surfactant flushing an innovative ground water remediation technology jeffrey h. harwell asahi glass...
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Surfactant Flushing
An Innovative Ground Water An Innovative Ground Water Remediation TechnologyRemediation Technology
Jeffrey H. HarwellAsahi Glass Chair of Chemical EngineeringThe University of Oklahoma, NormanPrincipal, Surbec Environmental, LLC
Basics
Release NAPL from aquifer pores Release NAPL from aquifer pores Direct and Indirect Food AdditivesDirect and Indirect Food Additives Surfactants pass EPA biodegradation testingSurfactants pass EPA biodegradation testing Used throughout the United StatesUsed throughout the United States US patents US patents 6,913,419 and 7,021,8636,913,419 and 7,021,863
What is a surfactant?
Molecule fits between Molecule fits between oil and wateroil and water
Common and safeCommon and safe Found inFound in
– Salad dressingSalad dressing– ToothpasteToothpaste– MouthwashMouthwash– ShampooShampoo
How does it work?
NAPLs contaminate ground waterNAPLs contaminate ground water Droplets become immobile Droplets become immobile
– Trapped by surface tensionTrapped by surface tension– Force that traps water in a paper towelForce that traps water in a paper towel
Surfactants go to oil/water interfaceSurfactants go to oil/water interface– Lower surface tensionLower surface tension– Release dropletsRelease droplets– Like removing grease from pants in laundryLike removing grease from pants in laundry
Newly mobile NAPL extracted with pumpsNewly mobile NAPL extracted with pumps
Trapped-drop . . . becomes released
…and is pumped to surface
Column ComparisonGround Water
FoodSurfactant
LaundrySurfactant
“Designer” blend of surfactants
7 / 57
TrappingCurves
8 / 57
Mobile Portionof NAPL in Pores withoutSurfactant
System Capillary Number withoutSurfactant
9 / 57
Mobile Portionof NAPL in Pores withSurfactant
System Capillary Number withSurfactant
System Capillary Number withoutSurfactant
Observations
Trapped NAPL can be mobilized byTrapped NAPL can be mobilized by– increasing water pore velocityincreasing water pore velocity– increasing water viscosityincreasing water viscosity– lowering interfacial tensionlowering interfacial tension
Surbec reduces interfacial tension Surbec reduces interfacial tension – 3 to 4 orders of magnitude3 to 4 orders of magnitude– very low concentrations (< 1wt %)very low concentrations (< 1wt %)
How Is It Delivered?
NAPL Pool
Injection Wells
Extraction Wells
SB-1
SB-2
SB-3
SB-4
SB-5
SB-6
Remediation Well System Layout with Well Numbers
5 PPM
0’ 50’ 100’
17.0’
18.0’
IW1 IW2 IW3 IW4
IW5 IW6
IW7 IW8 IW9 IW10IW11 IW12
IW13 IW14 IW15
IW16 IW17 IW18 IW19 IW20 IW21
IW22 IW23 IW24
IW26IW25 IW27 IW28IW29
IW30
IW31 IW32
EW1 EW2EW3
EW4EW5
EW6
EW7 EW8 EW9
EW10 EW11 EW12
Surfactant Flushing Integrated Process
RW IW
AC
AS
NAPL
WASTE STORAGE
Disposal
O/WSeparator
MixerRaw S