Surface Water Simulation Group

Comprehensive watershed scale model Comprehensive watershed scale model

developed and supported by the USDA-ARSdeveloped and supported by the USDA-ARS

capable of simulating surface andcapable of simulating surface and

groundwater hydrology under differentgroundwater hydrology under different

management practices in hydrologicallymanagement practices in hydrologically

complex watersheds. complex watersheds.

Applications

US-EPA BASINS Multipurpose Environmental Analysis System

for Performing Watershed and WaterQuality Studies

System for Supporting Development of Total

Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL’s). SWAT Included in Basins 3.0

Applications

Assessment of CAFOs on Water QualityAssessment of CAFOs on Water Quality Hydrologic and Water Quality Impacts resulting Hydrologic and Water Quality Impacts resulting

from Land Use Change within Watershedsfrom Land Use Change within Watersheds Assessing Impact of Climate ChangeAssessing Impact of Climate Change

Upland Processes

SWAT Watershed System

Channel/Flood PlainProcesses

Cells Subwatersheds Hydrologic Response Units Output from other Models

- EPIC, SWAT Point Sources - Treatment Plants

Possible Configurations

SWAT StrengthsUpland Processes Comprehensive Hydrologic Balance Physically-Based Inputs Plant Growth – Rotations, Crop Yields Nutrient Cycling in Soil Land Management - BMP

Tillage, Irrigation, Fertilizer, Pesticides,

Grazing, Rotations, Subsurface Drainage,

Urban-Lawn Chemicals, Street Sweeping

Continuous TimeDaily Time Step (Sub-hourly)One Day to Hundreds of Years

Readily available input – Physically based Distributed Parameter

Unlimited Number of Subwatersheds Comprehensive – Process Interactions Simulate Management

General Description

Root Zone

Shallow Aquifer

Unsaturated Zone

Confining Layer

Deep Aquifer

Precipitation

Evaporation and Transpiration

Infiltration/plant uptake/ Soil moisture redistribution

Surface Runoff

Lateral Flow

Return Flow

Revap from shallow aquifer

Percolation to shallow aquifer

Recharge to deep aquifer

Flow out of watershed

Hydrologic Balance

Surface Water Modeling GroupSurface Water Modeling GroupProject ObjectivesProject Objectives

Develop a methodology to simulate the Develop a methodology to simulate the surface water hydrology and percolation surface water hydrology and percolation below the rooting zone of multiple below the rooting zone of multiple combinations of land, soils, management combinations of land, soils, management practices, and climatic conditions across practices, and climatic conditions across Michigan in support of the IWBA DSS.Michigan in support of the IWBA DSS.

Provide a database of spatially explicit Provide a database of spatially explicit recharge values recharge values

Multidimensional Recharge ArrayMultidimensional Recharge Array

Recharge Value for Recharge Value for

Climate Zone 1Climate Zone 1

Land Cover Type

Soi

l Typ

e

Management Practice

Recharge (mm/yr)%

Fre

quen

cy

TasksTasks

Watershed Hydrology ValidationWatershed Hydrology Validation Augusta CreekAugusta Creek

Selection of Pertinent Land Covers / Selection of Pertinent Land Covers / Management PracticesManagement Practices

Model SensitivityModel Sensitivity Soil TypeSoil Type Management PracticesManagement Practices ClimateClimate

Development of Recharge Value DatabaseDevelopment of Recharge Value Database PDF DevelopmentPDF Development

Watershed ValidationWatershed ValidationAugusta CreekAugusta Creek

Small watershed near KBSSmall watershed near KBS38.9 mi38.9 mi22

Available data for surface water, groundwater, Available data for surface water, groundwater, and ecological modeling teamsand ecological modeling teams

Watershed will be used to validate modeling Watershed will be used to validate modeling approachesapproaches

Data Requirements and SourcesData Requirements and Sources

STATSGO Soils databaseSTATSGO Soils database30m MDNR land cover data 30m MDNR land cover data (2001)(2001)

30m USGS digital elevation model30m USGS digital elevation modelClimatic data Climatic data (KBS – NWS station)(KBS – NWS station)

Observed surface water data Observed surface water data (1980 – 2000)(1980 – 2000)

USGS gaging station on Augusta CreekUSGS gaging station on Augusta Creek

Augusta Creek Landuse and Soil Augusta Creek Landuse and Soil DistributionDistribution

Area [haArea [ha] ] Area [acres]Area [acres] %Wat.Area%Wat.AreaWATERSHED: 9662.0400 23875.3839WATERSHED: 9662.0400 23875.3839

LANDUSE:LANDUSE: Pasture-->PAST 3060.1836 7561.8668 Pasture-->PAST 3060.1836 7561.8668

31.6731.67 Range-Grasses-->RNGE 650.0890 1606.4024 6.73Range-Grasses-->RNGE 650.0890 1606.4024 6.73 Water-->WATR 90.5050 223.6423 0.94Water-->WATR 90.5050 223.6423 0.94 Wetlands-Forested-->WETF 543.5344 1343.1006 5.63Wetlands-Forested-->WETF 543.5344 1343.1006 5.63 Wetlands-Mixed-->WETL 1000.0179 2471.0943 10.35Wetlands-Mixed-->WETL 1000.0179 2471.0943 10.35 Wetlands-Non-Forested-->WETN 31.5641 77.9966 0.33Wetlands-Non-Forested-->WETN 31.5641 77.9966 0.33 Kentucky Bluegrass-->BLUG 195.8813 484.0326 2.03Kentucky Bluegrass-->BLUG 195.8813 484.0326 2.03 Forest-Deciduous-->FRSD 2255.8207 5574.2458 23.35Forest-Deciduous-->FRSD 2255.8207 5574.2458 23.35 Forest-Evergreen-->FRSE 430.7276 1064.3495 4.46Forest-Evergreen-->FRSE 430.7276 1064.3495 4.46 Agricultural Land-Row Crops-->AGRR 1361.6308 3364.6579 14.09Agricultural Land-Row Crops-->AGRR 1361.6308 3364.6579 14.09 Orchard-->ORCD 42.0854 103.9952 0.44Orchard-->ORCD 42.0854 103.9952 0.44

SOIL:SOIL: MI047 1494.9441 3694.0817 15.47MI047 1494.9441 3694.0817 15.47 MI091 1787.5716 4417.1788 18.50MI091 1787.5716 4417.1788 18.50 MI036 83.1747 205.5288 0.86MI036 83.1747 205.5288 0.86 MI045 6296.3496 15558.5947 65.17MI045 6296.3496 15558.5947 65.17

Augusta Creek SimulationsAugusta Creek Simulations

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4/1/00 5/1/00 6/1/00 7/1/00 8/1/00 9/1/00 10/1/00

Dai

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low

(cf

s)

Observed

Simulated

Land Use ImpactLand Use Impact

Shallow Aquifer Flow

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150200

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Decidu

ous F

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Alfalfa

Blueg

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Everg

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Densit

y Urb

an

Indu

stria

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Low D

ensit

y Urb

an

Med

Dens

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rban

Oat

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hard

Pastu

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Soybe

an

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ter W

heat

Ann

ual G

W fl

ow (

mm

)

Runoff (mm)

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100150200250300350400450500

Decidu

ous F

ores

t

Alfalfa

Blueg

rass

Smoo

th B

rom

egra

ssCor

n

Everg

reen

For

est

High

Densit

y Urb

an

Indu

stria

l

Low D

ensit

y Urb

an

Med

Dens

ity U

rban

Oat

s

Orc

hard

Pastu

re

Soybe

an

Win

ter W

heat

Su

rfa

ce R

un

off

(m

m)

Land Use / Soil Type CombinationsLand Use / Soil Type Combinations

Average Annual Runoff (mm)862 mm of rainfall

Soil Type

Crop Spinks Parkhill

Corn 138 486

Forest 1 341

Land Use / Soil Type CombinationsLand Use / Soil Type Combinations

Average Baseflow (mm)862 mm of rainfall

Soil Type

Crop Spinks Parkhill

Corn 320 42

Forest 404 66

Where to go from here?Where to go from here?

Have the ability to perform a water balance on Have the ability to perform a water balance on every soil in the state.every soil in the state.

Available long-term daily weather data (100+ Available long-term daily weather data (100+ yrs) distributed across the climate regions of the yrs) distributed across the climate regions of the state.state.

Need to finalize land use – management Need to finalize land use – management combinationscombinations

Begin mass simulations of combinations of soil / Begin mass simulations of combinations of soil / landuse / climatelanduse / climate Quality control – result analysisQuality control – result analysis

QuestionsQuestions