ieee pes boston synchrophasors
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Synchrophasors and the Smarter GridSynchrophasors and the Smarter Grid
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A synchrophasor is a phasor measurement withrespect to an absolute time reference. With this
measurement we can determine the absolute phaserelationship between phase quantities at different
locations on the power system.
SynchrophasorSynchrophasor
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Absolute Time Synchronization HasAbsolute Time Synchronization Has
Fundamentally Changed the WorldFundamentally Changed the World
GPS RCVR
PMU 1
A B
Satellite
GPS RCVR
PMU 2
IRIG-B IRIG-B
Mag/Ang Mag/Ang
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t
Time WaveformTime Waveform
and Phasor Representationand Phasor Representation
Reference
A
2
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A Timing Mark on a Generator ShaftA Timing Mark on a Generator Shaft
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Synchrophasors Provide aSynchrophasors Provide a SnapshotSnapshot
of the Power Systemof the Power System
P= |V1| |V2|sin/ X = sin-1(PX / |V1| |V2|)
V10 V2 P
Increase StablePower Transfer
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Synchrophasor System ComponentsSynchrophasor System Components
System Components
Clocks
PMUs
PDCs
Visualization
Secure communications
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ISO
Neighbor Utility Control Center
Visualization SELVisualization SEL--50785078
Utility Control Center
GPS ClockGPS Clock
Security GatewaySecurity Gateway
Station PDCStation PDC
System PDCSystem PDC
PDCPDC
Super PDCSuper PDC
PMUPMUPMUPMU
Other Substations
SystemSystem
ArchitectureArchitecture
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Timing Accuracy RequirementsTiming Accuracy Requirements
Synchrophasors require 500 ns
Modern Clocks provides 100 ns
GPS synchronized clocks typically used
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Synchrophasor System ComponentsSynchrophasor System Components
System Components
Clocks
PMUs
PDCs
Visualization
Secure communications
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Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)
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Synchronized Phasor MeasurementSynchronized Phasor Measurement
and Distance Protectionand Distance Protection
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Enabling PMU Capability in the RelayEnabling PMU Capability in the Relay
SCADA
Disturbance RecordHigh-Speed Control
Just Say Yes!
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C37.118 Signal Processing FilterC37.118 Signal Processing Filter
Selecting the Frequency ResponseSelecting the Frequency Response
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Synchrophasor System ComponentsSynchrophasor System Components
System Components
Clocks
PMUs
PDCs
Visualization
Secure communications
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Data Concentration & ArchivingData Concentration & Archiving
Time Alignment and Superpacket Creation
Protocol Conversion
Data Parsing
Data Rate Change
Archive Maximum Data Locally
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PDC ArchitecturePDC Architecture
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Synchrophasor System ComponentsSynchrophasor System Components
System Components
Clocks
PMUs
PDCs
Visualization
Secure communications
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Bus Voltage
Line MVA
Frequency
Instantaneous
Phase Angles
Trended Phase Angles
PMU ID
Visualizing SynchrophasorsVisualizing Synchrophasors
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Synchrophasor System ComponentsSynchrophasor System Components
System Components
Clocks
PMUs
PDCs
Visualization
Secure communications
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ISO
Neighbor Utility Control Center
Visualization SELVisualization SEL--50785078
Utility Control Center
GPS ClockGPS Clock
Security GatewaySecurity Gateway
Station PDCStation PDC
System PDCSystem PDC
PDCPDC
Super PDCSuper PDC
PMUPMUPMUPMU
Other Substations
SystemSystem
ArchitectureArchitecture
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Substation Security
Information SecurityInformation Security
EndEnd--toto--End SecurityEnd Security
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Securing the InformationSecuring the Information
Establish an electronic security perimeter Use multilayered system architecture that
includes a firewall Encrypt communications in/out of
substation Disable unused ports on all devices Send C37.118 data using UDP Secure
(UDP_S)
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Multi-layered Secure Architecture
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SCADA Speed Sufficient for ManySCADA Speed Sufficient for Many
Special Protection SchemesSpecial Protection Schemes
Systemoperators
need databeforethings start
to happen
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Sometimes the Need for Speed Is Not ObviousSometimes the Need for Speed Is Not Obvious
64 Minutes
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It Can Fall Apart in Three MinutesIt Can Fall Apart in Three Minutes
64 Minutes
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Synchrophasors Are a Flexible ToolSynchrophasors Are a Flexible Tool
State measurement
Disturbance recording Modal analysis Dynamic response
measurementand
High-Speed Protection
and Control
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Synchrophasor ApplicationsSynchrophasor Applications
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Synchrophasors Provide aSynchrophasors Provide a SnapshotSnapshot
of the Power Systemof the Power System
P= |V1| |V2|sin/ X = sin-1(PX / |V1| |V2|)
V10 V2 P
Increase StablePower Transfer
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Streaming Data Better than SCADAStreaming Data Better than SCADA
--Imagine Driving in 5 Second BlinksImagine Driving in 5 Second Blinks
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Synchrophas
or Data is
Critical
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Copyright SEL 2011Courtesy of Entergy Corp.Courtesy of Entergy Corp.
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Copyright SEL 2011Courtesy of Entergy Corp.Courtesy of Entergy Corp.
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Synchrophasors Detect IslandSynchrophasors Detect Island
Courtesy of Entergy Corp.Courtesy of Entergy Corp.
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Florida Power & Light: DistributedFlorida Power & Light: Distributed
Generation AntiGeneration Anti--IslandingIslanding
Angle
Freq
df/dtVoltage
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SEGIS AntiSEGIS Anti--Islanding DemoIslanding Demo
Advanced Energy led ODOT solar project: 100 kW installation
Stage 3 demo planned for August 11
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SEGIS Field Testing ResultsSEGIS Field Testing Results
Island event Longest trip 1.1 seconds
Utility functions Curtailment Ramp rate
Power factor
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Archiving SystemArchiving System
SEL-3306
Disturbance RecordingDisturbance Recording
Event Capture andEvent Capture andAnalysisAnalysis
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Utilities Are Operating Closer to the EdgeUtilities Are Operating Closer to the Edge
MarginMargin
1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7PU Nominal Load
1.0
0.5
0.0
Operating
Point
Bifurcation
Point
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EskomEskoms Voltage Stability Assessments Voltage Stability Assessment
SystemSystem
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UT Pan Am
Austin
McDonald
Observatory
Austin 120V and
Harris 69kV
Waco
Houston(SEL)
Boerne(SEL)
Brazos Electric
PMU
Austin Energy
PMU
Fundingprovided by
EPRI
Wind
country
Concentrated distant load
Blue outlines:Central ERCOT
2
The Texas Synchrophasor Network
E i Th i E i l I d A
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Bus 7
WIND
Bus 7
WIND500 km
Local conventional
Pload,conv Pgen,conv
Pexport
Thevenin ImpedancejXTH
CentralERCOT
Vangle = 0
Vangle =
Use the Excel Solver with angle measurements to minimize least-squared error
and obtain Xth
Estimate Thevenin Equivalent Impedances Across
the Grid with Synchrophasors
8
)sin(21 TH
X
VVP
A 2 Hz Mode in Ambient Oscillation Forms with
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2 Hz
Cluster
March 18, 02:00 03:00
Wind Generation > 20%
March 12, 02:00 03:00
Wind Generation 2%
Big Wind (20%) with 2 Hz ClusterSmall Wind (2%) without 2 Hz Cluster
A 2 Hz Mode in Ambient Oscillation Forms with
High Wind Generation
9
1 hour
O S
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Only SynchrophasorsOnly Synchrophasors
Provide AngleProvide AngleDifferenceDifference
FrequencyFrequency
AngleAngleDifferenceDifference
Charts provided by University of Texas
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Integration of Renewable EnergyIntegration of Renewable Energy
With over 28GW of wind
power in the SPPinterconnection queue, thisis a big deal!
OG&E requiring a PMU atthe point of interconnectionfor every wind farm
Important to monitor powerquality and dynamicresponse
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Oscillations Due to Wind FarmOscillations Due to Wind Farm
Wind farm PMU shows
many undesirablecomponents, the worstat 14Hz
Big Creek Controls RectorBig Creek Controls Rector
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Big Creek Controls RectorBig Creek Controls Rector
Static VAR CompensatorStatic VAR Compensator
C37.118 to SCADA based FACTS ControlC37.118 to SCADA based FACTS Control
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C37.118 to SCADA based FACTS ControlC37.118 to SCADA based FACTS Control
SCADAMaster
DNP3
IEEE C37.118
Information
Processor
SRPSRP S h WAV S hS h WAV S h
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SRPSRP SynchroWAVe SynchroscopeSynchroWAVe Synchroscope
115 kV
Bus
230 kV
Bus
13.8 kV
Bus
SEL-421
SEL-421
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SRP Operator Closes Tie Based
on Synchrophasors, 2004
RelayRelay--toto--RelayRelay
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yy yy
Synchrophasors forSynchrophasors forGenerator SheddingGenerator Shedding
Generator Shedding Based on AngleGenerator Shedding Based on Angle
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g gg gChicoasenChicoasen AngosturaAngostura
WideWide Area Protection at Relay SpeedsArea Protection at Relay Speeds
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WideWide--Area Protection at Relay SpeedsArea Protection at Relay Speeds
Modal AnalysisModal Analysis
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Modal AnalysisModal Analysis
Shows System ResponseShows System Response
1996 Event
Slow Oscillations Facilitate ControlSlow Oscillations Facilitate Control
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Slow Oscillations Facilitate ControlSlow Oscillations Facilitate Control
P= |V1| |V2|sin/ X
Raise
Voltage ReduceVoltage
0.4 Hz 2.5 sec.
A New Tool for Old ProblemsA New Tool for Old Problems
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SynchrophasorsSynchrophasors
Are cost effective
Provide accurate time-synchronizedevent information
Can be used to meet NERC PRC-002-2
requirements Are being used for new approaches in
protection and control
Apply Synchrophasors NowApply Synchrophasors Now
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Apply Synchrophasors NowApply Synchrophasors Now
Disturbancerecording
Relay-to-relaycontrol
Modal analysis
Special protection
schemes System control
DonDont Imagine Itt Imagine It Engineer ItEngineer It
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DonDon t Imagine Itt Imagine It Engineer ItEngineer It
What Can You Do WithWhat Can You Do With
Synchrophasors?Synchrophasors?
URLs for More Application InformationURLs for More Application Information
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ppppSEL website:
Eskom Voltage Stabilty
https://www.selinc.com/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=6378
Solar Generator Control PV Poweredhttps://www.selinc.com/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=8494
Generator Black-startSRP
https://www.selinc.com/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3194
Anti-islanding at FPLhttps://www.selinc.com/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=6375
UT Texas with Dr. Mack Gradyhttps://www.selinc.com/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=7264
SCE Static VAR Controlhttps://www.selinc.com/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3487
Using Modal Analysis to Mitigate Power System Oscillationshttps://www.selinc.com/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=5322
Another useful website - North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) website:http://www.naspi.org/
OGE presentation , Entergy presentation and many others