Sustainable Transport Development Hong Kong Experience

Dr Dorothy Chan, FCILT President

The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport

The Chartered Institutes of Logistics and Transport First choice of

professional body

32 countries/regions

Over 32,000 members

Professional training

Experience sharing

Advance & promote the Art and Science of Supply Chain, Logistics and Transport

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Hong Kong SAR

Area: 1 104 km2 Population: 7.2 million 6,540 people per km

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Some Statistics (as at the end of 2013)

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Population (million) 7.2

Rail Length (km) 218

Road Length (km) 2,093

Total Vehicle Fleet 680,914

Private Car Fleet 475,752

Private Car per 1,000 population 66

Vehicle Density (vehicle/km) 325

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Transport Policy

“Keeping Hong Kong Moving”

May 1979

• Improvement of the road system;

• Expansion and improvement of

public transport; and

• More economic use of the road

system

Hong Kong’s Experience

Private sector participation

No direct subsidy

User pay

Compete for market share

Reasonable return

Inter-modal co-ordination

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Multi-Modal Transport System

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Mass Transit Railway

Kowloon Canton Railway

Light Rail Transit

Franchised Bus (5700+)

Tram (161 tram cars)

Ferry

Taxi (18000+)

Public Light Bus (4350)

Merged in 2007 as MTRCL

Market Share of Public Transport System (as at the end of 2013)

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Franchised Bus

31.6%

Others

3%

Taxi

8.2%

Peak Tram

0.1%

Tram

1.6%

PLB

15.1%

Ferry

1.1%

Railway

39.3%

Total daily ridership: 12 million trips

Increase market share 39% to 43%

Expanding Railway Network Make railways as the backbone of passenger transport system

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Rail Projects under Planning

Bus Franchise

• No. of franchise operators : 4

• No. of franchised buses : 5,791

• Daily passengers : 3.9 million

• 10 year franchise, extended every 5 years

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• Constitute over 90% of passenger trips

• R+P model

• An efficient system without direct subsidy (except ferry)

• Over 12 million trips a day

Importance of Public Transport

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Octopus

• 22 millions cards in circulation

• 12 million transactions a day

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Private Car Control Measures

• Taxation

• Annual license fees

• 66 private cars per thousand population

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Urban Mobility Ranking – UITP 2014

2014 Ranking Cities

1 Hong Kong

2 Stockholm

3 Amsterdam

4 Copenhagen

5 Vienna

6 Singapore

7 Paris

8 Zurich

9 London

9 Helsinki

11 Munich

Source: The Future of Urban Mobility 2.0, January 2014, pp. 16

Total Greenhouse Gas Emission in Hong Kong 2011

18% Transport

16% Waste and Others

66% Electricity

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To improve roadside emissions

• Switching diesel taxis to LPG

• EURO V for diesel buses

• Financial assistance to phase out Pre-EURO IV commercial vehicles

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Pilot Green Transport Fund

• Green Transport Fund: HK$300 million budget

• Supports the testing of green and innovative technologies for better air quality

• Eligibility : existing transport operators

• Only subsidizes the capital cost of the hardware of the trial products

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Cities in China

• Rapid urban growth

• 1 million cars in 1994 to 33 million in 2008

• Serious traffic conjestion

• Bus speeds fell by 60%

• Bus punctuality fell by 88%

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Challenges

• Increase in private vehicles

• Incomplete transport network

• Congestion

• Developing an integrated transport system

• Accessibility

• Urban mobility

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Hong Kong Urban Environment

• Compact building

• High urban density

• Narrow streets

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Sub-Tropical Climate Zone

• Hong Kong is situated in the sub-tropical climatic zone with hot and humid summers

• Maximum day time temperature greater than 33°C

• Minimum night time temperature greater than 28°C

• Hong Kong is suffering from Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect

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Strategic Planning Actions

• Air paths/breezeways and low rise

• Greenery, tree planting on streets and open areas

• Additional development not allowed unless with mitigation measures

Reducing ground coverage

Maintain existing air path, introduce new ones

Position buildings to align with prevailing wind directions

Maximizing greening

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Electric Vehicles

• 309 electric private cars

• 28 electric motorcycles

• 24 electric light goods vehicles

• 4 electric light buses

• 3 electric buses

• 2 electric medium goods vehicles

• 14 electric taxi

Total : 384 EVs

HOW LOW CAN WE GO?

Our Common Goal: SMILE

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Sustainable Development

Mobility

Innovation

Lifestyle

Environment