sustainable energy and climate action planning at cornell...

1

Sustainable Energy and

Climate Action Planningat Cornell University

April 2018

Lanny Joyce P.E, CEMDirector, Utilities & Energy Management

Energy and [email protected]

www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.sustainablecampus.cornell.edu/

April 2018 2

• Overview of Cornell energy use• Central energy plant• Lake Source Cooling• Hydro electric plant• Energy forecasting• Energy conservation and engagement• Climate action planning• Questions

Agenda

Cornell Energy Use

3April 2018

Central Energy Plant provides

Electric for about 14,100,000 GSF

Steam for 12,700,000 GSF

Cooling for 9,100,000 GSF

Cornell University District Energy

Annual Utility Budget ~ $55 million

Enterprise Units

•Electric •30 MW peak•200 GWh/yr

•Steam •380 kpph peak•900,000 klbs/yr

•Chilled Water•20,000 Tons peak•44,000,000 ton-hrs/yr

•Water and Sewer

Fully Metered (>1200 meters) April 2018 4

Steam Energy Use

5April 2018

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Actual Steam Sales (klbs) FY15 by billing month

Metered Building sales:850,000 klbs

Steam use in summer:Reheat; dehumidification and process loads

Peak Hourly Steam Load: 380,000 lbs. per hour (every minute we boil 760 gallons of water)

Electric Energy Use

6April 2018

Metered Building sales:200 million kwh

Usage is quite flat thru out the year, average about 17 million kwh/month

Peak load is 30 MW, which is about 1/1000 of the New York State peak

-

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Actual Electric Sales (kWh) FY15 by billing month

Chilled Water Use

7April 2018

Metered Building sales:42 million ton-hrs

About 47% of usage occurs in July/Aug/Sept

Winter usage for process cooling and some space cooling

Peak load is 25,000 tons(1 ton is the heat rate required to melt one ton of ice in a day)

-

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov De

cJa

nFe

bM

ar Apr

May Jun

Ton-

hrs.

Actuals Chilled Water Sales FY15 by billing month

April 2018 8

• What is the peak load of Cornell University and how does it compare to the NYS peak?

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 9

• What is the peak load of Cornell University and how does it compare to the NYS peak?–~30 MW, .1% of the NYS peak of ~30,000 MW

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 10

• What is the peak load of Cornell University and how does it compare to the NYS peak?–30 MW, .1% of the NYS peak of 30,000 MW

• Which utility load has the highest load factor (average to peak ratio) and why?

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 11

• What is the peak load of Cornell University and how does it compare to the NYS peak?–30 MW, .1% of the NYS peak of 30,000 MW

• Which utility load has the highest load factor (average to peak ratio) and why?–Electricity–Refrigeration for cooling is eliminated

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 12


Agenda

District Energy at Cornell• Originally constructed in

1922• Serves over 150 facilities• Fuel input before 2010

– 65,000 tons coal/yr– 150,000 DT gas/yr– 1.75 TBtu

• Fuel inputs today– 3 million DT gas/yr

• Fast Facts annual summary– https://energyandsustaina

bility.fs.cornell.edu/em/fastfacts/default.cfm

April 2018 13

https://energyandsustainability.fs.cornell.edu/em/fastfacts/default.cfm

April 2018 14

April 201815

Combined Heat & Power Project (CCHPP)

• 30 MW addition to existing (coal based) CHP plant

• 300 KPPH steaming capacity

• Renewal and upgrade to 115 x 13.2 KV substation

• 3.2 mile High pressure gas line

• Engineer of record - CHA/GIE

• $82.3 million project budget– $43.8 million construction– $8.0 million engineering & permitting– $28.5 million PP equipment– $2.0 million support & other

April 2018 16


• Two Solar Titan 130s – Dual fuel (670 k gallons

storage)– Inlet air chilling– Output direct to secondary bus

at substation

• Rentech “dual pressure” HRSGs

– 60 KPPH unfired– 150 KPPH fired– 40:1 turndown duct burner (gas

only)

• SCR and CO catalyst– 2.5 ppm Nox– 5.0 ppm slip– 10 ppm CO

April 2018 17

• Highly efficient– The project is the most efficient way to generate the

campus heat and electric energy needs

• Fuel flexibility– Cost management– Future bio-fuel option

• Electrical reliability– “Islanded’ operation

• Eliminate coal usage

• Reduce CO2 ~30%


April 2018 18


April 2018 19

Old Versus New Plant

April 2018 20

April 2018 21

• History and Evolution –Prior to 1990- Proprietary vendor, first gen digital–1991 upgrade to second gen digital–Ethernet and PLC’s introduced in 2000–PLC’s took off ~2010 with CCHPP project, dramatically

expanding the digital infrastructure–2010-2017 continuing evolution of network

architecture and security

Central Utility Plants Controls

April 2018 22

• Central Utility Plants – 10 Facilities– PLC’s ~25– Remote I/O

• Pressure, temperature, flow, valve position

– Remote Devices• Meters• Transmitters w/ analog to

IP conversion

– Servers– ~20 Workstation screens

Central Utility Plants Controls

April 2018 23

• What is the efficiency improvement for Combined Heat and Power and what is the reason?

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 24

• What is the efficiency improvement for Combined Heat and Power and what is the reason?– +50%–Making electricity alone wastes the heat (35%),

CHP uses the heat increasing overall efficiency to 75-85%

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 25


Agenda

April 2018 26

Lake Source Cooling

The Lake Source Cooling Process

April 2018 27

Lake Source Cooling

• Started service 2000• Annual production at 0.1 kw/ton• Truly “renewable” cooling

• Full automation (un-peopled) • Carbon reduced 100,000 tons• 25 million kwh/yr (reduction)

or 10% of campus• District cooling system is CFC

freeApril 2018 28

The Lake Source Cooling Process

April 2018 29

Positioning the Intake

April 2018 30

Controlled Sinking

April 2018 31

Intake ready for sinking

April 2018 32

Chilled Water Pipe Installation

April 2018 33

Plate and Frame Heat Exchangers

•7 plate and frame units

•no fouling allowance -one spare unit added

•2500 tons each (30 million Btu/hr)

•3 °F approach

•665 plates each (14,700 ft2)

April 2018 34

Chilled Water Pumps

•Radially split

•API 610 standard

•5 x 600 HP

•variable speed driven

•6600 gpm @ 280 ft.

April 2018 35

Lake Water Pumps

•Vertical turbine

•single stage

•25’ column length

•3 x 350 HP

•variable speed driven

•13,000 gpm @ 80 ft.

April 2018 36

Programmable Logic Controls

•Redundant processors

•Ethernet and Modbus communications

•Over 300 I/O points

•100% automated process

April 2018 37

April 2018 38

• What is a typical electric use per unit of cooling and what is Lake Source Cooling?

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 39

• What is a typical electric use per unit of cooling and what is Lake Source Cooling?–.8 to 1.0 kW/ton for chiller plants–.1 kW/ton for LSC, an 86% reduction on an annual

basis

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 40


Agenda

Hydroelectric Plant

April 2018 41

42

Hydroelectric Plant

April 2018

Hydroelectric Plant

April 2018 43

44

Hydroelectric Plant• 4-5 million kW-hr/yr or 2 % of campus• Rebuilt 1981• Controls and turbine upgrade in 2008/2015 increased

annual production by 20% April 2018

April 2018 45


Agenda

April 2018 46

• Forecast is developed for each meter – 100 chilled water, 150 steam, 300 electric – Steam and chilled water require weather

regression• Reviewed / Updated each budget year based on

performance. • Track performance quarterly• Building and Campus EUI is tracked and managed• EUI reporting is part of online IPP metrics• Accounts for: conservation, projects, utilization

Forecasting

47

An Example: Duffield Steam forecastingUse FY14 to develop formula to forecast FY16

y = 0.001x2 + 1.2x + 1100

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Mon

thly

Ste

am U

se (k

lbs)

Monthly Heating Degree Days

Steam Actuals FY4 Budget FY16 Poly. (Budget FY16)

April 2018

Example – Mann Library after ECI

48April 2018

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

ton-

hr.

Monthly Enthalpy-hours

FY2012 FY2013FY2015 FY17 BudgetPoly. (FY17 Budget)

Chilled water:Tracking the building performance for Mann Library, ECI efforts have significantly reduced overall building consumption

Forecasting was updated based on this new building performance, which is reflected in the FY17 budget

April 2018 49

17

6

11

30

34

16

21

28

14

43

15

24

21

29

18

48

51

60

73

95

- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

3802 Paul Milstein Hall

1003 Ives Hall Faculty Wing

1026 Warren Hall

2013A Klarman Hall

2044 Gates Hall

New Buildings/Renovations EUI (kBTU/GSF) Office-like

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Total EUI

7

30

57

70

80

22

49

59

89

81

-

55

62

56

71

82

89

91

135

187

241

305

- 50 100 150 200 250 300

2045 Upson Hall

1011 Human Ecology Building

2076 Physical Sciences Building

1166 NY State Vet Diagnostic Cntr

1014 Weill Hall

New Buildings/Renovations EUI (kBTU/GSF) Lab-like

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Total EUI

April 2018 50

Campus EUI (kBtu/GSF)Track performance multiple ways:

(1) pre-ECI performance versus post-ECI performance

184.3

157.6

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175

PROJECTED_EUI

ACTUAL_EUI

FY15 CEP - ITHACA CAMPUS KBTU/GSF

(2) Actual performance versus Budget (weather adjusted)

165.4

157.9

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175

PROJECTED_EUI

ACTUAL_EUI

FY15 CEP - ITHACA CAMPUS KBTU/GSF

April 2018 51


Agenda

10

11

12

13

14

15

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

FY_2

000

FY_2

001

FY_2

002

FY_2

003

FY_2

004

FY_2

005

FY_2

006

FY_2

007

FY_2

008

FY_2

009

FY_2

010

FY_2

011

FY_2

012

FY_2

013

FY_2

014

FY_2

015

FY_2

016

FY_2

017_

Budg

et

FY_2

018_

Budg

et

GSFMill

ions

MMBTU/YR CAMPUS GSF CHW SALES_MMBTUELECTRIC SALES_MMBTU STEAM SALES_MMBTU

WestCampus

ECRF & EHOB

Weill Hall

Duffield

Physical Sciences & AHDC

Human Ecology

Milstein

~186 kBtu/Sf-Yr ~146 kBtu/Sf-Yr

Gates

Klarman

Building Energy Sales: History 2000 - 2018

April 2018 52

Endowed2003 – 2017(~5M GSF)

CCF2005 – 2017(~4M GSF)

Maintenance (Continuous Cx)

Project

Study

Design

Maintenance(Continuous Cx)

ProfessionalSchools2011-2013(~1M GSF)

Steps of ECI

Campus Life2011-2015(~3M GSF)

April 2018 53

• Lighting – fixtures and occupancy control

• Updating of controls and control logic

• Complete Cx and Re-Cx of systems

• Humidification systems

Conservation Project Elements

April 2018 54

Laboratory ventilation is responsible for approximately half of all energy use on campus ~ $25 million per year at billed rates

• Ventilation is the largest user of energy in labs.• One fume hood = 3 households annual energy usage.

• Focus on controls to reduce outside air use

• Occupancy sensors to index room occupancy air flows, and lighting

• Relax temperatures to reduce reheat

Energy conservation in laboratories

April 2018 55

• Electrical savings to date• Over 60 buildings retrofitted • ~1400 kW reduction (peak)• 5,500,000 kWh/ year • 4.2 year simple ROI (2.1 year after incentive)• 155,000 lamps replaced

LED Lamp Replacement Project

April 2018 56

Insulation and Valve Upgrades

57April 2018

Steam, $18

Steam, $14

Electric, $9

Electric, $7

Chilled Water, $5

Chilled Water, $4

Total Billed , $31.3

Total Billed , $25.0

$-

$5

$10

$15

$20

$25

$30

$35

Pre_ECI Project Post_ECI Project

Mill

ions

Post ECI Project Billed Savings: $6.3 millionECI Phase II Project Facts:• Over 60 Facilities• Over 90 projects• Project Cost $33 million• Project Savings: $6.3 million

at billed rates with 5.3 year payback

ECI project savings% energy savings from ECI project

Steam: 126,000 klbs 21%

Chilled Water: 5,000,000 ton-hrs 25%

Electric: 19,000,000 kwh 17%

April 2018 58

• Retro commissioning –24 month typical cycle goal central mechanical Cx–36 month cycle space Cx

• Empower staff with savings metrics• Fully involve building managers/directors• Feedback after the work is complete• All repairs paid for by maintenance budget

Conservation focused preventive maintenanceEnergy Conservation Controls Team (ECCT)

59April 2018

April 2018 60

• Non-Techie, Eye Friendly

• Easy to set up competitions

• Quick look at building usage

• Social media• Open to all

• SAS application• Began 2011,

converting to HTML5 in 2017

Building Dashboard

http://buildingdashboard.net/cornell/#/cornellbuildingdashboard.cornell.edu

April 2018 61

• EMCS Portal– Techie

• Real time energy use by facility/ Utility

• Download to CSV/Excel

• Cornell created• Includes weather data• Open to all

Real Time Data Dashboard

http://portal.emcs.cornell.edu/

http://portal.emcs.cornell.edu/

April 2018 62

• Why does Cornell utilize continuous commissioning in its buildings?

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 63

• Why does Cornell utilize continuous commissioning in its buildings?–To keep HVAC systems in “top tune” and

continuously optimize energy systems to create 5-15% persistant savings and increase reliability/safety/comfort

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 64


Agenda

65

Path to Carbon Neutrality

30% reduction since 2008

April 2018

Making Climate Neutrality a Reality• Actions to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions,

broaden academic research, and enhance educational opportunities and outreach efforts by the year 2050.

• Cornell’s Climate Action Plan (CAP) promotes the education and research needed to generate solutions for the challenges of global warming —and will demonstrate these solutions in campus operations.

Climate Action Plan

April 2018 66

Climate Action Plan

1.Plan space to avoid new buildings

2.Reduce energy demand

3.Use renewable electricity and renewable heat

4.Offset business travel and commuting

Four Tiered Strategy

April 2018 67

• 2MW Cornell Snyder Road Solar Farm online in 2014

• Power Purchase Agreement– Remote/virtual net metered

• 1% campus electric use• Educational array, data

access, w/RECs• $0 Cornell capital, no

premium for green power, hedge effect

8MW projects complete at three other sites (4 systems) with RECs• Very difficult utility interconnection issues, all worked out with PSC/NYSEGFuture projects community solar (18 MW)• All projects third party, no cost to Cornell, RECs included• Changes to net metering, NY-Sun program, federal tax credit 68

Off Campus Renewable Energy

August 3, 2016

April 2018 69

Earth Source Heat and Peaking Bioenergy

Climate Action PlanSLCAG Report

Solutions for Today:• Conserve energy in existing buildings

• Build high-performance buildings

• Increase electric vehicle capacity

• Renewable power projects

• Campus engagement: Think Big, Live

Green initiative

• Campus-wide climate literacy

• Utilizing campus as a living

laboratoryApril 2018 70

Climate Action PlanSLCAG Report: Solutions

April 2018 71

April 2018 72

• What are the large changes that have resulted in a 30% reduction in calculated total carbon equivalent emissions for Cornell?

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 73

• What are the large changes that have resulted in a 30% reduction in calculated total carbon equivalent emissions for Cornell?–Combined heat and power–Elimination of coal–Energy conservation continuous commissioning –Energy conservation projects

Pop Quiz Questions

April 2018 74

Questions

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