Surface Water Surface Water MovementMovement

SWBAT explain how surface water SWBAT explain how surface water can move weathered materials; can move weathered materials; explain how a stream carries its explain how a stream carries its load; describe how a floodplain load; describe how a floodplain

developsdevelops

Surface Water MovementSurface Water Movement What is the water cycle?What is the water cycle?

The water cycle is the continuous The water cycle is the continuous process of water recycling through process of water recycling through various pathwaysvarious pathways

Runoff Runoff Water flowing down slope along Earth’s Water flowing down slope along Earth’s

surfacesurface

RunoffRunoff What conditions determine whether water on What conditions determine whether water on

Earth’s surface will seep in or become runoff?Earth’s surface will seep in or become runoff? Pores – the amount of open space in soil Pores – the amount of open space in soil

determines how much water it can holddetermines how much water it can hold Vegetation – allows more water to penetrate Vegetation – allows more water to penetrate

because it flows down slowlybecause it flows down slowly Rate of precipitation – lighter rain penetrates Rate of precipitation – lighter rain penetrates

better, while heavy precipitation comes too fast to better, while heavy precipitation comes too fast to soak in and becomes runoffsoak in and becomes runoff

Soil composition – the physical and chemical Soil composition – the physical and chemical composition determine how much water soil can composition determine how much water soil can hold. Courser grains create more poreshold. Courser grains create more pores

Slope – steeper slopes create more runoff because Slope – steeper slopes create more runoff because there is little time for water to soak in before there is little time for water to soak in before gravity takes effectgravity takes effect

Stream SystemsStream Systems Get your Lab notebooksGet your Lab notebooks

Send one person to collect the supplies you Send one person to collect the supplies you needneed Tray of sandTray of sand Water bottleWater bottle

Set your tray at an angle, propping one end Set your tray at an angle, propping one end up with your books.up with your books.

Hold the water bottle at the top of the Hold the water bottle at the top of the sand, in a steady position, pouring out sand, in a steady position, pouring out water at a steady pace until it is gone.water at a steady pace until it is gone.

When the water is gone, sketch the stream When the water is gone, sketch the stream system that was created in your lab system that was created in your lab notebook.notebook.

Stream SystemsStream Systems Watershed Watershed

Drainage basin – where the land’s water Drainage basin – where the land’s water drains into stream systemsdrains into stream systems

Look at the map on page 215.Look at the map on page 215. How many major rivers are part of the Mississippi How many major rivers are part of the Mississippi

watershed?watershed? 1010

Where do they drain out?Where do they drain out? Gulf of MexicoGulf of Mexico

Divide Divide a high land area that separates one watershed a high land area that separates one watershed

from anotherfrom another

Stream LoadStream Load Solution Solution

Material dissolved in a stream’s waterMaterial dissolved in a stream’s water Why do you think groundwater provide Why do you think groundwater provide

more dissolved material to stream water?more dissolved material to stream water? Groundwater has more dissolved materials Groundwater has more dissolved materials

than a stream because it has more time to be than a stream because it has more time to be in contact with rocks. Runoff water spends in contact with rocks. Runoff water spends very little time in contact with the surface very little time in contact with the surface and doesn’t pick up or dissolve as much and doesn’t pick up or dissolve as much material. Vegetation also prevents runoff material. Vegetation also prevents runoff from running over the earth’s surface.from running over the earth’s surface.

Stream LoadStream Load Suspension Suspension

Small particles are carried in a stream Small particles are carried in a stream by being help up by the turbulence by being help up by the turbulence

Bed load Bed load larger particles are pushed along the larger particles are pushed along the

bed of a stream. A bed load usually bed of a stream. A bed load usually consists of sand, pebbles, and cobblesconsists of sand, pebbles, and cobbles

Using GraphsUsing Graphs What two factors affect the carrying What two factors affect the carrying

capacity of a stream?capacity of a stream? Velocity Velocity Amount of waterAmount of water

In your Lab notebooks, complete the In your Lab notebooks, complete the problem solving lab on page 217.problem solving lab on page 217. Work together in your groupsWork together in your groups Answer all questions in complete Answer all questions in complete

sentencessentences Don’t forget a title and dateDon’t forget a title and date

Steam Velocity and Steam Velocity and Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity

Discharge Discharge The measure of the volume of water that flows The measure of the volume of water that flows

over a particular location over a period of time over a particular location over a period of time What is the formula for calculating What is the formula for calculating

discharge?discharge? Discharge (mDischarge (m33/s) = width (m) x depth (m) x /s) = width (m) x depth (m) x

velocity (m/s)velocity (m/s) D = wdvD = wdv What is the discharge of a stream whose width What is the discharge of a stream whose width

is 100m, depth is 50m, and velocity is 5m/s?is 100m, depth is 50m, and velocity is 5m/s?

FloodplainsFloodplains Flood Flood

Occurs when water flows over the sides Occurs when water flows over the sides of stream’s banks into adjacent land of stream’s banks into adjacent land

Floodplain Floodplain The flat area that extends out from a The flat area that extends out from a

stream’s bank and is covered by excess stream’s bank and is covered by excess water during times of floodingwater during times of flooding

In your groupsIn your groups Answer questions 1-6 on page 221Answer questions 1-6 on page 221

Be sure to answer in complete Be sure to answer in complete sentences.sentences.

Finish for homework.Finish for homework.