Sustainable Integrative transport solutions

Richard Gordge

CSIR Transportek, PO Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South AfricaE-mail: rgordge@csir.co.zaTel: +27 (0) 21-888 2611

Overview A wide range of policies, programmes and incentives must knit together as an effective toolkit to address the challenge of ensuring sustainable transport futures.This brief presentation outlines some key issues and ideal outcomes in regard to transport solutions, which are beginning to form the planning blueprints in our metropolitan areas.More specifically attention is focussed on a range of objectives and actions to be carried through by the entire spectrum of stakeholders, which would create a shared responsibly for our transport and cities’ futures.

Transport Impacts

• Lifeline for Interaction• Individual ideals v optimal system • Private travel the least efficient

response • Urban Form impacts on transport

systems

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% Work Trips byPublic Transport% Public TransportCost Recovery

WorldwideComparisons

City of ParisDowntown

Los AngelesPopulation (million) 2.15 3.2

Area (sq. km) 100 1200

Pop. Density (inh/ha) 215 27

Transport's Land Use

Roads 20% 27%

Parking 1% 32%

Pavements 8% 10%

Total 29% 69%

Economic, Financial and Social Cost of a Person Trip (Paris)

Private Car Public TransitCity Centre 5.5 1.0 (Mass Transit)

Inner Suburbs 4.5 2.0 (LRT / Rapid bus)Outer Suburbs 3.4 1.9 (Bus)

Energy Efficiency *

Cities (Averages) Car Bus All RailUS 3.5 2.5 1.1Australian 3.0 1.7 0.9European 2.6 1.3 0.5Asian 1.8 0.7 0.2

* veh km, av occupancy, total pass. trips & average distance of pass. trip

MJ / Pass km

Cape Town Metro. 39 persons/ha

A Tale of Two Cities

South African Context

• Very low densities and forced dislocation• Integrated transport and land use not

promoted• Growth in informal market / para-transit• Rich/Poor Dichotomy • Lack of capital investment and funding

constraints

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Disaggregated v Integrated Network Design

•Single trip, very poor fleet utilisation, excessive waste.

•Disaggregated services, duplication of routes.

•Worker / commuter focus, not targeted to non working poor.

•Extensive inefficiencies, x-inefficiencies, system inefficiencies, land-use transport inefficiencies.

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Disaggregated - Current Networks

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•Backbone of high-capacity corridor services (build scale economies).

•Integrated network, complementarity between corridor and feeder/distribution services.

•Zonal fare system, able to target priority areas & individuals. Also network now provides broader range of services and destinations to cater for all trip needs.

•Franchised services on corridors: improving internal efficiencies, improving system efficiencies, catalyst for greater densification and land-use/transport integration.

Integrated – FutureNetworks ?

NLTTA principles

• Public transport should be affordable and achieve: – Mode integration– Cost efficiency and service quality– Optimal allocation & utilisation of resources

• Customer focussed• Least harmful to the environment.

NLTTA Principles Achieve efficiency in land transport through

integrated planning

• Public transport to be given higher priority than private

• PT to be planned on basis of mode integration

• Investment in infrastructure to promote economic, financial, technical and environmental sustainability

NLTTA PrinciplesLand use functions must be integrated

through

• Co-ordination of institutional functions• Corridor development• Densification and infilling• Transport planning to guide land use

and development planning

Western Cape Transport PolicyEnvironmental Sustainability

• All urban transport plans objective to reduce or stabilise travel esp. petrol driven

• Reduce trip lengths• More efficient urban structure• Greater PT share• Environmentally sensitive forms of propulsion• Review basis of licence fee from mass to

engine capacity

Western Cape Transport PolicyIntegration between transport and land use

• Strategic consideration of roles to achieve efficient, effective and equitable system.

• To do this need policies on containment, densification and mixed land use leading to fundamental restructuring of land use to reduce travel demand

• Land use plans must be subject to approved LUTPF

Integrated Transport: Stakeholders

Central Gov.

Local Authorities

Companies

Individuals

Central & Provincial Government• Overarching policy and strategy to deliver

integrated transport-land use solutions• Establish the planning and institutional

frameworks• Guide planning and implementation at all levels• Prioritise expenditures• Allocate funding according to appropriate impacts• Constrained by, public expenditure limits, funding

legislation, capacity for implementation

Central & Provincial Government

• Balanced policy of restraints & incentives for commuter travel– Restraining non-optimal transport decisions

– Congestion pricing– Fuel levies– Developer Contributions

– Incentives for most efficient response– Subsidisation of most effective, least cost public transport – Tax incentives for companies with energy-optimizing

transport policies

Local Authorities• Clear, bold, realistic integrated transport plans • Improve road congestion management, e.g.:

– Improved local road design– Improved incident management– Parking restrictions

• Streamline and prioritise public transport• Upgrade & market public transport (develop a

realistic choice)• Design NMT friendly towns and cities

Features of UK Local Transport PlansIntegrated package of measures

• Upgrading of prime mover, typically heavy rail• Development of Intermediate Modes (BRT & light rail)• Bus quality partnerships and bus priority schemes• Park and ride – bus, heavy rail and light rail• Extensive Travel Demand Management – including

traffic management, parking policies and company travel plans

• Travel Education – including promotion, travel awareness education, marketing and better information.

Companies• Develop positive policies on:

– Telecommuting– Flexitime (staggered working hours)– Compressed working weeks

• Promote formation of sustainable transport via:– NMT promotion– Preferential parking for car sharers– In-house information (e.g. website, bulletin board)

for car share information)• Green Plans (in association with LA’s)

Grading Transport ModesHIGHEST Walk

  Bicycle

  Public Transport

  Car Share

  Motorcycle

LOWEST Single Occupancy Vehicle

Aim to encourage employees to travel to work by the greenest method of transport that they reasonably can.

BOOTS, Pfizer: Case studies

• Pay influenced, points allocated / deducted based on JTW mode.

• Car share scheme- priority parking • Subsidized shuttle buses for station as well as other• Travel access plan and staff education on environmentally

friendly transport• Promoting cycling by providing bicycle sheds, showers &

lockers• Green plans creates basis for negotiation with LA’s

Successfully reducing private car use through company based initiatives

Individuals• Consider your trip impacts• Choose public over private transport• Choose non-motorised over motorised transport

for short trips• Form lift clubs• Form groups to influence local authorities (e.g.to

provide pedestrian and cycling facilities where applicable)

• Form groups to negotiate flexi-hours etc with companies

Conclusions• Simply projecting trends SA’s indicates unsustainable

transport future• Putting public transport first creates the backbone for

sustainable transport development, funding must reflect this

• Viable alternatives to private travel are necessary• NMT to be promoted at every opportunity• Integrated land-use & transport planning and

management • Comprehensive buy-in, including individuals and

companies, a pre-requisite• Well researched development projects creates the energy,

insight and learning for more fundamental change