sustainable development goals...the global sustainable development goals (sdgs) indicator framework...

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS INDICATORS FOR FINLANDStatistical Annex of the Finnish Voluntary National Report 2020 on the Implementation of Agenda 2030

Inquiries:Hannele OrjalaJukka Hoffrén Riitta Kaisio Marika Pohjola

Translation and proofreading: Pia MaljanenCover design and layout: Hilkka Lehtonen

© 2020 Statistics Finland

ISBN 978–952–244–661–9 (pdf) ISBN 978–952–244–662–6 (print)

Helsinki 2020

3

Foreword

Progress towards implementing the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development is followed-up and reviewed by using a set of global indicators. The global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicator framework was first agreed upon by the United Nations Statistical Commission and adopted by the General Assembly in 2017. It consists of over 230 unique indicators and it aims to ensure a balance across goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development.

This report ”Sustainable Development Goals Indicators for Finland” provides, in the form of statistics and graphics, key data for reviewing the progress made in implementing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets. At the moment, data are available for 66 per cent of global indicators from national or international sources. Published as an individual report, this report is a reprint of the Statistical Annex of the Voluntary National Review of Finland on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

At global level the United Nations Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDGs) develops the indicator framework for the follow-up and review of the Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda. SDG goals and targets include also enhanced support for developing countries in strengthening the capacity of national statistical offices and data systems. The High-level Group for Partnership, Coordination and Capacity-Building for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (HLG-PCCB) provides strategic leadership for the SDG implementation process as concerns statistical monitoring and reporting within the framework of the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and fosters capacity-building. Finland has been a member of the HLG-PCCB since 2019.

National statistical institutes have an essential coordination and quality assurance role in the national SDG review. Statistics Finland has established contacts with multiple government and other national agencies and organisations that – as part of the SDG data community – provide data to a national reporting platform published in 2019. The reporting platform can be found at https://stat.fi/un-indicators.

We would like to thank all the people and organisations who have contributed to extending and updating the national reporting platform and to the compilation of this ”Sustainable Development Goals Indicators for Finland” report for their good and fruitful cooperation.

Marjo Bruun Director General Statistics Finland

http://www.stat.fi/tup/kestavan-kehityksen-yk-indikaattorit-agenda2030_en.html

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Contents

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Agenda 2030 statistical monitoring system in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

GOAL 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

GOAL 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

GOAL 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages . . . . . . . . . . 11

GOAL 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

GOAL 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls . . . . . . . . . . . 23

GOAL 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

GOAL 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

GOAL 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

GOAL 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

GOAL 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

GOAL 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

GOAL 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

GOAL 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts . . . . . . . . . 55

GOAL 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

GOAL 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

GOAL 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

GOAL 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

5

Agenda 2030 statistical monitoring system in Finland

The Finnish Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) development project for the national compilation of SDG indicator data was carried out during 2018 by Statis-tics Finland, the National Statistical Office (NSO) of Finland. The project received the mandate, steering and a majority of financing from the Prime Minister’s Office. The Finnish national reporting platform (NRP) of the Agenda 2030 SDG indicators was published by Statistics Finland on 12 February 2019. The database contains national data for 161 global indicators of the total set of 244 internationally agreed indica-tors, i.e. 66 per cent of the indicators. Most data come from domestic providers and some from databases of international organisations. The indicators’ time-series should ideally range from 1990 to the present day to enable tracking the longer-term development. In many cases, however, only data for some recent years are currently available. For some indicators, the methodology is not yet clarified, or they are global indicators. Excluding these, data for 55 indicators are under development at the mo-ment. The SDG indicator set is currently available in Finnish, Swedish and English.

Statistics Finland is currently in charge of the national compilation of global SDG indicators. In order to extend and update the SDG indicator data in the national reporting platform, Statistics Finland has set up and is chairing a cooperative work-ing group. This cooperation group consists of representatives from the following organisations: the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, the Finnish Environment Institute, the Natural Resources Institute Finland and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, as well as the Prime Ministers’ Office. The group aims to ensure and coordinate continued development efforts of the database. In total, there is a network of over 20 institutions and organisations in Finland that provide data for the national reporting platform database.

Statistics Finland provides data for 59 indicators. The Finnish Environment Insti-tute provides data for 16, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs 15, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare for 14, and the Ministry of the Interior for 10 indicators. Interna-tional databases from various UN organisations provide data for 8 indicators. Other data providers include e.g. Natural Resources Institute Finland, the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, the Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy (Krimo) at the University of Helsinki, the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Finnish Meteorological Service, the Bank of Finland and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

In future, Statistics Finland will continue national collection, updating and publishing of SDG indicator data. Statistics Finland also reports follow-up indicator data con-cerning Finland in international inquiries. On the methodological side, Statistics Fin-land also continues to supplement existing data by exploring new data sources and proxy indicators. International development work is also carried out to complement the data sources. Future challenges include further disaggregation of the data.

6

GOAL 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Goal 1 aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere. Finland has no population below the international poverty line. The proportion of the population living below the national poverty line was 12 percent in 2017. The entire population of the country is covered by social protection. The proportion of total government spending on essential services has varied between 11.8 and 12.8 per cent during 2000 to 2014.

Target 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day

Indicator 1 .1 .1 Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)

Population below the international poverty line in 2019 (%) 0

Source: Statistics Finland

Target 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions

Indicator 1 .2 .1 Population below the national poverty line (%)

2017 2018

Males, 0–17 years 10.5 10.4Females, 0–17 years 11.6 10.7Males, 18–24 years 26.1 23.1Females, 18–24 years 28.8 27.7Males, 25–34 years 14.2 12.4Females, 25–34 years 10.1 10.1Males, 35–49 years 8.6 6.5Females, 35–49 years 7.9 7.2Males, 50–64 years 11.5 11.7Females, 50–64 years 6.7 7.7Males, 65–74 years 6.2 8.6Females, 65–74 years 8.2 10.6Males, 75 years and over 12.9 14.6Females, 75 years and over 27.2 26.0


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018Source: Statistics Finland

Indicator 1 .2 .2 Proportion of population living in poverty (%)

7

Target 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable

Indicator 1 .3 .1 Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable

Population covered by social protection floors in 2019 (%) 100

Source: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health

Target 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance

Indicator 1 .4 .2 Proportion of total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, with legally recognized documentation and who perceive their rights to land as secure, by sex and by type of tenure

Proportion of adult population with secure tenure rights to land in 2019 (%) 100

Source: National Land Survey of Finland

Target 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Ministry of Interior

Indicator 1 .5 .1 Number of persons affected by disaster per 100,000

Indicator 1 .5 .2 Direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP)

Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to gross domestic product (GDP) in 2013 (%) 0.03


Indicator 1 .5 .3 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

National implementation of national disaster risk reduction strategies Implemented


Indicator 1 .5 .4 Local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies

Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in 2019 (%) 100


8

Target 1.A Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Source: UN database

Indicator 1 .a .2 Proportion of total government spending on essential services (%)

GOAL 1 Indicators currently missing data

Indicator 1 .4 .1 Population in households with access to basic services (%)

Indicator 1 .a .1 Domestically generated resources allocated to poverty reduction programmes (%)

Indicator 1 .a .3 Total grants and non-debt-creating inflows allocated to poverty reduction programmes as a proportion of GDP (%)

Indicator 1 .b .1 Proportion of government recurrent and capital spending to sectors that disproportionately benefit women, the poor and vulnerable groups

9

GOAL 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

Goal 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Finland has ended hunger and achieved food security decades ago. Thus, prevalence of undernourishment is small, almost non-existent. In recent years, total official flows to the agriculture sector have declined. There are no agricultural export subsidies in use in Finland.

Target 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round

Indicator 2 .1 .1 Prevalence of undernourishment

Prevalence of undernourishment in 2018 (%) Less than 2.5

Source: FAO estimate

Target 2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed

Indicator 2 .5 .2 Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk, not-at-risk or at unknown level of risk of extinction

Proportion of local breeds classified with the level of risk of extinction in 2018 (%) 22

Source: Finnish Environment Institute

Target 2.A Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Source: Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Indicator 2 .a .2 Total official flows (official development assistance plus other official flows) to the agriculture sector (Million euros)

10

Target 2.B Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round

Indicator 2 .b .1 Agricultural export subsidies

Agricultural export subsidies in 2019 (euros) 0

Source: Natural Resources Institute Finland


Indicator 2 .1 .2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)

Indicator 2 .2 .1 Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age (%)

Indicator 2 .2 .2 Prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age (%)

Indicator 2 .3 .1Volume of production per labour unit by enterprise size

Indicator 2 .3 .2 Average income of small-scale food producers (euros)

Indicator 2 .4 .1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture (%)

Indicator 2 .5 .1 Plant and animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in conservation facilities

Indicator 2 .a .1 The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures

Indicator 2 .c .1 Indicator of food price anomalies

11

GOAL 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Goal 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Finland has ensured healthy lives and promoted well-being for all age groups. The coverage of essential health services is increasing. The birth rate among adolescent girls is low. The proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel is high, and the maternal mortality rate and mortality among children aged under five is low. There has not been epidemics of diseases, and mortality from non-communicable diseases and suicides have also rapidly declined. Deaths and illness from hazardous chemicals and pollution, as well as contamination are rare. The death rate due to road traffic injuries is declining.

Target 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 3 .1 .1 Maternal mortality ratio (mortality per 100,000 live births)

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Source: Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare

Indicator 3 .1 .2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

12

Target 3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 3 .2 .1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


Indicator 3 .2 .2 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000)

Target 3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

0.045

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018Source: Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare

Indicator 3 .3 .1 Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population

13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 3 .3 .2 Tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 population

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 3 .3 .3 Malaria incidence per 1,000 population

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018Source: Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare

Indicator 3 .3 .4 Hepatitis B incidence per 100,000 population

Indicator 3 .3 .5 Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1 1 3 4 0 2 4


14

Target 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

Source: UN database

Indicator 3 .4 .1 Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Total Men Women


Indicator 3 .4 .2 Suicide Mortality Rate (per 100,000 population)

Target 3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 3 .5 .2 Harmful use of alcohol as alcohol per capita consumption (aged 15 years and older) in litres of pure alcohol

15

Target 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 3 .6 .1 Death rate due to road traffic injuries

Target 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


Indicator 3 .7 .2a Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 women; Aged 10–14 years

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


Indicator 3 .7 .2b Adolescent birth rate per 1,000 women; Aged 15–19 years

16

Target 3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2005 2010 2015 2017


Indicator 3 .8 .1 Coverage of essential health services (%)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990 1995 1998 2001 2006 2012 2016

Threshold 10% Threshold 25%


Indicator 3 .8 .2 Population with large household expenditures on health (%)

Target 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 3 .9 .2 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene

17

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2008 2012 201820162006 2010 2014

Total Men Women


Indicator 3 .9 .3 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning (per 100,000 population)

Target 3.A Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014


Indicator 3 .a .1 Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older

Target 3.B Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communica-ble and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use to the full the provisions in the Agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 3 .b .2 Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health sectors (Million euros)

18

Indicator 3 .b .3 Health facilities with a core set of essential medicines available on a sustainable basis

Health facilities with a core set of essential medicines available on a sustainable basis in 2019 (%) 100


Target 3.C Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Source: Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare

Indicator 3 .c .1 Health worker density (per 1,000 inhabitants)

Target 3.D Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks

Indicator 3 .d .1 IHR capacity and health emergency preparedness (%)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

IHR01 100 100 100 100 100 100

IHR02 90 100 100 73 73 90IHR03 65 95 100 95 95 100IHR04 78 86 100 94 94 100IHR05 73 65 80 63 63 90IHR06 100 100 100 100 100 100IHR07 83 75 80 80 80 80IHR08 63 50 96 91 91 96IHR09 80 85 97 91 91 97IHR10 92 100 100 100 100 100IHR11 100 100 100 87 87 100IHR12 57 58 100 77 77 92IHR13 100 100 100 92 92 100

Source: UN Database


Indicator 3 .5 .1 Coverage of treatment interventions (pharmacological, psychosocial and rehabilitation and aftercare services) for substance use disorders

Indicator 3 .7 .1 Women (aged 15–49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods (%)

Indicator 3 .9 .1 Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution

Indicator 3 .b .1 Target population covered by all vaccines included in their national programme (%)

19

GOAL 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

Goal 4 aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. The participation rate in organized learning, one year before primary entry age, is over 98 per cent. In Finland, learning outcomes in reading and mathematics are good and gender equitable, as parity indices are almost equal. Education facilities provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all.

Target 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

Indicator 4 .1 .1 Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex

2011 2012 2015 2016

Reading in grades 2/3 99.1 • • 98.3

Reading at the end of primary school • • • •

Reading at the end of lower secondary • • 88.9 •

Mathematics in grades 2/3 97.7 • 97.1 •

Mathematics at the end of primary school • • • •

Mathematics at the end of lower secondary • 87.7 86.4 •

· = not available Source: Statistics Finland

Target 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 4 .2 .2 Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age) (%)

20

Target 4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university

Indicator 4 .3 .1 Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training (%)

2007 2011 2016

Participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training (%) 55.0 55.7 54.1


Target 4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship

Indicator 4 .4 .1 Proportion of youth and adults with information and communications technology (ICT) skills, by type of skill (%)

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Youth and adults with ICT skills, %; Copying or moving a file or folder, aged 16–24 89 84 85 • 84

Youth and adults with ICT skills, %; Copying or moving a file or folder, aged 16–74 68 66 68 • 69

Copying or moving a file or folder, aged 16–89 62 60 62 • 63

Using basic arithmetic formulae in a spreadsheet, aged 16–24 59 64 62 70 69



Commissioning software, aged 16–24 92 95 91 • 91



Creating electronic presentations with software, aged 16–24 72 73 74 71 75



Transferring files, aged 16–24 88 88 85 • 78



Writing a computer program, aged 16–24 13 16 22 20 19

Writing a computer program, aged 16–74 8 9 10 11 10

Writing a computer program, aged 16–89 7 8 9 10 9• = not available Source: Statistics Finland

21

Target 4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations

Indicator 4 .5 .1 Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict-affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregated

2011 2012 2015

Parity index (female/male) in reading in grades 2/3 1.01 • •

Parity index (female/male) in reading at the end of primary • • •

Parity index (female/male) in reading at the end of lower secondary • 1.14 1.12

Parity index (female/male) in mathematics in grades 2/3 1.01 • 1.02

Parity index (female/male) in mathematics at the end of primary • • •

Parity index (female/male) in mathematics at the end of lower secondary • 1.04 1.05

Parity index (rural/urban) in reading in grades 2/3 1.00 • •

Parity index (rural/urban) in reading at the end of primary • • •

Parity index (rural/urban) in reading at the end of lower secondary • 0.98 0.97

Parity index (rural/urban) in mathematics in grades 2/3 0.99 • 1.00

Parity index (rural/urban) in mathematics at the end of primary • • •

Parity index (rural/urban) in mathematics at the end of lower secondary • 0.97 0.97

Parity index (Low/High socio-economic status) in reading in grades 2/3 0.98 • •

• = not available Source: Statistics Finland

Target 4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy

Indicator 4 .6 .1 Proportion of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills (%)

2012

Literacy skills 89.4

Numeracy skills 87.2


Target 4.A Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all

Indicator 4 .a .1 Proportion of schools with access to (a) electricity; (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic handwashing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions) (%)

(a) electricity 100(b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes 100(c) computers for pedagogical purposes 100(d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities 100(e) basic drinking water 100(f) single-sex basic sanitation facilities 100(g) basic handwashing facilities 100

Source: Ministry of Education and Culture

22

Target 4.B By 2020, substantially expand globally the number of scholarships available to developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and African countries, for enrolment in higher education, including vocational training and information and communications technology, technical, engineering and scientific programmes, in developed countries and other developing countries

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

80 000

90 000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 4 .b .1 Volume of official development assistance flows for scholarships (euros)


Indicator 4 .2 .1 Children (under 5 years) developmentally on track in health, learning and psychosocial well-being (%)

Indicator 4 .7 .1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable development are mainstreamed at all levels in education

Indicator 4 .c .1 Teachers who have received at least the minimum teacher training required at the relevant level (%)

23

GOAL 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Goal 5 aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. In Finland, the share of women aged 20 to 24 years who were married or in a union before the age of 18 is low. The proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work is slightly higher for women than for men. Women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership are well met at all levels of decision-making. Currently, 41.5 per of members of parliament are women, 39 per cent of local council members are women and women hold 31.3 per cent of managerial positions. Legislation guarantees equal rights to both sexes. The share of girls and women subjected to violence is low and it has decreased rapidly.

Target 5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere

Indicator 5 .1 .1 Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non discrimination on the basis of sex

Existence of legal frameworks to enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex Exists

Source: Ombudsman for Equality

Target 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation

Indicator 5 .2 .1 Ever-partnered women and girls (15+ years) subjected to physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner (%)

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Total 5.8 4.5 5.4 5.1 3.9 4.3

15–24 years old 10.0 8.0 8.4 7.6 6.5 5.525-34 years old 6.9 7.1 8.3 7.1 5.0 5.435–44 years old 7.8 4.0 6.7 3.7 5.1 6.845–54 years old 5.1 3.6 4.5 4.7 2.8 4.255–64 years old 3.5 2.7 3.1 4.7 2.8 2.965–74 years old 2.2 2.2 2.3 3.0 1.7 1.7

Source: Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy (Krimo), University of Helsinki

24

Indicator 5 .2 .2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence (%)

2016 2017 2018

Women and girls (15+ years) subjected to sexual violence by other than an intimate partner, Total 1.2 1.4 1.5Women and girls (15+ years) subjected to sexual violence by other than an intimate partner, 15–24 years old 3.7 4.8 4.6Women and girls (15+ years) subjected to sexual violence by other than an intimate partner, 25–34 years old 2.8 1.6 3.3Women and girls (15+ years) subjected to sexual violence by other than an intimate partner, 35–44 years old 0.4 0.6 0.5Women and girls (15+ years) subjected to sexual violence by other than an intimate partner, 45–54 years 0.0 0.7 0.3Women and girls (15+ years) subjected to sexual violence by other than an intimate partner, 55–64 years 0.6 0.6 0.4Women and girls (15+ years) subjected to sexual violence by other than an intimate partner, 65–74 years old 0.2 0.4 0.2


Target 5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


Indicator 5 .3 .1 Proportion of women aged 20–24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18 (%)

Indicator 5 .3 .2 Proportion of girls and women aged 15–49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting

Birthers (17–50 years) undergone female genital mutilation/cutting in 2017–2018 (%) 0.35


25

Target 5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate

Indicator 5 .4 .1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex and age (%)

2010

Total 0.12

Female 0.15Male 0.1010–14 years old 0.0315–24 years old 0.0625–44 years old 0.1545–54 years old 0.1255–64 years old 0.1465+ years old 0.15Urban 10+ years old 0.12Rural 10+ years old 0.14


Target 5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019


Indicator 5 .5 .1 .a Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2017Source: Statistics Finland

Indicator 5 .5 .1 .b Proportion of seats held by women in local government (%)

26

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017


Indicator 5 .5 .2 Proportion of women in managerial positions (%)

Target 5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences

Indicator 5 .6 .1 Proportion of women aged 15–49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care

Women (15–49 years) who make their own decisions on sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care in 2019 (%) 100


Indicator 5 .6 .2 Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee women aged 15–49 years access to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education

Laws and regulations that guarantee access to women (15+ years) to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education (%) 100


Target 5.A Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws

Indicator 5 .a .1 .a Agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land (%)

2000 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2016

Total 40.7 37.5 39.9 41.2 41.2 43.1 51.3

Men 56.8 53.1 54.6 55.8 54.9 56.7 67.1Women 12.1 9.5 11.8 12.7 13.0 14.9 18.0


27

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000 2003 2005 2007 2010 2013 2016


Indicator 5 .a .1 .b Share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land (%)

Indicator 5 .a .2 Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control

Legal framework guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control Implemented


Target 5.B Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women

Indicator 5 .b .1 Individuals (16–74 years) who own a mobile telephone (%)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Total 96 97 97 98 98 98

Men 98 98 98 98 98 98Women 94 96 97 97 98 98


Target 5.C Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

Indicator 5 .c .1 Countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment (%)

Systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment

Approaches requirements


28

GOAL 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Goal 6 aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. These targets have already been met in past in Finland. The entire population uses safely managed drinking water services and safely managed sanitation services. In Finland, 98 per cent of wastewater is safely treated and 83 per cent of bodies of water have good ambient water quality.

Target 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all

Indicator 6 .1 .1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services in 2019 ( %) 100


Target 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations

Indicator 6 .2 .1 Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a hand-washing facility with soap and water

Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services in 2019 (%) 100


Target 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally

Indicator 6 .3 .1 Proportion of wastewater safely treated

Proportion of wastewater safely treated in 2019 (%) 98


Indicator 6 .3 .2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality

2008 2013 2018

Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality (%) 71 76 83


29

Target 6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity

Indicator 6 .4 .2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources (%)

Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources 2.6

a Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources, %; Ground water 0.2

b Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources, %; Surface water 2.0

c Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources, %; Cooling water 0.4


Target 6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate

Indicator 6 .5 .1 Degree of integrated water resources management implementation

Degree of integrated water resources management implementation in 2019 (0–100) 100


Indicator 6 .5 .2 Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation

Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation in 2019 (%) 100


Target 6.A By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


Indicator 6 .a .1 Amount of water- and sanitation-related official development assistance that is part of a government-coordinated spending plan (euros)


Indicator 6 .4 .1 Change in water-use efficiency over time

Indicator 6 .6 .1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time

Indicator 6 .b .1 Local administrative units with policies and procedures for participation of local communities in water and sanitation management

30

GOAL 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

Goal 7 aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. In Finland, access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services has already been ensured, the share of renewable energy has increased substantially, and energy intensity has nearly doubled. Finland has also, since 2015, started to finance developing countries to build clean energy systems.

Target 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services

Indicator 7 .1 .1 Proportion of population with access to electricity

Proportion of population with access to electricity in 2019 (%) 100


Indicator 7 .1 .2 Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology

Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology in 2019 (%) 100


Target 7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 7 .2 .1 Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption (%)

31

Target 7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017Source: Statistics Finland

Indicator 7 .3 .1 Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP

Target 7.A By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy technology

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 7 .a .1 International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems (Million euros)

Target 7.B By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and land-locked developing countries, in accordance with their respective programmes of support

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

Source: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment

Indicator 7 .b .1a Investments in energy efficiency as a proportion of GDP (%)

32


Indicator 7 .b .1b Amount of foreign direct investment in financial transfer for infrastructure and technology to sustainable development services

33

GOAL 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

Goal 8 aims to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Annual GDP growth in Finland has been around two per cent in recent years. The material footprint is around six hectares while the EU average is 4.7 hectares. Material consumption in relation to GDP has been decreasing, but total material consumption has not decreased. Tourism GDP as a proportion of total GDP has grown to 2.7 per cent in 2018.

In recent years, unemployment has decreased. The overall unemployment rate was 8.6 per cent and the unemployment rate of young people aged 15 to 25 years was 20.1 per cent in 2017. Currently, less than 8 per cent of young people are not in education, employment or training in Finland.

Target 8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries

Target 8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors

–15

–10

–5

0

5

10

15

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 8 .1 .1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita (%) Indicator 8 .2 .1 Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person (%)

34

Target 8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10-year framework of programmes on sustainable consumption and production, with developed countries taking the lead

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Source: Global Footprint Network

Indicator 8 .4 .1 Material footprint (hectares per capita)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 8 .4 .2 Domestic material consumption (1990=100) Domestic material consumption per capita (1990=100) Domestic material consumption per GDP (1990=100)

Target 8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with equal pay for work of equal value

0

5

10

15

20

25

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

Total Men Women


Indicator 8 .5 .1 Average hourly earnings of employees (euros)

35

15–24 years old 25–34 years old35–44 years old 45–54 years old55–64 years old

Total Men Women

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 8 .5 .2 Unemployment rate (%)

Target 8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Source: Statistics Finland

Indicator 8 .6 .1 Proportion of youth (aged 15–24 years) not in education, employment or training (%)

Target 8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 8 .8 .1a Frequency rates of fatal occupational injuries (Deaths per 100,000 employees)

36

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Total Men Women


Indicator 8 .8 .1b Frequency rates of non-fatal occupational injuries (Injuries per 100,000 employees)

Target 8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017


Indicator 8 .9 .1 Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP (%)

Target 8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial institutions to encourage and expand access to banking, insurance and financial services for all

Number of commercial bank branches

Number of automated teller machines (ATMs)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Source: Bank of Finland

Indicator 8 .10 .1 Number of commercial bank branches and number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults

37

Indicator 8 .10 .2 Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider

Adults (15+ years) with an account at a bank or other financial institution in 2019 (%) 100


Target 8.A Increase Aid for Trade support for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, including through the Enhanced Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 8 .a .1 Aid for Trade commitments and disbursements (Million euros)


Indicator 8 .3 .1 Proportion of informal employment in non-agriculture employment

Indicator 8 .7 .1 Proportion and number of children aged 5-17 years engaged in child labour (%)

Indicator 8 .8 .2 Level of national compliance of labour rights based on ILO textual sources and national legislation

Indicator 8 .9 .2 Proportion of jobs in sustainable tourism industries out of total tourism jobs (%)

Indicator 8 .b .1 Existence of a national strategy for youth employment

38

GOAL 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Goal 9 aims to build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. These targets are well reached in Finland. Nearly the entire rural population lives within two kilometres of an all-season road. Mobile networks cover 99.9 per cent of the population in Finland. Share of manufacturing of GDP has fallen to 17.8 per cent and manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment has declined. There is a declining trend of CO2 emissions per unit of value added in Finland. The proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added is 0.42 per cent. Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP shows a peaking ratio in 2010 followed by a declining trend.

Target 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all

Indicator 9 .1 .1 Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road

Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road in 2019 (%) 99.9


Indicator 9 .1 .2 Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Domestic road transport, freight volume, 1,000 tonnes 356,679 390,510 364,827 367,448 367,531 364,774 382,063 386,886 324,392 361,482

Domestic road transport, freight volume, million tonnekilometres 26,327 27,681 26,430 26,798 27,246 25,061 25,322 27,264 23,770 25,401

Railway transport (domestic and international total), freight, 1,000 tonnes 41,678 41,679 43,503 42,663 40,722 43,560 40,288 41,937 32,860 35,795

Railway transport (domestic and international total), freight, million tonnekilometres 9,857 9,664 10,047 10,105 9,706 11,060 10,433 10,777 8,872 9,750

Railway transport (domestic and international total),1,000 passengers 54,987 57,695 59,909 60,134 63,493 63,802 66,685 69,937 67,555 68,950

Air transport (domestic and international total), freight volume, 1,000 tonnes 97 96 122 133 135 145 155 159 134 168

Air transport (domestic and international), 1,000 passengers 13,726 12,957 13,114 14,546 15,073 16,289 17,286 17,522 16,173 16,380

39

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Domestic road transport, freight volume, 1,000 tonnes 312,924 293,592 269,450 273,879 267,465 274,541 277,867 270,739 265,950

Domestic road transport, freight volume, million tonnekilometres 23,770 21,927 20,967 20,297 21,433 24,586 26,329 25,969 26,711

Railway transport (domestic and international total), freight, 1,000 tonnes 34,827 35,267 36,433 37,008 33,392 36,161 38,467 40,721 •

Railway transport (domestic and international total), freight, million tonnekilometres 9,395 9,275 9,470 9,597 8,468 9,455 10,362 11,175 •

Railway transport (domestic and international total),1,000 passengers 68,376 69,331 69,318 68,262 75,952 82,115 85,703 87,502 •

Air transport (domestic and international total), freight volume, 1,000 tonnes 182 204 199 195 184 188 200 207 226

Air transport (domestic and international), 1,000 passengers 18,964 19,085 18,908 19,602 20,047 20,787 22,700 24,987 26,267


Target 9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


Indicator 9 .2 .1a Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP (%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Indicator 9 .2 .1b Manufacturing value added per capita (1,000 euros)

40

0

5

10

15

20

25

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 9 .2 .2 Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment (%)

Target 9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016Source: Statistics Finland

Indicator 9 .4 .1 CO2 emission per unit of value added (kt CO2 / Million euro)

Target 9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 9 .5 .1 Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (%)

41

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200


Indicator 9 .5 .2 Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants

Target 9.A Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 9 .a .1 Total official international support to infrastructure (Million euros)

Target 9.B Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities

Indicator 9 .b .1 Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added

Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added in 2016 (%) 0.42


42

Target 9.C Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020

Indicator 9 .c .1 Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology (%)

2014 2015 2016

2G technology 99.99 99.99 99.99

3G technology 95.00 99.90 99.90

4G technology 95.00 99.90 99.90

Source: UN database


Indicator 9 .3 .1 Proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value added (%)

Indicator 9 .3 .2 Proportion of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit (%)

43

GOAL 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries

Goal 10 aims to reduce inequality within and among countries. In Finland, the year-on-year change of mean income has decreased and the growth rate of equivalent disposable money income per capita has stagnated. The income of the bottom 40 per cent of the population has not been growing in recent years. The labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers was 52.7 per cent in 2017. Only 2.8 per cent of the population report having personally felt discriminated. Finland has implemented a well-managed migration policy. Total resource flows for development have declined since 2014.

Target 10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Bottom 40 % of population Total population


Indicators 10 .1 .1a and 10 .1 .1b Year-to-year change of mean income

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Bottom 40 % of population Total populationSource: Statistics Finland

Indicators 10 .1 .1c and 10 .1 .1d Growth rate of the mean of equivalent disposable money income per capita (2015=100)

44

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 10 .1 .1e Income share of the bottom 40% of the population (%)

Target 10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status

Indicator 10 .2 .1 Proportion of people with activity limitations living below 60 per cent of median income, by age and sex (%)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Men, 16–24 years 19.6 17.7 31.1 24.5 18 34.4 28.6 27.8 30.1Women, 16–24 years 27.9 35.9 28.1 19.9 31.8 45.8 34.8 29.6 31.2Men 16+ years 17.1 15.5 17.2 14.9 15.5 16.2 15.5 14.2 15.3Women, 16+ years 17.7 20.6 18.9 15.5 19.5 17.1 15.2 14.2 15.5Men, 25–34 years 17.1 14.3 15.2 21.4 29.7 29.7 32.1 21.7 23.5Women, 25–34 years 10.6 9.4 15.6 12.2 22.8 15.0 8.6 8.2 9.8Men, 35–44 years 21.1 15.4 10.5 9.3 12.8 10.0 6.3 13.2 15.2Women, 35–44 years 8.6 10.8 12.9 6.4 7.3 5.8 9.6 13.6 8.1Men 45–54 years 21.9 14.1 16.2 13.8 16.9 9.5 20.2 18.0 16.4Women 45–54 years 11.1 19.7 12.0 10.8 10.2 10.9 11.0 5.7 8.1Men 55–64 years 15.0 18.2 20.9 14.2 12.5 19.3 13.8 14.9 14.7Women 55–64 years 10.9 10.9 9.2 12.0 16.9 14.2 12.7 12.3 9.6Men, 65+ years 14.3 14.4 16.4 14.4 13.2 12.7 10.7 8.5 10.7Women, 65+ years 27.1 27.6 28.5 22.7 23.8 20.2 18.2 17.2 21.1

• = not available Source: Statistics Finland

Target 10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Indicator 10 .3 .1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated (%)

45

Target 10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016Source: ILOSTAT

Indicator 10 .4 .1 Labour share of GDP, comprising wages and social protection transfers (%)

Target 10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations

Indicator 10 .5 .1 Financial Soundness Indicators (%)

2019

Regulatory Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets 18.0Regulatory Tier 1 capital to assets 5.8Nonperforming loans net of provisions to capital 10.2Nonperforming loans to total gross loans 1.4Return on assets 0.6Liquid assets to short-term liabilities 38.4Residential real estate prices 0.4


Target 10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies

Indicator 10 .7 .2 Number of countries that have implemented well-managed migration policies

Implementation of well-managed migration policies Implemented

Source: Finnish Immigration Service

Target 10.B Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmes

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Source: Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Indicator 10 .b .1 Total resource flows for development (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows) (Milllion euros)

46


Indicator 10 .6 .1 Members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations (%)

Global indicator, not applicable to Finland

Indicator 10 .7 .1 Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of yearly income earned in country of destination (%)

Indicator 10 .a .1 Tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff (%)

Indicator 10 .c .1 Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted

47

GOAL 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Goal 11 aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. All cities in Finland have direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management required by legislation. All local governments have adopted and implemented national disaster risk reduction strategies and all cities also implement regional plans integrating population projections and resource needs.

Data show that 94 per cent of all population has convenient access to public transport in Finland and 99.2 per cent in Helsinki. All urban solid waste is regularly collected with adequate final discharge in all cities. Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in cities as population weighted, have been decreasing and is at a low level in Finland.

Target 11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with older persons

Indicator 11 .2 .1 Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age

Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport in 2019 (%) 94


Target 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2010–2011 2011–2012 2012–2013 2013–2014 2014–2015 2015–2016 2016–2017 2017–2018


Indicator 11 .3 .1 Ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate

48

Indicator 11 .3 .2 Proportion of cities with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and management that operate regularly and democratically

Cities with a direct participation structure of civil society in urban planning and managementin 2019 (%) 100

Source: Ministry of Environment

Target 11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and substantially decrease the direct economic losses relative to global gross domestic product caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Source: Ministry of Interior

Indicator 11 .5 .1 Number of directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population

Target 11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management

Indicator 11 .6 .1 Proportion of urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste generated, by cities

Urban solid waste regularly collected and with adequate final discharge out of total urban solid waste; all cities in 2019 (%) 100


0

5

10

15

20

25

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

PM2.5 PM10

Source: Finnish Meteorological Institute

Indicator 11 .6 .2 Annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and PM10) in cities (population weighted) (μg/m3)

49

Target 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons

0

5

10

15

20

25

2006/2007 2008/2009 2010/2011 2013 2015 2019Source: Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare

Indicator 11 .7 .2 Proportion of persons victim of physical or sexual harassment in the previous 12 months (%)

Target 11.A Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning

Indicator 11 .a .1 Proportion of population living in cities that implement urban and regional development plans integrating population projections and resource needs, by size of city

Population living in cities that implement regional plans integrating population projections and resource needs in 2019 (%) 100


Target 11.B By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels

Indicator 11 .b .1 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030a

Adoptation and implementation of national disaster risk reduction strategies Implemented


Indicator 11 .b .2 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

Local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in 2019 (%) 100


Target 11.C Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local materials

Indicator 11 .c .1 Proportion of financial support to the least developed countries that is allocated to the construction and retrofitting of sustainable, resilient and resource-efficient buildings utilizing local materials

Financial support to the least developed countries allocated to the construction and retrofitting of sustainable buildings in 2019 (%) 0

Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs

50


Indicator 11 .1 .1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing

Indicator 11 .4 .1 Total expenditure per capita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural heritage (euros)

Indicator 11 .5 .2 Direct economic loss in relation to global GDP, damage to critical infrastructure and number of disruptions to basic services, attributed to disasters

Indicator 11 .7 .1 Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all (%)

51

GOAL 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Goal 12 aims to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.The material footprint per capita in Finland is some 7 global hectares per capita, whereas the EU average in 2014 was 4.7 global hectares per capita and the world average was 2.75 hectares in 2016. Domestic material consumption per GDP has decreased in Finland but stayed on a high level in the absolute terms and per capita.

Hazardous waste is well treated in Finland. The recycling rate of municipal waste was 98.6 per cent in 2017 and the absolute amount of waste recycled is growing in Finland. Some 60 companies are currently publishing sustainability reports in Finland.

Target 12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Source: Global Footprint Network

Indicator 12 .2 .1 Material footprint (hectares per capita)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 12 .2 .2 Domestic material consumption (1990=100) Domestic material consumption per capita (1990=100) Domestic material consumption per GDP (1990=100)

52

Target 12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, in accordance with agreed international frameworks, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


Indicator 12 .4 .2a Hazardous waste generated per capita (kilograms)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Indicator 12 .4 .2b Hazardous waste treated; total (1000 tonnes)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Landfill (1,000 tonnes)

IncinerationOther

Recovery as energy

Recycling and backfilling


Indicator 12 .4 .2c Hazardous waste treated, by type of treatment (1000 tonnes)

53

Target 12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Indicator 12 .5 .1a National recycling rate; municipal waste (%)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Indicator 12 .5 .1b National recycling rate; municipal waste (tons of material recycled)

Target 12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and transnational companies, to adopt sustainable practices and to integrate sustainability information into their reporting cycle

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Source: FIBS

Indicator 12 .6 .1 Number of companies publishing sustainability reports

54

Target 12.A Support developing countries to strengthen their scientific and technological capacity to move towards more sustainable patterns of consumption and production

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 12 .a .1 Support to developing countries on research and development for sustainable consumption and production (Million euros)


Indicator 12 .1 .1 Number of countries with sustainable consumption and production (SCP) national action plans or SCP mainstreamed as a priority or a target into national policies

Indicator 12 .3 .1 Global food loss index

Indicator 12 .4 .1 Number of parties to international multilateral environmental agreements on hazardous waste

Indicator 12 .7 .1 Number of countries implementing sustainable public procurement policies and action plans

Indicator 12 .8 .1 Extent to which global citizenship education and education for sustainable development are mainstreamed in education

Indicator 12 .b .1 Number of sustainable tourism strategies or policies and implemented action plans

Indicator 12 .c .1 Amount of fossil-fuel subsidies per unit of GDP and as a proportion of total national expenditure on fossil fuels

55

GOAL 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

Goal 13 aims to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Finland and all local government have adopted and implemented national disaster risk reduction strategies. Finland has established an integrated policy, which increases the ability to adapt to the climate change.

Finland has integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula. Finland has communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer.

Target 13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 13 .1 .1 Number of persons affected by disaster per 100,000

Indicator 13 .1 .2 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies

Adoptation and implemention of national disaster risk reduction strategies Implemented


Indicator 13 .1 .3 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies

Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in 2019 (%) 100


56

Target 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

Indicator 13 .2 .1 Number of countries that have communicated the establishment or operationalization of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development in a manner that does not threaten food production (including a national adaptation plan, nationally determined contribution, national communication, biennial update report or other)

Communication of the establishment of an integrated policy/strategy/plan which increases their ability to adapt to the climate change Communicated

Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Target 13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning

Indicator 13 .3 .1 Number of countries that have integrated mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary, secondary and tertiary curricula

a Integration of mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into primary curricula Integrated

b Integration of mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into secondary curricula Integrated

c Integration of mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning into tertiary curricula Integrated


Indicator 13 .3 .2 Number of countries that have communicated the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer, and development actions

Communication of the strengthening of institutional, systemic and individual capacity-building to implement adaptation, mitigation and technology transfer Communicated



Indicator 13 .a .1 Mobilized money per year between 2020 and 2025 accountable towards the USD100 billion commitment, USD

Indicator 13 .b .1 Least developed countries and small island developing States that receive support, and amount of support, for raising capacities for climate change-related planning and management

57

GOAL 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

Goal 14 aims to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. Finland has reduced coastal eutrophication to 2.04 per cent and implemented national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches. Protected areas cover 10 per cent of marine areas. Finland is also making progress in accepting ocean-related instruments that implement international law for the sustainable use of the oceans.

Target 14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


Indicator 14 .1 .1 Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density

Target 14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

Indicator 14 .2 .1 Proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches

Proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches in 2019 (%) 100


Target 14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information

Indicator 14 .5 .1 Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas

Coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas in 2019 (%) 10


58

Target 14.C Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want

Indicator 14 .c .1 Number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea, for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources

Progress in accepting ocean-related instruments that implement international law for the sustainable use of the oceans Implemented



Indicator 14 .3 .1 Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations

Indicator 14 .4 .1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels

Indicator 14 .6 .1 Progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal fishing

Indicator 14 .7 .1 Sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP in small island developing States, least developed countries and all countries (%)

Indicator 14 .a .1 Proportion of total research budget allocated to research in the marine technology (%)

Indicator 14 .b .1 Progress by countries in the degree of application of a regulatory framework which protects access rights for small-scale fisheries

59

GOAL 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

Goal 15 aims to protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss. Finland has adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits. Finland has also established national legislation as well as control and prevention of invasive alien species. National targets are established in accordance with the Aichi Biodiversity Target 2. Forest area covers 86.4 per cent of the land area in Finland. There is no land that is degraded.

Target 15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

Indicator 15 .1 .1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area

Forest area as a proportion of total land area in 2018 (%) 86.4

Source: Natural Resources Institute of Finland

Target 15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

Indicator 15 .5 .1 Red List Index

2010 2018

Red List Index 0.863 0.868


Target 15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed

Indicator 15 .6 .1 Number of countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits

Countries that have adopted legislative, administrative and policy frameworks to ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits Adopted


60

Target 15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species

Indicator 15 .8 .1 Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species

Adoptation of national legislation and resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species Adopted

Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Target 15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development processes, poverty reduction strategies and accounts

Indicator 15 .9 .1 Progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020

Progress towards national targets established in accordance with Aichi Biodiversity Target 2 Established

Implementation of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) Partly implemented

Source: Ministry of Environment, Finnish Environment Institute

Target 15.A Mobilize and significantly increase financial resources from all sources to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 15 .a .1 Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems (Million euros)

Target 15.B Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management and provide adequate incentives to developing countries to advance such management, including for conservation and reforestation

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018Source: Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Indicator 15 .b .1 Official development assistance and public expenditure on conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and ecosystems (Million euros)

61


Indicator 15 .1 .2aProportion of sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas (%); by ecosystem type; IBA-sites (%)

Indicator 15 .1 .2bProportion of sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type; AZE-sites (%)

Indicator 15 .3 .1Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area (%)

Indicator 15 .2 .1 Progress towards sustainable forest management

Indicator 15 .4 .1 Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity

Indicator 15 .4 .2 Mountain Green Cover Index

Indicator 15 .7 .1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked (%)

Indicator 15 .c .1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked

62

GOAL 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Goal 16 aims to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. In Finland, the number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population is declining. In all, 14 per cent of the population have reported to authorities that they have been subjected to physical, psychological or sexual violence. There are 0.77 victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population. There are 19.21 per cent unsentenced detainees compared to the overall prison population in Finland.

The births of all children aged under five have been registered with a civil authority. Finland has adopted and implemented constitutional, statutory and policy guarantees for public access to information. Finland has independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles. The proportion of the population reporting having personally felt discriminated in the working life is 2.8 per cent in Finland.

Target 16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0


Indicator 16 .1 .1 Number of victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population, by sex

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Total Men Women


Indicator 16 .1 .3 Proportion of population subjected to physical or sexual violence in the previous 12 months

63

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy (Krimo), University of Helsinki

Indicator 16 .1 .4 Proportion of population that feel safe walking alone around the area they live (%)

Target 16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children

Indicator 16 .2 .2 Number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population and by form of exploitation

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Total number of victims of human trafficking per 100,000 population 0.51 0.79 0.58 0.78 0.91 0.94 1.27Victims trafficked for forced labour per 100,000 population 0.26 0.48 0.36 0.67 0.60 0.36 0.60Victims trafficked for sexual exploitation per 100,000 population • 0.20 0.13 0,07 0.15 0.33 •

Victims trafficked for other purposes per 100,000 population • 0.11 0.09 0.04 0.16 0.25 •

Source: National Assistance System for Victims of Human Traffiking

Target 16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all

Indicator 16 .3 .2 Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population

2005 2016

Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population (%) 13.27 19.21

Source: UN database

Target 16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime

Indicator 16 .4 .2 Proportion of seized, found or surrendered arms whose illicit origin or context has been traced by a competent authority (%)

2015 2016

Seized legal and illegal arms 3,675 5,384

Source: Police University College

64

Target 16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration

Indicator 16 .9 .1 Proportion of children under 5 years of age whose births have been registered with a civil authority, by age

Proportion of children under 5 years whose births have been registered with a civil authority in 2019 (%) 100


Target 16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in accordance with national legislation and international agreements

Indicator 16 .10 .1 Number of verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, associated media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in the previous 12 months

Verified cases of killing, kidnapping, enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture of journalists, media personnel, trade unionists and human rights advocates in 2019 0


Indicator 16 .10 .2 Number of countries that adopt and implement constitutional, statutory and/or policy guarantees for public access to information

Adoptation and Implementation of constitutional, statutory and/or policy guaranteesfor public access to information Implemented


Target 16.A Strengthen relevant national institutions, including through international cooperation, for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime

Indicator 16 .a .1 Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles

Existence of independent national human rights institutions in compliance with the Paris Principles Exists

Source: UN High Commission for Refugees

Target 16.B Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Source: Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy (Krimo), University of Helsinki

Indicator 16 .b .1 Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months in the working life on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights law (%)

65


Indicator 16 .1 .2 Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population

Indicator 16 .2 .1 Proportion of children aged 1–17 years who experienced physical punishment and/or psychological aggression by caregivers (%)

Indicator 16 .2 .3 Proportion of women and men aged 18-29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 (%)

Indicator 16 .3 .1 Proportion of victims of violence who reported their victimization to competent authorities (%)

Indicator 16 .4 .1 Value of inward and outward illicit financial flows (euros)

Indicator 16 .5 .1 Proportion of persons who paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by public officials (%)

Indicator 16 .5 .2 Proportion of businesses that paid a bribe to a public official, or were asked for a bribe by public officials (%)

Indicator 16 .6 .1 Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%); by sector

Indicator 16 .6 .2 Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services (%)

Indicator 16 .7 .1 Proportions of positions in public institutions compared to national distributions; by sex, age

Indicator 16 .7 .2 Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive (%)

Indicator 16 .8 .1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations (%)

GOAL 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

Goal 17 aims to strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development. The total government revenue as a proportion of GDP in Finland is 53.2 per cent. Foreign direct investments and official development assistance as a proportion of the total domestic budget was 3.4 per cent in 2018. Finland has mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development. In all, 94 per cent of individuals are using the Internet.

Finland has national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation. Finland has conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years. Finland has achieved a 100 per cent birth and death registration rate.

FINANCE

Target 17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 17 .1 .1 Total government revenue as a proportion of GDP (%)

66

67

Target 17.2 Developed countries to implement fully their official development assistance commitments, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of ODA/GNI to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA providers are encouraged to consider setting a target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018


Indicator 17 .2 .1a Net official development assistance (total) as a proportion of OECD Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross national income (%)

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 17 .2 .1b Net official development assistance to least developed countries, as a proportion of OECD Development Assistance Committee donors’ gross national income (%)

Target 17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for developing countries from multiple sources

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 17 .3 .1 Foreign direct investments and official development assistance as a proportion of total domestic budget (%)

68

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Credit Debit


Indicator 17 .3 .2 Volume of remittances as a proportion of total GDP (%)

TECHNOLOGY

Target 17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular regional and international cooperation on and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed terms, including through improved coordination among existing mechanisms, in particular at the United Nations level, and through a global technology facilitation mechanism

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Less than 10 MBPS

10 MBPS or higher

Source: The Finnish Transport and Communications Agency Traficom

Indicator 17 .6 .2 Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

Target 17.7 Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 17 .7 .1 Amount of funding for developing countries to promote the development of environmentally sound technologies (euros)

69

Target 17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and science, technology and innovation capacity-building mechanism for least developed countries by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


Indicator 17 .8 .1

Proportion of individuals using the Internet (%)

CAPACITY-BUILDING

Target 17.9 Enhance international support for implementing effective and targeted capacity-building in developing countries to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including through North-South, South-South and triangular cooperation

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 17 .9 .1 Value of financial and technical assistance (including through North-South and triangular cooperation) committed to developing countries (1,000 euros)

SYSTEMIC ISSUESPolicy and Institutional coherence

Target 17.14 Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development

Indicator 17 .14 .1 Number of countries with mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development

Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development In place

Source: Prime Minister’s Office

70

Data, monitoring and accountability

Target 17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts

Indicator 17 .18 .1 Proportion of sustainable development indicators produced at the national level with full disaggregation when relevant to the target, in accordance with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

Proportion of sustainable development indicators produced at the national level with full disaggregation in 2019 (%) 0


Indicator 17 .18 .2 Number of countries that have national statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

National statistical legislation that complies with the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics Exists


Indicator 17 .18 .3 Number of countries with a national statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation, by source of funding

National statistical plan that is fully funded and under implementation Exists


Target 17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop measurements of progress on sustainable development that complement gross domestic product, and support statistical capacity-building in developing countries

0

100

200

300

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2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018


Indicator 17 .19 .1

Resources made available to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries (1000 euros)

Indicator 17 .19 .2a Countries that have conducted at least one population and housing census in the last 10 years

At least one population and housing census conducted in the last 10 years Conducted


Indicator 17 .19 .2b Countries that have achieved 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration

Achievement of 100 per cent birth registration and 80 per cent death registration Achieved


71


Indicator 17 .1 .2 Proportion of domestic budget funded by domestic taxes (%)

Indicator 17 .4 .1 Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services (%)

Indicator 17 .5 .1 Number of countries that adopt and implement investment promotion regimes for least developed countries

Indicator 17 .6 .1 Number of science and/or technology cooperation agreements and programmes between countries, by type of cooperation

Indicator 17 .10 .1 Worldwide weighted tariff-average

Indicator 17 .11 .1 Developing countries’ and least developed countries’ share of global exports (%)

Indicator 17 .12 .1 Average tariffs faced by developing countries, least developed countries and small island developing states

Indicator 17 .13 .1 Macroeconomic Dashboard

Indicator 17 .15 .1 Extent of use of country-owned results frameworks and planning tools by providers of development cooperation

Indicator 17 .16 .1 Countries reporting progress in multi-stakeholder development effectiveness monitoring frameworks that support the sustainable development goals

Indicator 17 .17 .1 Amount of United States dollars committed to public-private and civil society partnerships

Progress towards implementing the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development isfollowed-up and reviewed by using a set of global indicators. The global SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs) indicator framework was first agreed upon by the UnitedNations Statistical Commission and adopted by the General Assembly in 2017. Itconsists of over 230 unique indicators and it aims to ensure a balance across goalsand targets of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development.

This report ”Sustainable Development Goals Indicators for Finland” provides, inthe form of statistics and graphics, key data for reviewing the progress made inimplementing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets. At themoment, data are available for over 64 per cent of global indicators from national orinternational sources.

The data are also available at https://stat.fi/un-indicators

Communication and Information Services Statistics Finland tel. +358 29 551 2220 www.stat.fi

ISBN 978–952–244–661–9 (pdf) ISBN 978–952–244–662–6 (print)

9 789522 446626

http://www.stat.fi/tup/kestavan-kehityksen-yk-indikaattorit-agenda2030_en.html

sustainable development goals...the global sustainable development goals (sdgs) indicator framework...

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