synopsis industrial pollution at sia atd

PROPOSAL FOR THE FINAL DISSERTATION

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT DUE TO INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

AMONG THE DEWELLERS OF SMALL INDUSTRIAL ESTAT, ABBOTTABAD,

PAKISTAN.

Submitted to:

Supervisor:

DR. EJAZ AHMED KHAN

Submitter by:

DR. HAMMAD HABIB

Roll no. 07

MSPH – 2009

Health Services Academy

Islamabad

SYNOPSIS FOR RESEARCH RESEARCH PROCESS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION:..............................................................................................................3

LITERATURE REVIEW:................................................................................................3

RATIONALE:....................................................................................................................5

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:..............................................................................................6

MATERIAL AND METHODS:.......................................................................................6

DATA COLLECTION:.....................................................................................................7

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS;....................................................................................9

REFERENCES:...............................................................................................................10

INFORMED CONSENT FORM....................................................................................11

QUESTIONNAIRE.........................................................................................................12

WORK PLAN:.................................................................................................................13

BUDGET:..........................................................................................................................14

DR HAMMAD HABIB ROLL. NO. 07 2


INTRODUCTION:

Industrial waste is waste generated by factories and industrial plants. Industrial wastes

can be hazardous or radioactive wastes and they can cause water and noise pollution.

Heat is also an industrial waste discharged into water altering the ecology of a stream or

water.1 Mostly hazardous waste is inadequately disposed of. Infiltration permits its

transport into ground water supplies. Most of it is generated and disposed in areas where

people rely on aquifers for drinking water. Much industrial waste is neither hazardous nor

toxic, such as waste fiber produced by agriculture and logging.1

Toxic waste and chemical waste are two designations of industrial waste. It is common to

find vacant open plots with pile and pile of garbage dumped on it. Children play in it and

breathe in its toxics on a daily basis. It is the poorer sections of society that are most

vulnerable to such forms of pollution.2

There is no single means of managing industrial wastes because the nature of the wastes

varies widely from one industry to another. Various methods of solid waste management

include sanitary landfill, recycling, composting, waste to energy method, incinerators,

etc. The most common disposal methods, particularly in the UK, are landfill. Incineration

is the second largest waste disposal method in most countries. A less common but more

sustainable method of waste disposal is anaerobic digestion.3,4

Geographic information systems (GIS) is a computer-aided database management and

mapping technology that organizes and stores large amounts of multi-purpose

information. GIS can be used for mapping population at risk and planning and targeting

of the interventions accordingly.5

LITERATURE REVIEW:

A major challenge for environmental epidemiology lies in correctly identifying

populations at risk from exposure to some environmental contaminant. Environmental

monitoring may be used to identify exposed populations using sampling of air, soil,

water, or vegetation, with or without the addition of contour plotting derived from the

concentrations of contaminants at spot sites.6



Situation in Pakistan:

Pakistan, like other developing countries, is facing similar threats of depletion of ozone

layer, global warming, natural resource degradation and environmental pollution.

Resources were augmented to develop numerous industrial estates in all corners of the

country and today the number of industrial estates has increased to 72. The industrial

estates are distributed in all provinces. Sindh contains the largest number of industrial

estates (24), Punjab has established 20 industrial estates followed by 15 in NWFP, 10 in

Baluchistan and 3 in Federal Capital Area, Islamabad.1

Total number of registered industries in Pakistan is estimated to be 6634 out of which

1278 are considered highly toxic. Major industries of Pakistan include textile,

pharmaceutical, chemicals (organic and inorganic), sugar & food industries, ceramics,

steel, paper & pulp, oil mills and leather tanning which spread all over four provinces. In

the race towards industrialization, a number of industrial estates were established at

Faisalabad, Gadoon Amazai, Nooriabad, Sheikhupura, G.T. Road, etc. in Pakistan.

However, little attention has been given to proper disposal of industrial waste.7

A big portion of the registered industries in Pakistan are considered to be highly

polluting. In Pakistan, only 3 percent of the total industrial units treat their wastes while

the rest discharges untreated effluent into rivers, lakes and sea.7

Dumping of untreated industrial wastes have caused contamination of surface and ground

water resources and threatened the aquatic life to the endangered level.8

Small Industrial Estate Abbottabad is located in the Abbottabad city. It is on the left of

main Qarakuram highway to Mansehra city. Major industries here include the marble,

sugar and food, ceramics, shoes and chapel making, vegetable oil and ghee etc. It is

adjacent to Ayub medical complex hospital and in surroundings there are many schools

as well.



RATIONALE:

Literature supports the health risk to the community associated with hazardous /

industrial wastes. No study has so far been conduced on the industrial waste management

at small industrial estate Abbottabad. This study will help in the exploring of the

“iceberg” involved with the industrial pollution.

DR HAMMAD HABIB ROLL. NO. 07

Industrial Wastes

Risk characterization

Risk management

Hazard Assessment & Identification

Community exposure assessment

GIS Maping

Engage stakeholders, Risk communication& community consultation

5

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

Aim of the study:

Overall improvement in the industrial waste management in different industries of

Pakistan

Objective:

To determine risk posed to the community due to management of industrial waste at

small industrial estate Abbottabad.

To describe the environmental risk through GIS at small industrial estate Abbottabad.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Study design:

It will be a cross sectional descriptive study.

Duration of the study:

The study will be completed in a period of three (03) months from 1 st April 2010

to 30th June 2010.

Study population:

Industries at small industrial estate Abbottabad and the people within the

surroundings of the industrial estate.

Sampling method

Non-probability type of sampling will be done for selection of all of the

industries. Systematic random sampling will be done to select community

members. Water samples will be taken by simple random sampling.

Sample size

All the industries in the area will be included in the study around 24 in

number. Also the people living in an area of 1 km near to the industrial estate will

be included in the study.

Since prevalence of the issue is not known, the sample size is calculated by taking

prevalence to be 50% and by applying formula p(1-p)/e2, it turns out to be 100.

Thus 110 people will be included in the study.



Significance:

Significance of the study is taken to be α level of 0.05 at 95% CI. Power of the

study will be taken to be not less than 80%.

Sample recruitment: (Inclusion & exclusion criteria)

All the industries within the specified area and who agree for participation in the study

will be included in the study. Also the people living in an area of 1 km near to the

industrial estate will be interviewed using the questionnaire. Those refusing to participate

will be excluded from the study.

DATA COLLECTION:

Variables:

Outcome variable:

Polluted water

Explainatory variable:

Type of waste produces

Quantity of waste produces

Disposal site of the waste

Type of waste pathway

Distance of the factory from community

Source of drinking water

Depth of drinking water source etc.

Socio – demographic variables:

Age, sex, address, education etc.

Instruments

- Health impact assessment tool will be used which is pre-tested.

- GIS / Health mapper will be used for mapping the area.

- GPS device etc.

- A semi – structured questionnaire.

- Laboratory tests for quality of water



Data analysis plan

Data will be analyzed using the health mapper for GIS mapping. SPSS version 17 will be

used for identifying the significance levels wherever applicable. Mean and standard

deviations will be calculated where necessary and applicable. Figures, tables and graphs

will be used to elaborate the results.

Dummy tables:

Table 1: Waste production by type of factory

Type of industry

Waste Produced

Hazardous Non - hazardous Others

Marble factory

Garments

Shoe factory

Ceramics

Oil & ghee

Paper factory

Table 2: Type of drainage pathway of different industries:

Type of waste

drainage

Marble

Factory

Oil & ghee Ceramics Paper factory

Open

Close

Table 3: Distance of industry from the community:

Type of industry

Distance from the nearest house

< 100 meters >100 meters

Marble factory

Garments

Shoe factory

Ceramics



ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS;

Study approval will be taken from Institutional Review board Health Services Academy.

This study mainly involves the collection of data from the industrial estate therefore prior

to conducting the study, approval will be taken from public health officer, DCO and other

concerned authorities. Rights of the respondents will be considered and an informed

consent will be taken prior to the interview. Respondents will be informed about the

benefits of this study. They will also be told that if they do not want to participate in it,

their own will and the information collected will be kept confidential as well as their

identity and names.



REFERENCES:

1. Industrial Pollution. [Online]. 2006 [cited 2009 Dec 10 on 15:20].Available

from:URL:http://www.apotokyo.org/gp/e_publi/penang_symp/Penang_Symp

_P159-166.pdf.

2. Ali, K., Javid, M.A., Javid, M., 1996. Pollution and Industrial Waste. 6th

National Congress Soil Sci., Lahore, p.122-131.

3. Solid waste and pollution – Silent killers by. Sohail Raza Dodhy, Copyright

2007 Ptj.com.pk

4. Mufti, S.A., Woods, C.A., Hasan, S.A. Biodiversity of Pakistan. Pakistan

Museum Natural History, Islamabad. 1997.

5. WHO. GIS Maping. [Online]. 2009 [cited 2009 Dec 11 on 10:40].Available

from:URL:http://www.who.int/health_mapping/about/en/

6. F L R Williams, S A Ogston. Identifying populations at risk from

environmental contamination from point sources. Occup Environ Med

2002;59:2–8

7. Mufti, S.A., Woods, C.A., Hasan, S.A., 1997. Biodiversity of Pakistan.

Pakistan Museum Natural History, Islamabad

8. J Zhejiang Univ SCIENCE B. Industries and environment. 2006 7(12):974-

980



Annexure 1:

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Industrial Waste Management at Small Industrial estat Abbottabad

Conducted by: Dr. Hammad Habib

Student MSPH 2009-10

Health Services Academy Islamabad

Name of Participant: ______________________

Age: _____________ Sex: ________________

Contact Information: ______________________________________________________

We are conducting a study on industrial waste management at small industrial estate

Abbottabad. Regarding this study, I will ask you a few questions. This will take about

ten minutes. I want you to answer these questions to the best of your knowledge. If you

have any queries about these questions you can ask for me to elaborate.

There is no risk involved in this study except your valuable time. There is no direct

benefit to you also. You are free to choose to participate in the survey. You may refuse to

participate as well. The information provided by you will remain confidential. Nobody

except principal investigator will have an access to it. Your name and identity will also

not be disclosed at any time. However the data may be seen by Ethical review committee

and may be published in journal and elsewhere without giving your name or disclosing

your identity.

If you have understood the purpose, risks and benefits of the study, please sign below to

confirm that you are willing to participate in survey.

Participant Signature or thumb impression: Date:

Interviewer Signature: Date:



Annexure 2:

QUESTIONNAIRE

ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY RISK DUE TO WASTE MANAGEMENT AT SMALL INDUSTRIAL ESTAT ABBAOTTABAD

Name of factory: _____________________ ID No. ______________________

Name of owner: ______________________ Location: ____________________

Area of the factory: ___________________

Duration of the factory in the area: __________________________________________

Distance of the factory from the community: _____________________________ (m)

Population type: ______________________ (rural / urban)

Type of the waste material produced: _________________________________________

Type of waste drainage pathway: __________________________ (open / close / other)

Length of waste drainage pathway: _________________________ (m)

Drainage of the waste pathway: _____________________________

Disposal site: ___________________________________________ (open / close / other)

Distance of the disposal site from the community: ______________ (m)

Source of drinking water: __________________________ (well / bore / municipal / etc)

Depth of the source of water: _________________________________________ (m)

Any other comments: ______________________________________________________



Annexure 3:

WORK PLAN:

Tasks to be

performed

Person

Responsible

WEEKS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Proposal

writing

Principal

researcher

Questionnaire

development

Principal

researcher

Field testing Principal

researcher

Data collection Data collection

team

Data entry Principal

researcher

Data analysis Principal

researcher

Report writing Principal

researcher

Submission of

dissertation

Principal

researcher



Annexure 4:

BUDGET:

RESEARCH PROPOSAL BUDGET

S.

No.

Specification / Category Expense

(Rs.)

Balance

(Rs.)

% of total

1 Questionnaire development 1000 1000

2 Consumable items 3000 4000

3 Stationary 3000 7000

4 Traveling 10000 17000

5 Printing etc 5000 22000

6 Data Collection 15000 37000

7 GPS device 5000 42000

8 Laboratory tests 10000 52000

9 Miscellaneous 5000 57000

10 Total 57000 57000


synopsis industrial pollution at sia atd

Documents