synopsis presentation

ASynopsis Presentation

on

Design and Optimization of a Three Way Catalytic Converter using Combination of

Nano-Particles of Non- Noble Metal Catalysts for Automobile Emission Control

Presented byBagwan Nadim A. Javed M.

R.I.T., Sakharale.Under the Guidance ofProf. S. T. Satpute

Contents

IntroductionLiterature SurveyCatalyst, Substrate and Wash coatingEffect of Back Pressure in TWC and Mesh DesignObjectives and MethodologyFeasibility for Project CompletionExpected OutcomesTime and Activity ChartReferences

Introduction

Emissions from VehiclesEffects on human & environment and Need of

controlEmission NormsControl TechnologiesCatalytic Converter (History and Development)Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC)

Literature Survey

Sr. No.

Author Details of the Paper

Remark/ Gap

1. Said et al. [8]

“Nitrogen transfer properties in tantalum nitride based materials”, Elsevier Publication, 2016.

• Tantalum nitride based materials •Nitrogen reactivity dominated by lattice nitrogen stability.•Only a limited improvement of reactivity with enhanced surface area was observed

2. Chetan et al. [10]

“Exhaust Emission Control By Using Copper Plate And Ammonia Solution”, I.J.E.S.R.T., 2016.

• Copper plate and Ammonia solution• CO reduced by 63 % and HC by 50 %• Most important consideration is thermal conductivity of the material

Literature Survey (Contd.)

2. Chetan et al. [10](Contd.)

• Rapid heat dissipation is necessary

3. Angus et al. [13]

“Low Cost LEV-III, Tier-III Emission Solutions with Particulate Control using Advanced Catalysts and Substrates”, SAE, 2016.

• Catalysts and substrates for cost effective emission control • Substrate materials Celcor and Flora having standard and high porosity• Increased conversion efficiency.

4. C. Ayed et al. [01]

“Reduction of Diesel Engine Emissions using Catalytic Converter with Nano-Aluminium Oxide Catalyst”, I.J.R.E.S.T., 2015.

• Aluminium oxide nano particles as catalyst• Conversion efficiencies of Al2O3 were observed to be 99.5%, 92% for CO and HC emissions respectively.


5. Hussanai et al. [9]

“Promoter Effect on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Cobalt Based Catalyst for CO Hydrogenation”, Elsevier , 2015.

• Catalysts prepared by sol-gel method• Ru, Mn and Zr promoters can improve catalytic activity for CO hydrogenation • Mn induces both structural and electronic promotion effects, higher metal dispersions and lower temperature for hydrogenation of CO.

6. Jonathan et al. [12]

“The Effect of Pt:Pd Ratio on Light-Duty Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance: An Experimental and Modelling Study,” SAE, 2015.

• Pt:Pd ratio by mass was varied from 0:1 to 1:0• Increase in Platinum content, HC oxidation was also improved


6. Jonathan et al. [12](Contd.)

• The 100% Pd sample (0:1) is significantly less active for oxidation • NO oxidation activity to increase with Pt content

7. Parmar and Tandel [3]

“Performance Analysis of Limestone Coated Wiremesh Catalytic Converter for Emission Control of C. I. Engine”, I. J. S.R.D., 2014.

• Limestone as a catalyst material (good oxidizing agent)• 50% reduction in CO and 56% reduction in HC emissions • The meshing design i.e. wiremesh reduced the backpressure approximately by 10% at 2.5 kW.• Conversion efficiency depends on the substrate temperature and the composition of the inlet.


8. Makhwana et al. [2]

“ Development and Performance Analysis of Nickel Based Catalytic Converter”, I.J.A.E.T., 2013.

• catalytic converter based on Nickel• HC reduced by 40% and CO reduced by 35% • nickel based catalyst can be effective approach in place of expensive noble metal based TWC.

9. D. Pham et al. [6]

“Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Well Defined Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Alumina”, Oil & Gas Science Technology, 2009.

• Catalyst from nonstructured heterogeneous nano particles of platinum supported on alumina Catalysts containing a large proportionof platinum surface atoms situated on the crystallographicplane were highly selective for the Hydrogenation.

Catalyst, Substrate & Wash coat

Catalyst Material:Properties required-

1. Surface and Morphological Characteristics (Max. open frontal area, surface area and density, crystal structure etc.)3. Thermal Stability4. Oxidation and Reduction characteristics5. Poison Resistance6. Conversion Efficiency


Materials Used:1. Palladium + Rhodium + Paradium2. Ceramics3. Ferrous, Chromium and Aluminium combination4. Vanadium5. Silver + Alumina6. Silicon7. Zeolite8. Ruthenium + Zeolite9. Ruthenium + Nickel + Cobalt + Zeolite10. Non Noble Metals11. Titanium Oxides12. Nano Al Oxides, Pt Oxides13. Non Noble Metals (Titanium, Chromium, Copper, Zirconium,

Tungsten, Iridium, Cobalt, Indium etc.)


Substrate:Design Criteria:

1. Heat Capacity2. Surface area and cell density3. Wall thickness4. Flow Distribution5. Catalyst Strength


Substrate Parameters:◦Structure of substrate◦Material◦Cell Shape and Length◦Wall Thickness◦Cell Density◦Total Substrate Diameter


Wash Coat Function:1. To increase the specific surface area of catalyst.2. To support precious metals.

◦Materials for wash coat:

Base metal oxides such as Al2O3 (aluminum oxide or alumina), SiO2, TiO2, CeO2, ZrO2, V2O5, La2O3 and zeolites.

Catalyst Preparation Methods

Method Equipments1. Ageing and Maturation, Gel Formation

Temperature Regulated Tanks, Autoclaves

2. Drying Belt Conveyor FurnaceSpray and Vacuum Drying

3. Wet Mixing (Kneading) Z- MixerDouble Screw Mixer

4. Dry Mixing Nauta MixerDouble Cone mixerRibbon Mixer

5. Forming Extrusion, Corrugation6. Calcination Belt Conveyor Furnace, Rotary

Kiln, Tunnel Furnace7. Impregnation Immersion, Chemisorption, Pore

Filling

Objectives

To carry out detailed study and review of a Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWC).

To select appropriate materials for catalyst, substrate and wash coating for a TWC.

To design substrate and optimize mesh design for reducing back pressure phenomena in order to reduce power loss in engine.

To manufacture a Three Way Catalytic Converter. To test the developed TWC model for its emission

performance.

Methodology

Following Methodology will be followed for completion of Dissertation Work:T

esting and Evaluation

Prototype Mfg.

Theoretical and Analytical

Stydy

Literature Survey

Feasibility

Sr. No.

Requirement Availability

1. Materials Marvelous Metals, Kolhapur. NiComet Industries Ltd., Mumbai. Sandvik Asia Pvt. Ltd., Pune.

2. Material Characterization and procurement

National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Bhabha Rd, Pune.

3. Mesh Design and Flow Analysis

CFD Ansys

4. Manufacturing of TWC Techinstro Pvt. Ltd., Nagpur.5. Emission Testing At Automobile Dept., RIT, Sakhrale.

6. Reaction Modelling ChemKin 17.0ChemKin ProAnsys Fluent (ChemKin included)

7. Pressure Drop At Automobile Dept., RIT, Sakhrale.

Expected Outcomes

Following will be the expected outcomes of the proposed work:

To achieve the HC, CO and NOx emission levels lesser than that in the existing catalytic converters (5% to 10%).

To reduce the back pressure phenomena in TWC to reduce engine power loss due to pressure drop.

To have increased oxidation capacity to avoid the failure of the TWC by poisoning.

To have increased conversion efficiency for all HC, CO and NOx emissions.

Time & Activity Chart

References

[1] C. Syed Aalam, Dr. C. G. Saravanan and C. Mohamed Samath, “ Reduction of Diesel Engine Emissions using Catalutic Converter with Nano Aluminium Oxide Catalyst”, International Journal for Research in Emerging Science and Technology, Volume 02, issue 07, July-2015.

[2] Narendrasinh R. Makwana, Prof. Chirag M. Amin and Prof. Shyam K. Dabhi, “ Development and Performance Analysis of Nickel Based Catalytic Converter”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology, Volume IV, Issue II, pp. 17-22, April-2013.

[3] Jay M. Parmar and Prof. Keyur D. Tandel, “Performance Analysis of Limestone Coated Wiremesh Catalytic Converter for Emission Control of C. I. Engine”, International Journal for Scientific Research and Development, Volume 01, Issue 11, pp. 10-13, 2014.

[4] Chirag Amin and Pravin P. Rathod, “Catalytic Converters Based on Non-Noble Material”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Volume I, Issue II, pp. 2377-2380, January 2012.

[5] Rajesh B. Biniwale, Moqtik A. Bawase, M. M. Deshmukh, N. K. Labhsetwar, R. Kumar and M. Z. Hasan, “Production of Automotive Catalytic Converter Based on Non-Noble Metal Catalyst Technology: A Feasible Option”, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, Volume 60, pp. 728-734, September 2001.

References (Contd.)

[6] D. Pham Minh, Y. Oudart, B. Baubet, C. Verdon and C. Thomazeau, “Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Well Defined Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Alumina”, Oil & Gas Science Technology,Volume 64, pp. 697-706, 2009.

[7] Deshai Botheju, Peter Glarborg and Lars-Andre Tokheim, “The Use of Amine Reclaimer Wastes as a NOx Reduction Agent”, Elsevier Publication, Volume 37, pp. 691-700, 2013.

[8] Said Laassiri, Constantinos D. Zeinalipour-Yazdi, C. Richard A. Catlow and Justin S.J. Hargreaves, “Nitrogen transfer properties in tantalum nitride based materials”, Elsevier Publication, 2016.

[9] Hussanai Sukkathanyawat, Sabaithip Tungkamani , Monrudee Phongaksorn, Tanakorn Rattana, Phavanee Narataruks and Boonyawan Yoosuk, “Promoter Effect on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Cobalt Based Catalyst for CO Hydrogenation”, Elsevier Publication, Volume 79, pp.372-377, 2015.

[10] Mr. Chetan Chaudhari, Mr. Vaibhav Jogdand and Mr. Kartik Chikhaikar, “Exhaust Emission Control By Using Coppler Plate And Ammonia Solution”, International Journal Of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, Voume 05, Issue 03, pp.752-762, 2016.

References (Contd.)

[11] Qiang Dong, Shu Yin, Chongshen Guo and Tsugio Sato, “Aluminum-Doped Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions with Enhanced Thermal Stability and High Oxygen Storage Capacity”, Springer Publications, 2012.

[12] Jonathan E. Etheridge and Timothy C. Watling, “The Effect of Pt:Pd Ratio on Light-Duty Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance: An Experimental and Modelling Study,” SAE International Journals, Volume 08, Issue 03, pp. 1283-1299, 2015.

[13] Angus Craig, Jason Warkins, Krishna Aravelli, David Moser, Lucy Yang, Douglas Ball, Tinghong Tao and Deven Ross, “Low Cost LEV-III, Tier-III Emission Solutions with Particulate Control using Advanced Catalysts and Substrates”, SAE International Journals, Volume 09, Issue 02, pp. 1276-1288, June 2016.

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You…..!!!!!

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