Sustainable Development Goals

Submitted by: Muhammad Qasim AshrafFinal Project: Development Finance Impact Project-Digital

Aircraft ( A case study of Pakistan)

Basic purpose

Core Issue: Sustainable Cities and Communities

• The eleventh and most important goal of 17 initiatives taken in Un Summit 2015 is to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Facts and Figures

• Half of humanity – 3.5 billion people – lives in cities today• By 2030, almost 60 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban

areas• 95 per cent of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in

developing world• 828 million people live in slums today and the number keeps rising• The world’s cities occupy just 3 per cent of the Earth’s land, but account

for 60-80 per cent of energy consumption and 75 per cent of carbon emissions

• Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health

• But the high density of cities can bring efficiency gains and technological innovation while reducing resource and energy consumption

Sustainable Cities and Communities

Targets

Reduce Environmental

hazards and ensure waste management

Inclusive and Sustainable

Urbanization

Safe , inclusive and accessible public spaces

Protect world cultural and

natural heritage

Accessible, Safe, Affordable and

Sustainable Transport

National and Regional

development planning

Reduce deaths by disaster and protect poor

Affordable, Safe and Adequate

Housing

Pakistan’s Major problem

• In Pakistan, urbanization is rampant and it is expected that half the population of Pakistan will be living in the cities by 2030.

• The major problem Pakistan is facing and will face in next couple of decades is to provide adequate housing to the poor living in cities.

• There is a backlog of about 7.6 Million houses in the country with an incremental demand of about 0.25 million units per year. Hence there is a desperate need to take measures through which housing backlog could be removed and present need can be fulfilled. Besides, these measures should be financially feasible.

Reasons for Government, Private sector and Official Aid Agencies to Contribute

Reasons

Recognized as basic necessity under article

25(1) of Universal Declaration of Human

Rights

Responsibility of the State to provide

adequate , safe and affordable housing

Private developers can provide helping hand to

help out their fellow poor citizens

Recognized under Article 11(1) of the

International Covenant on

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Module 13(Section 5)

Obstacles in provision of Housing• Land speculation and limited supply of developed land, especially

is urban areas, has made ownership right beyond affordability.

• High population growth rate of 3 as compared to economical growth of 1.8 causes inflation.

• Government agencies reliance on traditional approaches to provide housing has resulted in a failure to cope up with ever increasing demand.

• Illegal subdivision of urban land by the private developers due to which prices of plots are increased tremendously.

Obstacles in provision of Housing

• Limitations of house finance and weak mortgage collateral discourages credit based housing development.

• Lack of transparency and misuse of house finance have resulted in hesitation of financial institutions to award funds for house construction.

• Rigid laws and building codes have limited the efficient use of urban land and increased the cost of consumer.

• Lack of comprehensive policy at national, provincial and local level to reduce the backlog of 9 million housing units and cope up with 0.34 million demand each year.

Housing Provision Solutions

• Master, Structural, Regional and local development plans should be implemented in their true sense.

• Effective institutional capacity building frame work should be provided at grass root level to minimize general disparities and imbalances, not only between urban and rural areas but also between various income groups.

• Introduction of innovative approaches to collateral and screening of eligible households for incremental housing finance and home improvement credits with the affordability limits of low income and moderate households would be introduced.

Housing Provision Solutions

• High rise, Transit oriented development should encouraged for provision of low income housing.

• Private developers should be made bound to sell 25 percent of their of plots at a subsidize rate with easy installments to the low income people.

• Government should provide subsidy to the private developers to provide housing to the low income people.

• Building codes and by laws should be made flexible for low income housing.

• Low interest loans should be provided to upgrade slums and katchi Abadis.

References

• http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities/

• https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300

• https://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/IHRIP/circle/modules/module13.htm

• National Housing Policy 2001(Pakistan)