synchrophasors for situational awareness · 2015-10-22 · •from a fundamental standpoint, why do...

Synchrophasors for Situational AwarenessNERC Monitoring & Situational Awareness Conference

Ryan D. Quint, NERCSeptember 29, 2015

NERC Synchronized Measurement Subcommittee (SMS)North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI)

RELIABILITY | ACCOUNTABILITY2

• Technology Maturity: Rapid growth in synchrophasor infrastructure – core business practice for many

• Data Quality Focus: Understand need to ensure highest degree of data integrity – latency, accuracy, availability

• Application Development: Advancements in tools (commercial, in-house, open source) for extracting value from PMU data

• Data to Information: Huge volumes of data – responsibility of both the users and/or the applications to manage the data

• Information to Decisions: Once extracted, data needs to be focused to decision making

Highlights


Visibility of Operating Conditions

• From a fundamental standpoint, why do we do this?• We have the technology available to measure system state,

visualize the state, react to the state, predict the state.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160530

535

540

545

550

555

560

Time (sec)

Volta

ge (k

V)

Bus Voltage

PMUSCADA

BPA, “Synchrophasor Installations and Applications at BPA,” NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.

Voltage oscillation at OG&E

3-Phase Fault Near Generator at DVP

Consecutive Faults at BPA

A. Silverstein, “Synchrophasor Technology and ERCOT,” TRE Board Meeting, August 2015.


Measure

Data

InformationDecision

Action

Operations Data Cycle for PMUs

• Phasor Data• Digital Statuses• Analog Quantities

• Data Historian• EMS• Applications

• Operating Procedures• Operating Limits• Remedial Actions

• Post-Contingency State• Stability Monitoring

System Operator


Growth in Technology

March 2009 March 2015

https://www.naspi.org/


Data Quality is Improving

2012 2015

PJM, “Phasor Data Accuracy Validation,” NASPI State Estimation Workshop, March 2015


Wide-Area Situational Awareness

Peak RC, Situational Awareness Display, Under Development & Test, September 2015.

• Many different tools available and customizable

• Based on system characteristics and operator/ engineer needs

• Application Development– Integrated tools– Intelligent alarming– Integration with core business

processes

• Utility Focus– Benchmarking tools with other

applications (SCADA, RTCA, other entities, etc.)

– Baselining results (e.g. angles)


• Recommendation #27 from 2011 Pacific Southwest Outage Report

• Pre-contingency angle monitoring using PMU data

• Post-contingency angle monitoring using EMS

• Real-time awareness of line and wide-area angle differences

Angle Monitoring & Alarming

CAISO, “PMU Utilization at CAISO,” NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.Alstom Grid, “Recent Advances in Operationalizing WAMS,” NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.


Oscillation Detection Application



Oscillation Detection Application

• Drill-down tools for engineering staff

• Detection of oscillation frequency

• Pinpointing source of oscillations

• Monitoring signals of high energy

• Improving visibility of grid dynamics



Inter-Area Oscillation Damping Monitoring

Marginal Unstable

Low0 5 10 15 20 25 30

535

540

545

550

555

Time (sec)

Volta

ge (k

V)

Malin 500-kV Bus Voltage, Chief Joseph Brake test on July 21, 2011

Normal

Dan Trudnowski, “Western Interconnection Inter-Area Modes,” BPA Oscillation Analysis Meeting, August 2015.


• Security boundary calculations• LSE-based or conventional contingency analysis• Immediate visualization post-contingency• Limit calculations – voltage, stability, angle• Remedial action determination

Voltage Stability Assessment

PowerTech Labs, “Online Situational Awareness Model Validation and Real-Tim Operation Training,” NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.V&R Energy, “Linear Sate Estimation and Measurement-Based Model for Advanced Applications,” NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.


• State estimation (SE) – estimate of system state (Vmag, Vang)

• Conventional state estimation based on minimizing sum of squares of differences – in use since early 19th century Used as common platform for most/all power system operations

• Hybrid SE integrates PMU data into conventional SE Bridge strategy, integrates with current business practices

• Linear state estimation (LSE) based on PMU data only –“relatively new” but developed in the ‘70s Direct non-iterative solution – fast, no convergence issues Bad PMU data detection & conditioning Backup state estimator/EMS model Model created using LSE can serve as foundation for advanced applications

Transition in State Estimation Techniques


• Hybrid – incorporating PMU data into conventional SE PMU measurements mapping to

conventional SE – adapters Common practice to use down-

sampled PMU data in SE solution Monitoring PMU angle difference

measurement and SE angle solution as part of SE performance tools

Benchmarking PMUs vs. SE solution

Hybrid State Estimation

B. Blevins, “ERCOT Synchrophasor Data Baselining Study,” NASPI State Estimation Workshop, March 2015.J. Baranowski, “Hybrid State Estimation at PJM,” NASPI State Estimation Workshop, March 2015.


• Many utilities developing training materials around understanding and utilizing PMU data more effectively

• Play-back videos of events – oscillations, angle differences, faults, frequency excursions

• Questions around “what to do if…”

Operator Training

ERCOT, “Synchrophasors: Advanced Network Applications Training,” ERCOT Operations Training Seminar, 2015.


Linking Operations & Offline Analysis

• Efficient visualization and drill-down for event recreation & analysis

• Real-time data linked to field event records Microprocessor relays Digital fault recorders Etc.

SEL, “SynchroWAVe Central: Synchrophasor Data Visualization and Analysis,” NERC SMS Meeting, September 2015.


Validating Conventional Tools

Peak RC, “System Model Validation using WSM State Estimator Cases in GE PSLF 19,” WEC M&VWG Webinar, June 2015.

• Validating real-time tools such as online transient stability assessment (TSA)

• Reliability – more accurate operating limits• Efficiency – potential for increased capacity


Model Validation to Plant Monitoring

BPA, “Power Plant Monitoring using Dynamic Data Recorders,” August 2015.


• PMU data: Is becoming another robust measurement form Enables advanced applications not available using conventional SCADA data Provides increased visibility into current operating conditions Is becoming part of utility core business practice - standardized

• Our focus: Measurement Data Actionable Information Decisions Bringing high-value, simple applications to operators Utilizing the technology to its fullest potential while ensuring grid reliability Training operators to understand increased levels visibility Transitioning to use of PMUs in core business processes

Closing Remarks

synchrophasors for situational awareness · 2015-10-22 · •from a fundamental standpoint, why do...

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