sustainable, organic vegetable gardening presented by: kent phillips [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
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Maryland Master Gardeners’
Mission
To educate Maryland residents about safe, effective and
sustainable horticultural practices that build healthy gardens,
landscapes, and communities.
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www.extension.umd.edu/growitGrow Your Own Food
We Can Show You HowClick on Classes TabAnd Scroll down to
Howard County
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Reduce Your Carbon Footprintby Vegetable Gardening
• Less trips to the store• Sequester carbon in your vegetable beds
– Healthy plants capture carbon– Create compost – Put it back in your beds
• Better tasting vegetables
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We teach a common-sense, ecological approach
• Rely on local materials and resources– Compost neighbors leaves and your grass– Local animal manure– Leafgro
• Maximize biological and genetic diversity to strengthen your garden eco-system. – Example: Plant an assortment of annual flowers
and herbs to attract and feed beneficial insects.
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Unbordered raised beds
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Ingredients to a Successful Vegetable Garden
• Healthy soil• Lots of organic material• Proper soil pH• Proper nutrient levels
• NPK• Secondary and micro nutrients
• Sufficient soil moisture• Practice Integrated Pests Management (IPM)• Grow recommended vegetable varieties
• HG 70 Recommended vegetable cultivars for Maryland home gardens
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Importance Of These Ingredients
• Healthy plants resist grow insect attack• IPM
• In nature, bad insects are predated by beneficials• Use physical controls and erect barriers to pests • Use targeted applications for specific pests • Use broad spectrum insecticides only as a last resort
• Recommended vegetables grow
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What is Healthy Soil
• Soil rich in organic matter with lots of invertebrates• Has lots of pores for air and water • Six inches of OM for new gardens• One inch for established gardens
• Soil with proper pH and nutrient levels• Do a soil test• Follow recommendations
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Healthy soil (cont.)• References at www.extension.umd.edu/hgic click on
“Soils” or click on “Information Library”, “Publications” and “Soil, Mulch and Composting”• HG11 Soil test basics• HG110 Selecting and using a soil testing
laboratory• HG 42 Soil amendments and fertilizers• FS782 Basics of soil and plant fertility• http://www.youtube.com/UMDHGIC to see video
on collecting a soil test sample
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Fertilizer Recommendation
• U of Mass recommendation is .25#s/100 square feet• 1# of 30-3-3
– 30% N, 3% P and 3% K– .3#s of N, .03#s of P and .03#s of K
• 4#s of dried blood meal 12-0-0– 12% N, 0% P and 0% K– .48#s of N – probably too much– Large amount of N is readily available to plants
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Soil Moisture
• On average plants require one inch of water a week• On a 4 by 8 foot bed, that’s 20 gallons of water
• Moisture needs to be delivered to the plant roots• Most efficient method of delivery is drip irrigation
• http://www.youtube.com/UMDHGIC look or search for video on “Drip Irrigation”
• Mulching plants helps conserve soil moisture • http://www.youtube.com/UMDHGIC look or search for
video called “Mulchzilla”
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Intensive planting
• Assume a four foot wide bed– In a 2 or 3 foot long area plant 5 broccoli plants in
an x pattern – Plant 4 lettuce plants between the broccoli plantsB L B
L B L
B L B
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Intensive planting (con’t)
• Plant three row of green beans in a four foot square
• Plant four rows of beets or carrots or onions in the same area
• Plant tomatoes three feet apart on the north or west side of the garden
• Plant peppers and eggplants in the same pattern as broccoli above
• Vegetable spacing on Pub HG 16
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Succession Planting
• Use transplants when possible – Cool weather crops (spring and fall)
• Broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, etc.
– Warm season crops (summer)• Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, squash, etc.
• Rotate crops– Plant beans after broccoli (adds N to soil)– Don’t plant tomatoes, eggplant or potatoes where
they have been before.
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Start early, end late
• Garden from 4/1 to 12/15– See Pub. GE 007 or HG 16 for planting times– Cool season crops (Mid March & April)– Warm season crops (mid-May & early June)– Cool season crops (August & September)– Garlic (mid-October)– Winter over spinach and kale for spring crop
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Integrated Pest Management
• Simple steps and common sense• Study• Spy• Squish
• An once of prevention is worth a pound of cure• Companion planting• A healthy garden with good soil, adequate
moisture and proper nutrition can withstand some pest predation
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Beneficials v. Pests
• Attract predators and parasites by planting open faced flowers which attract predators that require nectar in their adult stage
• Ultimately, predators will increase as prey is available
• Purchasing predators tends not to be effective• Ducks, chickens and toads
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Common PredatorsPraying Mantid
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Common PredatorsLady Bird Beetle and Larva
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Common PredatorsYellow Argiope
Jumping spider
Wolf SpiderOrb Weaver
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Wheel bug
Common Predators
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Common PredatorsSyrphid fly and larva: predator of aphids
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Common PredatorsParasitized Tomato Hornworm
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Common Vegetable PestsMexican Bean Beetle
Adult Eggs & larvae
• Row cover• Crush• Pyrethrum, neem, spinosad spray top and bottom of leaves
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Common Vegetable PestsCucumber Beetle
Stripped Spotted
Floating row coverPyrethrum, neem oil, spinosad
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Common Vegetable PestsHarlequin bug
Adult Eggs & nymphs
• Row cover• Crush• Insecticidal soap alone or with pyrethrum or neem
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Common Vegetable PestsFlea Beetle
Adults
Floating row cover over hoopsSurround (kaolin clay) – reapply after rainPyrethrum, neem, spinosad
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Common Vegetable PestsImported Cabbage Looper
Adult Larvae
• Floating row cover• Bacillus Thuringensis (BT), insecticidal soap• Pyrethrum, neem, spinosad – use with sticker spreader
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Common Vegetable PestsSquash Bug
Adult Eggs & nymphs
• No pesticide for homeowners• Floating row cover• Hand pick tear out section of leaf with eggs• Kill nymphs with neem or hort oil or insecticidal soap
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Common Vegetable PestsSquash Vine Bore
Larvae
• Floating row cover• Cut out borer and mound soil over wound
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Common Vegetable PestsStink Bugs
BMSB Adult Southern Green Stink BugBrown
• True hard shell bugs like squash and stink bugs are hard to kill• Use row cover where possible• Hand pick and destroy adults and eggs• Insecticidal soap and botanicals can be used on 1st and 2nd instars (nymphs)• No pesticide available for homeowners to kill adults
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Targeted Applications for Specific Pests
• With all pesticides– Always read the label– Follow label instructions
• Bacillus Thuringiensis– Cabbage looper and other caterpillars
• Horticultural oils• Insecticidal soap
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Broad Spectrum Killers• With all pesticides
– Always read the label– Follow label instructions
• Pyrethrums– Pyganic
• Rotenone• Spinosad• Neem oil
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Resources• Home and Garden Information Center (HGIC)
– 800-342-2507– http://www.extension.umd.edu/hgic
• Grow-It-Eat-It website– http://www.extension.umd.edu/growit– YouTube - Search subjecthttp://www.youtube.com/UMDHGIC
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This program was brought to you by
Maryland Master Gardener Program
Howard County
University of Maryland Extension
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