sustainable business informacion 2016

7/25/2019 Sustainable Business Informacion 2016

1/90

Sustainable business

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sustainable business, or green business, is an enterprise that has minimal negativeimpact on the global or local environment, community, society, or economya businessthat strives to meet the triple bottom line.Often, sustainable businesses haveprogressive environmental andhuman rightspolicies. In general, businessis described asgreen if it matches the following four criteria:!"

!. It incorporates principles of sustainability into each of its businessdecisions.

#. It supplies environmentally friendlyproducts or services that replaces demand fornongreen products and$or services.

%. It is greener than traditional competition.

&. It has made an enduring commitment to environmental principles in its businessoperations.

' sustainable business is any organi(ation that participates in environmentally friendly orgreen activities to ensure that all processes, products, and manufacturing activitiesade)uately address current environmental concerns while maintaining a profit. In otherwords, it is a business that *meets the needs of the present world without compromising theability of the future generations to meet their own needs.+ #"%"It is the process of assessinghow to design products that will take advantage of the current environmental situation andhow well a companys products perform with renewable resources.&"

-he rundtland /eportemphasi(ed that sustainability is a three0legged stool of people,planet, and profit.#"1ustainable businesses with the supply chain try to balance all threethrough the triple0bottom0line conceptusing sustainable development and sustainabledistributionto affect the environment, business growth, and the society.2"3"

4veryone affects thesustainabilityof the marketplace and the planet in some way.1ustainable development within a business can create value for customers, investors, andthe environment. ' sustainable business must meet customer needs while, at the same

time, treating the environment well.5"

In order to be successful in such an approach, wherestakeholder balancing and 6oint solutions is key, a structural approach is needed. Onephilosophy, that include many different tools and methods, is the concept of 1ustainable4nterprise 47cellence.8"

1ustainability is often confused with corporate social responsibility 91/;, though the twoare not the same. ansal and !&; state that the notion of ?time discriminatessustainability from 1/ and other similar concepts. Whereas ethics, morality, and normspermeate 1/, sustainability only obliges businesses to make intertemporal trade0offs tosafeguard intergenerational e)uity. 1hort0termism is the bane of sustainability. @"

Areen business has been seen as a possible mediator of economic0environmentalrelations, and if proliferated, would serve to diversify our economy, even if it has a
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Ecopreneur-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentally_friendlyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Brundtland-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Brundtland-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Growing-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Reporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Reporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Brundtland-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_distributionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_distributionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_bottom_linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Ecopreneur-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentally_friendlyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Brundtland-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Growing-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Reporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Brundtland-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_distributionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_distributionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business


2/90

negligible effect at lowering atmospheric O# levels. -he definition of Bgreen 6obsB isambiguous, but it is generally agreed that these 6obs, the result of green business, shouldbe linked to clean energy, and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases. -hesecorporations can be seen as generators of not only Bgreen energyB, but as producers ofnew BmaterialitiesB that are the product of the technologies these firms developed and

deployed.!>"

ontents

hide"

! 4nvironmental sphere

o !.! 1ustainable usinesses

# 1ocial sphere

% Organi(ations

& orporate sustainability strategies

2 1tandards

3 C44< certification

5 1i7 essential characteristics

8 hallenges and opportunities

@ 1ee also

!> Dotes

!! 47ternal l inks

Environmental sphereedit"

' ma6or initiative of sustainable businesses is to eliminate or decrease the environmentalharm caused by the production and consumption of their goods. !!"-he impact of suchhuman activities in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced can be measuredin units of carbon dio7ide and is referred to as the carbon footprint. -he carbon footprint

concept is derived from ecological footprint analysis, which e7amines the ecologicalcapacity re)uired to support the consumption of products. !#"

usinesses take a wide range of green initiatives. One of the most common e7amples isthe act of Bgoing paperlessB or sending electronic correspondence in lieu of paper whenpossible.5"On a higher level, e7amples of sustainable business practicesinclude: refurbishing used products9e.g., tuning up lightly used commercial fitnesse)uipment for resale;E revising production processesin order to eliminate waste 9such asusing a more accurate template to cut out designs;E and choosing nonto7ic raw materialsand processes. For e7ample, anadian farmers have found that hemp is a sustainablealternative to rapeseed in their traditional crop rotationE hemp grown for fiber or seed

re)uires no pesticides or herbicides.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Environmental_spherehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Sustainable_Businesseshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Social_spherehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Organizationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Corporate_sustainability_strategieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Standardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#LEED_certificationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Six_essential_characteristicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Challenges_and_opportunitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Noteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Environmental_spherehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Sustainable_Businesseshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Social_spherehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Organizationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Corporate_sustainability_strategieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Standardshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#LEED_certificationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Six_essential_characteristicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Challenges_and_opportunitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#Noteshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7


3/90

1ustainable business leaders also take into account the life cycle costsfor the items theyproduce. Input costs must be considered in regards to regulations, energy use, storage,and disposal.!%"Designing for the environment9>@;, documents the e7periences of sustainablebusinesses in 'merica and their reliance on the vast but invisible green community,referred to as the gort cloud, for support and a market.

Areen investment firms are conse)uently attracting unprecedented interest. In the G, forinstance, theAreen Investment ankis devoted e7clusively to supporting renewabledomestic energy. However, the G and 4urope as a whole are falling behind the impressivepace set by developing nations in terms of green development. !5"-hus, green investmentfirms are creating more and more opportunities to support sustainable developmentpractices in emerging economies. y providing micro0loansand larger investments, thesefirms assist small business owners in developing nations who seek business education,affordable loans, and new distribution networks for their BgreenB products.

Sustainable Businessesedit"

'mong large corporations, Ford otor ompanyoccupies an odd role in the story of

sustainability. Ironically, founder Henry Fordwas a pioneer in the sustainable businessrealm, e7perimenting with plant0based fuels during the days of the odel -.5"Ford otorompany also shipped the odel ' truck in crates that then became the vehiclefloorboards at the factory destination. -his was a form of upcycling, retaining high )uality ina closed0loop industrial cycle. !%"Furthermore, the original auto body was made of astronger0than0steel hemp composite. -oday, of course, Fords arenJt made of hemp nor dothey run on the most sensible fuel. urrently, FordJs claim to eco0friendly fame is the use ofseat fabric made from !>>K post0industrial materials and renewable soy foam seat bases.Ford e7ecutives recently appointed the companys first senior vice president ofsustainability, environment, and safety engineering. -his position is responsible forestablishing a long0range sustainability strategy and environmental policy. -he person in

this position will also help develop the products and processes necessary to satisfy bothcustomers and society as a whole while working toward energy independence. It remains
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwashinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwashinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gort_cloudhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Investment_Bankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Investment_Bankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microlendinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwashinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gort_cloudhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Investment_Bankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microlendinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Companyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fordhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-13


4/90

to be seen whether Ford will return to its founderJs vision of a petroleum0free automobile, avehicle powered by the remains of plant matter. &"

-he automobile manufacturer 1ubaruis a sustainability giant. In #>>8 a 1ubaru assemblyplant in Cafayette became the first auto manufacturer to achieve (ero land fill status when

the plant implemented sustainable policies. -he company successfully managed toimplement a plan that increased refuse recycling to @@.8K. !8"In #>!#, the corporationincreased the reuse of 1tyrofoam by @K. 'nd from the year #>>8 to the year #>!#,environmental incidents and accidents reduced from !8 to &.!@"

1maller companies such asDatureJs Lath, an organic cereal and snack making business,have also made significant sustainability gains in the #!st century. 4O'rran1tephensand his associates have ensured that the )uickly growing companyJs productsare produced without to7ic farm chemicals. Furthermore, employees are constantlyencouraged to find ways to reduce consumption. 1ustainability is an essential part ofcorporate discussions.#>"'nother e7ample comes from 1alt 1pring offee,a company

created in !@@3 as a certified organic,fair trade, coffee producer.#!"In recent years theyhave become carbon neutral,lowering emissions by reducing long0range trucking andusing bio0dieselin delivery trucks,##"upgrading to energy efficient e)uipment andpurchasingcarbon offsets. -he company claims to offer the first carbon neutral coffee soldin anada.#%"1alt 1pring offee was recogni(ed by the !> report Doing Business in a New Climate.#&"' third e7ample comes from Gorea, whererice husks are used as a nonto7ic packaging for stereo components and other electronics.-he same material is later recycled to make bricks.!%"

-he miningand specifically gold miningindustries are also moving to be more sustainable,especially given that the industry is one of the most destructive in environmental terms inthe world.#2"Indeed, regarding gold mining, Dorthwestern niversityscientists have, in thelaboratory, discovered an ine7pensive and environmentally sustainable method that usessimple cornstarch00 instead ofcyanide00 to isolate gold from raw materials in a selectivemanner.#3"1uch a method will reduce the amount of cyanidereleased into the environmentduring gold e7traction from raw ore,with one of theDorthwestern niversityscientists, 1irFraser 1toddart stating that: *-he elimination of cyanide from the gold industry is of theutmost importance environmentallyB.#5"'dditionally, the retail 6ewelry industry is now makingattempts to be totally sustainable, with companies using green energy providersandrecyclingmore,#8"as well as preventing the use of mined0so called Jvirgin goldJ frombeing used by applying re0finishing methods on pieces and re0selling them. #@"Furthermore,

the customer may opt for FairtradeAold%>"

which gives a better deal to small scaleandartisanalminers and is an element of sustainable business. %!"However, not all think thatmining can be sustainable and much more needs to be done, noting that mining in generalis in need of greater regional and international legislation and regulation, which is a validpoint given the huge impact mining has on the planet and the huge number of products andgoods that are made wholly or partly from minedmaterials.%#"

Social sphereedit"

Organi(ations that give back to the community, whether through employees volunteering

their time or through charitable donations are often considered to be socially sustainable.Organi(ations also can encourage education in their communities by training their
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Growing-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature's_Pathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature's_Pathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran_Stephenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran_Stephenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran_Stephenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salt_Spring_Coffee_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salt_Spring_Coffee_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_organichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_organichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_tradehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-dieselhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-mainstream-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Suzuki_Foundationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_starchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_starchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairtrade_Labelling_Organizations_Internationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairtrade_Labelling_Organizations_Internationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisanal_mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisanal_mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisanal_mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-32https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=3https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socially_sustainablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socially_sustainablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Growing-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subaruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature's_Pathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran_Stephenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arran_Stephenshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salt_Spring_Coffee_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certified_organichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_tradehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-dieselhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-mainstream-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Suzuki_Foundationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Generating-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_starchhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairtrade_Labelling_Organizations_Internationalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisanal_mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-32https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socially_sustainable


5/90

employees and offering internships to younger members of the community. Lractices suchas these increase the education level and )uality of life in the community.

In order for a business to be truly sustainable, it must sustain not only the necessaryenvironmental resources, but also its social resources, including employees, customers

9the community;, and its reputation.%%"

Organizationsedit"

-he 4uropean communitys/estriction of Ha(ardous 1ubstances !%, all )uoted companies in the G are legally re)uired to report their annual greenhousegas emissions in their directors report, under the ompanies 'ct #>>391trategic and!%.%&"%2"

Cester rowns Llan #.>and Hunter Covinss Datural apitalismprovide information onsustainability initiatives.%3"

Corporate sustainability strategiesedit"

orporate sustainability strategies can aim to take advantage of sustainable revenue

opportunities, while protecting the value of business against increasing energy costs, thecosts of meeting regulatory re)uirements, changes in the way customers perceive brandsand products, and the volatile price of resources.

Dot all eco0strategies can be incorporated into a companyJs 4co0portfolio immediately. -hewidely practiced strategies include: Innovation, ollaboration, Lrocess Improvement and1ustainability reporting.

!. Innovation M -echnology

-his introverted method of sustainable corporate practices focuses on a companyJs ability

to change its products and services towards less waste production and sustainable bestpractices.

#. ollaboration

-he formation of networks with similar or partner companies facilitates knowledge sharingand propels innovation.

%. Lrocess Improvement

ontinuous process surveying and improvement is essential to reduction in waste.

4mployee awareness of company0wide sustainability plan further aids the integration ofnew and improved processes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-33https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEEEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Business_Council_for_Sustainable_Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Business_Council_for_Sustainable_Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Resources_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Resources_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprinthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprinthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companies_Act_2006https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_Brownhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_B_2.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Lovinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Capitalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-33https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEEEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Business_Council_for_Sustainable_Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Business_Council_for_Sustainable_Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Resources_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprinthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-Painting-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companies_Act_2006https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_Brownhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_B_2.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Lovinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Capitalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=5


6/90

&. 1ustainability /eporting

Leriodic reporting of company performance in relation to goals. -hese goals are oftenincorporated in to the corporate mission 9as in the case of Ford otor o.;. %5"

2. Areening the 1upply hain

1ustainable procurement is important for any sustainability strategy as a companyJs impacton the environment is much bigger than the products that they consume. -he orporation 9certification;model is a good e7ample of one that encourages companies tofocus on this.

'dditionally, companies might consider implementing a sound measurement andmanagement system with read6ustment procedures, as well as a regular forum for allstakeholders to discuss sustainablity issues.%8"-he 1ustainability alanced 1corecard is aperformance measurement and management system aiming at balancing financial and

non0financial as well as short and long0term measures. It e7plicitly integrates strategicallyrelevant environmental, social and ethical goals into the overall performance managementsystem %@"and supports strategic sustainability management.

Standardsedit"

4normous economic and population growth worldwide in the second half of the twentiethcentury aggravated the factors that threaten health and the world o(onedepletion,climate change, depletion, fouling of natural resources, and e7tensive lossofbiodiversityand habitat.In the past, the standard approaches to environmental problems

generated by business and industry have been regulatory0driven Bend0of0the0pipeBremediation efforts. In the !@@>s, efforts by governments, DAOs, corporations, andinvestors began to grow substantially to develop awareness and plans for investment inbusiness sustainability.

One critical milestone was the establishment of theI1O !&>>>standards whosedevelopment came as a result of the /io 1ummit on the 4nvironmentheld in !@@#.I1O!&>>!is the cornerstone standard of theI1O !&>>>series. It specifies a framework ofcontrol for an 4nvironmental anagement 1ystem against which an organi(ation can becertified by a third party. OtherI1O !&>>>1eries 1tandards are actually guidelines, many tohelp you achieve registration to I1O !&>>!. -hey include the following:

I1O !&>>& provides guidance on the development and implementation ofenvironmental management systems

I1O !&>!> provides general principles of environmental auditing 9now supersededby I1O !@>!!;

I1O !&>!! provides specific guidance on audit an environmental managementsystem 9now superseded by I1O !@>!!;

I1O !&>!# provides guidance on )ualification criteria for environmental auditors

and lead auditors 9now superseded by I1O !@>!!;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-.5B15.5D-37https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Corporation_(certification)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Corporation_(certification)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-39https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-.5B15.5D-37https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Corporation_(certification)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Corporation_(certification)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-39https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14001https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14000


7/90

I1O !&>!%$2 provides audit program review and assessment material.

I1O !&>#>N labeling issues

I1O !&>%>N provides guidance on performance targets and monitoring within an

4nvironmental anagement 1ystem

I1O !&>&>N covers life cycle issues

LEED certificationedit"

-he Ceadership in 4nergy and 4nvironmental


8/90

B"roducts of serviceare durable goods routinely leased by the customer that are made oftechnical materials and are returned to the manufacturer and re0processed into a newgeneration of products when they are worn out.9-hese products are mostly non0to7ic tohuman and environmental health but to7ic materials that are used will be kept within aclosed loop type system and not be able to escape into the environment;. "roducts of

consumptionare shorter lived items made only of biodegradable materials. -hey arebroken down by the detritus organisms after the products lose their usefulness.9-hese arealso non0ha(ardous to human or environmental health;. -his principal re)uires that wemanufacture only these two types of products and necessitates the gradual but continualreductions of products of service and their replacement with products of consumption astechnological advancements allow.B

". Solar# wind# geother!al and ocean energy.

B-his principalsic" advocates employing only sustainable energy technologysolar, wind,ocean and geothermalthat can meet our energy needs indefinitely without negative

effects for life on earth.B Other authors, such as Laul Hawken, have referred to this asutili(ing current solar income.

$. %ocal-based organi&ations and econo!ies

B-his ingredient includes durable, beautiful and healthy communities with locally owned andoperated businesses and locally managed non0profit organi(ations, along with regionalcorporations and shareholders working together in a dense web of partnerships andcollaborations.B

'. (ontinuous i!prove!ent process

BOperational processes inside successful organi(ations include provisions for constantadvancements and upgrade as the company does its business. -he continuous process ofmonitoring, analy(ing, redesigning and implementing is used to intensify --C valueproduction as conditions change and new opportunities emerge.B &!"

Challenges and opportunitiesedit"

Implementing sustainable business practices may have an effect on profits and a firmJsfinancial Jbottom lineJ. 't first blush, this challenge might make many corporate e7ecutivescringe. However, during a time where environmental awareness is popular, green strategiesare likely to be embraced by employees, consumers, and other stakeholders. In fact,according to many studies, a positive correlation e7ists between environmentalperformance and economic performance. "

If an organisations current business model is inherently unsustainable, becoming a trulysustainable business re)uires a complete makeover of the business model 9e.g. fromselling cars to offering car sharing and other mobility services;. -his can present a ma6orchallenge due to the differences between the old and the new model and the respectiveskills, resources and infrastructure needed. ' new business model can also offer ma6or

opportunities by entering or even creating new markets and reaching new customergroups. &%"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-41https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-43https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-41https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-43


9/90

ompanies leading the way in sustainable business practices can be said to be takingadvantage of sustainable revenue opportunities: according to the !2,&&"and the average internal rate of return on energy efficiency investments for largebusinesses is &8K. &2"' #>!% survey suggests that demand for green products appears to

be increasing: #5K of respondents said they are more likely to buy a sustainable productand$or service than 2 years ago. &3"Furthermore, sustainable business practices mayattract talentand generateta7 breaks.&5"

See alsoedit"

&4 usiness for the 4nvironment

Areen 'merica

orporation9certification;

ottom of the pyramid

arbon -rust

lean 4dge

lean 4nergy -rends

lean -ech Dation

leaner production

orporate sustainability

47ternality

Aort cloud

Areen brands

1ustainable '

Cow carbon economy

-he Datural 1tep

Det Impact

/enewable energy commerciali(ation

/enewable energy industry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skillshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skillshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skillshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-44https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-45https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-46https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talent_managementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_breakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_breakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-47https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B4E_Business_for_the_Environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Americahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Corporation_(certification)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_of_the_pyramidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Trusthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Edgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Energy_Trendshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Tech_Nationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaner_productionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_sustainabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gort_cloudhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_brandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_MBAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_carbon_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Natural_Stephttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_Impacthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercializationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_industryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skillshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_for_Business,_Innovation_and_Skillshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-44https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-45https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-46https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talent_managementhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_breakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_business#cite_note-47https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_business&action=edit&section=10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B4E_Business_for_the_Environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Americahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_Corporation_(certification)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_of_the_pyramidhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_Trusthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Edgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Energy_Trendshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Tech_Nationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaner_productionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_sustainabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externalityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gort_cloudhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_brandshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_MBAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_carbon_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Natural_Stephttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_Impacthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercializationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_industry


10/90

1ustainable usiness Detwork

Worldchanging

Low-carbon economy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part ofa seriesabout

Environmental economics

Concepts

Green accounting

Green economy

Green trading

Eco commerce

Green job

Environmental enterprise

Fiscal environmentalism

Environmental nance

Reneable energy

Policies

!ustainable tourism

Ecota"

Environmental tari#

$et metering

Environmental pricing reform

Pigovian ta"

Dynamics

Reneable energy commerciali%ation

&arginal abatement cost

Green parado"

Green politics

Pollution haven hypothesis

Carbon related
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Business_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldchanginghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Environmental_economicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Environmental_economicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Environmental_economicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_economicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_accountinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_tradinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco_commercehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_jobhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_enterprisehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_environmentalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_financehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_tourismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotaxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_tariffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_meteringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_pricing_reformhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigovian_taxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercializationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_abatement_costhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_paradoxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_politicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_haven_hypothesishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Business_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldchanginghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Environmental_economicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_economicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_accountinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_tradinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco_commercehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_jobhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_enterprisehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiscal_environmentalismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_financehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_tourismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotaxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_tariffhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_meteringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_pricing_reformhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigovian_taxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercializationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_abatement_costhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_paradoxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_politicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_haven_hypothesis


11/90

Low-carbon economy

'arbon neutral fuel

'arbon neutrality

'arbon pricing

Emissions trading

'arbon credit

'arbon o#set

'arbon emission trading

Personal carbon trading

'arbon ta"

'arbon nance

Feed(in tari#

'arbon diet

Food miles

)***(att society

'arbon footprint

v

t

e

' low-carbon econo!y9%();, low-ossil-uel econo!y9%**);,!"ordecarbonisedecono!y#"is an economybased on low carbon powersources that therefore has a minimal

output of greenhouse gas9AHA; emissions into the environment biosphere, but specificallyrefers to the greenhouse gas carbon dio7ide. AHA emissions due to anthropogenic9human; activity are the dominant cause of observedglobal warming9climate change;since the mid0#>th century.%"ontinued emission of greenhouse gases will cause furtherwarming and long0lasting changes around the world, increasing the likelihood of severe,pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems. &"

any countries around the world are designing and implementing low emissiondevelopment strategies 9C4


12/90

!.!.# 1ustainable biofuels

!.!.% Duclear power

!.!.& 1mar t grid

!.!.2 ethane cycle

!.!.3 1

!.!.5 ombined heat and power

# Lrimary sector

o #.! 'griculture

#.!.! rops

#.!.# Civestock

o #.# Hunting and fishing

o #.% Forestry

o #.& ining

% 1econdary sector

o %.! asic metals processing

o %.# Donmetal lic product processing

o %.% Wood processing

o %.& Laper and pulp making

o %.2 Food processing

& -ertiary sector

o &.! /etail

o &.# -ransportation services

o &.% Health services

2 Initial steps

o 2.! ountries

2.!.! 'ustralia

2.!.# hina

2.!.% osta /ica

2.!.& Iceland

2.!.2 India

2.!.3 Leru
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Sustainable_biofuelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Nuclear_powerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Smart_gridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Methane_cyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#CCShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Combined_heat_and_powerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Primary_sectorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Agriculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Cropshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Livestockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Hunting_and_fishinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Forestryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Secondary_sectorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Basic_metals_processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Nonmetallic_product_processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Wood_processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Paper_and_pulp_makinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Food_processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Tertiary_sectorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Retailhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Transportation_serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Health_serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Initial_stepshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Countrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Costa_Ricahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Icelandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Peruhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Sustainable_biofuelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Nuclear_powerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Smart_gridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Methane_cyclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#CCShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Combined_heat_and_powerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Primary_sectorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Agriculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Cropshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Livestockhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Hunting_and_fishinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Forestryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Mininghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Secondary_sectorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Basic_metals_processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Nonmetallic_product_processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Wood_processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Paper_and_pulp_makinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Food_processinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Tertiary_sectorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Retailhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Transportation_serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Health_serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Initial_stepshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Countrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Chinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Costa_Ricahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Icelandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Peru


13/90

2.!.5 nited Gingdom

o 2.# ities

3 4ducation

5 1ee also

8 47ternal links

@ /eferences

ationale and aimsedit"

This section needs additional citations forverication. Please helpimprove thisarticlebyadding citations to reliable sources.+nsourced material may be challenged andremoved. (October 2010)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Dations may seek to become low0carbon or decarbonised economies as a part of anational climate change mitigationstrategy. ' comprehensive strategy to mitigate climatechangeis throughcarbon neutrality.

-he aim of a C4 is to integrate all aspects of itself from its manufacturing, agriculture,transportation, and power0generation, etc. around technologies that produce energy andmaterials with little AHA emission, and, thus, around populations, buildings, machines, anddevices that use those energies and materials efficiently, and, dispose of or recycle itswastes so as to have a minimal output of AHAs. Furthermore, it has been proposed that tomake the transition to an C4 economically viable we would have to attribute a cost 9per

unit output; to AHAs through means such asemissions tradingand$or acarbon ta7.

1ome nations are presently low carbon: societies that are not heavily industrialised orpopulated. In order to avoid climate change on a global level, all nations considered carbonintensivesocieties, and societies that are heavily populated might have to become (ero0carbon societies and economies. 1everal of these countries citation needed"have pledged to cut theiremissions by !>>K viaoffsettingemissions rather than ceasing all emissions 9carbonneutrality;E in other words, emitting will not cease but will continue and will be offsetto adifferent geographical area. 4 emission trading system allows companies to buyinternational carbon credits, thus the companies can channel clean technologies topromote other countries to adopt low0carbon developments. 3"

)nergy policyedit"

Renewable energy and energy efficiency#edit$

See also %enewable energy commerciali&ation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#United_Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Citieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Educationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions_tradinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions_tradinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_taxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_taxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_intensityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_intensityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercializationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#United_Kingdomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Citieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Educationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#External_linkshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissions_tradinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_taxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_intensityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_intensityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization


14/90

Worldwide installed wind power capacity !@@5P#>#> W", history and predictions. "!!"

-he challenge is to support biofuel development, including the development ofnew cellulosic technologies, with responsible policies and economic instruments to helpensure that biofuel commerciali(ation is sustainable. /esponsible commerciali(ation ofbiofuels represents an opportunity to enhance sustainable economic prospects in 'frica,

Catin 'merica and 'sia.!>"!!"!#"
http://www.wwindea.org/http://www.wwindea.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis_Solar_Power_Planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis_Solar_Power_Planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis_Solar_Power_Planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-wwinst2009-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-wwinst2009-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourcehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resourcehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resourcehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-r2010-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-ren15-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-ren15-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-wwinst2009-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_biofuelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_biofuelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_fuelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_fuelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_price_increases_since_2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_usehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_usehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-roy-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-sol-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-roy-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-sol-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-12http://www.wwindea.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellis_Solar_Power_Planthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_usehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-wwinst2009-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourcehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resourcehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-r2010-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-ren15-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-ren15-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-wwinst2009-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_biofuelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_fuelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_price_increases_since_2003https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_usehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-roy-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-sol-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-roy-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-sol-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-12


15/90

iofuels have a limited ability to replace fossil fuels and should not be regarded as a ?silverbullet to deal with transport emissions. However, they offer the prospect of increasedmarket competition and oil price moderation. ' healthy supply of alternative energysourceswill help to combat gasoline price spikes and reduce dependency on fossil fuels, especiallyin the transport sector.!!"sing transportation fuels more efficiently is also an integral part of

a sustainable transportstrategy.

Nuclear power#edit$

Duclear powerhas been offered as the primary means to achieve a C4. In terms oflarge industriali(ednations, mainland France, due primarily to 52K of its electricity beingproduced by nuclear power, has the lowest carbon dio7ide productionper unit ofA


16/90

CCS#edit$

-he proposed strategy of carbon capture and storage91; 0 continued use of non0renewable fossil fuels but without allowing carbon dio7ide to reach the atmosphere 0 hasalso been considered as a means to achieve a C4, either in a primary or supporting role.

a6or concerns include the uncertainty of costs and time needed to successfully implement1 worldwide and with guarantees that stored emissions will not leak into the biosphere.

Combined heat and power#edit$

ombined Heat and Lower9HL; is a technology which by allowing the more efficient useof fuel will at least reduce carbon emissionsE should the fuel be biomassorbiogasorhydrogen used as an energy store then in principle it can be a (ero carbon option. HL canalso be used with a nuclear reactor as the energy sourceE there are e7amples of suchinstallations in the far Dorth of the /ussian Federation.

!rimary sectoredit"

This section needs additional citations forverication. Please helpimprove thisarticlebyadding citations to reliable sources.+nsourced material may be challenged andremoved. (October 2010)(Learn how and when to remove this template message)

+gricultureedit"See also (ow carbon diet

ost of the agricultural facilities in the developed world are mechani(ed due to rural

electrification. /ural electrification has produced significant productivity gains, but it alsouses a lot of energy. For this and other reasons 9such as transport costs; in a low0carbonsociety, rural areas would need available supplies of renewably produced electricity. citation needed"

Irrigation can be one of the main components of an agricultural facilityJs energyconsumption. In parts of alifornia, it can be up to @>K. !@"In the low carbon economy,irrigation e)uipment will be maintained and continuously updated and farms will use lessirrigation water.

Crops#edit$

"

Alasshouse crops

environmental control systems

heat recovery using condensers

heat storage using buffer tanks
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biospherehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogenerationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogenerationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_carbon_diethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-autogenerated1-20https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biospherehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogenerationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_carbon_diethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-autogenerated1-20


17/90

heat retention using thermal screens

alternative fuels 9e.g., waste wood;

cogeneration 9heat and power;

Irrigated arable crops

soil moisture measurement to regulate irrigation

variable0speed drives on pumps

Livestock#edit$

Civestock operations can also use a lot of energy depending on how they are run. Feed lotsuse animal feed made from corn, soybeans, and other crops. 4nergy must be e7pended toproduce these crops, process, and transport them. Free0range animals find their ownvegetation to feed on. -he farmer may e7pend energy to take care of that vegetation, butnot nearly as much as the farmer growing cereal and oil0seed crops.

any livestock operations currently use a lot of energy to water their livestock. In the low0carbon economy, such operations will use more water conservation methods such asrainwater collection, water cisterns, etc., and they will also pump$distribute that water withon0site renewable energy sources 9most likely wind and solar;.

"

Irrigated


18/90

,unting and ishingedit"

Fishing is )uite energy intensive. Improvements such as heat recovery on refrigeration andtrawl net technology will be common in the low0carbon economy.#>"dead lin)"

*orestryedit"'ain article*ood economy

Lrotecting forests provides integrated benefits to all, ranging from increased foodproduction, safeguarded local livelihoods, protectedbiodiversityand ecosystemsprovidedby forests, and reduced rural poverty. 'dopting low emission strategies for both agriculturaland forest production also mitigates some of the effects of climate change.#!"

In the low0carbon economy, forestry operations will be focused on low0impact practices andregrowth. Forest managers will make sure that they do not disturb soil0based carbonreserves too much. 1peciali(ed tree farms will be the main source of material for manyproducts. Suick maturing tree varieties will be grown on short rotations in order to ma7imi(eoutput.##"

iningedit"'ain articleGas flare

Flaring and venting of natural gasin oil wells is a significant source ofgreenhousegasemissions. Its contribution to greenhouse gases has declined by three0)uarters inabsolute terms since a peak in the !@5>s of appro7imately !!> million metric tons$year, andin #>>& accounted for about !$# of one percent of all anthropogeniccarbon

dio7ideemissions.#%"

-he World ankestimates that !%& billion cubic meters of natural gas are flared or ventedannually 9#>!> datum;, an amount e)uivalent to the combined annual gas consumptionof Aermanyand Franceor enough to supply the entire world with gas for !3 days. -hisflaring is highly concentrated: !> countries account for 5>K of emissions, and twenty for82K.#&"

-he top0ten leading contributors to world gas flaring in #>!>, were 9in decliningorder;: /ussia9#3K;, Digeria9!!K;, Iran98K;,Ira)95K;,'lgeria9&K;,'ngola9%K;, Ga(akhstan9%K;, Cibya9%K;, 1audi 'rabia9%K;, andTene(uela9#K;.#2"

Secondary sectoredit"

Basic !etals processingedit"

high efficiency electric motors

induction furnaces

heat recovery
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-autogenerated1-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-autogenerated1-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-autogenerated1-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_flarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_flarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=17https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_recoveryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-autogenerated1-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=15https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_economyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_flarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeriahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=17https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_recovery


19/90

Non!etallic product processingedit"

variable speed drives

in6ection molding0 replace hydraulic with electric servo motors

ood processingedit"

high efficiency motors

high efficiency fans

dehumidifier driers

Paper and pulp !akingedit"

variable speed drives

high efficiency motors

*ood processingedit"

high efficiency boilers

heat recovery e.g. refrigeration

solar hot water for pre0heating

bio fuelse.g. tallow, wood

"ertiary sectoredit"

/etailedit"

/etail operations in the low0carbon economy will have several new features. One will behigh0efficiency lighting such as compact fluorescent, halogen, and eventually C4< lightsources. any retail stores will also feature roof0top solar panel arrays. -hese make sensebecause solar panels produce the most energy during the daytime and during the summer.

-hese are the same times that electricity is the most e7pensive and also the same timesthat stores use the most electricity.#3"

Transportation servicesedit"

1ustainable, low0carbon transport systems are based on minimi(ing travel and shifting tomore environmentally 9as well as socially and economically; sustainable mobility, improvingtransport technologies, fuels and institutions.#5"


20/90

Increased focus on fuel efficient vehicle shapes and configurations, withmore vehicle electrification,particularly throughplug0in hybrids.

ore alternative and fle70fuel vehicles 9based on local conditions andavailability;

"

1ustainable transport has many co0benefits that can accelerate local sustainabledevelopment. 'ccording to a series of reports by the Cow 4mission


21/90

' shift from focusing solely on cure to prevention, through the promotion ofhealthier, lower0carbon lifestyles, e.g. diets lower in red meat and dairy products,walking or cycling wherever possible, better town planning to encourage more outdoorlifestyles.

Improving public transport and liftsharing options for transport to and from hospitalsand clinics.

#nitial stepsedit"

' good overview of the history of international efforts towards a low0carbon economy, fromits initial seed at the inaugural D onference on the Human 4nvironment in 1tockholm in!@5#, has been given by "'lthough 4uropeis nowadays the leading geopolitical continent with regard to lowering emissions, 4urope is)uickly losing ground to 'sia, with countries such as hina and 1outh Gorea. &!"However,the #>!& Global Green Economy +nde,- .GGE+/"ranks 3> nations on their greeneconomic performance, finding that the Dordic countries and 1wit(erland have the bestcombined performance around climate change and green economy.

(ountriesedit"

Australia#edit$

'ain article%enewable energy in 0ustralia

'ustralia has implemented schemes to start the transition to a low0carbon economybutcarbon neutralityhas not been mentioned and since the introduction of the schemes,emissions have increased. -he1econd /udd Aovernmentpledged to lower emissions by20!2K. In #>>!, -he Howard Aovernment introduced a andatory /enewable 4nergy-arget 9/4-; scheme. In #>>5, the Aovernment revised the /4- 0 #> percent of

'ustraliaJs electricity supply to come from renewable energy sources by #>#>. /enewableenergy sources provide 80!>K of the nationJs energy, and this figure will increasesignificantly in the coming years. However coal dependence and e7porting conflicts with theconcept of 'ustralia as a low0carbon economy. arbon0neutral businesses have receivedno incentiveE they have voluntarily done so. arbon0offset companies offer assessmentsbased on lifecycle impacts to businesses that seek carbon neutrality. -he arbon/eduction Institute&%"is one such offset provider, that has produced a certificationprocedureto promote a low0carbon economy in 'ustralia. -hough the only true certifiedcarbon neutral scheme is the 'ustralian governmentJs Dational arbon Offset 1tandard9DO1;. -hree of the four of 'ustraliaJs top banks are now certified under this scheme and

full list of compliant companies can be seen herehttp:$$www.environment.gov.au$climate0change$carbon0neutral$carbon0neutral0program$accredited0
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-37https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-39https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_mobilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_mobilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-40https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-41https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-42https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=28https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Rudd_Governmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Rudd_Governmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-43https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoCO2_Certification_Programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoCO2_Certification_Programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoCO2_Certification_Programhttp://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/carbon-neutral/carbon-neutral-program/accredited-businesses#Certified_organisationshttp://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/carbon-neutral/carbon-neutral-program/accredited-businesses#Certified_organisationshttp://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/carbon-neutral/carbon-neutral-program/accredited-businesses#Certified_organisationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-37https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_Stateshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-39https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_mobilityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-40https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-41https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-42https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=28https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbon_economy&action=edit&section=29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_neutralityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Rudd_Governmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-carbon_economy#cite_note-43https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoCO2_Certification_Programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoCO2_Certification_Programhttp://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/carbon-neutral/carbon-neutral-program/accredited-businesses#Certified_organisationshttp://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/carbon-neutral/carbon-neutral-program/accredited-businesses#Certified_organisations


22/90

businessesUertifiedorganisations . usinesses are now moving from unaccreditedschemes such as noco# and transitioning to DO1 as the only one that is e7ternallyaudited. ost of leading carbon management companies have also aligned with DO1such as Det alance http:$$www.netbalance.com$ , Langolin'ssociates http:$$pangolinassociates.com$sustainability0services$ncos0carbon0neutrality$,

4nergeticshttp:$$energetics.com.au$homeand the big four accounting firms.

In #>!! the Aillard Aovernment introduced a price on carbon dio7ide emissions forbusinesses. 'lthough often characterised as a ta7, it lacked the revenue0raising nature of atrue ta7. In #>!%, on the election of the 'bbott government, immediate legislative stepswere taken to repeal the so0called carbon ta7. -he price on carbon was repealed on the!5th =uly #>!& by an act of parliament. 's it stands 'ustralia currently has no mechanismto deal with climate change.

China#edit$

'ain article%enewable energy in China

In hina, the city of K a year by #>!% and hina was emittingmore carbon dio7ide than the ne7t two biggest countries combined 9.1.'. and India;.&3"-otal carbon dio7ide emissions were pro6ected to increase until #>%>. &5"

Costa Rica#edit$

osta /icasources much of its energy needs from renewables and isundertaking reforestationpro6ects. In #>>5, the osta /ican government announced thecommitment for osta /ica to become the first carbon neutralcountry by #>#!.&8"&@"2>"

Iceland#edit$

'ain article%enewable energy in +celand

Iceland began utilising renewable energy early in the #>th century and so since has been alow0carbon economy. However, since dramatic economic growth, IcelandJs emissions haveincreased significantly per capita. 's of #>>@, Iceland energy is sourced from

mostly geothermal energyand hydropower,renewable energy in Icelandand, since !@@@,has provided over 5>K of the nationJsprimary energyand @@.@K of IcelandJselectricity.2!"'sa result of this, IcelandJs carbon emissions per capita are 3#K lower than those ofthenited 1tates2#"despite using more primary energy per capita, 2%"due to the fact that it isrenewable and low0cost. Iceland seekscarbon neutralityand e7pects to use !>>Krenewable energy by #>2> by generatinghydrogen fuelfrom renewable energy sources.

India#edit$

Cow carbon strategies for inclusive growth 0 'n interim report 9India;, ay #>!!2&"
http://www.environment.gov.au/climate-change/carbon-neutral/carbon-neutral-program/accredited-businesses#Certified_organisationshttp://www.netbalance.com/http://pangolinassociates.com/sustainability-services/ncos-carbon-neutrality/http://energetics.com.au/homehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Low-carbo

sustainable business informacion 2016

Documents