sustainable management of globally important ingenious agricultural heritage systems (giahs) parviz...
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Sustainable Management of Globally Sustainable Management of Globally Important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage
Systems (GIAHS)Systems (GIAHS)
PARVIZ KOOHAFKAN,
GIAHS: Heritage for the futureGIAHS: Heritage for the future
Integrated Agricultural, Forestry, Livestock and Fishery systems Result of co-adaptation and co-evolution of plants, animals, humans and landscape under specific environmental circumstances Managed through highly adapted social and cultural practices and institutions Provide food and livelihood security and social, cultural and ecosystem services Important at local, national and global levels They are under threat
Definition :Remarkable Land Use Systems and landscapes which are rich in
biological diversity evolving from the ingenious and dynamic adaptation of a community/population to its environment and the needs and aspirations for sustainable development (FAO, 2002)
GIAHS are important for their contribution to:
•Food security, health and Food security, health and nutrition of many poor, nutrition of many poor, helpless and isolated peoplehelpless and isolated people•Human kind and its Human kind and its Agri-”cultural” diversityAgri-”cultural” diversity•Biodiversity and genetic Biodiversity and genetic resourcesresources•Agro-ecosystem and Agro-ecosystem and landscape diversitylandscape diversity•Ecosystem services through Ecosystem services through functional diversityfunctional diversity•Products and services Products and services diversitydiversity•Collective and individual Collective and individual Knowledge systemsKnowledge systems•Resilience and adaptive Resilience and adaptive capacity to changescapacity to changes
THEY ARE UNDER THREAT BCAUSE OF: • Inappropriate policy, legal and incentive environments• Neglect of diversified systems and local knowledge• Low priority given to in situ conservation• Low community involvement in decision making • Population pressure and cultural change
Examples:• Rice based traditional farming systems• Maize and root crop based agro-ecosystems • Taro based systems • Pastoral transhumant and nomadic systems • Ingenious irrigation and soil and water management systems of drylands (oasis and qanat)• Multi-layered home gardens and agro-forestry system
The overall objective of the GIAHS Partnership isto establish the basis for the global and national recognition, dynamic conservation and sustainable management of agricultural heritage systems and their associated biodiversity, knowledge systems and cultures
HOW ?
HOW ?At Global levelby identification and selection/recognition and creation of World Agricultural Heritage category
At National levelby capacity building in policy, regulatory and incentive mechanisms to safeguard these outstanding systems and use them as sustainability bench mark systems At Local Levelby empowerment of local communities and technical assistance for sustainable resource management, promoting traditional knowledge and enhancing viability of these systems
Www.Fao.Org/landandwater/giahswww.fao.org/biodiversity
Partners
• GOVERNMENTS, INDIGENOUS NETWORKSNGOS AND PRIVATE SECTOR
• FAO, UNDP, GEF, UNEP, IFAD, UNESCO, ICCROM
• IUCN, IPGRI and ISNAR (& other CGIAR), UNU/PLEC, GTZ, COMPAS; ILEIA; IAC
FAO-Contact: [email protected] & [email protected]
GIAHS IS BASED ON THE FIVE GIAHS IS BASED ON THE FIVE ASSETS OF RURAL SYSTEMSASSETS OF RURAL SYSTEMS
Financial Capital:money, savings
Natural Capital:nature’s goods and services
(waste assimilation, pollination, storm protection, water supply,
leisure, wildlife)
Social Capital: cohesiveness of people
and societies - trust, reciprocity, rules and norms,
networks and institutions
Physical Capital:infrastructure
Human Capital:the status of individuals - health, skills, knowledge
Farm, Livelihood
or Community
System
With access to and
stocks of:
Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Physical capital
Economic capital
Renewable natural capital
Contextual factors:
agro-ecological
climatic cultural
economic legal
political social
Shaped by: external
institutions and policies
Depletion of:
Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Social capital:
vertical and horizontal
participatory processes Knowledge
and technologie
s
Non-
renewable inputs
Food and other marketed produce
Finance: income, credit, grants
Accumulation of: Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Assets-based model of agricultural systems
Positive Externalities
Negative Externalities
Farm, Livelihood or Community
System
With access to and stocks of:
Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Physical capital Financial capital
Renewable natural capital
Contextual
factors: agro-
ecological climatic cultural
economic legal
political social
Shaped by: external
institutions and policies
Depletion of: Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Social capital: vertical and horizontal
participatory processes
New skills and
technologies
Non-renewable inputs
Food and other marketed produce
Finance: income, credit,
grants
Accumulation of: Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Assets-based model of agricultural systems – flows and outcomes in sustainable systems
Positive Externalitie
s
Negative Externalitie
s
Farm, Livelihood or Community
System
With access to and stocks of:
Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Physical capital Financial capital
Renewable natural capital
Contextual
factors: agro-
ecological climatic cultural
economic legal
political social
Shaped by: external
institutions and policies
Depletion of: Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Social capital: vertical and horizontal
participatory processes
knowledge and
technologies
Non-renewable inputs
Food and other marketed produce
Finance: income, credit,
grants
Accumulation of: Natural capital Human capital Social capital
Assets-based model of agricultural systems – flows and outcomes in industrial agriculture systems
Positive Externalities
Negative Externalities
•Provide best-farmer practices for dissemination to other farmers and areas•Provide detailed local knowledge on productive resources and environment (soils, rainfall conditions, etc)• Provide locally adapted varieties•Provide criteria for technology development (local goals and priorities, gender preferences, etc)•Provide basis for testing new technologies and their goodness-of-fit to local systems and circumstances.•Provide leads for identifying other opportunities for technology development
GIAHS APPROACH
GIAHS DEVELOPMENT GIAHS DEVELOPMENT GOALS:GOALS: Improving understanding of agriculture systems in their Improving understanding of agriculture systems in their
environmental, socio-economic policy and cultural dimensions environmental, socio-economic policy and cultural dimensions
Generating increased recognition of the global significance of Generating increased recognition of the global significance of agricultural systemsagricultural systems
Building the capacity of national and local institutions and Building the capacity of national and local institutions and providing support to promote dynamic conservation and sustained providing support to promote dynamic conservation and sustained viabilityviability
Conservation and sustainable use and, rehabilitation of Conservation and sustainable use and, rehabilitation of agricultural biodiversity and genetic patrimony, ecosystem agricultural biodiversity and genetic patrimony, ecosystem services and landscape diversityservices and landscape diversity
Recognition and safeguarding and of the resilience provided by Recognition and safeguarding and of the resilience provided by the combination of knowledge systems and social organisationthe combination of knowledge systems and social organisation
Mitigating threats of degradation and root causes of dysfunction Mitigating threats of degradation and root causes of dysfunction and enhancing environmental and socio-economic benefits at local and enhancing environmental and socio-economic benefits at local and global levels and;and global levels and;
Adding economic, environmental and cultural value to products, Adding economic, environmental and cultural value to products, artefacts and knowledge systems of GIAHS by supportive policies artefacts and knowledge systems of GIAHS by supportive policies and incentives for their sustainabilityand incentives for their sustainability
What are the best options for the What are the best options for the poorest?poorest?
Which work best for the poorestWhich work best for the poorest great success in past… but still 790 million great success in past… but still 790 million
people are food poorpeople are food poor
Key questions:Key questions:– to what extent can farmers improve food to what extent can farmers improve food
production with low-cost and locally-production with low-cost and locally-available technologies and inputs?available technologies and inputs?
– What impacts do these methods have on What impacts do these methods have on environmental goods and services, and environmental goods and services, and the livelihoods of people relying on the livelihoods of people relying on them?them?
GIAHS and POVERTY REDUCTION:GIAHS and POVERTY REDUCTION:
Biodiversity can be seen a a “life insurance policy for life itself” - Something specially needed in this time of fast-paced global change.