system level data and technology requirements of rev
TRANSCRIPT
The System-Level Data and
Technology Requirements
of REVBob Currie, PhD
Jeremiah Miller, PE
IEEE PES Schenectady Colloquium, September 2015
@curriebob [email protected]@SmrtrGridSols [email protected]
Contents
• Smarter Grid Solutions
• Global developments in power industry regulation
• Introduction to REV
• Some fundamental challenges around data and systems
• How might distribution management evolve?
• What might we see in the short to near-term?
• Conclusions
Smarter Grid Solutions
• The leading provider of Active Network Management products and services
• Autonomous Distributed Energy Resource control for increased hosting capacity
– DER Coordination: DG, batteries, EVs, thermal storage, demand response
– Congestion, voltage, microgrid management
– Increased visibility and situational awareness for distribution utilities
– Defer/postpone grid upgrades in the $millions
• Managing DER access in real-time based on actual loading and voltage headroom
– For example, curtailment of DG can increase economically viable hosting capacity by up to 100%
– Also scheduling day-ahead based on forecast weather and DER data
– Maintain reliability and not burden control room with day-to-day DER management
• Participate in various Regulatory working groups and standards bodies
You do what? Here is an example from Scotland..
Our story
European activities:
• Increase distribution grid hosting capacity with 4 of the 6 distribution utilities in the UK
• Participating in Regulatory change and UK Govt/Regulator Chaired working groups and forums
• Web Portals for online capacity assessment of new wind and solar interconnections
• Established in 2008
• Spun-out of the University of
Strathclyde
• 60 employees
• Launched US business in 2014
North American activities:
– Con Edison and Southern Company - Microgrids and Distributed
Energy Resource integration
– PowerStream (Ontario) - non-wires alternatives
– NREL Demonstration Project
– REV Demo Project with Iberdrola in New York
– Participating in working groups: REV in New York, IEEE 1547
and IEEE 2030.7
Examples of global developments in power industry regulation
United Kingdom Revenue = Innovation + Incentives +
Outputs
New YorkReforming the Energy Vision
CaliforniaDRPs and Rule 21
OntarioOutput Measures
Some common themes: DER GrowthBusiness Model
InnovationTechnology/ Innovation
Adoption BarriersSkills and Resources
What is the Smart Grid?DOE lists five fundamental technologies that will drive the Smart Grid: • Integrated communications, connecting components to open architecture for real-time
information and control, allowing every part of the grid to both ‘talk’ and ‘listen’
• Sensing and measurement technologies, to support faster and more accurate response such as remote monitoring, time-of-use pricing and demand-side management
• Advanced components, to apply the latest research in superconductivity, storage, power electronics and diagnostics
• Advanced control methods, to monitor essential components, enabling rapid diagnosis and precise solutions appropriate to any event
• Improved interfaces and decision support, to amplify human decision-making, transforming grid operators and managers quite literally into visionaries when it come to seeing into their systems DOE: Smart Grid: An Introduction
http://energy.gov/oe/downloads/smart-grid-introduction-0
Smart Grid Architecture Model
• Focus today is on how we
think about today’s grid and
where system level data and
technology can or cannot be
easily leveraged in the near
term to meet REV goals
Smart Grid Information Networks
NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standardshttp://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/upload/NIST-SP-1108r3.pdf
Power systems challenges?
• This is a simple example, but it illustrates the kind of planning problem faced due to load growth
• Other challenges include DG connections, planning limits (FERC and SIR)
Introduction to REV (Reforming the Energy Vision)
• “The REV initiative will lead to regulatory changes that promote more efficient use of energy, deeper penetration of renewable energy resources such as wind and solar, wider deployment of “distributed” energy resources, such as micro grids, on-site power supplies, and storage”, Source: DPS, 2015
• Track One– Distribution System Platform
• Track Two– Regulatory and Ratemaking Reforms
• REV Demo Projects– Delivering results in 2016 https://www.ny.gov/programs/reforming-energy-vision
REV Challenges – Data and Systems
Moving to a more distributed system with higher distributed energy resource (DER) levels will not happen overnight:
• Where are utilities starting from?
• What does location and timing mean for data and systems?
• What will generate and consume data? Source of truth?
• What products and services will there be and how are these dependent on data? Lead-times on investments?
• Issues associated with visibility of distribution assets, ICT investment, clustering of technologies, etc
REV Challenges – Data and Systems
REV implies the following:
• High degree of visibility of the distribution system
• High fidelity models of grid components, resources and customers
• Flexible and secure systems
• Broader interaction and engagement between incumbent utilities and customers and DER developers
• Multiple new markets (at the distribution level) and revenue streams
• A more transactive grid – where DER realizes its value to the system based on location and timing
REV Challenges – Data and Systems
• Where are we starting from?– In some cases only 50% of the distribution system is monitored
– We need gradual investment in monitoring and communications
• Distribution is not transmission– What about bad data detection? Topology processing? Observability analysis? The state estimation
problem at distribution is under-determined – pseudo data required
– The above has implications for the techniques used to create visibility and perform pricing calculations
– We need better models? But we also need to cope with a lot of changes…
– Other power systems issues: e.g. imbalance, protection systems and losses
• Building out the control systems and enterprise systems– Centralized and decentralized approaches
– Where to start?
– Standards, cyber security
Many of the solutions to these challenges are in their infancy and being developed and tested in R&D activities – this impacts the speed of REV progress
Creating observable distribution systems
Source: Davidson et al, CIRED 2013Source: Kong et al, CIRED 2011
Can we optimize? With respect to what?
• When we have a static case and a suitable data set, a range of optimization techniques can be used
• However, for distribution systems this is yet to be proven as practical
• Using these techniques for online (and hence fast or automated) control decision making is a BIG challenge
Stott & Alsac, White Paper – Optimal Power Flow – Basic Requirements for Real-Life Problems and their Solutions
Grid Hosting Capacity for Clean Energy/DER – Going from Passive to
Active
Rylander et al, EPRI, CIRED Conference 2015
• More “passive” approach• “Static” capacity limits can provide near-
term benefits• BUT, means DG not integrated into the
operation of the distribution system
• More “active” approach• “Dynamic” capacity limits can provide
significant uplift• Requires more work to integrate DER into
planning and operation… but it works!
InvestmentInnovationSkills
Hosting Capacity: Passive Interconnection vs Active
Interconnection?And also:
• Any construction requirements for interconnection (NY SIR <20% rated feeder line capacity)
• Voltage fluctuation < ± 3%; less than the limits from Borderline of Visibility curve in IEEE Standard 519; Voltage dip less than limits in IEEE Standard 141-1993
• As passive screens, are we getting the best value from grid reinforcements?
• How should these screens change for Active Interconnection?
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Orkney Smart Grid – Increased DER without Optimization
• Distributed control approach to DER integration: Active Network Management
• Selective monitoring of distribution assets
• 100% increase in renewable generation, <30 MW
• Grid previously considered full, requiring $50m upgrade to connect more renewables
• Automated set-point calculation and control of DER, second by second
• ANM now being rolled out across the UK (250 MW by end of 2015)
Orkney?
• Orkney is an archipelago of islands, interconnected at 33 kV
• Orkney has a ‘mainland’
• Why might you know Orkney?– Skara Brae
– Maeshowe
– Churchill’s Barriers
– Italian Chapel
– The Old Man of Hoy
– Highland Park Whisky
• European Marine Energy Test Centre– Wave and Tidal berths
http://www.visitscotland.com/destinations-maps/orkney/
Skara Brae
• Occupied roughly 3180BC – 2500BC
• Europe’s most complete Neolithic
village – revealed by a storm in 1850
• UNESCO World Heritage Site
• Has been called the “Scottish
Pompeii”!
• Older than Stonehenge and the
Pyramids of Egypt
• In 2009 Skara Brae witnessed the
commissioning of the first smart grid in
the UK!
Orkney Smart Grid
Challenge
SSEPD seeking cost effective alternative to grid upgrades to
provide connections for renewable generators: network already at
‘full capacity’. Technical challenge is multiple thermal overloads
on various overhead and subsea cables.
Solution
Non-firm actively managed grid connections for distributed
generation using ANM 100 with an energy storage control
module.
Delivered Benefits
Operational since November 2009
Connected 24 MW of new renewable generation capacity to
33 kV grid previously considered to be full
103% of electricity demand met by renewables in 2013
Estimated saving of at least £30million
The Orkney Isles are located
off the north cost of Scotland
and interconnected to the
main UK transmission
system.
Orkney Isles Background Information
• 70 islands with 20 inhabited
• ~1000 sq km and 21,000 inhabitants
• Winter peak demand of 31 MW
• Summer peak demand of 6 MW
• Installed background generation of 46 MW
• Annual average temperature 80C
• Industry mainly agricultural, fishing and tourism
Orkney – The Customer Experience
Generator
ID
Size
(MW)
Production Factor
after Curtailment
1 0.9 37.06%
2 2.3 47.70%
4 4.5 45.35%
5 0.9 37.22%
6 0.9 40.08%
7 0.9 40.77%
9 0.9 31.76%
10 0.9 34.03%
Customer website to see live status of ANM system ANM generation export after curtailment
http://anm.ssepd.co.uk/
Orkney – The Operator Experience
Autonomous curtailment event showing Measurement
Point reading and corresponding wind generator output
Multiple new wind turbines
and a 2 MW Battery
New grid monitoring,
including temperature
sensing
System Operation
26
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
14:06 14:07 14:08 14:09 14:10 14:11 14:12 14:13
MP
Cu
rre
nt
(pu
)
NN
FG P
ow
er
Ou
tpu
t (p
u)
Time
NNFG 4 Power Output MP 3 Current MP 3 Trim Threshold MP 3 Reset Threshold
Thermal Power Thresholds
Curtailment Event
How will Distribution Management evolve?• There is a need to balance the system wide “optimal” ahead of time (or
preventive) view with a more real-time distributed and “corrective” view that does not need to consider whole system issues
• This is the key to unlocking DER value and significantly increasing hosting capacity
• We need more monitoring and communications, but we need methods to become mature that can address the observability of the system– Customer and DER data is going to be CRUCIAL for the system operator to be
confident in the view of the system
• The single system approach (i.e. DMS) will gradually be replaced by a hierarchical infrastructure, with a more open and advanced data architecture– Each layer in the hierarchy will require tailored functional and non-functional
elements – who will play the role of System Architect?
What might we see in the short to near-term?
• Targeted investments and RFPs– Con Ed’s Brooklyn Queens Demand Management
– Use of enterprise level, more centralized solutions?
– Community engagement, new DER types
• Enabling investment– Communications and monitoring, including AMI (but AMI is only one
part of the puzzle)
– Investment ahead of need
• Grouping and management of DER (see next slide)
• Targeted advanced grid management solutions to areas where DER is clustered (example coming up…)
Grouping and management of DERSource: EPRIhttp://www.epri.com/abstracts/Pages/ProductAbstract.aspx?ProductId=000000003002001249
REV Demo ProjectSolution:• Application of ANM to two locations in NY
state in 2016• Targeting increased DER connections to the
existing grid• Reduced interconnection costs and faster
grid connections for developers• New service provided by IUSA, with
accompanying innovative business model approach
• Exact locations being determined
Context:• Within the past year alone,
approx. 40% of the proposed large DG projects in Iberdrola’s NY utilities service territories did not move forward.
• Around 20 MW of potential clean energy.
Thank you for listening
• It is a great time to be in the power industry
• Getting a handle on the data and systems aspects is a fundamental requirement– Its not just mathematics!
– The problems aren’t all commercial!
– When will data networks be as important as power networks to the utilities? And involve the same degree of planning and modelling?
• Please follow us, talk to us, work with us (apply for a job?)
@SmrtrGridSols
https://www.linkedin.com/company/smarter-grid-solutions
Source: AT Kearney / 8works
Any questions?Thank you!
Bob Currie & Jeremiah Miller