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CWSSP ME STERN REGION Annual Report. 19R9/9O

TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE

1. INTRODUCTION 11.1 Background 11.2 National Policy and Programme : 2

2. AGREEMENT 22.1 fourth Funding Peiiod 22.2 Extension of the Fourth Funding Period 3

3. PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS 43.1 We*tar Supply Sector' 4

3.1.1 Carry Over Projects 43.1.2 .This Financial Year Taken Up Projects 43.1.3 Dp tail Design 53.1.4 Feasibility Studies 5j.l.b Proposed largely and Actual Achievements t>3.1.6 Schemes Completed During the Reporting Period. 73.1.7 Number of CWSS Projects Completed 73.1.8 Water Supply Coverage by CWSS Schemes b3.1.9 Legal Status of the Area Specific Projects 8

3.2 Operation and Maintenance 93.2.1 Maintenance Policy 93.2.2 0 & M Promotional Campaigns 93.2.3 Minor Repair Requests 10

3.3 Sanitation 113.3.1 Household.Latrines 113.3.2 School Latrines . .12

3.4 • T raining 133.5 Women Involvement . 143.6 Communication Unit 143.7 Chulo Programme 163.8 Water Quality Assessment 173.9 Manpower 18

3.9.1 HMG Staff 183.9.2 HELVETAS Staff 19

4. CWSSP ANNUAL BUDGET '205. LOGISTICS 20

5.1 Material Procurement 205.2 Statement of Account 215.3 Transportation 225.4 Stores . . : . 22

6. ' VARIOUS " 226.1 FINNIDA Project • 226.2 Visitors 23

7 PROPOSED ACTIVITIES FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 1990/91 247.01 Introduction 247.02 Institutional Arrangements • ' 247.03 Construction Programme 247.04 Feasibility Studies and Detail Designs 24

7.04.1 Feasibility Studies 247.04.2 Detail Design ; 24

7.05 Operation and Maintenance 257.05.1 O&M Promotional Campaigns 257.05.2 Repair Requests . 25

7.06 Health Education and Sanitation 25

CWSSP WF

7.077.087.097. 107.117. 127.13

STERN REGION Annual Reoort 1989/90

7.06.1 Household Latrines7.06.2 School Latrines

Training ProgrammeWomen Involvement ProgrammeManpowerSupplies and StoresTransportBudgetNew Activities

252525

• 2 6

2t>27272727

TT

LIST OF TABLES

TableTableTableTable

Table 5:Table 6:Table 8;Table 9:

Carry Over ProjectsDetail Design of Rehabilitation ProjectsTargets and AchievementsSummary of CWSS Water Schemes Completed byDistrict and by Zone since 1972Household Latrines Constructed during 1989/90School Latrines Constructed during 1989/90Villages visited by Communication Unit

PAGE4

8111316

Location and Number of Smokeless Chulos Installed 17

LIST OF ANNEX

AnnexAnnexAnnexAnnexAnnexAnnexAnnexAnnexAnnexAnnexAnnex

ITI.1.1IVVVIVIVIIXXXI

I

III

Work Schedule for the 1989/90 Construction SeasonList of Projects Completed in 1989/90 Financial YearWork Schedule for the 19':>0/91 Construction SeasonList of Approved Minor Repair RequestsSummary of the 1989/90 Training ActivitiesList of HMG and HELVETAS Staff (excl. WSSTs)Approved CW3SP Budget for the Financial Year 1989/90List of Call Forwards (prepared by UN ICCF)Proposed Training Programme for 1990/91Proposed CWSSP budget for the Financial Year 1990/91Implementation Flow Chart for CWGG Water Supply Projects

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REFERENCEWATER SUPPLY

The Hagusext 141/142

,\JE

CWSSP WESTERN REGION A n n u a .1 R e D O r t 19 8 9 / 9 0 III

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADBNCCFCW3S(. P)DDBDwt: or D£DWSODW3SHELVET ASHMC,MHPP.MPLD

MTPCRWSCFSFDPSTUNICEFVMWWI(P)W3STWW

Agricultural Development Bank of NepalCash Call Forward (UNICEF internal use)Community Water Supply and Sanitation (Programme)District Development BoardDistrict (Water) EngineerDistrict Water Supply OfficeDepartment of Water Supply and Sewerage of MHPPSwiss Association for Development and CooperationH i. s Ma j e% I.y ' s ':iove r nmen tMinistry of Housing and Physical PlanningMinistry of Panchayat and Local Developmentnow MLD Ministry of Local DevelopmentMaintenance TechnicianProduction Credit for Rural Women ,,Supply Call Forward (UNICEF internal use)Small Farmer's Development ProgrammeSanitation TechnicianUnited Nations Children's FundVillage Maintenance WorkerWomen Involvement (Programme)Water Supply and Sanitation TechnicianWoman Worker

This reportP.N. Nepal,

ihcorperates comments made by Mr.MHPP/DWES Regional Director for the

Wester Development Region. However the viewsexpressed in the reports are not necessarilyendorsed neither by Mr. P.N. Nepal nor theDepartment of Water Supply and Sewerage of MHPP.

CW'ySP WL3TERN REGION Annua.1 Report 3,980/90 L

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Since 1971 Hi.s Majesty's Government (HMG) of Nepal, with theassistance from UNICEF, has been implementing the CommunityWater Supply and Sanitation Programme (CWSSP) through the.Ministry of Panehayat and Local Development (MPLD). Since theinstitutional reorganization in 1988, the CWSSP is imple-mented by the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS)a department of the Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning(MHPP).The principal objective of the CWSS programme is to reducethe incidence of water- and sanitation related diseases by:

a) providing easy access to a sufficient quantity of safewater and by,

b) creating and promoting awareness on hygiene and sanita-tion related issues.

An other important objective of the programme is to enhancethe management of completed schemes by strengthening and in-stitutionalizing operation and maintenance through the watersupply users committee.Special emphasis is given to the involvement of women in allstages of a scheme implementation and its subsequent manage-ment.The programme in its initial stage was financed from UNICEF'sgeneral resources (pre-noted projects). Since 1976 the pro-gramme for the Western Development Region is funded by agrant (Noted "A") from the Government of Switzerland andtechnical assistance is provided by HELVETAS,The programme agreement for the present, fourth phase of

' Noted "A" programme covers the years 1987 to 1939, but wasextended by mutual consent of all the parties involved for another two years until end of 1991. The original agreement forthe fourth funding period was signed in February 1988 and theamendment for the extension was signed in May 1990.The CWSS programme western region forms part of UNICEF's

. overall Programme of Cooperation with HMG as documented inthe Plan of Operation for the period 1988 to 1992 (ref. chap-ter 5) of UNICEF Nepal.The CWSS programme implementation concept is based on a part-nership between the villagers and the executing agency, sincemid 1988 MHPP/DWSG, which is assisted by UNICEF and HELVETAS.The four partners are providing different essential inputswhich are needed to construct and maintain a water supplyscheme with village participation.

a BENEFIT I ARILS are expected to:a) form a users committee which shall assist in design of

the scheme, management of construction activities andoperation and maintenance of the completed scheme

b) to contribute unskilled labour and local materialsHM.G/MHPP/DWSS provides administrative and technical manpower,carries out feasibility studies and detail designs, and pro-

CWCSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 . 2,

vides funds to pay the required, skilled labour and trans-portation of material (by vehicles).UN ICEP is administering the Swiss funds which are used forthe procurement of all construction material, equipment,training and scholarship.HELVETAS is providing technical and managerial assistance andgives special support to programmes like training and otherfield extension activities.

The programme covers twelve districts of the western regionnamely.

Gorkha Tanahun PalpaKaski Myagdi GulmiLam/jung par bat Argha KhanchiSyangja Baglung Nawal Parasi

National Policy and Programme

A significant increase in the Governments commitment to watersupply was observed following the declaration of the Inter-national Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade in 1981. Unfor-tunately the level of commitment for sanitation has remainedlow. Since the beginning of the Decade numerous plans havebeen prepared, finally culminating in the goal of providingsafe drinking water to all Nepalese by the year 2000. This<ambitious goal forms part of the governments commitment tofulfill its own declared Basic Need Programme. Following thedeclaration of this programme, it became apparent that newapproaches are urgently needed to achieve this goal. As a re-sult the Government placed all water supply and sanitationprogrammes under one Ministry and strengthened the districtlevel capacity for programme implementation. FurthermoreMHPP/DWSS has adopted some aspects of community participationas a general policy for the implementation of all governmentwater supply and sanitation programmes. With this step DWSStried to harmonize the two considerable different implementa-tion approaches of DWSS and CWSSP.Overall coverage of water supply has continued to increase,but not at a rate needed to reach the mid 1990 target of 48percent. The Government has estimated that for the WesternRegion a water supply coverage of 29 percent was reached byend of 1989. This figure, however has been obtained as a cu-mulative total design population 'z&rved by new facilities anddoes not reflect the actual population currently receivingadequate service, a figure which is likely to be much lower.

2. AGREEMENT .

2.1 Fourth Funding Period

The fourth founding agreement covers a three year period fromthe begin of 1987 to the end of 1989 and was signed only inFebruary 1988. At the time of signing the agreement it wasalready decided by the Government to shift the CWSSP from theMPLD to MHPP; therefore the institutional set-up as outlined

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report.

in the agreement was obsolete. To avoid further time consum-ing consultations which may have affected the smooth runningof the programme the parties involved HMG - UNICEF - HELVETASagreed to sign the previously worked out agreement. Howeverit was decided to attach to the agreement a covering letterwhich provides for the review of the agreement by exchange ofletters between the parties involved at a time the institu-tional set-up and the project implementation policies havebeen formulated by the liHPP.

According to theare required foractivi ties:

fourth funding agreement the following fundsthe implementation of the proposed programme

Government Funds USDUNICEF Noted "A" Funds USDVillage Contribution . ' , ' USD

Extension of the Fourth Funding Period

758,800 (24%)1,924,400 (62%)428,700 (14%)

In the first quarter of 1989, for the first time, an evalua-tion of the CWSS programme! was carried out by a team ofNepali and Swiss Consultants. Amongst a lot of other issuesto be evaluated by the team was the topic concerning the con-tinuation of the programme. The evaluation team was asked toprepare and recommend "an outline of the primary elements andth& main focus to be adopted" for the next phase of the pro-gramme imp1ernentation.SDC Bern, HELVETAS and UNICEF expected as a result of theevaluation, to be in a position to develop a programme con-cept for the fifth funding period. However the evaluationteam was not able to provide the necessary input because asthe team rightly observed "that the CWSS programme at thepresent is in a critical phase where it is difficult to fore-see in which direction it could develop. Much depends on theefforts by HMG, more particular on the MHPP and its imple-menting Department of Mater Supply and Sewerage to, harmonizethe CWSS and the OWSS implementation approaches and to whatextend the policy on people participation is put intopractice".In view of this uncertainty SDC Bern and HELVETAS proposed toextend the fourth funding period by two years until end of1991. The programme implementation was considerable below theanticipated output, therefore a two years extension seemed tobe justified to achieve the objectives as outlined in thefunding agreement. In addition it was thought that the twoyears extension will enable the project management to collectsufficient reliable information which will allow the partiesinvolved to decide on their future involvement into the Com-munity Water Supply and Sanitation Programme.In September 1*389 the process to extend the fourth fundingperiod was initiated, and on the 17th May 1990 the amendmentwas signed. During the elapsed time required for negotiationit became apparent that there are considerable differences ofopinions between the three parties concerned: MHPP - UNICEF -

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90

HELVETAS. It would be wrong to attribute the differences onlyto the prevailing situation in Nepal at the time of negotia-tions. The difference in opinions concerned mainly the healtheducation and women involvement programmes which are regardedby the donor as Integral part of the CWSSP. The difference inopinions concerned mainly the health education and women in-volvement programmes which are regarded by the donor as inte-gral part of the CW'oGP.

For the two years extension a budgetfollowing fund requirements:

Government FundsUNICEF Noted "A" FundsVillage Contribution

was prepared with the

USDUSDUSD

502,000980,000270,000

(29%)(56%)(15%)

It is worth to note that no additional Swiss fund are re-quired over and above the already approved USD 1.924,400since as mentioned earlier the two years extension is used tofulfill the programmes objectives as laid down in the origi-nal agreement.However UNICEF Headquarters,New YorkGovernment that additional funds aretude of the two years extension e.g.Swiss Government approved in December

PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS

pretended to the Swissrequired in the rnagni-USD 980,000 which the

1989.

3.1 Water Supply SectorFor more detail information on the individual schemes, pleaserefer to Annex 1,'Work Schedule for the 1989/90 ConstructionSeason.

3.1.1 Carry Over Projects

The following number of projects in varying degrees of imple-mentation were carried over from the previous constructionseason:

Table 1: Carrv Over ProiectSi

i Type of scheme:

i Implementation stage:

[ 1. Completed c-ef. not© li 2, 80 to 100 % completed! 3. 60 to 80 % completed[4. 20 to 60 % completed

! Total carry over

NEW

) 5276

20

Rehabili-tation

121

4

AreaSpecific

31

4

Total ]

• 5 J6 i10 j7

28 IN o t e 1 ') T h e c o m p l e t e d s c h e ni e> s w © r «? c a t t i t ? d f o r m r d t <:.< r a d

n i n i » t r * t i v » r t « » d n «

3.1.2 This Financial Year Taken Up Projects

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90

In an attempt to reduce the number of carry over projects andfurthermore to gain the one year period between project de-sign and project implementation it was decided not to includeany new water supply scheme in the construction schedule butto rehabilitate 12 existing but non or only partial func-tional supply systems. The one year time laps beLweun designand implementation of a project is required to make projectspecific procurement.The following design stages have been achieved for the twelverehabilitation schemes:

Table 2: Detail Design of Rehabilitation Proiects

No. of schemes |

I o1) Design approved and constr. work commenced) Design received but returned with requestfor arnendments

3.) Design received at the end of the financialyear but not acted upon

j 4) No design received at all

Besides the twelve official projects there were three nonlisted projects (ref. Annex I) on which construction activi-ties commenced during the reporting period. Two of them wererehabilitation projects and one was a new project. The newproject was taken up after approval was received from UNICEFto include the project in the implementation schedule.

3.1.3 Detail Designi ' • • • • • ' . • •

The approved CWSSP budget for the financial year under reviewincluded funds to carry out detail design for four water sup-ply systems. However due to the presently applied selectionprocedures by the District Development Board there is noguarantee that the surveyed projects will be included intothe next years construction schedule, hencecarry out such surveys is accordingly low.To improve the present working procedure ofvelopment Board it will be necessary thatDistrict Development. Board through appropriate channels re-garding the general planning and implementation routines of awater supply project. E.g. after a project has been passed bythe DDB the respective DWSO needs one dry season in case ofsmaller projects and two to three dry seasons for biggerschemes for planning and design purpose. After a scheme hasbeen found feasible and the design (at least for the 1stphase) is completed the project should go back to the DDBwhich will now decide whether or not to include it in theforthcoming financial years budget (ref. Annex XI).

the motivation to

the DistrictDWSS informs

De-the

3.1.4 Feasibility Studies

CWSSP WESTERN REGION _AnnuaI Reoort 1989/90

In order to be better prepared and to be able to advise theDistr ict Assemblies on which projects are feasible i t wasproposed to carry out 60 feasib i l i ty studies (5 per Dis-t r i c t ) . However for various reasons this act iv i ty never gotthe attention i t deserves, although the CWS5P places greatimportance on the feasib i l i ty studies since besides otherfactors the population's "community sp i r i t " should be as-sessed in the process of carrying out the survey.

3.1.5 Proposed Targets and Actual Achievements

Table, 3: Targets ari

I *

! Type of Project:

[ Type of Activity:

id At::hievements

Carryover

NEW

i Feasibility survey1 Target:J to completeI Achieved:i completed

! Detail design• Target:I to completei to carry over[ Achieved:i completedi carry over

] Construction[ Target:i to complete 24i to carry over[ Achieved:I completed| carry over

177

REH.

4

31

Taken upthis FY

N

EW

REH.

12

39

66

210

Non-listed

NE

w

1

1

X

1

R£H.

1

1

1

1

Futureschemes

60

NONE

4

NONE

Total !

18 i

5 !

35 I

7 J23 l

19 JNote: 1) Type of Project;- NEW refers to coapletely new schemes

- REH. refers to existing schemes requiring rehabilitation2) One of the not listed project (Heija) had to be dropped after completion of some eaergency

repair, since neither the villagers nor the DWSO abide to the agreements made between theparties concerned

3) Construction activities includes also the four area specific projects ; ; ••4) Since the four design projects were not included into the 1990/91 construction budget i t is

assumed that they wil l not be considered any further.5) The source dispute on Chang Changed water supply is s t i l l not resolved and therefore only

l i t t l e work has been carried out. The population who owns the proposed sources for Chang-Changdi insisted that they wi l l be given a water scheme in return for the water abstractionrights. Irrespective whether their demands are justif ied or not the CWS3 management was notin a position to give such an assurance.

Throughout the various project implementation stages the pro-gramme's output remained far below the expectations. Partly

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Aqp̂ ial Report 198.9/90 . ' i 7

the low output can be explained by the political situationexperienced in Nepal during the first quarter of 1990. But itmust be acknowledged that there are other as important rea-sons like structural weaknesses like:

a) late release of HMG fundsb) increase of implementation activities towards the end

of the financial year caused partly by the late releaseof funds and partly caused by the field staffs workingstyle. This situation will cause a conflict of interest

. if the project is implemented with community participa-tion - farinwork versus community work

c) insufficient TA/DA funds for field staffwhich contributed greatly to the slow pace of implementation.Furthermore the DWSS field staff finds it still difficult toimplement water supplies with community participation al-though the policy has been adopted by DWSS as their overallimplementing guideline. The DWE were quick in realizing thevalue of the CWSSP trained staff. Often such staff is used onnone CWSS projects to the disadvantage of the CWSS programmeprogress.It is therefore suggested that for the time being CWSStrained staff is utilized only on CWSS projects. On the otherhand CWSSP should make available its vast training experienceby providing training courses to already employed but under-qualified DWSS field staff.

3.1.6 Schemes Completed During the Reporting Period.

As shown in Table.3; 23 water supply projects were completedduring the time under review. However out of the 23 schemes 4were Area Specific Projects which leaves the CWSS programme

* with 19 completed schemes for the last construction season,statistically a reasonable output (ref, Annex II, List ofProjects completed in 1989/90 Financial Year). However thereader is reminded that out of the 28 carry over projects 5were completed in the previous construction season, but theywere carried over for administrative reasons. Therefore theactual number of projects completed is 14 which compares rea-sonable with the output achieved in the previous years (.1985to 89). However the implementation rate remained far belowthe outputs achieved prior to 1985 with an average of 22schemes completed per annum. Furthermore it was not possibleto reduce the number of carry over projects (ref. Annex III,Work Schedule for the 1990/91 Construction Season.). To someextend the problem may be explained by the size of projectsimplemented today which requires more than one constructionseason and on the other side it is the result of the struc-tural weaknesses as mentioned in chapter 3.1.5.

3.1.7 Number of CWSS Projects Completed

The number of. schemes completed since 1972 (pre-Noted "A")until now amounts to 272 projects, which means 13 new pro-jects have been added to the list since July 1989. These fig-ures do not include small projects executed under the train-

CtJSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 8

ing programme and area specific projects. Furthermore for re-habilitation projects no new project numbers are allocated,henceforth rehabilitation projects do not count as output.The list of all CWSS projects completed is available fromthis office on special request.

Table 4: Summary of CWSS Water Schemes Completed by Districtand bv Zone, since 1972

! GANDAKI ZONE

! Kaski! Lamjungj Manang •i Gorkhai Tanahun| Syangja

T O T A Li

GRAND TOTAL

58214

202423

150

DHAULAGIRI

BaglungMyagdiMustangParbat

i

•

ZONE

15259

24

73

LUMBINI ZONE

Palpa 19 IGulmi 13 !Argha Khanchi 7 ]Nawal Parasi 9 • . 1Rupandehi. 1 i

* ' !

49 J

272 |

3.1.8 Water Supply Coverage by CWSS Schemes

In the previous annual reports the coverage achieved by CWSSschemes has been shown. This coverage figures were derived onthe assumption that "in each house served by the water supplysystem 7 personsthat this numbermuch more likelyper household isnot been resolved

are leaving"'. However there are indicationsof people per household is to high. It isthat the country's average of 5.5 personsmuch more appropriate. Since the issue hasit lias been decided not to give any cover-

age figures at all.

3.1.9 Legal Status of the Area Specific Projects

Area Specific Project are water schemes initiated by SFDP orPCRW,. These two programmes are financially supported byUNICEF, and for this reason it was nothing than natural toask the CWSS to implement these projects the more as at thetime of starting the Area Specific Project the PCRW and CWGSwere under the same Ministry. SFDP is a programme of theAgricultural Development Bank of Nepal (ADBN). With thechange of Ministries this implementation arrangement was alsotransferred. However at no time was there a legal arrangementbetween UNICEF and the Ministry involved regarding the AreaSpecific Projects. UNICEF (or in the case of Western Region,HELVETAS) staff misused to some extend their position to is-sue material to non governmental projects. It may be arguedthat the Ministry concerned consented to this arrangementsince they accepted that UNICEF paid for the Salaries of thestaff involved in the implementation of the projects.Furthermore during the past construction season it became ap-parent that we are no longer able to supervise such projectssince the RD's office is no more directly responsible for the

CWSSP WESTERN REQT.QN Annual Report 1989/90 j 7

clay to day implementation of water schemes, and the DWE feltthat we are interfering into his area by executing non DWSSwater schemes with governmental staff.The other side is that UNICEF financed this projects out ofSwiss funds without having thought the consent of the donor.Furthermore it puts the credibility of UNIC6F at stake whenon one side it declares 0 & M as its major concern on theother hand is financing projects without any 0 & M set upwhatsoever.

3.2 Operation and Maintenance

3.2.1 Maintenance Policy* .

In principal the CWSSP operation and Maintenance policy isbased on the Jhapa and Pokhara Conferences held in September1981 and October 1982 respectively. 'A revised and up-dated CWSSP maintenance policy was preparedin 1989 to take care of the institutional changes experiencedsince the first 0 & M policy paper was prepared in 1981.However the basic idea behind the 0 & M policy remainedthroughout the years the same. It stipulates that the Benefi-ciaries are the owner of the water scheme and henceforth areresponsible for the operation and maintenance of their sys-tem. In case the operational or maintenance problems are ex-ceeding the beneficiaries technical and financial abilitiesthe District or even the Region must provide additionalsupport.

The revised 0 & M paper defines the various level of mainte-nance like:

' - preventive maintenance- planned maintenance and- emergency maintenance

Furthermore the paper tries to define the area of responsi-bility for each party involved.For the last two years , one of the HELVETAS engineers is re-sponsible to coordinate the activities of the Regional 0 & M- Unit. Since the whole maintenance set-up, although promotedand supported by HELVETAS for more than a decade, is stillnot well established nor institutionalized, it was thought tobe of advantage to operate the 0 & M Coordinating Unit on Re-gional level. The Unit's main responsibility is to providesupport to the three parties involved on 0 & M of a waterscheme and to enhance and improve their administrative andtechnical efficiency. At present the following two activitiesare supported and their performance monitored by the 0 & MCoordination Unit:

- 0 & M promotional campaigns in villages with completedwater schemes

- Processing of minor repair requests

3.2.2 0 & M Promotional Campaigns

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/vO IQ

As mentioned earlier there is a 0 & M policy which definesthe various duties and responsibilities. However just on vil-lage level, very often the beneficiaries do not know or <ionot want to know their rights and duties concerning their ownwater supply. Since the watar supply was constructed by thegovernment (although they contributed greatly to the con-struction by providing unskilled labour and local availablematerial) they indulge in the believe that it is the govern-ment's duty to keep their system operational.To promote a better understanding and to raise the level ofawareness regarding O&M requirements a 0&lv! promotional cam-paign was conceived. The campaigns are carried out by Mainte-nance Technicians (MT) who are selected from the core of themost experienced Water Supply Technicians (WSST). Dependingon the size of supply system the MT stays for four to sevendays in a village. During the visits they check thoroughlythe whole system if possible together with the Village Main-tenance Worker (VMW), and provide assistance to rectify minorproblems. The state of the water scheme and whether there isan active O&M management approach or not is reported on aspecial developed form. This form is also made available tothe District Engineer for information or necessary action ifrequired. In addition the MT brush up the knowledge of theVMW, observe the functioning of the Users Committee and iftrie re is none to encourage the beneficiaries to form a newUsers Committee, which is an essential requirement if thescheme requires material assistance by UNICEF. Finally and ifthere is some time left the MT carries out a health and sani-tation campaign.During the reporting period 89 water schemes were visited by9 MT. Out of the' 89 schemes visited there were 22 schemes

' which have been visited the previous financial year but wheresome follow up was required to observe whether the concernedparties initiated any action or not.

3.2.3 Minor Repair Requests

Over the last few years HMG/UNICEF" included in their budgetsfunds to carry out minor repairs on existing water schemes.For the financial year 1989/90 HMG provided NC 13,000 andUNICEF NC 25,000 (Total NC 38,000) per District for this ac-tivity. The number of schemes which ask for either technicalor material assistance or both is steadily increasing. How-ever due to the dissolving of the Users Committee and thesubsequent reorganization of them only 10 repair request wereapproved by the O&M-Unit (ref. Annex IV). Approximate 15 to20 repair requests are pending to be processed as soon aspossible. There are two issues to which we attach great im-portance:a) Often repair requests include not only material needed for

repair but also for extension of service area and systemcomponents. Repair and augmentation, these two activitiesmust be strictly separated. As of now our maintenance ex-penditure portrait a picture that we are very active inthis field whereas actually only very little is done for

CWGSP WEST CRN REUTCJN Annual Report 1909/90 LX

the cause of real maintenance. If a system shall be ex-: tended it needs the assessment of the existing system to

know whether it is able to cope with the additional demandor not.

b) It is necessary in order to prevent, the misuse of re-sources that all the DWSO staff concerned and the benefi-ciaries ensure, that the material is actually used for thepurpose it was intended and iequested for.

3.3 Sanitation :

In the past Water Supply and Sanitation Technicians (WSST)were trained and utilized in the fields of:

. - community participation- health, hygiene and sanitation- construction of water supplies

This concept, proved to be very effective since the WSST'swere given ample time before and during the construction pe-riod to promote what i:: today called the "software" or educa-tional pal t of the CWSS programme.With the institutional reorganization and the placing of theCWSS programme under MHPP/0WS3 the Programme management lostits direct link to the WSCTs. Today the WSSTs are under di-rect supervision of the respective District Water- Supply Of-fices (DWCO) . The District Engineer being the man directlyexposed one side to the population he should serve and on theother side to the "target" pressure created by HMG's target01 tented performance assessment, shifts some of this targetpressure unto .the WSST.. It has been observed that the techni-cians ^re using less and less time on these educational pro-grammes and concentrate more on the physical implementationof the project.Either it will be necessary to reduce the output of the pro-gramme or to employ and train additional staff whose main du-ties will be to take over the village mobilisation and educa-tional campaigns previously carried out by the WSSTs- It isbelieved that the second possibility is much more promisingand holds a great potential for further pen tot malice impi ove-ment of the CWSS programme in general. In this regard thenewly introduced Woman Workers may become very useful asfuture CWSSP "animateur".

3.3.1 Household Latrines

For the above mentioned reason sanitation campaigns were car-ried out only in projects were the Women Involvement Pro-1

yramme (WIP) i.s active.The Sanitation. Technicians (ST) together with the WomanWorker of the WIP constructed the following number of house-hold latrines:

Table 5: Hoii^uhold Latrines Constructed during 1989/90

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1.

{ Name of Project

! Kota{ KeshabtarJ Satupasali Gaidakot/Dhodenii Ghyalchowkj Ghakhui Kotre

| r 0 T A L

District No. of

TanahunTanahunSyang jaNawal-ParasiCorkhaGorkhaTanahun (Training site)

La t r i nes

1 620 J60 j30 I30 !20 •19 I

.195 j

3-3.2 School Latrines

School latrines are part of a water supply system and there-tore they are built by the same technician who is responsiblefor the construction o I" the water scheme. In October 1989 theschool latrine design was revised to incorporate observationsmade during the past few years.Since most school Icxt lines are chiefly used for urinating andnot so much for defecation the latrine pit size was consider-ably reduced.Ironically the tew times the latrines are used for defecationis the reason why most of the school latrines are not uti-lized. To keep the latrine in an acceptable state whereby the.latrine can have an educational as well as an health impactseems to be a major problem. Although there are speciallytrained teacher on health and hygiene related issues and inaddition the CWSS t̂.atff constructing the latrine very oftentakes over classes to teach the students on the use and use-

• fulness of a latrma, the impact is hardly noticeable.To ensure that the school latrines can fulfill their purpose,as a tool for health education, it will be necessary that theconstruction progra *e is accompanied by a specially devisededucational programme for teachers and students. It is be-lieved that such an educational programme will have in theLong term a great impact since it makes the future generationof parents await; of health, hygiene and sanitation relatedIssues.The following school latrines have been constructedduring the reporting r>eriod:

CWSSP WESTERN RFGIQN Annual Report IQB'V'X)

Table 6: School L...;i1:ri.ne9 Constructed during IO39/OQ

I Name of Project. District No. of LatrinesZ Box 2 Box

GhyalchowkL imithanabhachokHemjaSatupasal

uorkhaParbatKa'.ikiKaskiSyangja

0 T A L

3.4 Training

courses conducted along with• fief summary of the course

A 11 s t of t r ain i iiinformation and agiven in Annex V.r he overall training programme consisted of:

a) the regular tifining with 12 different

•3 tat i •:: ticalcontents is

conisesb) the tentative training programme listing an other

S courses :

The Women Worker training course was conducted by UNICEFKathmandu with assistance from the various regional fieldstaff.From the regular training programme 4 courses and the wholetentative training programme had to be cancelled for variousreasons like Hi;-; rla,jes=ty' s Visit to Pokhara, the politicalsituation and directly related to it the dissolving of theusers committee or? a imply due to time constraints. The can-celled courses are:.

- Q&M orientation workshop for MST- O&M orientation workshop for District Engineers- CWSSP orientation workshop for DWSS Assistant Engineers- CWSSP orientation workshop for DWSS Overseers- Ferrocement Training for DWSS Plumbers- Orientation Workshop for Users Committee Members- Basic Foreman Course for DWSS Plumbers- District Engineers Workshop- Chulo Installation Training for WiiSTs

Furthermore a pilot VriW training course for DWSS schemes hadto be cancelled at the last minute. Except the courses forthe women involvement programme all other- training coursesare conducted by CWS;J Field-Staff assisted by HELVETAS. Al-though the District Engineers in general appreciate the pro-fessional skill of the CWSS staff, when it comes to releasesome of its staff for training purpose they are very reluc-tant to do so, to 'iay the least. This put an undue heavy bur-den on the HELVETA:.;) i.taff assigned to the training since hehad to take over the work load of trainers not released bythe D i s t r i c t Engi neei '•••-

To conduct-a proper and efficient training a lot of prepara-tion and continuous input is required from the side of train-ers. They feel that the programme shows very little apprecia-

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report ,1989/90 J A

tion for their, without any question, great efforts. This isa problem which should be tackled as soon as possible other-wise the programme may loose their services.

3.5 Women Involvement '

The main objective of the CWSS programme is to reduce the in-cidence of water and sanitation related diseases. Improvedwater supply will have an impact on the health and well-beingof the beneficiaries only if improved water quality andavailability is combined with an increased level of awarenesson health and hygiene related matters. Since women are mostconcerned with domestic hygiene and the health of their fami-lies, focusing on them with special conceived programmesseemed the most obvious proposition.Based on these consideration HELVETAS decided 4 years ago toinitiate the Women Involvement Programme (WIP). The/ WIP con-cept is well documented in the following two papers:

• a) Woman Involvement Programme Approach Paper issued inJune 1987 which has been periodically up-dated as re-quired

b) Summary of the WIP Approach Paper together with a ten-tative staff and fund requirement forecast if the pro-gramme shall be implemented on regional or nationallevel

The implementation of the women involvement programme was, asmuch as the other programmes if not more, affected by the po-litical situation experienced. In addition to this difficul-ties the lack of a WIP™Coordinator whom we were able to re-cruit only recently did not permit to take on any new pro™

' ject. Furthermore a lot of the available time was absorbed bythe introduction of the newly recruited woman workers intotheir field of activities. In the following villages the WIPactivities were continued:

Table 7: List_of Villages in which the WIP is active ;1

District:

! GorkhaTanahuni Nawal. ParasiKaskiSyangja

Village

GhyalchowkKotaPrasauniBhachok

: Kilung Deurali (activitiesslowed down due to prolongedconstruction period)

3.6 Communication Unit

The CWSS programme pursues a policy of partnership betweenthe parties involved, e.g. HMG-Beneficiaries-UNICEF/HELVETAS,in the design and construction of a water scheme. Good commu-nication between the partners is therefore essential and willbe the key to a successful project implementation. Until some

CNSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 ; l£.

few years back it was possible to develop and nourish such apartnership by:

a) Carrying out feasibility studies which besides thetechnical aspects paid due attention to the social en-vironment in which the project is placed. By providingample time the surveyor was in a position to interactwith the future beneficiaries, to explain to them theCWSS implementation approach and the duties and respon-

• sibility of each partner.b) Prior to the commencement ••of any construction activity

again WSSTs went to the newly approved projects. Thepurpose of this visit was to introduce the villagers tothe approved design of their future scheme and outlin-ing- to the population the work expected to be done bythem. But again the most important purpose of the WSSTsvisit was to further strengthen the partnership rela-tion and to "feel" whether the village was ready forsuch, in most cases, great communal effort.

Due to shifting of the responsibility for implementation fromthe Region to the Districts (as outlined by the decentraliza-tion act) a new element came j.nto being the "DWSO". Since theDWSO is nearer to the people it should serve, it was antici-pated that this arrangement would also ease communicationproblems experienced when implementing the programme from re-gional level. •Unfortunately this assumption proved to be true only for someDWSOs. It became apparent that it was necessary to improvethe communication between the Benaficiaries and DWSO one sideand between the DWSO and CWSS programme management on theother side, to enhance the project implementation. Project

t Coordination Workshops were organized in an attempt to over-come the communication gap.Users Committee Members of new projects, District Water Sup-ply Office staff and the WSST assigned to the project wereinvited to participate in such Workshops. The participantswere thoroughly brief on the CWSS implementation procedures,and on HMG administrative procedures which often proved to bevery irritating to the villagers. However most of the timewas used to bring the different partners together and to givethem a chance to air their grievance and to listen to theother explaining why he is acting in a certain way.During the past year this partnership has been further erodedand is replaced more and more by a "Top to Bottom" approach.The government being aware of the problems proposed to intro-duce a special conceived training course for Users Committeemembers. As experienced with our Project Coordination Work-shop such training courses will not substantially widen the"base" on which the scheme is implemented and later operatedand maintained. However if we want to implement and operatewater supplies with full peoples participation, it is abso-lutely necessary to widen this base by involving as many ben-eficiaries as possible not only in the physical implementstion but also in management of the project. The feeling ofignorance prevents most of the beneficiaries to involve them-

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 16

selves beyond tha physical execution of the project. To de-rnistyfy a water project and make it easily understandable tothe villagers, thereby closing a communication gap betweenthe beneficiaries and the users committee, will pave the wayto a better involvement of the people concerned. This educa-tional work formerly carried out by Surveyors and WSST needsto be assigned to a group of staff not involved in the dailytarget struggle of the technical' staff e.g. to the womanworks of the W [ P.During the period of review it was not possible to conductany Users Committee Workshops for reasons mentioned else-where. Therefore the Communication Unit conducted only healthand sanitation campaigns in the below mentioned villages- Inaddition the team informed the villagers on CWSSP implementa-tion approach.

Table 8: Villages visited bv Communication Unit

District Village

TanahunParbatParbatGorkhaKaskiKaskiKaski

Kotre (household Latrine Training;Khurkot SubeditharKhurkot LampataGhyalchowkHemja (WIP Workshop)Shera + Gahate (VMW-Training)Bhachok (Dhodeni -Makaikhola -Thurnssikot)

3.7 Chulo Programme

About eight years ago the promotion of the newly developed' smokeless chulos was taken up as part of the CWSS programme

activities. With the inception of the fourth funding periodthe chulo programme has become an official part of the over-all CWSS programme concept. This step was taken with a strongbelieve that water availability and conservation of forestare inter-related and therefore the inclusion of the chuloprogramme into a programme which mainly deals with water sup-plies is justified. Through better utilization of the firewood the chulo's will assist to conserve the already verymuch depleted forest reserve besides having a positive impacton the well-being of its users by reducing the incidence ofrespiratory diseases.In the meantime various agencies have included the chulo pro-motion in their overall programme activity and are competingdirectly against each other by waiving subsidized manufactur-ing and transport costs.Although there are quite a few potters in Gandaki Zone,trained by the CWSSP, who are able to produce chulo parts,they are not willing to install these chulos which has a di-rect and mostly negative bearing on the efficiency of thechulos.For the above mentioned reasons the CWSSP is promoting smoke-less chulos within their women involvement programme only and

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 17

carries out the installation of the chulos with their owntrained chulo technicians or woman workers.The following number of smokeless chulos have been installedduring the period of review:

Table 9: Location and N,WITlbBr Qf Smokeless Chulos Installed

3.8

! District

i Gorkha

Tanahuni Nawal ParasiSyangja.

Village

GankhuGhyalchowkKeshabtarPrasauniSatupasal

No of Chulos

16 i34 |a j16 13 i

T O T A L 77

Notwithstanding the policies; of other agencies, for chulossupplied by the CWSSP the people had to pay NC 40 per chuloset, which clearly indicates that people are willing to payfor something if in their opinion the product is of superiorquality or if better service •(e.g. installation) is received.According to observations made elsewhere (ref. "The HimalayanDilemma", page 68 to 71) the present chulo design has littleinfluence on.fire wood saving since the chulo is to small fora big family or to big for a small family. At present thechulo is mainly utilized along tourist roads where businessdemands to have hot food available throughout the day. Thr:finding is confirmed by our own observations that even ifthere is a smokeless chulo installed it is not often used andfurthermore it cannot be used for alcohol browing and prapa-ration of buffalo or cow food, two activities which requiremuch more wood then the preparation of the daily meals.In addition chulo parts are extremely fragile and thereforetransportation costs are getting exorbitant.If the chulo programme shall have its envisaged impact it isnecessary to adapt the design even more to the local condi-tion e.g.

a) if possible all parts should be manufactured on villagelevel

b) the firing wholes must be of adjustable design to caterfor various sized cooking pots

The organization who initiated the development of the firstsmokeless chulos should be assigned with the task to furtherdevelop the chulos as outlined above.

Water Quality Assessment

Since 1978 bacteriological water testing has been carried outin a sporadic manner. Since in the CWSSP no water treatmentfacilities are provided the tests are used to assess thequality of new proposed sources for water supplies and if theconditions permit to choose the one with the best water qual-ity (mostly from bacteriological point of view only). In thepast financial year the biological water quality of three

CWiySP WESTERN REGION Annual Report .1989/9Q ,1,g

just completed schemes were tested namely Lalirn, Kotre andDhodeni. From the six tested sources three sources are withinWHO standard (No E. coli. per 100 ml water) and three are notconforming to WHO standards with a range of 1 to 4 E coli per100 ml water. However Feachem R.G. proposed for rural watersupplies 0 to 10 E.coli. per 100 ml water as a acceptable andgood water quality requiring no treatment at all. With thislimit all of the tested sources are within an acceptablerange.Again it was observed that re-pollution from the source tothe consumer is an issue which needs to be more seriously ad-dressed.Two sources of existing water supplies Kihunbadahar andRamjakofe, both located in Tanahun District, had to be chemi-cally analyzed due to operational problems (scaling and de-posit of unknown origin inside the pipes). These tests had tobe carried out in Kathmandu since the CWSSP Office is notequipped to carry out such t»sts.

3.9 Manpower

List of HMG/DWSS and HELVETA3 staff is provided on Annex VI

3.9.1 HMG Staff

a) Regional DirectorateAs per agreement covering the implementation of the CWSSPthe MHPP through its Department of Water Supply and Sewer-age is the executing agency; and its Regional Director forthe Western Region Mr. Poshan Nath Nepal has bean assignedthe task of overall management of the programme. Since the

' Regional Director is often away from Pokhara on officialdepartmental duties he has delegated most of his authori-ties and responsibilities regarding the day to day runningof the programme to two Assistant Engineers assigned tothe DWSO Kaski District. This not completely satisfactoryarrangement although the measure enhanced the administra-tive efficiency considerably was necessitated by the lackof Divisional Engineers on Regional level. The present ar-rangement creates ambiguous situations in the absence ofthe Regional Director since the two Assistant Engineersare not only junior to their actual superior the KaskiDistrict Engineer but also to most of the other DistrictEngineers.Notwithstanding his very tight work schedule, Mr. P.N.Nepal has taken a strong interest in the CWSS programme

• and he himself takes care of all planning exercises andmajor decisions in close cooperation with the HELVETASproject Co-Manager.Except for the Maintenance - and Sanitation Technicians aswell as the Woman Workers which are assigned to the Re-gional Director-ate, the other CWSS staff is posted to thevarious Districts.The MHPP through its Department of Water Supply and Sewer-age was requested, to create six posts for Woman Workers in

CWRSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 19

each region. This request was not approved by the Ministryconcerned. As an interim measure UNICEF decided to employand finance the WW directly out of its own funds althoughthe terms of employment are the same as the ones in thegovernment service.

b) District Water Supply Office (DWSO)

All sixteen District Engineer posts have been filled withDWSG engineer's of varying seniority. In the first year af-ter the institutional re-arrangement the District Engi-neers being new to the CWSS implementation approach werereluctant to take over the responsibility for the CWSSprogramme implementation. However this situation changeddrastically last year whereby the District Engineers tookover full control of the programme implementation to suchan extent that some of them questioned the presence of theHELVETAS management support to the programme.Theoretically the District Engineer is not an administra-tive personnel. But the fact of being the head of an of-fice makes him to an administrative person. For this rea-son he finds it difficult to acquaint himself with theconditions met on the various project sites. This situa-tion is further exacerbated by the lack of technical staff(engineers and overseers) in most of the DWSO- Furthermorein districts without any 'CWSS trained Overseer or Engi-neers the programme had to accept serious set backs eitherin programme implementation rate or in the field of commu-nity participation approach.:With conducting a basic foreman course at the begin of thefinancial year' 1989/90 and the subsequence employment of

* the successful trainees as temporary employees of HMG inJanuary 1990 all the vacant posts for WSSTs could befilled. However this new intake of WSSTs are still inexpe-rienced and they are required to work together with asenior WSST. Henceforth the programme is still faced witha shortage of experienced technicians. This situation isfurther worsened by the manpower demand of the RWSS pro-gramme Lumbini Zone

3.9.2 HELVETAS Staff

According to the agreement HELVETAS provides management sup-port to the CWSS programme with the following kind of staff:

- One expatriate engineer who took over the post of aProject Co-Manager in June 1989

- One civil engineer who was promoted to deputy ProjectCo-Manager in Ouly 1989

- One civil engineer employed with HELVETAS since July1989 as O&M ~ Unit Coordinator and in charge of conduct-ing all technician training courses.

- One Sociologist, who is responsible for the communicationaspects but also coordinates all training activities.

. • - One Women Involvement Programme Coordinator. UntilSeptember 1989 this post was kept by a part time advi-

CWSSP WESTERN REGION . . Annual Report 1989/90 2£L

sor, but HELVETAS was not able to fill the vacant postuntil July 1990.

- One Women Involvement.Programme Officer responsible tocarry out the actual field activities and to superviseand train the newly employed Woman Workers. The WIPOfficer is assisted in her task by a WIP Officer(Trainee).

- The Chulo Programme is coordinated by a project assis-tant and supported by two Chulo Technicians.

- The Water Testing is carried out by a junior projectassistant.

4. CWSSP ANNUAL BUDGET• •

The approved CWSSP budget for the financial year 1989/90(ref. Annex VII,) shows slight deviations only from the origi-nal budget proposal worked out by the programme nfanagernent.The following budget items were adjusted as follows:

a) Salaries of CWSS staff was reduced by Rs 300,000, prob-ably because part of the salary for permanent employedstaff will be charged to a different DWSS heading.

b) TA/DA was reduced by R& 231,000 (32 percent reduction).Most likely reason for this reduction is the usual HMGattempt to cut expenditures. However this reduction to-gether with administrative inadequacies deprived a lotof the CWSS field staff of its well deserved al-lowances. A situation if further entertained will re-duce the motivation of the CWSS staff to a level wherethey are no more interested to work in the CWSSP.

c) Construction budget was reduced by Rs 1,241,000(7 percent reduction) probably as a result of the aus--

' * terity measures due to the transit problems between In-dia and Nepal. This measure did not affect the pro-gramme's performance at all since a lot of projectfunds remained unspent, if not utilized on other pro-jects, at the end of the financial year.

However it must be pointed out as compared to previous yearsin general the budget, proposal was not changed significantly.

5. LOGISTICS

5.1 Material Procurement

The list of Supply Call Forwards (SCF), as UNICEF's procure-ment orders are called, is given in Annex VIII. However thelist provides very little information on the actual kind andquantity of material procured. If more information are re-quired the reader is referred to the respective SCF or thematerial orders prepared by the CWSS programme office.From SCF 9144 onwards all orders have been placed in the lastfinancial year 1989/90. For SCF 9144, 9147, 9149 and 0030 thelist of materials requested were forwarded to UNICEFKathmandu in September 1989.

REGION .ftnPUaJ, Report 1989/90 21

Materials ordered on SCF 9144 and 9149 have been receivedwhereas materials ordered on SCF 9147 has been partly deliv-ered only. SOF 0030 is still being processed by UNICEF!Material orders from SCF 0020 (except SCF 0030) onwards havebeen placed in January 1990 but their processing was withhelduntil April 1990 due to delayed signing of the two years ex-tension of the fourth funding period.In general material orders handled by UNICEF Kathmandu areprocessed in a somehow acceptable manner although there arethree cases where the ordering was unduly delayed. This com-ment refers to two small but urgently required items forwhich even after 9 month of requesting for the material noorders have been placed, and one order which is in processsince Septembei 1989!.Material procurement handled by UNICEF Denmark is okay aslong as they are standard items. However procurement of non-standard items lets a lot to be desired to say 'the least.During the period of review seven procurement complains hadto be lodged by the CWSS Office Pokhara four of them directlyrelated to the way UNICEF Denmark is handling the procure-ment.Keeping trace of the quality and quantity of material actu-ally delivered to the HMG/CWSS store as against the materialorders has not been as smooth as it could be, although UNICEFKathmandu promised several times to improve the deliverysystem.

5.2 Statement of Account

On Annex VIII (lifting all the Supply Call Forwards and Cash.Call Forwards) an; approximate statement of expenditures hasbeen prepared by UNICEF Nepal. However the CWSSP/HU_V£I A3programme management is not able to verify the correctness ofthe figures due to the following observed irregularities:

a) Phase III Funding Period was closed with an unspentamount of USD 723,000 (ref. Final Report on third fund-ing period prepared by UNICEF Kathmandu, January 1989).In his memo to SDC Bern, Mr. Sooby of UNICEF New Yorkclaims an overspending on Phase III of USD 90,000!

b) All Cash Call Forwards related to Salaries and Al-lowances include expenditures incurred for Area Spe-cific Projects, which are not funded by the Swiss Gov-ernment, therefore the accounts need to be adjusted ac-cordingly. The same holds true for materials issued toArea Specific Projects.

c) Supply Call Forward 542 was raised for 7000 bags ofCement but only 5199 were received the rest wasdiverted to other regions - but the account was neveradjusted.

d) Supply Call Forwards 9072 and 9013 are for 8000 bags ofcement although CWSS Pokhara ordered 6000 bags only!UNICEF Kathmandu delivered 3000 bags only without ad-justing the accounts as required.

CWSSP WESTERN, REQIQN Annual Report 198?/'JQ 22.

e) SCF 9144 is for 2000 bags of cement but 1000 bags wareordered and delivered only. Again the account is notadjusted accordingly.

5.3 Transportation

For the time of His Majesty's visit to the Western Region I,heold truck was assigned to the royal camp, for the rest of theyear the two UNICEF trucks were available to the CWSS pro-gramme. The third UNICEF truck belonging to the CWOCP .tparked in the MLD yard unused and slowly but surely disinte-grating. From the donors point of view this is a most de-plorable situation the more as at the same time MOF requestedUNTCEF tcprocure an other truck.UNICEF and DWSS should request the authorities concerned tore-consider their decision and to handover the trunk to DWSSfor further use by the CWSSP. . *

5.4 Stores

At the end of each financial year a stock checking and veri-fication exercise is carried out which involves the RegionalDirectorate, the DWSS Store Keepers assigned to the CWSSstore and HELVETAS. The just now completed store checking forthe financial year 1989/90 reveals once more that in generalthe store is maintained and operated above an expected level.Issuing of Dakhila Reports for goods received are often de-layed, a problem which causes some problems with UNICEF"s ac-counting section, since they are not able to book the expen-diture incurred on t,he donors account.A lot of cement had been damaged due to unsuitable storage'facilities. It must be born in mind that this wastage of re-sources could have been avoided if the cement store, financedand constructed by CWSS programme and presently not utilizedat all by MLD, would have been handed over to DWSS for fur-ther use by the programme.As in the case of the truck the same authority should be re-quested to take the necessary action so that the store can beutilized again by the CWSSP.

6. VARIOUS

6.1 F1NNIDA Project

The Rural Water Supply and' Sanitation Programme (RWSS) forLumbini Zone a FINNIDA supported water and sanitation pro-gramme has officially started its activities on the 1st Jan-uary 1990. At present they are covering 3 District namelyGulini, Argha-Khanchi and Rupandeh. Until middle of 1991 thewhole Lumbini Zone will be covered by the new programme.The finish Consultant "Suunnittelukeskus oy" responsible forthe programme implementation established its office atButhwal. Both programmes the RWSS and the CWSS are based on

CWSSP_WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90

the "community participation approach" although the mode ofimplementation may vary considerably between the two pro-grammes.

Visitors

In the past year our project was again visited by quite anumber of persons who took keen interest in our work and insome cases did not hesitate to visit some projects in thefield.

a) HELVETAS/SDC orA.S.B.HP.K.0.M.Y.H.L.

Wiederkehr•BlumDolfSchmidUpadhyayaPfisterSharmaFauyereBoniNamaste

UNICEF Kathrnandu staffNepal Desk Officer,Information Section,Programme DirectorSuccessor of B. DolfDty. Programme DirectorAudi tor/Financial Adv.Audi torHead of WES Sectioni/c of WI + Sanitation

HELVETASHLLVLIBSHELVETASHELVETASHELVETASSDC NepalSDC NepalUNICEFUNICEF NepalUNICEF Nepal

ZurichI. u i • i c hNepalNepalNepal

b) Non programme related visitors and foreign guestsL. Ulman UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador SwedenH. Schoch Journalist SwitzerlandA. Sadhu Price Waterhouse IndiaI. Majhi , Chartered Accountants IndiaB. Rajbhandari Calcutta & Kathrnandu Nepal

CWSSP WESTERN REQ1QN, Annual Report 1 93'~>/90 24.

7 PROPOSED ACTIVITIES FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 1990/91

7.01 Introduction

It is anticipated that the following two occurrences willhave a great impact on the programme implementation:

~ general election- replacement of all District Engineers

The proposed activities for the financial year 1990/91 musttake due consideration of these facts if the plan shall re-main realistic.

7.02 Institutional Arrangements

No changes are envisaged on the institutional sat-up. Theworking procedures established during the past two years willbe continued but the set-up is flexible enough to' cater foradjustments if required. Further strengthening of the set-upand development of the programme concept depends on the waythe new project implementation rules are applied.

7.03 Construction Programme ',

The number, name and type of projects whether carry over ornew to be taken up projects are listed in Annex III.From the total number of 19 carry over projects it is antici-pated that 14 projects will be completed and 5 will be againcarried over to. the financial year 1991/92. From the 15 pro-posed new to be taken up project it is anticipated that itwill not be feasible to commence with any construction activ-ities at all.The main reasons for this assumption is:

- no feasibility studies and detail designs are available- non availability of realistic dry season flow rates ofproposed sources

- construction material purchase is based on approved de-tail design, this is in deviation of the previouslymaintained material ordering system which was based onstatistical or to be more specific on guessing of theannual construction material requirements.

7.04 Feasibility Studies and Detail Designs

7.04.1 Feasibility Studies

For the IS new to be taken up water schemes feasibility stud-ies must be carried out. Furthermore to be able to effec-tively advice the District Development Board on whether aproject is feasible or not 2 to 3 additional "possible futureprojects" should be included in the work programme.

7.04.2 Detail Design

From the 19 carry over projects for nine projects the finaldesign must be prepared as a matter of urgency. Detail de.

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 ?,q

sign work on the 15 new to be taken up water schemes willcommence as soon as the feasibility study has been approvedand the scheme has been rated as feasible.

7.05 Operation and Maintenance

7.05.1 Q&M Promotional Campaigns

This activity will continue as in the past financial year.Cr 1 tical ,vi 1 lacjes will be re-visited to assess their perfor-mance and developments in regard of coping with the Q&M re-quirements. All in all it is proposed to visit and cat i\> outpromotional campaigns in 100 schemes out of which 40 will befollow up cases.

7.05.2 Repair Requests. , • ' ' . / • ' •

As mentioned in chapter 3.2.3 there are 15 to 20 pending re-pair requests which need to be acted upon. Other repair re-quest if genuine will be dealt on merit.

7.06 Health Education and Sanitation

In 1982 the CWSS programme issued a sanitation handbook writ-ten by Martin Strauss which proved to be popular not onlywith out staff but many other organizations and individuals.It is proposed to amend this handbook and up date it wherenecessary.

7.06.1 Household Latrines

> Construction of household latrines will continue within theframework of the Woman Involvement Programme. Technicians arestill encouraged to build their own latrines at the projectsites which should serve as an example.

7.06.2 School Latrines

Although a revised school latrine design is available it isnot intended to increase the output of school latrine due tolack of an educational support concept.It is anticipated to construct 10 to 15 school latrinesmostly in villages were the water schemes have just been com-pleted or are due for completion within the next constructionseason. ; .

7.07 Training Programme

Since about two years there is the feeling that the presentlyutilized CWSSP training concept needs to be revised. However

'•••' any new training concept must take into consideration the newinstitutional arrangements in general but especial the train-ing policy formulated by the Human Resources Section of DW3S.At the present time the DWSS training policy is not yet suf-ficiently substantiated to warrant a change of the CWSSP

CWSSP WESTERN Annual Report 1989/90

training policy. In addition ths shape of a future WIP willhave its impact and requirements on a revised CWSS trainingconcept.For these reasons it is proposed to run our "traditional"training programme as outlines in Annex IX with the followingexception. Courses or workshops which promote tha under-standing on village participation shall be given higher pti-ority as in the past like:

~ Users Committee workshops shall be conducted whereverpossible

- A programme regarding the implementation and successful).operation of a water scheme through active communityparticipation with special emphasis on the informationneeds of the beneficiaries shall be conceived anddeveloped.

7.08 women Involvement Programme - *

The Women Involvement Programme will continue to work in thevillages attended last year. With the five woman workers nowentering their second year of employment it will be possibleto take up the WIP in some few new villages. Possible candi-dates are listed below but no decision has been taken yet re-garding the number and villages to be included into the an-nual plan of activities:

District Village

MyagdiKaskiParbatLamjung

DobaSiklisKhurkot SubeditharKolki Tasyo

Except for Doba the other proposed three Villages have an ex-isting water scheme which was either recently rehabilitatedor will be rehabilitated in the corning construction season.The selection is done with the view of gaining experience andif possible to extend in future the women involvement pro-gramme to already existing water schemes.It was proposed to evaluate the different Women InvolvementProgramme Approaches presently implemented within the CWSSPof UN1CEF Nepal. The evaluation should be carried out at thebegin of 1991 as to enable its result to be incorporated intoa possible future CWSSP funding phase for the Western Region.

7.09 Manpower

To be able to achieve the programmes objectives as well as tofulfill the above outlined work activities during the 1990/91construction season it will definitely be necessary to fillall the available posts. Special emphasis will be given tothe assignment of CWG3 staff to CWSS projects and that theyare actually utilized on such projects.

CWSSP WESTERN REGJIQN Annual Report 1989/90 27

At the RO level the proposed institutional arrangement shouldbe vigorously followed up and implemented by the DWGS Head-quarters since it will enhance the RD's capacities in regardto planning, monitoring and last but not least in the fieldof training.

7.10 Supplies and Stores

For the Carry over projects material orders have been placedduring the last financial year *nd which at prest-nt time areprocessed by UNICEF Kathmandu. For not project specificitems, material orders will be prepared and issued to UNICEFKathmandu for further action as usual at the begin of 1991.Project* specific material will be ordered in bulk after hav-ing received and approved the detail designs of the "new tobe taken up projects".

7.11 Transport ;

In the coming financial year 1991/92 HELVETAS will cease towork in the Lumbini Zone since the FINNIDA supported RuralWater Supply and Sanitation, Programme will until then coverthe whole Zone with its activities. With this development inmind there is neither a felt need nor any other justificationto procure an additional vehicle.

7.12 Budget

The original budget ceiling envisaged that 1.8 water supplyprojects should be taken up in the financial year 1990/91.This number- was later reduced to 15 projects and based on

*" this revised number the budget proposal was worked out.The official budget compares well with the budget proposal asgiven in Annex X, with the following exceptions:

- UNICEF kind contribution for water schemes was cut by 20percent, a measure which can not be fully appreciatedsince it is a pure cosmetic action to lower the overallbudget amount.

- The heading which contained the CWSSP training budvn-v.was completely deleted.

7.13 New Activities

I he following field activities could be envisaged to be in-cluded in the overall programme concept:

a) Hydrological Unit

The steady increasing population, the spreading of rice .xc.' main staple food are just some few examples which cause a

heavy strops on the Avai labl.es wattu' ':oun r,1:, uhiih .ii t* ut ilized for irrigation as well as for dowiestic purpose. Al-though Nepal in owneral is receiving a lot. of precipita-tion its distribution is very uneven e.g. in somo aieas upto 80 percent of thu annual rainfall is received dm ingthe monsoon period from June to September.

CIMSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Resort J.989/9Q 23.

In addition the geological condition do not favour a greatwater retention. These two factors are the main contribu-tors that the yield of most sources sharply declines afterthe end of the monsoon period and a lot of sources arenear to its dry season yield already at the end ofDecember.Source disputes for water supply projects are more commonthan in the past. Owner of potential water supply sourcesfear that if they give away the source, in a dry year,they will not be able to plant their rice crops.Water schemes which are not able to met the water demandduring the dry season, delayed implementation of waterschemes due to source selection difficulties etc. Cheabove-mentioned examples of source relented problems is byfar not complete. It points to a very unsatisfactory situ-tion in regard to water resource management not onlywithin the CWS3P but in the water supply sector ingeneral.Therefore it is proposed to establish on Regional level a"Hydrological - Unit" which will monitor existing utilizedsources and assess the potential of future water supplysources. ,

b) Water Quality Surveillance

As mentioned in chapter 3.8 water quality assessment isdone on a random basis only without any statistical rele-ance. Furthermore at present only bacteriological watertesting is carried out. In the past this approach was ap-ropriate since no water treatment was provided on CWS3schemes.

t However operational problems on existing water suppliesindicate that the water should also be chemically analyzedto minimize operational problems. Furthermore althoughfertilizer and insecticide are at present not widely usedin Nepal its usage is gradually increasing. Taking intoconsideration that most source - intakes are locatedwithin agricultural used land the introduction of routinewater quality surveillance seems to be justified.It is therefore proposed to establish on Regional level a"Water Quality Surveillance - Unity" which will be able tocarry out on a statistically required number of schemes(e.g. 30 water supplies) bacteriological and a number ofrelevant chemical water tests.

As part of institution building both proposed units shall bestaffed with HMG-CWSS technicians which have undergone spe-cial training in their field of activities.

Pokhara, October 1990 Kurt MullerProject Co-Manager

REPORT

CWSSP WESTERN REGION

WORK SCHEDULE for the 1989/90

ZONE Name ofProject

District

PHAULAGBaglung

MyagdiParbat

GANDAKIKaskiTanahunLamjung

Syangja

Gorkha

LU^BINIPalpaGulmi

Nawalj/ParasiArgha -Khanchi

DHAULAGBaglungParbatMyagdi

GANDAKITanahu

TR1AmalachourBungadobhan 1/2MalikaDhobaLunkhu #DeuraliLimithana

BhachokKotaKunchhaNalmaChang ChangcliSatupasalKilung DeuraliGhyalchowk

Dobhan 3+8Harrachour/Bishukharka

GaidakotPrasauniDharapaniHansapur

IRIBungadobhan 8Khurkot LampataGhatan

Kihunbadahar

DesignPopula-tion

AnnualL Rsoort 1989/90

CONSTRUCTION

No.ofTaps

Systemlengthin km

A.j ) Ca,rrv Over: NEW

9801060660550

2330930

1015143026001280276019401068947

750

2695

530142122301940

770201013oO

1670

1210111044

. 23

16 ;2728154629 '3117

10

35

10172725

Carry

82716

12

5.25.83.64.811.26.8

6.59.734.911.018.08.79.27.7

6.5

17.7

10.010.020.111.9

SEASON

Cost per WorkCapita

NC

PROJECTS

5845226071013621767

651534684688

366728639

960

674

1033887702490

star-ted(year)

1988/891987/881987/881987/881987/881986/87

1988/8*91988/891985/861987/881985/861987/881988/891988/89

1988/89

1988/89

1987/881988/891986/871987/88

Anne*; \/\

ProgressJuly 90

in %

809510010085100

10010010010045100100100

100

75

10010083100

Over: REHABILITATION PROJECTS

5.98.36.0

12.7

741469536

526

1987/881987/881987/88

1987/88

100100100

50

CW£§P WESTERN, REGION

WORK SCHEDULE for the

ZONE Name ofProject

District

LUMBINIGulmi Hardeeneta1>

1989/90

DesignPopula-tion

Bi }

3121

Annua1 ReDor

CONSTRUCTION

No.- ofTaps

Systemlengthin km

Taken,— U D thi:

33 16.9

t 1989/9Q

SEASON (cont.)

Cost per WorkCapita started

NC (year)

^ Financial Year;

762 1989/90

Annex 1/2

ProgressJuly 90

in %

NE.W PROJECT

S

&2) Takon-Up this Financial Year:REHABILITATION PROJECTS

DHAULAGIRIBaglung Malika

LaharepipalMyagdi BadukParbat Khurkot

Subedithar

GANDAKT •Kaski Ghachok

TinrnanetariSiklis/Parch©Hemja1>

Tanahun Jyamrukot-Bahep,Liimjung Bhalayakharka

Kolki TasyoGorkha Tarangar/

Chhepetari Simjung 1+2

LUMBINIPalpa RupseGulmi Turang/Remi

Gwadi1J

No design receivedDesign received but returned to DWSO

Design received but returned to DWSO

00

Dasign received but returned to DWSO 0Design received but returned to DWSO 0Constr. of emergency river crossing, laterthe project was dropped for various reasonsNo design received 0Design received but returned to DWSO 0Design received but returned to DWSO 0

1746867

IS6

4.43.4

475709

1989/901989/90

Small system with 3 Taps compl.lt,27 14 7.5 727 1989/90Repl. of sub-standard PE pipes

50100

10100100

Note: 1) Non 1i*t•d project*

CWSSP WESTERN REGION

LIST OF

ZONE

PROJECTS COMPLETED in

Name ofProject

District

QHAULAG:BaglungMyagdiParbat

QANDAKIKaskiTanahunLamjung

Syangja

Gorkha

LUMBINIPalpaNawal-Parasi

MalikaDhobaLimithana

BhachokKotaKunchhaNalmaSatupasalKilung DeuraliGhyalchowk

Dobhan 3+8GaidakotPrasauni

PHAULAGTRIBaglungParbatMyagdi

QANDAKIGorkha

LUMBINIGulrni

T 0 T AAverage

Bungadobhan 8

DesignPopula-tion

A4 ) Car

660

550930

101514302600128019401068947

7505301421

f\2 }

770Khurkot Lampata 2010Ghatan

Simjung 1+2

Turang/RemiGwadi1>

Lof 18 schemes:

13bO

Bz)

AnnuajL Report 1989/90

1989/90 Financial Year

No.- ofTaps

Systemlengthin km

•ry Over: NEW 1

111023

1627281 5 •:293117

.. l

101017

Carry

82716

3.64.86.8

6.59.7

34.911.08.79.27.7

6.510.010.0

Cost perCapi ta

NC

PROJECTS

60 7

1013767

651534

684688366728639

9601033887

Workstarted(year)

1987/881987/881986/87

1988/891988/891985/861987/881987/881988/891988/89

1988/891987/881988/89

Annex IT/I

Progress3uly 90

in %

100100100

100100100100100100100

100100100

Over: REHABILITATION PRflJFCTS

5.98.36.0

Taken-Up this

741469536

1987/881987/881987/88

Financial Year:REHABILITATION PROJECTS

867

•

1627Repl

217551209

6

14

3.4

7.5

709

111

1989/90

1989/90.. of sub-standard PE pipes

31518

160.58.9 708

100100100

100

100100

N o t e : E x c l u d i n g A r e a S p e c i f i c P r o j e c t s

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 .Annex III/I

WORK SCHEDULE for the 1990/91 CONSTRUCTION SEASON

ZONE Name of Design No. System Cost per Work ProgressProject , Popula- of length Capita started July 90

District tion Taps in km NC (year) in %

flu) C# r r v Qvftr: N E M PROJECTSPJHAULAGIRIBaglung Amalachour 980 12 5.2 584 1988/89 80

Bungadobhan 1/2 1060 10 5.8 522 1987/88 95Parbat Lunkhu Deurali 2330 44 11.2 621 1987/88 85

Syangja Chang Changdi

LUMBINIGulmi Harrachour/

BishukharkaGulmi Hardeeneta ,Argha- DharapaniKhanchi Hansapur

DHAULAGIRI

2760

2695312122301940

f\t ̂ Carrv

46

35332725

Ova

18.0

j'

17.716.920.111.9

674762702490

1985/86

e

1988/891989/901986/871987/88

r: REHABILITATION PROJECTS

45

755

85100

Baglung MalikaLaharepipal

Myagdi BadukParbat Khurkot ' •* •

Subedithar

QANDAKIKaski Ghachok

TinmanetariSiklis/Parche

Tanahun Jyamrukot-BahepKihunbadahar

Lamjung BhalayakharkaKolki Tasyo

Gorkha Tarangar/Chhepetar

I tJMRTNTPalpa Rupse

No design receivedDesign received but returned to DWSO

Design received but returned to DWSO

Design received but returned to DWSODesign received but returned to DWSONo design received

1670 12 12.7 526 1987/88Design received but returned to DWCODesign received but returned to DWCO

1746 15 4.4 475 1989/90

00

Small system with 3 Taps compl

00O5000

50

10

CWGJJP WESTERN REGION Annual 1989/90 Annex IIT/2

WORK SCHEDULE for the 1990/91 CONSTRUCTION SEASON (cont.)

ZONE

District

Nam© ofProject

Design No.Popula- oftion Taps

Systemlengthin km

Cost perCapita

NC

Workstarted(year)

ProgressJuly 90

in %

Bl To be Takan-UD: NEW PROJECTS

DHAULAG1RIBaglungPar Pat

Myagdi

GANDAKIKaskiTanahun

LamjungSyangja

Gorkha

Bhakunde 1Pakuwa tiandanaMallaj MajhphatChimkhola

Bharat Pokhari 1+2ShyamghaPulung DeuraliBangre BhorletarSwarkPakawadiBorlang 1-5Tandrang

For all these projects feasibilitystudies and detail designs are re-quired prior to commencement of anyconstruction work.Furthermore a one year time laps isrequired between design and imlemen-tation for project specific procure-ment.

PaipaGulmiNawal-Parasi

Bandi PokharaMalaya Giri

Ruchang

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 Annex Iv/l

List of Approved Minor Repair Request

District Project Name Work done UN1CEFContribu-tion (Rs)

Kaski

Gorkha

Tanahun

Gulrni

Myagdi

Kalika W.No.7&9

Bharat PokhariW.No.3 Simtari

Rakhi W.No.2,3,7& 3

Lukumswara

Arwa BijapurW.No.6.

Dhiprang

Ham ja

Gakhu

Tharpu

Balithum

Gwadi

Barangja

Reservoir leakage,new Cleaning Out &Tapstand

Tapstand, Valve-Chamber

Source, Airvalve,Tapstand repair

Pipeline, Tapstand,and Fittings (land-slide)

Pipeline (landslide)Tapstands, Valve-Chamber

Drain pipe

Emergency River-crossing

Change of float valves

Fencing, Valve,Tapstand

Minor repair of BPTsand change of floatvalves

Replacement of Sub-standard pipes

Pipeline, Tapstands

6,274

2,673

4,886

17,519

58

5

6

,754

,928

N/A

,296

11,908

26,332

N/A

18,930

CWSSP WES REGION Annual Report /90 V/l

SUMMARY of the 1989/90 TRAINING ACTIVITIES

Type of Course Cou rsePeriod/Duration

NumberofTrainees

TotalCost i)in NC

Majorwi th:

subjects dealt

Basic ForemenTrainingCourse 1 + 2

07 Aug-29 Sep8 weeks

33 83,495 New intake of trainees-Introduction to the CWSSprogramme in general andwater supply componentsin particular. Practicalfield training at Kotre

Up-grading &Final ForemanTraining

FerrocementStorage TankTraining

Health Educa-tion & Sanita-tion Training

.13 Aug06 Oct8 weeks

27 Aug19 Sep4 weeks

03 Sep29 Sep4 weeks

10

Woman Workers 10 SepTraining 29 Sepin cooperation 3 weekswith UNICEF Kathrnandu

Household 05 Novlatrine 17 NovTraining 2 weeks

Village Main- 12 Febtenance Workers 13 Mar(VMW) Training 4 weeks

8

19

22

49

37,500 Refresher course on CWSSStandard structures andwater supply in generalpractical field trainingat Lalim *

11,480 Teaching of working tech-nics on farrocementstructure. 20 m3 tankfor Laiim water supply

33,570 Teaching on what arewater resp. sanitationrelatad diseases and howto reduce their incidenceTeaching the taughtsubjects to the schoolchildien. Building of twoschool latrines at Memja

9,600 Introduction course forthe newly employed WWsto the Women Involvementand Sanitation ProgrammeCourse venue: Kathrnandu

15,320 Teaching on what arewater resp. sanitationrelated diseases and howto reduce their incidenceConstruction of 16 house-hold latrines in Kotre

83,190 Introduction to CWSS Q&Mapproach, repair and re-construction of watersupply components.Learning by doing -rehabilitation of twocomplete small waterschemes at Shera andGahate at Suinkhet

Women Involve-ment ProgrammeWorkshop

04 Mar12 Mar1 week

10

Note: 1

17,720 Orientation workshop forwoman members of theusers committee, withspecial emphasis on womeninvolvement. Introductionto topics like health,hygiene, Q&M of waterschemes.

A d i » i n i 8 t r a t i v « a n d o y t r h t i d c o * t « o n l y . C o n s t r u c t i o nm a t e r i a l , t o o l * a n d c o m m u n i t y l a b o u r c o s t s a r e n o t i n c l u d e d

CWSSP WE2TE.RN REGION Annual

List of HMG/DWS^ and HELVETAS Staff (1

I) HMG/DWSS Staff

ai R e a i o n a l D i r e c t o r a t e ( f o r C W S S }

Poshan Hath NepalBuddhi Prakash GautaiSrawan Kuiar UpadhyayaBal Krishna ShiriaRai Prasad TiiilsinaRupendra GiriRajendra ShresthaAdiwustrative Staff

b) District Suoplv Offices (for CWS

Kaski: Arun Kuiar RanjitkarShrawan Kunar UpadhyayaBharat Raj KiralaNarayan Prasad KhanalBuddhi Prakash GantaiHari Krishna PoudelOihari TanrakarNarayan Prasad TiiilsinaHahesh GautanPrakash Ranan PoudelNirbachan Kuiar Shrestha*) .Rai Prasad ChoudhariBishnu Prasad ShresthaBinod PudasainiShivahari Acharya*)Shanker Prasad Adhikari*)Rabi Mohan Koirala •

• Rajendra Legal

Tanahun: Khon Bahadur SubediRam Chandra DevkotaRadha Krishna ChoudhariRosta Raj ChhetriHot Hath GhinireBal Krishna Pandit*)Rajendra ShresthaSita Rai Pandey

Lanjung: Rajendra Kunar RegaiLi la Prasad Dhakal

• Achut Prasad PoudelShekhar Nath KhanalDilip Kunar GasiBuddhi Prasad PandeyThakur Prasad Khanal

Gorkha: Ram Krishna SherchandArjun Bahadur ChhetriDhan Bahadur TaiangShanbhu Hari BaidhyaPren Bahadur ThapaAshok Ku»ar ThapaSailendra Kunar JhaBijaya Rai AiatyaKrishna Prasad Jaiarkattel*)

Reoort 1989/90

989/90}

Regional DirectorAsst. Engineer (part tiie]Asst. Engineer (part tine)Accountant (part tiie)Na.Su. (Adiinistration)fStorekeeperStorekeeper(part tiie)

District EngineerAsst. EngineerAsst. EngineerAsst. EngineerAsst. EngineerAsst. EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer (Area Spec.Pro.)OverseerOverseer

District EngineerAsst. EngineerAsst. EngineerOverseerOverseer •OverseerOverseerOverseer

District Engineer (Act.)Asst. EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer

District Engineer (Act.)Asst. EngineerAsst. EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer

Annex VI/I

Syangja: Arun Kuiar Siikhada District Engineer (Act.)

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 Annex Vl/2

Parbat:

Baglung;

Hyagdi:

Palpa:

Gulli:

Argha-Khanchi:

8anal-Parasi:

Buddhi Bahadur Dhakalhahendra Raj AcharyaChandreshMor Prasad SahGhanashyai ChoudharyRai Saran AdhikariAchhung Ghale*)

Ashok Nath UprstiPnatte Bahadur ChhetriRojal PradhanJanak Raj PoudelRaiesh Kuiar fihandariSubba Gurung*)Nava Raj Banjade

Badri Govinda Rajkarnikar'Goyinda Bahadur ShresthaKrishna Bahadur Bogati*)Shiva Bahadur ArgalChiranjibi SudaiKrishna Prasad BanstolaTilak Neupane

Shiva Bahadur KarkiIshowari Prasad ShanaKutod Lai KamaKul Prasad ShanaShyai thakali

Raj Kuiar MallaAnil Bhadra KhanalRai Bandhu RegtiPushpa Nidhi Neupane*)Hohan Bahadur GyawaliBindeshMori Prasad YadavRat Bahadur KhadkaShanker ThapaSharan Das Dhakal

Bishnu Prasad ShanaGajendra Singh Pun*)Prabhu Narayan ChourdhariKrishna Prasad ftryal

Bishnu Hani GyawaliIshwori Prasad PoudelSashi Dhar AcharyaJhalak Prasad Bhusal*)Ram Dev ThakurBabu Rat fiiriKishor PanthiHatrika Prasad Gautai

Dhan Prasad ShresthaRan Lai PradhanMadhab Prasad PahadiKaiendra Kunar KamalAnanda Lai ChoudhariKaial Bahadur HaskeyDevi Prasad PathakChabilal PathakKuiod Lai KamaSailendra Kuiar Jha

OverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer

District EngineerAsst. EngineerAsst. EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer

District EngineerAsst. EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseer ,OverseerOverseer

District Engineer (Act.)OverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer

District EngineerAsst. EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer

District EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseer

District EngineerAsst. EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer

District EngineerAsst. EngineerAsst. EngineerAsst. EngineerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseerOverseer

Hote: *) For«r HPLD/CWSSP (out of 16 CUSS Overseer 12 are still with DWSS Kestern Region the othershave left or are undergoing further training).

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/9Q Annex VI/3

II) HELVETAS Staff

Kurt hullerShana, ChidanandaPun, lian B.

Gurung, Lekh B.

Judith Schwierin

Gurung, Kubir J,

Gurunfl, yai K.

Saraswati Kanal-

Gurung, Dil 6.

Gurung, Bhadra 8.Acharya, Bhanu 8,Thapa, Padai B.

Project Co-HanagerDeputy Project Co-ManagerTraining 4 CouunicationUnit CoordinatorOperation 1 MaintenanceUnit CoordinatorWoien Involveient PrograueCoordinator (till Sept.90 after vacant)Accountant/ProcureientOfficerWoien Involveiint PrograueOfficerHoien Involveient PrograueOfficer (Trainee since Jan. 90)Uboratory/AdiinistrativeAssistantChulo TechnicianChulo TechnicianDriver

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 Annex VII/I

APPROVED CWSSP BUDGET for the FINANCIAL YEAR 1989/90

S e c t o r : W A T E R S U P P L Y & S A N I T A T I O NFUNDS PROVIDED BY: H M G U N I C E F

I t e m D e s c r i p t i o n RD Dist. Cash Kind

1234.14.25.6.7.17.27.3.17.3.27.5.18.19.10.110.210.311.112.112.2

SalariesAllowancesTA/DAServices

RentMaintenanceOffice EquipmentMagazines .Transport, FuelOther FuelOther MaterialsTrainingContingencyFurnitureTransport, VehiclesMachinery & EquipmentLand PurchaseBuilding ConstructionOther Construction

RD Level:

1,320,000265,000495,00025,00030,000125,00075,00025,0001,000

125,0002,00010,000

2,000

700.000

1603260

,000.000,000

50

100

.000

,000

200,000 765,000

1,080,000550,000

700,000District Level: 5,454,000 8,680,000

TOTAL CWSSP BUDGET iTioV.OOO 5,454,000 452,000 11,925,000

HMG FUNDS: 8,654,000UNICEF FUNDS: 12,377,000

GRAND TOTAL 21,031,000

\reports\annr90_x

CNSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 Annex VII/1

APPROVED CNSSP CONSTRUCTION BUDGET for the FINANCIAL YEAR 1989/90 (in 1000 NC): : : :

Zone

G

Aun

D

Ay

I

I

ftV

HAULA

a

iRI

:::

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

"'District

Gorkha

Laijung-

Tanahun

Kaski

Syangja

Myagdi

Parbat

Baglung

Project

GhyalchowkTaranagar/ChhepetarSiljung 1+2Lapra (Design only)Repair I Maintenance

KunchhaNaliaKolki Tasyo.Bhalaya KharkaRepair I Maintenance

KotaKihunbadahareJyairukot BahepaniKesawtar (Design only)Maintenance

BhachokGhachok TinnanetarSiklis /ParcheMaintenance

Khilung DeuraliChhang ChangdiSatupasalMaintenance

GhatanDhobanBadukMaintenance

Khurkot UipataLiiithanaLunkhu DeuraliKhurkot SubeditarMaintenance

Bungadobhan 8,9Bungadobhan 1,2MalikaAialachourMalika LaharepipalMaintenance

Type ofProject

New Rehab

X

XX

X

X

XXX

X

XX

XXX

XX

XX

XX

XX

X

X

X

X

X

X

State ofProjectC/0

X

XX

XX

X

XXX

XX

XXX

XXXX

New

XX

XX

X

XX

X

X

X

1HMGNC

701251251012

5014012512512

1201251501013

14012515013

8014513513

16515015013

2057527020013

1601209013015013

J U D G EUNICEF

NC

70300200025

5029020020025

300420200025

16020030025

13030018025

10570

20025

2556539030025

1201408029020025

TTOTAL

NC

1404253251037

10043032532537

4205453501038

30032545038

21044531538

27022035038

46014066050038

28026017042035038

TOTfllHMGNC

342

452

418

428

37 S

478

763

663

PER DISTRICTUNICEF

HC

595

765

945

685

635

400

1,035

855

TOTALNC

937

1,217

1,363

1,113

1,008

878

1,798

1,518

• • " &

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 Annex VII/2

APPROVED CHSSP CONSTRUCTION BUDGET for the FINANCIAL YEAR 1989/90 (in 1000 NC)

Zom

I

li

u

Hft

b

I

uN

i

9 District

9 Palpa

10 Gulli

11 Argha-khanchi

12 NawalParasi

\reports\annr90_x

Project

Dobhan (3,8)RupseHungi (Design only)Maintenance

HarrachourTurang/ReiiMaintenance

•

HansapurDharapaniMaintenance

GaidakotPrasauniHupsekot (Design only)Maintenance

T O T A L

Type ofProject

New Rehab

XX

XX

XX

XX

20 16

State ofProject

C/0 New

XX

XX

XX

XX

1

24 12

HMGNC

1152001013

22020012

312180

302101012

5,454

B U D G EUNICEF

NC

170300025

41030025

14030025

301,015

025

8,680

TTOTAL

NC

2855001038

63050037

45248038

601,225

1037

14,134

TOTALHMGNC

338

432

505

*

262

5,454

PER DISTRICTUNICEF TOTAL

NC NC

495

735

465

1,070

8,680

833

1,167

970

1,332

14,134

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 Annex VIII/1_

SWISS FUNDING (PHASE IV)(BY TAD)

As of August I 1990

CFNO.

SUP

516542-543-546534-575

PLY

-11-1

•1

1

PARTICULARS

ASSISTANCE

CEMENTCEMENTHDP PIPESCAMPING EQUIPMENTGI PIPES, VALVES ETC.TYRES & TUBES

ISSUEDATE

1/874/334/884/334/885/33

TADEXPEND1TURE

4/8810/3310/3810/3310/8811/33

OFVALUEUS$X0OO"S

4.513.0

189.01.0

40.62.S

ACTUALEXPENSESUS$*000'S

4-523.0

215.31.8

40.61.2

SUBTOTAL SCF 1933 255.6 236.4

S93-1 WTORCYCLES S.PARTS 6/33 1/39 1.4542 2 CEMENT 7/88 3/89 13.536231 HARDWARE MATERIAL 10/33 1/39 15.98643-1 HDP PIPES 11/88 5/89 160.29013- 1 CEMENT 12/39 10/39 13.09014-1 BLOW TORCH & PLIERS 1/80 4/89 1.69017 1 GI PIPES, VALVES ETC. 6/80 6/39 37.39019-1 CAMPING EQUIPMENT, M.TAPE 1/89 6/89 1.99072 1 CEMENT 4/39 10/89 34.39091-1 PRINTING 5/69 6/89 4.09103- I HAND TOOLS ' 6/8.9 11/39 1.39109 1 GI FITTINGS VALVES ETC. 6/89 11/89 14.29110 1 HARDWARE MATERIALS 6/89 10/39 23.03132-1 SLAB FRAME 9/89 10/39 1.19144 1 CEMENT 12/39 17.3

0.513.5 *15.2

160.2 *23.23.4

37.34.2 *34.34.01.6

14.2 *23.2

1.017.3 *

SUBTOTAL SCF 1939 345.5 353.6

9147-1 DRAFTING EQUIPMENT9149-1 CAMPING EQUIPMENT0020 1 GI PIPES & FITTINGS0021 1 VALVES0027 1 CEMENT0030 1 VI RAX SPAREPARTS00311 HDP PIPES ANO FITTINGS0055 -1 CAMPING AND DRAWING EQUIP.0122-1 HARDWARE MATERIALS

10/8910/8902/9002/9002/9002/9002/9003/9003/90

03/9003/909/909/9010/908/909/909/9011/90

5.28.2

33.036.946.016.1

106.013.724.4

5.28.033.036.946.016.1

106.013.724.4

SUBTOTAL SCF 1990 239. b 269.3

GRAND TOTAL SCF 390.6 929.3

OWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90

CASH ASSISTANCE

036 1037-1038-1104 1132-1145-1147-1

9001-19002 19004 19008 19009-19010-19011-19012 19143-1

0054-10157 1OUb'f 10164 'Ib(J 63- 10062-1

CONTINGENCYSALARY & ALLOWANCES WSSTsOPERATIONALPRINTINGSMOKELESS CHULO Pf«OO & DIS'IBNCOMMUNITY LATRINE CONSTNTRAINING

SUBTOTAL CCF 1988

LATRINE CONSTRUCTION(COMMTY)PRINITNG (HES)TRAININGPRINTING (WES)BE COURSEOPERATIONAL EXPENSESCONTINGENCYSAL & ALLOW (WSSTs)SAL & ALLOW CHiia)

SUBTOTAL CCF 1989

SAL & ALLOW (WSST)POSTERING 'TRAININGHE PROMOTIONOPERATIONALCONTINGENCY

1/881/831/883/835/886/337/88

1/891/891/891/891/891/891/891/891/69

1/902/901/902/901/901/90

111111

12/8812/8312/3812/3312/8812/8312/88

12/8912/8912/8912/8912/8912/8912/8912/3912/89

2/902/902/902/902/902/90

5.010.55.06.05.05.014.0

49.5

1.04.010.04.08.010.05.08.04.0

51.0

9.030.020.010.09.05.0

0.29.30.21.10.37.6b.5

25.7

8.00.110.70.44.00.113.67.24.0

48.1

9.030.020.010.09.0S.O

*

*

*

*

*

SU8TOTAL CCF 1990

GRAND TOTAL CCF

TOTAL SUPPLY & CASH CALLED FORWARO 1

83.

133.

,074.

0

5

1 1

83

156

,08S

.0

.8

.1

ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE ONLY.

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 __' _ Annex VI1I/?

CALL FORWARDS CHARGED AGAINST PHASE III BUT REPORTED UNDER PHASE IV

CFNO.

SUPPL\

311-1334-1335-1338-1377-1378-1380-1387-1388-1419-1437-1467-1

PARTICULARS

' ASSISTANCE

FITTINGSGI PIPES AND UNIONSHUP PIPESGI PIPESFLANGE SET,GATE VALVE ETC.CAMPING EQUIPMENTHDP PIPES !CEMENTCEMENTTYRES & TUBESCEMENTHARDWARE ITEMS '

SUBTOTAL SCF 1987 & 1988

CASH ASSISTANCE

804-1805-1806-1871-1

CONTINGENCYOPERATIONALSALARY & ALLOWANCES WSSTsTRAINING

SUBTOTAL CCF 1987

TOTAL SCF AND CCF

ISSUEDATE

9/8611/8611/8611/863/873/875/873/873/875/877/8710/87

1/871/871/8710/87

•

TADEXPEN-DITURE

1 2/874/S72/871/878/878/8711/875/8710/0710/878/871/88

12/8712/8712/8712/87

CFVALUEUSSXOOO'S

0.72fi.332.09.0

13.01.7

225.014.017.82.54.224.2

370.4

5.05.019.512.0

41.5

411.9

ACTUALEXPENSESUSSXOOO'S

0.725.730.88.919.22.1

* 265.29.510.92.24.124.2

403.5

4.81.9

23.211.9

41.8

445.3

CW3SP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 AnnexlX/1

PROPOSED CWSS TRAINING PROGRAMME for 1990/91

Type of Training PeriodTarget Group and numberof Participants

A) TRAINING PROGRAMME PROPOSED AND INCLUDED IN THE BUDGET PROPOSAL 1990/91

1 Basic Foremen Jul.30 - Sep.23 20 newly selectedWSST-Trainees and

5 Women Workers

2 Upgrading Foremen

3 Ferrocement TankConstruction

Health Education &Sanitation(School Latrines)

CWSS ProgrammeOrientation to DWSS-Overseers

Household LatrineConstruction

7 . DWSS Asst. EngineersOrientation Workshop

8 CWSS Refresher Course

Jul.30 - Sep.23

Aug. 6 - Aug.26

Aug.19 - Sep.14

not yet decided

Oct.30 - Nov.16

not yet decided

not yet decided

CWSS Village Maintenance Feb.13 - Mar.14Worker (VMW)

10 Women InvolvementProgramme

Mar. 3 - Mar.11

20 WSSTs who attendedlast year the BasicForemen Course

10 WSSTs who have notyet received thistraining 4

15 WSSTs to be introducedto the new design

15 DWSS Overseers fromthe various DWSOs

5 newly selected WWs15 WSSTs who did not

attend any othertraining in 90

24 DWSS Asst. Engineersfrom the various DWSOs

24 CWSS WSSTs from thevarious DWSOs

45 to 50 VMWs fromvarious CWSS WaterSupplies

16 Women Members ofUsers Committees

CWS3P WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 AnnexIX/2

PROPOSED CWSS TRAINING PROGRAMME for 1990/91

Type of Training PeriodTarget Group and numberof Participants

B) TENTATIVE TRAINING PROGRAMME PROPOSED BUT NOT INCLUDED IN THE BUDGET 1990/91

not yet decided11 Trainers trainingfor WSSTs

12 Ferrocement TankConstruction

not yet decided

13 Project Coordination not yet decidedWorkshop ,

DWSS Village Maintenance Dec.30 - Jan.30Worker (VMW) :

15 DWSS Users CommitteeMembers Training

16 Maintenance Workshop

not yet decided

not yet decided

20 CWSS W3ST if possiblesenior technicians

12 DWSS plumbers workingat various DWSOs

72 CWSS U&ers CommitteeMembers, WSSTs, DWSQ-arid RD staff

30 VMW from variouscompleted DWSS Water-Supply schemes

30 DWSS Users CommitteeMembers from variuus .completed DWSS WaterSupply schemes

10 CWSS MaintenanceTechnicians

\reports\annr90_y

••'•M

CWSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 Annex X/l

PROPOSED CW;>3 PROGRAMME BUDGET for the FINANCIAL YEAR 1990/91 (2047/48)

Item

1.2.3.4.14.25.6.7.17.27.3.17.3.27.5.18.19.10.110.210.311.112.112.2

Sector:FUNDS PROVIDED BY:Description

SalariesAllowancesTA/DAServices

RentMaintenanceOffice EquipmentMagazinesTransport, FuelOther FuelOther MaterialsTrainingContingencyFurnitureTransport, VehiclesMachinery & EquipmeLand PurchaseBuilding ConstructionOther Construction

RD Level:District Level:

50848185503010075605

1501050

105010100

wH

RD

,080,390,750,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

,000,000,000,000

3

A TM G

E R

Dist.

974206523

102

,995

,183.916,578

,000

,000

S U PU N I

50

100

450

7,030

P L YC E FKind

,000

,000

0

,000

,000

sH

1011760

30

20

A N I T A T I O NH G U N I C E FRD Kind

,500,936,000

,0004

0

,000 100,000

TOTAL CWSSP BUDGET 1,442,220 5,801,676 7,630,000 229,436 100,000

JOTAL CWSSP BUDGET FOR WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION:1,671,656 5,801,676 7,730,000

HMG FUNDS: 7,473,332UNICEF FUNDS: 7,730,000

'•'__ Note: Budget for School latrines isincluded in the construction

GRAND TOTAL 15,203,332 budget for water supplies

\reports\annr90_z

CUSSP WESTERN REGION Annual Report 1989/90 Annex X/l

PROPOSED CWSSP CONSTRUCTION BUDGET for the FINANCIAL YEAR 1990/91 (in 1000 NC)

Zone

G

A

y

N

D

A

K

I

1

2

3

4

5

6

District

Hanang

Gorkha

Laijung

Tanahun

Kaski

Syangja

Project

RepairSurvey

Taranagar ChhepetarBorlang (Hard 1 - 5)TandrangRepairSurvey

•Kolki TasyoBhalaya KharkaBangre BhorletarRepairSurvey

KihunbadaharJyairukot BahepaniShyaighaPulung DeuraliRepairSurvey

Ghachok TinaanetarSiklis ParcheBharat Pokhari M 1-2RepairSurvey

Chang ChangdiSwarkPakawadiRepairSurvey

Type ofProject

New Rehab

XX

X

XX

X

XXX

X

XX

XX

XX

State ofProject

C/0

X

XX

XX

XX

X

Nen

XX

X

x(X

X

XX

1HHGNC

84

SO1001001524

1602001001524

100901001001524

90180801524

16090801524

\ U D G EUNICEF

NC

100

150240240200

260520240200

210130240240200

130260240200

260240240200

TTOTAL

NC

184

2003403403524

4205203403524

3102203403403524

2204403203524

4203303203524

TOTALHHGNC

12

289

499

429

389

369

PER DISTRICTUNICEF

NC

10

650

840

t

840

650

760

TOTALNC

22

939

1,339

1,269

1,039

1,129

CHSSP WESTERN REGION Annual

PROPOSED CMSSP (

Zone District

D

un

A

U

L

A

6

i

R

I

L

U

n

B

i

yN

i

7 Mustang

8 Myagdi

•

9 Parbat

10 Baglung

11 Palpa

12 Gul'ni

13 Argha-khanchi

14 NawalParasi

\reports\annr90 ,

:ONSTROCTION BUDGET for

: Project

RepairSurvey

BadukChukholiRepairSurvey

Lunkhu OeuraliKhurkot SubeditharPakuwa MandandaHallaj HajhphatRepairSurvey

Bungadobhan 2,1AialachourHalika LaharepipalBhakunde 1RepairSurvey

RupseBandi PokharaRepairSurvey

HarrachourHardeenetaMalaya GiriRepairSurvey

DharapaniHansapurRepairSurvey

RuchangRepairSurvey

T O T A L

I

Report 19B9/90

the FINANCIAL

Type ofProject

New Rehab

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XXX

Xx

X

23 11

YEAR 1990/91

State ofProject

C/0

X

XX

XXX

X

XX

XX

19

Hex

X

XX

i

X

X

X

X

IS

Annex X/2

(in 1000 NC)

HHGNC

84

180901524

202001001001524

2480601001524

16090IS24

502501001524

10101524

1001524

3,995

B U D G EUNICEF

NC

100

260240200

50260240240200

3013090

240200

230240200

50320240200

1020200

240200

7,030

TTOTAL

NC

184

4403303524

704603403403524

542101503403524

3903303524

1005703403524

20303524

3403524

11,025

TOTALHHGNC

12

309

459

303

289

439

59

139

3,995

PER DISTRICTUNICEF

NC

10

520

810

510

490

630

50

260

7,030r t> * • * » • » <

TOTALNC

22

829

1,269

813

779

1,069

109

399

11,025

RESIGN| ,GUIDELIN£ft... - _,,C.W,.S5£_ Region Annex XI

Implementation Flow - Chart for Water Supply Schemes Constructed with Community Participation

if not considered

: -vmay be consideredlater

if not feac ible

project is dropped

if not included

4-may bs consideredlater

Dlatriot Dev. Board

if considered

FEASIBILITY STUDY

if feasible

SURVEYDESIGNESTIMATE

District Dev.Construction

BoardProgr.

1f included

Procurement of Const-ruction Material

CONSTRUCTION OFWATER SUPPLY

HANDING-OVER OFCOMPLETED SCHEME

OPERATION ANDMAINTENANCE OFTHE SCHEME

Activities by thecommi ttee:

Support Programmes by:

Formation of userscommittee

Source ••lection, taplocations are decidedat this stage

CU: Educational input re-garding the rights andduties of the committee

WIP:Makes sure women areput into the committee.Explanation of the var-ious technical aspectsof a water scheme.

• s

Users committee shallapprove design+estimate.It is important that atthis stage a village as-sembly 1s conveyed

CU: Educational campaignson health, nutritionand sanitation.Explaining to thepopulation the compon-ents of a w/supply,the cost involved andthe expected physicalinput by the village.

WIP:Build up phase

Organization of commun-ity work, nomination ofVillage MaintenanceWorker (VMW)

Formation of 0 tcommittee i

Employment of VMWOrganization of commun-ity contribution 1nkind and/or cash to paythe VMVI and to keep thescheme 1n operationalcondition

CU: Educational campaignscontinuation. Specialprogrammes concerningOperation+Maintenance

WIP:Consol1dat1ng phase

WIPrPromotes the electionof women into thecommittee.Follow-up phaseSupport of 0 * Mcommittee

Note: CU: Communication Unit WIP: Women Involvement Programme