( 髌骨 )

D. The Tibia ( 胫骨 )

E. The Fibula ( 腓骨 )

F. Bones of the Foot ( 足骨 )

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Ant. View Lat. View Post. View

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A. The Hip boneA. The Hip bone ( ( 髋骨髋骨 )) Before 16 years old it consists of thre

e bones: ilium ( 髂骨 ) pubis ( 耻骨 ) ischium ( 坐骨 )

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A. The Hip boneA. The Hip bone ( ( 髋骨髋骨 ))1. Borders- 1) Superior border - anterior superior iliac spine

(髂前上棘 )

iliac crest (髂嵴 )

iliac tubercle (髂结节 )

posterior superior iliac spine (髂后上棘 )

[acupuncture of ilium 髂骨穿刺术 ]

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A. The Hip boneA. The Hip bone ( ( 髋骨髋骨 ))2) Anterior border- anterior inferior iliac s

pine (髂前下棘 )

iliopubic eminence (髂耻隆起 )

superior ramus of pubis (耻骨上支 )

pubic tubercle (耻骨结节 )

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A. The Hip boneA. The Hip bone ( ( 髋骨髋骨 )) 3) Inferior border -- symphyseal surface (联合面 )

inferior ramus of pubis (耻骨下支 )

[determination of age 年龄鉴定 ]

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A. The Hip boneA. The Hip bone ( ( 髋骨髋骨 ))4) Posterior border - posterior inferior iliac spine (髂后下棘 )

greater sciatic notch (坐骨大切迹 )

ischial spine (坐骨棘 )

lesser sciatic notch (坐骨小切迹 )

ischial tuberosity (坐骨结节 ) [obstetric examination

产科检查 ]

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A. The Hip boneA. The Hip bone ( ( 髋骨髋骨 )) 2. Surfaces 1) Medial surface -- iliac fossa (髂窝 )

pecten of pubic bone (耻骨梳 )

arcuate line (弓状线 )

auricular surface (耳状面 )

tuberosity of ilium (髂粗隆 )

obturator foramen (闭孔 )

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A. The Hip boneA. The Hip bone ( ( 髋骨髋骨 ))2) Lateral surface --

ala of ilium (髂骨翼 )

gluteal surface (臀面 )

acetabulum (髋臼 )

acetabular notch

(髋臼切迹 )

[fracture of ala of ilium

髂骨翼骨折 ]

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B. The Femur (B. The Femur ( 股骨股骨 ))1. Upper (Proximal) End -- femoral head (股骨头 )

fovea of femoral head (股骨头凹 )

neck of femur (股骨颈 )

greater trochanter (大转子 )

lesser trochanter (小转子 )

intertrochanteric line (转子间线 )

intertrochanteric crest (转子间嵴 )

[fracture of the neck of femur 股骨颈骨折 ]

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B. The Femur (B. The Femur ( 股骨股骨 ))2. Shaft of Femur -- linea aspera (粗线 ) gluteal tuberosity (臀肌粗隆 ) nutrient foramen (滋养孔 ) popliteal surface (腘面 ) [fracture of femoral shaft 股骨干骨折 ]3. Lower (Distal) End -- medial condyle (内侧髁 ) lateral condyle (外侧髁 ) intercondylar fossa (髁间窝 ) medial epicondyle (内上髁 ) lateral epicondyle (外上髁 ) [estimation of stature 推算身高 ]

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B. The Femur (B. The Femur ( 股股骨骨 ))

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RRAnt.viewAnt.view

RR

LL

LLPost.viewPost.view

C. The Patella (C. The Patella ( 髌骨髌骨 ))

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LL Ant.view Ant.view LL Post.view Post.view

1. Upper (Proximal) End -- medial condyle (内侧髁 ) lateral condyle (外侧髁 ) tibial tuberosity (胫骨粗隆 ) intercondylar eminence (髁间隆起 )

D. The Tibia (D. The Tibia ( 胫骨胫骨 ))

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D. The Tibia (D. The Tibia ( 胫骨胫骨 ))2. Shaft of the Tibia

-- medial surface (内侧面 ) interosseous border

(骨间缘 ) [fracture of the shaft of

tibia 胫骨干骨折 ]

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LL Ant.view Ant.view LL Post.view Post.view

D. The Tibia (D. The Tibia ( 胫骨胫骨 ))3. Lower (Distal)

End -- medial malleolus (内踝 ) fibular notch (腓切迹 ) inferior articular

surface (下关节面 )

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E. The Fibula (E. The Fibula ( 腓骨腓骨 )) 1. Upper (Proximal) End -- fibular head (腓骨头 )

2. Shaft of the Fibula -- interosseous border (骨间缘 )

[autografting of fibula 腓骨自体移植术 ]

3. Lower (Distal) End -- lateral malleolus (外踝 )

articular facet of lateral malleolus

(外踝关节面 )

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LL Ant.view Ant.view LL Post.view Post.view

Bones of Lower Limb

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R sup.viewR sup.view

F. Bones of the Foot (F. Bones of the Foot ( 足足骨骨 ))1. Tarsal Bones ( 跗骨 ) --

talus (距骨 ) calcaneus (跟骨 ) navicular bone (足舟骨 ) medial cuneiform bone (内侧楔骨 ) intermediate cuneiform bone (中间楔骨 ) lateral cuneiform bone (外侧楔骨 ) cuboid bone (骰骨 )

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2. Metatarsal Bones (1st to 5th) ( 跖骨 ) --

base (底 ), shaft (体 ), head (头 )3. Phalanges of Toes (1st to 5th)

( 趾骨 ) 1) proximal phalanx (近节趾骨 ) base, shaft, head. 2) middle phalanx (中节趾骨 ) base, shaft, head. 3) distal phalanx (远节趾骨 ) base, shaft, tuberosity (粗隆 ). [hallux valgus 拇外翻 ]

F. Bones of the Foot (F. Bones of the Foot ( 足骨足骨 ))

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R lateral viewR lateral view

R medial viewR medial view

R sup. viewR sup. view R inf. viewR inf. view

F. Bones of the Foot (F. Bones of the Foot ( 足骨足骨 ))

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F. Bones of the Foot (F. Bones of the Foot ( 足足骨骨 ))