Drains•1-Rubber•2-Silicone

• 1 -Active• 2 -Passive

1-Closed 2-Open

List of Things to Drain• ·Blood

• ·Bile

• ·Pus

• ·Urine

• ·Bowel anastomotic leaks

• ·Saliva

• ·Serum/lymph

• ·Pancreatic secretion

Closed•.Lower infection rate.

• ·Reduce risk of contaminating staff and other patients.

• ·Reduce nursing time

• ·more accurate measurement of drainage output.

• ·Protect surrounding skin from irritating discharges.

Open•Penrose for its softness and

lower tendency to be blocked.

• ·Greater patient comfort and mobility

Types of open drains

•1 .Corrugated Drain

•2 .Penrose Drain

•3 .Yeates drain

A corrugated drain

PVC

5-1-2-Penrose drain

Latex rubber, silicone

A Penrose drain

•A Penrose drain, made of soft, pliable rubber, is used to drain incisions .

Yeates drainseries of approx 2mm diameter PVC tubes attached side by side

CLOSED PASSIVE DRAINS

•1 .Pig-tail Catheters

•2 .Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drains

•3 .Urinary Catheter

•4 .Intercostal Catheter

Pigtail drainrenal pelvis (i.e. as a

nephrostomy tube.(

Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drains

more side-holes

Other CLOSED PASSIVE DRAINS

•Urinary Catheter

•see - Urological Catheters

Intercostal Catheter

•see - Intercostal Catheter

CLOSED SUCTION (active) DRAINS:

•1 .Bellovac®

•2 .Blake® drain

•3 .Exudrain®

•4 .Hemovac®

•5 .Jackson-Pratt®

Bellovac

Blake drain

Exudrain

Hemovac (Davol) (redivac)

Hemovac (Davol) (redivac)

Jackson-pratt drain

Jackson-pratt drain

Sump Suction Drains

sump drain

1-Mechanical Problems of drains

•.Trauma to tissues

• ·Erosion of adjacent tissues- may lead to perforation or fistula formation ,haemorrhage

• ·Herniation of viscera through the drain tract.

• ·Anastomotic leak- drains are sometimes placed near anastomoses

2-PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

• ·Bacterial colonization and sepsis-

• ·Loss of fluid and electrolytes

Pain-

Pneumothorax pneumoperito-

• ··Restricted mobility

3-DRAIN MALFUNCTION1.Blocked Drain

•2 .Leaking Drain•3 .Loose Drain

•4 .Drain retraction•5 .Drain falling out

•6 .Broken Drain/ Tubing•7 .Inflamed Drain Exit Site

•8 .Atypical Drainage Fluids;• anastomotic leaks, or drain erosion into adjacent

structures e.g. bowel, bladder, or blood vessels.•9 .High Drainage Output

•10 .Vacuum Failure for Suction Drains