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IntroductiontoSurfactants


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Presentation outline

Basic Surfactant Chemistry

Surfactant Properties

Surfactant Classification

The Applications


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Basic Surfactant Chemistry


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Oil & water dont mix !


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Surfactant

Surfactants are compounds that stabilize mixtures of oil and waterby reducing the surface tension at the interface between the oil andwater molecules.

Surfactants are amphiphilic in nature i.e.; they contain 2 distinctstructural units:

Tail or hydrophobic group which has little affinity for water thisgroup is usually hydrocarbon (alkyl) chain

Head or hydrophilic group which has strong affinity for water & can

be neutral or charged.


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Surfactants at theair-water Interface


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Surfactants reduce the surface tension of water byadsorbing at the liquid-gas interface.

They also reduce the interfacial tension between oiland water by adsorbing at the liquid-liquid interface.

At higher concentrations surfactants have the

tendency to assemble into aggregates. Examples ofsuch aggregates are vesicles and micelles.

The concentration at which surfactants begin to formmicelles is known as the critical micelle concentration

or CMC.

Surfactants - behavior


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In a micelle :

The lipophilic tails of the surfactant molecules remain on

the inside of the micelle

The polar heads of the micelle form a hydrophilic outerlayer that in effect protects the hydrophobic core of themicelle.

Surfactant- micelle


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What is cloud point & pourpoint?

The Cloud point of a fluid is the temperature at whichdissolved solids are no longer completely soluble,

precipitating as a second phase giving the fluid a cloudyappearance.

The pour point of a liquid is the lowest temperature at

which it will pour or flow under prescribed conditions.


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What is cloud point & pourpoint?


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What is HLB ofa surfactant?

The Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance [HLB]of a surfactant is a

measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic,determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule.


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HLB valuesignificance

HLB Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Use

Water in oil

emulsifierOil in water Emulsifiers

Wetting Agents Detergents

Solubilizer


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The Properties

i f


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- Wetting- Emulsification- Dispersion / Solubilisation- Foaming / De-foaming- Detergency

- Conditioning- Substantivity- Thickening

Properties of

Surfactants


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Wetting


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Emulsification


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Surfactant Classification


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Surfactant classes

Surfactants are broadly classified into thefollowing four groups based on the ioniccharges they carry:

Anionic surfactants

Nonionic surfactants Cationic surfactants

Amphoteric surfactants


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Surfactant grouping

Anionic Nonionic

Cationic Amphoteric

Fatty alcohol sulfates Fatty alcohol ether sulfates Lauryl alcohol ethoxylates Sulfosuccinates Amides Betaines Glycol stearates , Glycerylcocoate

Benzalkonium chloride


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The Applications


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Oral Skin Hair Soap Bath Sun

protection

Disinfectant/

BleachingSodium LaurylSulfate

Ammonium Lauryl

Sulfate

Sodium LaurylEther Sulfate

Ammonium Lauryl

Ether Sulfate

Alcohol ethoxylates

Sulfosuccinate

Ethanolamides

Amine oxide

The Applications


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Oral Skin Hair Soap Bath Disinfectant/

Bleaching

Benzalkonium chloride

CAPB

CAPB - DC

PEG -7 Glyceryl Cocoate

Surfactant based Soapnoodles & flakes

The Applications


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Equipped with his five senses, man explores the

universe around him and calls the adventureScience.

Edwin Powell Hubble

surfactant for website dec-09

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