System for Engine Location of the

WebTrain

Adam Weintrop and Paul WimmerAdvisors

Dr. Irwin and Dr. Schertz

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Engine Location

Where is the train? Local information to control collisions,

decoupling…

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Outline

Summary Schedule Functional Description Block Diagram Goals for end of project

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Project Summary

Had to recreate train command control system

Using current sensing – train location can be determined quickly

Microprocessor can control train functions using location information

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Train Control System

3 Level MenuTrain ChoiceSpeed Choice

Using 10 different speeds to test full range

Direction Choice Forwards / Backwards

Sends command then “long zeroes”

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Outline

Summary Schedule Functional Description Block Diagram Goals for end of project

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Schedule

ID Task Name Start Finish DurationJan 2006 Mar 2006Feb 2006

3/193/5 3/121/29 2/19 2/261/22 2/5 3/262/12

1 1w10/31/200510/25/2005Explore Current Web Train

2 1w11/7/200511/1/2005Take Measurements

3 2w11/21/200511/8/2005Design Hardware

4 1w11/28/200511/22/2005Testing Hardware

5 3w11/25/200511/7/2005Software Research

6 1w12/5/200511/29/2005Microprocessor Decision

7 1w12/12/200512/6/2005Microprocessor Research

8 3w2/13/20061/24/2006Code Software / Interface Hardware

9 3w3/6/20062/14/2006Debug Software

2w3/20/20063/7/2006Testing system

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3w4/10/20063/21/2006Additional Tasks

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ScheduleID Task Name Start Finish Duration

Dec 2005 Jan 2006Nov 2005

12/1812/4 12/1110/30 11/20 11/27 1/111/6 1/812/2511/13

1 1w10/31/200510/25/2005Explore Current Web Train

2 1w11/7/200511/1/2005Take Measurements

3 2w11/21/200511/8/2005Design Hardware

4 1w11/28/200511/22/2005Testing Hardware

5 3w11/25/200511/7/2005Software Research

6 1w12/5/200511/29/2005Microprocessor Decision

7 1w12/12/200512/6/2005Microprocessor Research

8 3w2/13/20061/24/2006Code Software / Interface Hardware

9 3w3/6/20062/14/2006Debug Software

2w3/20/20063/7/2006Testing system

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3w4/10/20063/21/2006Additional Tasks

ID Task Name Start Finish DurationJan 2006 Mar 2006Feb 2006

3/193/5 3/121/29 2/19 2/261/22 2/5 3/262/12

1 1w10/31/200510/25/2005Explore Current Web Train

2 1w11/7/200511/1/2005Take Measurements

3 2w11/21/200511/8/2005Design Hardware

4 1w11/28/200511/22/2005Testing Hardware

5 3w11/25/200511/7/2005Software Research

6 1w12/5/200511/29/2005Microprocessor Decision

7 1w12/12/200512/6/2005Microprocessor Research

8 3w2/13/20061/24/2006Code Software / Interface Hardware

9 3w3/6/20062/14/2006Debug Software

2w3/20/20063/7/2006Testing system

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3w4/10/20063/21/2006Additional Tasks

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Outline

Summary Schedule Functional Description Block Diagram Goals for end of project

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Overall System

Engine Location System

Current Sensors

Engine Location

Average Speed

Display

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The “2-bit” Method

Three train states are significant in this project Software can determine average speed

0 0 - Train is off that section 0 1 - Train is on stopped at the section 1 1 - Train is running on that section

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Outline

Summary Schedule Functional Description Block Diagram Goals for end of project

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Block Diagram

Current Transformers

High Gain Amplifier

Rectifier Filter

Comparator for detection of a moving train

Comparator for Idle detection

Multiplexers Microcontroller

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R1

100kOhm_5%R21.0kOhm_5%

VEE

15V

DCC

DCC

TRAIN

T1

U1

741

3

2

4

7

6

51

VDD

-15V

U2A

LM324AJ

3

2

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4

1

R3

10kOhm_5% R44.7MOhm_5%

C1100nF

U2B

LM324AJ

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6

11

4

7

VCC

5V

R52.2kOhm_5%

R6

18kOhm_5%

R710MOhm_5%

D1

1N4148

VCC

5V

Schematic

~0.5 V

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Outputs of HardwareOFF TRACK

RUNIDLE

High is >4.35VLow is <40 mV

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Multiplexing

3 - 16 to 4 multiplexer With different chip enable pins on each multiplexer Select lines are the same for all chips Can fill a nibble of track location data(2 sections or

individually selected) All outputs are OR’d together to combine to have 4 total

outputs at one time This can free up several I/O lines to the microprocessor

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Software

Using C code on 80535 Want to take information of train status

and location and process Output where train is, status, and

implement warnings of collision First step to more advanced software

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Flow ChartControl the MUX Chip enable and

Select Inputs

Check the MUX outputs

Determine if the location of the train

has changed

Stop and Start a timer to determine how long the train took to cross the

last section

YE

S

Determine the location of the

train(s)

Lookup how far the train traveled and

direction (CW/CCW) based on old and

new positions (sometimes direction)

Compute velocity

Store the old and new locations of

the train

Basic collision avoidance check?

Relay position/collision

information to the PC?

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Outline

Summary Schedule Functional Description Block Diagram Goals for end of project

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Plan for Rest of Semester

LED board to show train location and status

We will have completed the software in 1 week and the rest of the semester will be devoted to testing

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Conclusion

With hardware built and software designed, engine location system is near completion

Questions?

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Questions? – We have answers

A/D method?Need precise A/DAnalog multiplexingBut a train with a heavy load could look like a

faster train

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More Answers

Nonlinear amplifier?More complex than necessaryCan be substituted for high gain amplifier in

current system

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Other Scope Plots

Idle on track after amplifier Idle on track after rectifier / filter ~1 V

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Other Scope Plots

Running after amplifier Running after rectifier / filter

Still variation ,but always above ~7V-does not damage comparator-lower filter cutoff increases response time