CDM methodologies for the agriculture sector

Rome, November 2014

Kenjiro Suzuki, Programme Officer,

Standard Setting Unit, SDM Programme, UNFCCC

•  160+ countries involved in the CDM •  World’s only truly global GHG mitigation mechanism •  To date, more than

a) 7,500 registered projects and 270 registered PoAs in 105 countries; b) 1.5 billion certified emission reductions (CERs) issued; c) 200 unique methodologies developed.

Introduction - CDM

Evolution of CDM: Programmes of Activities

Programmes of Activities (PoAs):

• A voluntary coordinated action by a private or public entity that coordinates and implements any policy/measure or stated goal, via an unlimited number of component project activities (like an “umbrella program”)

• 270 PoAs registered, 40% in Africa

• Benefits: a)  Reduce transaction costs; b)  Access to the CDM is extended to

smaller project activities; c)  Emission reductions can be

continuously scaled up after PoA registration.

Evolution of CDM: Standardized Baselines

Standardized Baselines:

• A baseline established for a Party or a group of Parties to facilitate the calculation of ER and removals and/or the determination of additionality, while ensuring environmental integrity

• Standardization shifts the focus from project level to sectoral level.

• 6 approved, 17 under consideration, others being developed (e.g. PSB0019: Philippines Rice)

• Benefits: a)  Reduce transaction costs; b)  Enhance transparency, objectivity and predictability; c)  Facilitate access to the CDM; d)  Scale up the abatement of GHG emissions; e)  Simplify MRV.

•  Relevant to a number of mechanisms: result based financing such as CDM, NAMAs and future market mechanisms.

CDM benefits for Agriculture GHG mitigation projects

•  Many of the measures aimed at reducing GHG emissions have other impacts (Co-benefits);

a)  Increasing crop productivity and improve food security;

b)  Supporting technology transfer; c)  Reducing pollution and odour from

waste/wastewater, etc.

•  Carbon credits are issued against performance – CDM offers a financial incentive to properly manage agricultural practices

CDM Methodologies for the Agriculture Sector

Type Sub-type Methodologies

GHG avoidance/destruction

Rice cultivation

AMS-III.AU (reduced CH4 by adjusted water management practice in rice cultivation)

Livestock AMS-III.BK (reduced CH4 by strategic feed supplementation for large ruminants)

Waste management

AMS-III.D, AMS-III.R, ACM0010, AM0073 (destruction of CH4 from animal manure) AMS-III.F and ACM0022 (Avoidance of CH4 through composting)…etc

Fertilizer AMS-III.BF (reduced N2O by use of Nitrogen Use Efficient seeds that require less fertilizer application) AMS-III.A (reduced CO2 by use of inoculant on legumes that displaces synthetic nitrogen fertilizers)

Mulching AMS-III.BE (reduced N2O and CH4 by mulching) Energy efficiency

AMS-II.P (energy efficient pumping) AMS-II.F (energy efficiency and fuel switching)

AMS-III.AU: Reduced CH4 in rice cultivation

•  Option 1: Measurements (reference field approach) a)  At least 3 reference fields to determine

baseline and project emission factor separately for each group of fields with the same cultivation pattern

b)  Measurements done via closed chambers.

•  To change the water regime during the cultivation period from continuously to intermittent flooded conditions and/or a shortened period of flooded conditions

•  Option 2: Global default a)  Use EFc = 1.30 [kgCH4/ha/day]

•  Option 3: Country/region-specific factor a)  Determine country-specific EFc

value [kgCH4/ha/day] through methane measurement

•  Simplified approaches to calculate emission reductions using default values derived from IPCC Tier 1 approach.

AMS-III.AU: Reduced CH4 in rice cultivation

•  Insufficient scientific evidence on effectiveness of a number of feed supplements to reduce enteric CH4 emissions (e.g. FAO(2013))

•  Aim to improve animal production efficiency, i.e. to reduce emissions per unit of milk through strategic supplementation to large ruminants (i.e., cows and/or buffaloes).

a) Supplementation improves digestion and promotes increased productivity •  Emission reductions a) Calculated: (EFb – EFp) x Project milk production; b) Emission factor is following IPCC approach:

•  For Gross Energy (GE), stratified multi-stage cluster sampling is

required to collect data on type and quantity of feedstuff. •  Methane conversion factor (Ym) taken from IPCC.

V4_10_Ch10,

2006 IPCC

AMS-III.BK: Strategic feed supplementation in smallholder dairy sector to increase productivity

CDM experience in MRV and the way forward

Experience in MRV • Proven MRV rules and processes (more than 200 methodologies including several agriculture methodologies) • Operational infrastructure established Future works • Top-down and bottom up development of methodologies in other promising area in the Agriculture sector •  Simplification/standardization of methodologies and processes: a) Standardized baselines, taking into account national circumstances

(e.g. PSB0019: Philippines Rice) b) Simplified monitoring approach (e.g. Tiered approach) c) Simplified PoA regulations • Collaboration with Regional Collaboration Centers of UNFCCC • Collaboration with other UN organizations and WB to develop methodologies

Thank you