sustainable land management to mitigate and adapt to climate change
TRANSCRIPT
Sustainable land management to mitigate and adapt to
climate changeTheme 2: Maintaining or/and increasing SOC for climate change
mitigation and adaptation and land degradation neutrality
GCSOC 17
M. J. Sanz
Mul
tiple
eco
syst
em se
rvic
es “Highlight the science-based synergistic potential of SLM practices to address DLDD, climate change mitigation and adaptation”
Objective 2 of the SPI work program 2016-2017
The means: Concepts
Adaptation: Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities
Mitigation: An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases
Sustainable Land Management (SLM): “The use of land resources, including soils, water, animals and plants, for the production of goods to meet changing human needs, while simultaneously ensuring the long-term productive potential of these resources and the maintenance of their environmental functions” (UN Earth Summit, 1992)
“Knowledge-based procedure that helps integrate land, water, biodiversity and environmental management (including input and output externalities) to meet rising food and fiber demands while sustaining ecosystem services and livelihoods” (World Bank, 2005).
The ecosystem approach (EbA): Strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promote conservation and sustainable use in an equitable wayEcosystem' means a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit
SUSTAINBLE DEVELOPMENT
Stabilize GHGs in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system (Art.2)
Combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought in countries experiencingserious drought and/or desertification (Art.2)
Conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources
Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity lossTarget (15.3) “combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and striveto achieve a land degradation-neutral world
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
LAND USE
SLM Mean
LDN
Goal
DLDDMitigation
Adaptation
AFOLU sector
REDD+
CSA
CDMLULUCF KP
EA
AIKI TARGETS
Conservation of biological diversity
NAPAs
NDCs
5
SLM practices- Regulation- Provision- Supporting- Cultural
ES
- Local – farm
- Sub-national
- National
- Regional
- Global
SLM: Use of land resources, including soils, water, animals and plants, for the production of goods to meet changing human needs, while simultaneously ensuring the long-term productive potential of these resources and the maintenance of their environmental functions
SCAL
E
EbA, EBA, CBA, Landscape Approach, Integrated Land M
anagementEnabling env.
Socio-econ.
Technical choice
6
How WhyWhat
Make your choice Look for synergies Achieve your goal
Look for technical Solutions
Understand proceses
Identify barriers and opport.Co-design (participation)
Institutional arrangementsSocio-economic contextHow to upscale
To achieving LDN, adapt to and mitigate
climate change, while providing
other co-benefits
7
How WhyWhat
Make your choice Look for synergies Achieve your goal
Look for technical solutions
Understand proceses
Land clases/types/use
WOCAT
WOCAT
Cropland
Grazing land
Forest/Woodland
Mixed
Other land
IPCC
Cropland
Grasslands
Forest land
Wetlands
Settlements
Other land
Cropland management
Grazing Land Management
Forestry
Iintegrated systems
Livestock
Supply-side mitigation options in the AFOLU sectorLand Use Categories Land Use Types
Technical solutions
Qualitative assessment:
DLDD
CC Adap.CC Mit.
Biodiv.
Limited number of practices that illustrate the most common cases
CROPLANDS
CROPLANDS
Choice plant species/varietiesMultiple Cropping, intercroppingPermanent soil coverGreen cover in perennial woody cropsAgricultural biotechnology
Crop rotations
High for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate change adaptation and mitigation
No-till technologyReduced tillage of almonds and olivesReduced contour tillage
Application of organic fertilizers
Production and application of bio humusChanging fertilizer application practicesMicro fertilization
Trees as Buffer Zones
Integrated production and pest management
High for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate change adaptation and mitigation
CROPLANDS
GRAZING LANDS
Creation of a perennial grass seed areaGrazing land rehabilitation, shrubs plantationArea closure to grazing
High for the three objectivesHigh for two objectives, moderate for oneHigh for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate change adaptation and mitigation
FOREST/WOODLANDS
Afforestation with species mix at different scalesLand reclamation by introducing native speciesReforestation in former forest landsReintroduction of forest cover after wildfires
Establishment of protected forest areas
Reducing slash and burn agricultureHigh for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate change adaptation and mitigation
Assisted regeneration
Management for forest fire prevention
15Clough, Y. et al. 2016
Land-use choices follow profitability at the expense of ecological functions Indonesian smallholder landscapes
MIXED
Agro
fore
stry
Agri-patoral systems
Multipurpose trees on crop landsOrchard with integrated grazing and fodder production
High for the three objectives
High for two objectives, moderate for one
High for one objective, moderate for two
Contribution to address land degradation, climate change adaptation and mitigation
Animal Draft Zero-TillageHome gardens
17
How WhyWhat
Make your choice Look for synergies Achieve your goal
Identify barriers and opport.Co-design (participation)
Institutional arrangementsSocio-economic contextHow to upscale
Identify and understand the processes that
in each case are more relevant
Identifying the best practices
from the technical point
Identify barriers and
address tradeoffs
Consider socio-economic
aspects
Formulating supportive
policiesLandscapeDLDD
CC
19
How WhyWhat
Make your choice Look for synergies Achieve your goal
Look for technical Solutions
Understand proceses
LDN
To achieving LDN, adapt to and mitigate
climate change, while providing
other co-benefits
Identify barriers and opport.Co-design (participation)
Institutional arrangementsSocio-economic contextHow to upscale
20
Many of the SLM technical solutions include directly or indirectly the improvement of soil quality though increase of SOC.
In order to design, prioritize and implement the mix of interventions that can optimally achieve simultaneous multiple benefits. “Win-win” solutions that address synergistically DLDD (to achieve LDN), climate change adaptation and mitigation, and provide other co-benefits, will require understanding the degradation processes that are ongoing, as well as the socio-economic context and dynamics of the drivers of this process.
It will not be possible to export SLM approaches from one site to another without matching well the technical and site specific environmental, social and institutional aspects.
SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT
Potential areas for synergy on:
Training and education• On the ground actions that through SLM actions advance the goals od the 3 Conventions
Awareness raising• Dissemination joint products
Information generation and sharing• Common open Access platforms for data, information and knowledge sharing
Scientific research• Promotion of multidisciplinary research, more efficient use of resources
Reporting and monitoring (domestic)• One data platform at country level on environmental information, less burden and more consistency